Unit 1 Wise men in history【B卷·培优卷】-2024-2025学年九年级英语上册单元速记·巧练（广州专用，沪教牛津版）

班级 姓名 学号 分数 Unit 1 Wise men in history（B卷·培优卷） （时间：100分钟，满分：90分） 第一部分 选择题部分 一、语法选择(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) Martin Luther King Jr. was a great person in America. 1 he was still a boy, Martin learned that the black Americans were often treated differently from most of 2 fellow Americans. Many could not attend good schools, get good jobs, or live in nice houses 3 the colour of their skin. Martin knew that in a free country this was wrong. He wanted to help his black brothers and sisters, 4 he went to college and later became a minister. Martin 5 believed that people should love their neighbours as themselves, which guided his actions throughout his life. In 1947, Martin became a pastor (牧师) in Montgomory, Alabama. This is where his “peaceful fight” first 6 . He was also 7 great speaker. His speech “I Have a Dream” is regarded as one of 8 events in American history. In his speech, he expressed the dream for white and black Americans to walk hand in hand as brothers. He said that all Americans should 9 by their character rather than the colour of their skin. Dr. King worked for equality (平等) in 10 cities too. He knew that the only way people could win their rights was to remain peaceful, even in face of 11 . Dr. King won the Nobel Prize in 1964 for his achievements and courage. However, something terrible happened 12 April 4, 1968 in Memphis, Tennessee. Martin Luther King Jr. was shot. The man 13 fought for peace left his people unexpectedly. The whole nation felt 14 about it. But Dr. King’s dream can never die. Many Americans still are struggling 15 that dream come true. 1．A．When B．That C．Where D．Before 2．A．they B．them C．their D．themselves 3．A．as B．since C．because D．because of 4．A．so B．but C．and D．although 5．A．strong B．strongly C．stronger D．strongest 6．A．begin B．begins C．began D．begun 7．A．an B．a C．the D．/ 8．A．fame B．famous C．more famous D．the most famous 9．A．judge B．judged C．be judged D．judging 10．A．other B．others C．another D．the other 11．A．dangerous B．danger C．dangerously D．endangered 12．A．in B．at C．on D．for 13．A．whom B．who C．which D．whose 14．A．sad B．sadly C．sadness D．sadder 15．A．make B．makes C．making D．to make 二、完形填空 (共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分) 阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从16～25各题所给的A、B、C、D项中，选出最佳选项。 During the Three Kingdoms period in ancient China, there was a wise man named Zhuge Liang, also known as Kongming. He served for Liu Bei. One day, Zhuge Liang found himself in a/an 16 situation. Sima Yi’s army was reported being 17 and Zhuge’s support was still far away. There was only one 18 for Zhuge to take, the use of empty city. Zhuge Liang sent his soldiers to West City. He told them to 19 the city gates and sent them to clean the roads. The men couldn’t understand Zhuge Liang’s request, but Zhuge told them not to 20 and he had secretly sent many soldiers around to fight the coming war. Zhuge himself went up the city wall with two of his service boys and began to play his favourite music there. Sima Yi’s army had been told that West City was empty. However, when they arrived and saw the open gates, empty streets, and only a few old soldiers working as cleaners, they became 21 and didn’t enter the city. Zhuge told them that the city was empty and he had prepared to welcome the enemy. Sima Yi believed it was a 22 since Zhuge had never taken any unsure plans in his life and his words couldn’t be 23 trusted. He replied Zhuge that no matter whether the city was empty or not, he was not to enter. Sima Yi’s army camped miles away outside West City. General Zhao Yun returned to West City. Zhuge Liang sent Zhao to attack the 24 and he went back to his State right away. Sima Yi was again told by his men that West City was empty. When he headed towards West City for the second time, he met Zhao Yun and was 25 . When he finally learnt what had happened, he realized about his weakness, and left that area. 16．A．ashamed B．difficult C．strange D．amazing 17．A．bigger B．smarter C．weaker D．nearer 18．A．reason B．choice C．order D．lesson 19．A．mend B．wash C．clean D．open 20．A．worry B．care C．fight D．shout 21．A．helpful B．doubtful C．joyful D．hopeful 22．A．trick B．game C．quiz D．joke 23．A．kindly B．slowly C．easily D．happily 24．A．gate B．heart C．city D．enemy 25．A．fooled B．shaken C．beaten D．killed 3、 阅读理解 (共两节，满分35分) 第1节 阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从26-40各题所给的A、B、C、D项中，选出最佳选项。 A When talking about fishing in China, Jiang Tai Gong is very likely to be the first name that would come to people’s mind. The story happened in the late years of the Shang dynasty. Jiang Tai Gong once served the king of Shang dynasty, and began to hate him for tyranny from the bottom of heart. Jiang Tai Gong was a genius in military tactics and government management. He lived near the Weihe River about 3,000 years ago. The area was the feudal estate of Count Ji Chang. Jiang Tai Gong knew Ji Chang was very ambitious, so he hoped to get Ji’s attention. He often went fishing at the Weihe River, but he would fish in an unusual way. He hung a straight fishhook, without bait, three feet above the water. Lookers-on were curious about it, and Jiang Tai Gong explained, “I would like to take honestly rather than to ask for with the knees down. I fish not for the fish but for the nobility (高贵).” Later words traveled to Count Ji. He sent a soldier to invite him. Jiang Tai Gong ignored the solider, going on with fishing, and was talking to himself, “Fishing, fishing, no fish has been hooked. A shrimp is up to mischief (恶作剧).” The soldier reported this back to Ji Chang, who became more interested in this man. Then, Count Ji sent an official to invite him. It didn’t work. Finally Ji Chang realized Jiang may be a genius, so he went to invite Jiang Tai Gong himself. Jiang saw his sincerity and honesty and finally decided to work for him. In the end, Jiang Tai Gong helped Count Ji and his offspring build a great power and build  Zhou dynasty — a great dynasty. Today, people use the old idiom There are always fish willing to be caught by angler Jiang Taigong to describe someone who willingly falls in a trap or does something no matter what the result is. This idiom has been passed on from generation to generation. To some degree, it could be regarded as a part of Chinese philosophy. 26．Why did Jiang Tai Gong give up serving the king of Shang Dynasty? A．Because Jiang was too old to serve the king. B．Because the king treated his people rudely. C．Because Jiang was an ambitious person. D．Because the king didn’t need Jiang any more. 27．How did Jiang Tai Gong fish? A．He fished with a straight hook in the water. B．He fished without bait above the water. C．He fished with bait to plead for fish. D．He fished with a usual fishhook without bait. 28．What does the underlined part “a shrimp” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．a kind of animal B．a small fish C．the soldier D．the official 29．Which of the followings can we use the idiom to describe? A．Linda, who still trusts people that tell lies B．Annie, who is always willing to help others C．Leo, who enjoys setting taps for others D．Tommy, who does things after thinking twice B Do you compare yourself to other people? Perhaps your best friend receives something you really want, or you’re not allowed to go to a concert but your brother or sister is. Even though comparisons are common and can sometimes be helpful, focusing (专注) on your own progress is important for your happiness. “We often compare ourselves to others who are doing better or not as well as ourselves.” says Dr. Jack. “But I suggest comparing yourself to your past self and your future self. This can make you feel proud of what you’ve achieved and excited about what you might do. Focusing on your own purposes is more worthwhile than always trying to come out on top.” Comparing yourself to those around you is natural and we often do it without realizing it. It can help us to be clear about our achievements and to form friendships with new people who have similar interests. However, it's important to remember that nobody is perfect in real life. It’s also important to take note of how the comparison is making you feel. “If you begin to feel quite low, focus on your own strengths.” says Jack. In other words, you can ask yourself questions like “What can I do well in?”, which can help you trust yourself. Maybe here you are wondering “What if all my friends are better than me?”. Dr. White says that jealousy (妒忌) is not bad but focusing on your own work can help you feel just as successful. He also mentions that learning to celebrate your friends’ success can not only help to cheer your friends up but also help you feel good. It will encourage you to build each other up. 30．What does the writer tell us in Paragraph 1? A．We should compare with others. B．We should share things with brothers. C．We should enjoy concerts with sisters. D．We should focus on our own progress. 31．Why should you compare yourself to your past self? A．To care about others. B．To change your purposes. C．To increase your excitement. D．To be proud of your achievements. 32．What does the underlined phrase “your own strengths” probably mean in Paragraph 3? A．what you’re good at B．what you’ve understood C．what you’re crazy about D．what you’ve experienced 33．What does Dr. White suggest? A．Trusting your friends. B．Cheering on tiny success. C．Celebrating others’ success. D．Forming a deep friendship. C Some of the benefits of social media are unquestionable, such as the abilities to quickly connect with long-lost friends and keep in touch with family members from afar. However, according to a study conducted by the photo-sharing app Flashgap, millennials (千禧一代) are so addicted to social media that their real-time relationships are affected. The results have been confirmed by later studies. The study found that 87% of millennials are so busy surfing the Internet that they have completely missed out on face-to-face conversations. 54% worry that they will be left out if they don’t check theInternet quite often. And 76% of females check their social media accounts at least 10 times while socializing with their friends. A study conducted this year shows that 42% of those who use social media admit to feeling jealous (妒忌的) when their blog posts don’t receive as many “likes” as their friends’. Posts and reactions to them can also make people feel less confident. Earlier this year, a number of millennials came together and discussed the influence of social media on their lives. Tedi Gilmartin, one of them, reported feeling really sad about her life because she saw her friends travelling and thought she should be doing that too. But for all the negative effects on people’s emotional well-being and relationships, there are some benefits. Gesell, for one, found that visiting social media sites inspired him to lose weight. All in all, different people have different views about social media. Some think they’re able to communicate with more people now than ever. Others think even with emojis, posts cannot convey some subtle (微妙的) ge stural clues that can be found in face-to-face conversations. These misunderstandings can lead to negative reactions and even the end of some relationships. There is obviously a healthy balance, but as social media takes over more and more of our lives, its more negative effects may appear. 34．Why does the writer mention Flashgap at the beginning of the passage? A．To sell a kind of social software. B．To prove the popularity of social media. C．To stress the importance of social media. D．To present social media’s negative effects. 35．What does the writer want to show by the numbers in Paragraph 2? A．Females like surfing the Internet more than males. B．Social media is making millennials less social. C．Millennials keep track of news updates every day. D．Chatting online is more convenient than chatting face to face. 36．What effect of social media is stressed in Paragraph 3? A．Leading to negative emotions and mind. B．Enabling people to forget upsetting things. C．Recording interesting stories during journeys. D．Causing misunderstandings between friends. 37．What’s the writer’s attitude towards social media? A．Critical. B．Positive. C．Worried. D．Uncertain. D Most great people are also famous people, but famous people may not be great people. A great person is someone who is always willing to give his or her life to others. Read the information below to learn about four great people. Sun Yat-sen (1866—1925), China He was the founder of the Republic of China in 1911 after many years’ fighting. He was a fighter throughout his life for the freedom of the Chinese people. He is called the “Father of the Nation”. Nelson Mandela (1918—2013), South Africa He fought for black people and was in prison for nearly thirty years. He helped black people get the same rights (权利) as white people. He served as the president of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was the first black president of South Africa. Neil Armstrong (1930—2012), USA He was the first man to land on the Moon in July 1969. “That's one small step for a man, one big leap (跳跃) for mankind,” he said. Norman Bethune (1890—1943), Canada Born in Canada but died in China, he was a great doctor fighting against the German Nazis and Japanese invaders (侵略者) during World War Ⅱ. He worked very hard for the Chinese people and saved many Chinese soldiers. 38．When did Nelson Mandela get out of prison? A．In 1969. B．In 1994. C．In 1999. D．It’s not mentioned. 39．Why is Nelson Mandela a great man? A．He was the first man to land on the Moon. B．He was the founder of the first Republic of South Africa. C．He helped black people get the same rights as white people. D．He fought against American invaders during World War II. 40．Which of the following is true according to the article? A．Man landed on the Moon for the first time in July 1969. B．Nelson Mandela fought all his life for the freedom of the Chinese people. C．Famous people are all willing to help others. D．Famous people must be great people. 第2节 阅读填空（ 每小题1分，共5分） 阅读短文及文后A～E选项，选出可以填入1～5各题空白处的最佳选项。 Kites were once called zhiyuan in North China and yaozi in South China. The name fengzheng came into use during the Five Dynasties. 41 He once tied a whistle (哨子) made of bamboo to the upper (上面的) part of his kite so that a zheng sound was made when he was flying the kite. The word for wind is feng, so fengzheng came into use. Who invented the kite? 42 But it’s widely believed that the earliest kite in the world was made by Mo Di who lived about 2,400 years ago. He spent three years making a “bird” with wood and successfully flew it. The “bird” was later regarded as the first kite in the world. Later, he passed his kite-making skills on to his student Lu Ban. Lu Ban improved on kite-making. 43 Kite-flying became a kind of activity probably in the Tang Dynasty. 44 Later, the paper-made kite was invented. Paper-made kites were cheaper to make and then they spread quickly among the common people. 45 The well-known British scientist, Dr. Needham, once described kites as an important invention that spread to Europe from China in his book. A．As time went on, kites flew to different countries in the world. B．He made a kite out of bamboo and it flew into the air for as long as three days. C．There are so many different opinions that it’s difficult to decide which one is right. D．According to a history book, Li Ye, who lived in the Five Dynasties, used to make and fly kites. E．At that time, only the members of the imperial family (皇族) and people of the highest class flew kites. 第二部分 非选择题 四、写作部分 第一节、语篇填词（每小题1分，共5分） There are many interesting stories about Confucius and his students. Confucius is known as a famous educator all over the world as he provided the poor people with chances to be educated. He left a large number of famous sayings. Though he was very great, he couldn’t do the correct things all the time and sometimes he might also make a m 46 . Once Confucius and his students passed through the State of Chen and Cai on their way to the State of Chu (楚国). They were not allowed to leave for Chu because the two states worried that Confucius might j 47 in the State of Chu and help them become stronger. Confucius and his students didn’t have any food for seven days and they were r 48 hungry. Luckily, his student Yan Hui got some rice and cooked it. When the food was almost ready, Confucius saw Yan Hui taking out something from the pot. Later, when Yan Hui i 49 his teacher to have the meal, Confucius said, “Food should be given to the old first, shouldn’t it? Why did you taste the rice first?” Yan Hui answered politely, “I am afraid I am misunderstood. When I saw some dirt fall into the pot, I tried to pick out the dirty rice and ate it up.” Confucius sighed and said, “As an old saying goes, seeing is believing, but it isn’t always true. We can’t depend on our eyes too much. I feel a 50 of my behaviour(行为).” 第二节、完成句子 （ 每小题2分，共10分） 51．因为偷了一副名画，他被送进监狱。 He for stealing a famous painting. 52．永庆坊充满岭南文化。 Yongqing Fang Lingnan culture. 53．经理说他对自己团队的工作一点也不满意。 The manager said that he wasn't his team’s work . 54．确保午饭之前你们能到达那里。 you can get there before lunch. 55．她往杯子里倒了太多水，以至于水都溢出来了。 She  poured much  water  into   the  cup the  water    . 第三节、书面表达（15分） 56．根据下面的提示，以“My hero—Florence Nightingale”为题介绍你心目中的英雄——佛罗伦斯·南丁格尔。 1. 佛罗伦斯·南丁格尔是一位著名的英国护士，也是现代护理学的创始人(founder of modern nursing)。 2. 她出生于1920年5月12日。 3. 1851年，她被训练为护士。三年后，她去了英国军事医院 (a British military hospital) 以便她能帮助治疗英国士兵。她努力保持医院清洁，从而挽救了士兵的生命。 4. 在1856年当她回到英国时，她成了民族英雄。 5. 南丁格尔写了几本关于护理的书，她还创办了一所培训护士的学校。 6. 1910年8月13日，她在伦敦去世。 注意事项： 1. 短文词数：80左右。 2. 短文必须包含以上内容，但可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 3. 文中不得出现真实的人名和地名。 My hero—Florence Nightingale ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案第10页，共10页 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 班级 姓名 学号 分数 Unit 1 Wise men in history（B卷·培优卷） （时间：100分钟，满分：90分） 第一部分 选择题部分 一、语法选择(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) Martin Luther King Jr. was a great person in America. 1 he was still a boy, Martin learned that the black Americans were often treated differently from most of 2 fellow Americans. Many could not attend good schools, get good jobs, or live in nice houses 3 the colour of their skin. Martin knew that in a free country this was wrong. He wanted to help his black brothers and sisters, 4 he went to college and later became a minister. Martin 5 believed that people should love their neighbours as themselves, which guided his actions throughout his life. In 1947, Martin became a pastor (牧师) in Montgomory, Alabama. This is where his “peaceful fight” first 6 . He was also 7 great speaker. His speech “I Have a Dream” is regarded as one of 8 events in American history. In his speech, he expressed the dream for white and black Americans to walk hand in hand as brothers. He said that all Americans should 9 by their character rather than the colour of their skin. Dr. King worked for equality (平等) in 10 cities too. He knew that the only way people could win their rights was to remain peaceful, even in face of 11 . Dr. King won the Nobel Prize in 1964 for his achievements and courage. However, something terrible happened 12 April 4, 1968 in Memphis, Tennessee. Martin Luther King Jr. was shot. The man 13 fought for peace left his people unexpectedly. The whole nation felt 14 about it. But Dr. King’s dream can never die. Many Americans still are struggling 15 that dream come true. 1．A．When B．That C．Where D．Before 2．A．they B．them C．their D．themselves 3．A．as B．since C．because D．because of 4．A．so B．but C．and D．although 5．A．strong B．strongly C．stronger D．strongest 6．A．begin B．begins C．began D．begun 7．A．an B．a C．the D．/ 8．A．fame B．famous C．more famous D．the most famous 9．A．judge B．judged C．be judged D．judging 10．A．other B．others C．another D．the other 11．A．dangerous B．danger C．dangerously D．endangered 12．A．in B．at C．on D．for 13．A．whom B．who C．which D．whose 14．A．sad B．sadly C．sadness D．sadder 15．A．make B．makes C．making D．to make 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．B 6．C 7．B 8．D 9．C 10．A 11．B 12．C 13．B 14．A 15．D 【导语】本文讲述了马丁·路德·金的生平。 1．句意：当他还是个男孩的时候，马丁了解到美国黑人往往受到与大多数美国同胞不同的待遇。 when当；that引导从句，无意义；where哪里；before在……之前。根据“ he was still a boy”可知是当他是个男孩的时候。故选A。 2．句意：当他还是个男孩的时候，马丁了解到美国黑人往往受到与大多数美国同胞不同的待遇。 they他们，主格；them他们，宾格；their他们的，形容词性物主代词；themselves他们自己，反身代词。空后是名词，此处用形容词性物主代词。故选C。 3．句意：由于肤色的原因，许多人无法上好学校，找不到好工作，也无法住在漂亮的房子里。 as随着；since自从；because因为；because of因为。空后是名词，此处用because of连接。故选D。 4．句意：他想帮助他的黑人兄弟姐妹，所以他上了大学，后来成为了一名部长。 so所以；but但是；and和；although虽然。前后是因果关系，此处表示结果，用so连接。故选A。 5．句意：马丁坚信，人们应该像爱自己一样爱邻居，这指导了他一生的行动。 strong强的，形容词；strongly强烈地，副词；stronger更强；strongest最强的。此处修饰动词用副词。故选B。 6．句意：这就是他的“和平斗争”最初开始的地方。 begin开始，动词原形；begins动词单三；began动词过去式；begun动词过去分词。根据“first...”可知动作发生在过去，用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故选C。 7．句意：他也是一位出色的演说家。 an不定冠词，修饰以元音音素开头的单词；a不定冠词，修饰以辅音音素开头的单词；the定冠词；/零冠词。此处泛指“一位出色的演说家”，great以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故选B。 8．句意：他的演讲“我有一个梦想”被认为是美国历史上最著名的事件之一。 fame名声，名词；famous著名的，形容词；more famous更著名的；the most famous最著名的。此处是结构“one of the+最高级+名词复数”，意为“最……的……之一”。故选D。 9．句意：他说，评判所有美国人应该根据他们的性格，而不是他们的肤色。 judge判断，动词原形；judged动词过去式；be judged被动语态；judging现在分词。主语all Americans和谓语judge之间是被动关系，故此处用含有情态动词的被动语态should be done。故选C。 10．句意：金博士也为其他城市的平等工作。 other其他的；others其他人或物；another另一个；the other两者中的另一个。空后是名词复数，用other修饰。故选A。 11．句意：他知道，人们赢得权利的唯一途径是保持和平，即使面对危险。 dangerous危险的，形容词；danger危险，名词；dangerously危险地，副词；endangered濒危的。in face of danger“面对危险”。故选B。 12．句意：然而，1968年4月4日，田纳西州孟菲斯市发生了一件可怕的事情。 in在某年某月某季节；at在某时刻；on在具体某一天；for为了。空后是具体某一天，用介词on。故选C。 13．句意：那个为和平而战的人出乎意料地离开了他的人民。 whom引导定语从句，先行词是人，关系词在从句中作宾语；who引导定语从句，先行词是人，关系词在从句中作主语或宾语；which引导定语从句，先行词是物，关系词在从句中作主语或宾语；whose引导定语从句，先行词是人或物，关系词在从句中作定语。句子是定语从句，先行词是The man，关系词在从句中作主语，用who引导定语从句。故选B。 14．句意：整个国家都为此感到悲伤。 sad伤心的，形容词；sadly伤心地，副词；sadness悲伤，名词；sadder更悲伤的。作felt的表语用形容词，且无比较之意，用形容词的原级。故选A。 15．句意：许多美国人仍在努力实现这一梦想。 make制作，动词原形；makes动词单三；making动名词；to make动词不定式。struggle to do sth.“努力做某事”。故选D。 二、完形填空 (共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分) 阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从16～25各题所给的A、B、C、D项中，选出最佳选项。 During the Three Kingdoms period in ancient China, there was a wise man named Zhuge Liang, also known as Kongming. He served for Liu Bei. One day, Zhuge Liang found himself in a/an 16 situation. Sima Yi’s army was reported being 17 and Zhuge’s support was still far away. There was only one 18 for Zhuge to take, the use of empty city. Zhuge Liang sent his soldiers to West City. He told them to 19 the city gates and sent them to clean the roads. The men couldn’t understand Zhuge Liang’s request, but Zhuge told them not to 20 and he had secretly sent many soldiers around to fight the coming war. Zhuge himself went up the city wall with two of his service boys and began to play his favourite music there. Sima Yi’s army had been told that West City was empty. However, when they arrived and saw the open gates, empty streets, and only a few old soldiers working as cleaners, they became 21 and didn’t enter the city. Zhuge told them that the city was empty and he had prepared to welcome the enemy. Sima Yi believed it was a 22 since Zhuge had never taken any unsure plans in his life and his words couldn’t be 23 trusted. He replied Zhuge that no matter whether the city was empty or not, he was not to enter. Sima Yi’s army camped miles away outside West City. General Zhao Yun returned to West City. Zhuge Liang sent Zhao to attack the 24 and he went back to his State right away. Sima Yi was again told by his men that West City was empty. When he headed towards West City for the second time, he met Zhao Yun and was 25 . When he finally learnt what had happened, he realized about his weakness, and left that area. 16．A．ashamed B．difficult C．strange D．amazing 17．A．bigger B．smarter C．weaker D．nearer 18．A．reason B．choice C．order D．lesson 19．A．mend B．wash C．clean D．open 20．A．worry B．care C．fight D．shout 21．A．helpful B．doubtful C．joyful D．hopeful 22．A．trick B．game C．quiz D．joke 23．A．kindly B．slowly C．easily D．happily 24．A．gate B．heart C．city D．enemy 25．A．fooled B．shaken C．beaten D．killed 【答案】 16．B 17．D 18．B 19．D 20．A 21．B 22．A 23．C 24．D 25．C 【导语】本文主要讲述“空城计”这一故事。 16．句意：一天，诸葛亮陷入困境。 ashamed感到羞愧的；difficult困难的；strange奇怪的；amazing惊人的。根据后文介绍可知，诸葛亮处于困境中，故选B。 17．句意：据说司马懿的军队更近了，诸葛亮的援军还很远。 bigger更大的；smarter更聪明的；weaker更弱的；nearer更近的。根据“Sima Yi’s army was reported being...and Zhuge’s support was still far away.”可知，司马懿的军队更近了，诸葛亮的援军还很远。故选D。 18．句意：诸葛亮只有一个选择，那就是利用空城。 reason原因；choice选择；order命令；lesson课。根据“There was only one...for Zhuge to take, the use of empty city.”可知，诸葛亮只有一个选择，故选B。 19．句意：他吩咐他们打开城门，派他们去打扫道路。 mend修补；wash洗；clean打扫；open打开。根据“He told them to...the city gates and sent them to clean the roads.”可知，他吩咐他们打开城门，故选D。 20．句意：这些人不明白诸葛亮的要求，但诸葛亮告诉他们不要担心，他已经秘密派遣了许多士兵去参加即将到来的战争。 worry担心；care关心；fight打架；shout大叫。根据“but Zhuge told them not to...and he had secretly sent many soldiers around to fight the coming war”可知，诸葛亮告诉他们不要担心，故选A。 21．句意：然而，当他们到达时，看到敞开的大门，空荡荡的街道，只有几个做清洁工的老兵，他们就怀疑了，没有进入这个城市。 helpful有帮助的；doubtful怀疑的；joyful有趣的；hopeful有希望的。根据“they became...and didn’t enter the city”可知，诸葛亮的做法引起怀疑，故选B。 22．句意：司马懿认为这是一个诡计，因为诸葛一生没有做过什么不确定的计划，他的话不能轻易相信。 trick把戏；game游戏；quiz竞赛；joke玩笑。根据“Sima Yi believed it was a...since Zhuge had never taken any unsure plans in his life”可知，司马懿认为这是一个诡计，故选A。 23．句意：司马懿认为这是一个诡计，因为诸葛一生没有做过什么不确定的计划，他的话不能轻易相信。 kindly友善地；slowly缓慢地；easily容易地；happily开心地。根据“his words couldn’t be...trusted”可知，司马懿认为诸葛亮的话不能轻易相信，故选C。 24．句意：诸葛亮派赵云去攻打敌人，并且他马上就回了自己的国家。 gate大门；heart心；city城市；enemy敌人。根据“Zhuge Liang sent Zhao to attack the...”可知，诸葛亮派赵云去攻打敌人，故选D。 25．句意：当他第二次前往西城时，他遇到了赵云，并被打败。 fooled愚弄；shaken摇动；beaten打败；killed杀。根据“he met Zhao Yun and was...”可知，司马懿遇到了赵云，并被打败。故选C。 3、 阅读理解 (共两节，满分35分) 第1节 阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从26-40各题所给的A、B、C、D项中，选出最佳选项。 A When talking about fishing in China, Jiang Tai Gong is very likely to be the first name that would come to people’s mind. The story happened in the late years of the Shang dynasty. Jiang Tai Gong once served the king of Shang dynasty, and began to hate him for tyranny from the bottom of heart. Jiang Tai Gong was a genius in military tactics and government management. He lived near the Weihe River about 3,000 years ago. The area was the feudal estate of Count Ji Chang. Jiang Tai Gong knew Ji Chang was very ambitious, so he hoped to get Ji’s attention. He often went fishing at the Weihe River, but he would fish in an unusual way. He hung a straight fishhook, without bait, three feet above the water. Lookers-on were curious about it, and Jiang Tai Gong explained, “I would like to take honestly rather than to ask for with the knees down. I fish not for the fish but for the nobility (高贵).” Later words traveled to Count Ji. He sent a soldier to invite him. Jiang Tai Gong ignored the solider, going on with fishing, and was talking to himself, “Fishing, fishing, no fish has been hooked. A shrimp is up to mischief (恶作剧).” The soldier reported this back to Ji Chang, who became more interested in this man. Then, Count Ji sent an official to invite him. It didn’t work. Finally Ji Chang realized Jiang may be a genius, so he went to invite Jiang Tai Gong himself. Jiang saw his sincerity and honesty and finally decided to work for him. In the end, Jiang Tai Gong helped Count Ji and his offspring build a great power and build  Zhou dynasty — a great dynasty. Today, people use the old idiom There are always fish willing to be caught by angler Jiang Taigong to describe someone who willingly falls in a trap or does something no matter what the result is. This idiom has been passed on from generation to generation. To some degree, it could be regarded as a part of Chinese philosophy. 26．Why did Jiang Tai Gong give up serving the king of Shang Dynasty? A．Because Jiang was too old to serve the king. B．Because the king treated his people rudely. C．Because Jiang was an ambitious person. D．Because the king didn’t need Jiang any more. 27．How did Jiang Tai Gong fish? A．He fished with a straight hook in the water. B．He fished without bait above the water. C．He fished with bait to plead for fish. D．He fished with a usual fishhook without bait. 28．What does the underlined part “a shrimp” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．a kind of animal B．a small fish C．the soldier D．the official 29．Which of the followings can we use the idiom to describe? A．Linda, who still trusts people that tell lies B．Annie, who is always willing to help others C．Leo, who enjoys setting taps for others D．Tommy, who does things after thinking twice 【答案】26．B 27．B 28．C 29．A 【导语】本文主要通过姜子牙的故事来解释了一个词语“姜太公钓鱼，愿者上钩”。 26．细节理解题。根据“Jiang Tai Gong once served the king of Shang dynasty, and began to hate him for tyranny from the bottom of heart.”可知姜太公放弃为商朝国王效力是因为商王对待人们很残暴。故选B。 27．细节理解题。根据“He hung a straight fishhook, without bait, three feet above the water.”可知他在水面上钓鱼，没有诱饵。故选B。 28．词义猜测题。根据“He sent a soldier to invite him. Jiang Tai Gong ignored the solider, going on with fishing, and was talking to himself, ‘Fishing, fishing, no fish has been hooked. A shrimp is up to mischief.’ ”可知此处指没有等到要等的人，等来了一个士兵，a shrimp在此处指代上文提到的士兵。故选C。 29．推理判断题。根据“Today, people use the old idiom There are always fish willing to be caught by angler Jiang Taigong to describe someone who willingly falls in a trap or does something no matter what the result is.”可知“姜太公钓鱼，愿者上钩”用来描述那些无论结果如何都愿意落入陷阱或做某事的人。琳达依旧信任撒谎的人，这个成语可以用来描述她。故选A。 B Do you compare yourself to other people? Perhaps your best friend receives something you really want, or you’re not allowed to go to a concert but your brother or sister is. Even though comparisons are common and can sometimes be helpful, focusing (专注) on your own progress is important for your happiness. “We often compare ourselves to others who are doing better or not as well as ourselves.” says Dr. Jack. “But I suggest comparing yourself to your past self and your future self. This can make you feel proud of what you’ve achieved and excited about what you might do. Focusing on your own purposes is more worthwhile than always trying to come out on top.” Comparing yourself to those around you is natural and we often do it without realizing it. It can help us to be clear about our achievements and to form friendships with new people who have similar interests. However, it's important to remember that nobody is perfect in real life. It’s also important to take note of how the comparison is making you feel. “If you begin to feel quite low, focus on your own strengths.” says Jack. In other words, you can ask yourself questions like “What can I do well in?”, which can help you trust yourself. Maybe here you are wondering “What if all my friends are better than me?”. Dr. White says that jealousy (妒忌) is not bad but focusing on your own work can help you feel just as successful. He also mentions that learning to celebrate your friends’ success can not only help to cheer your friends up but also help you feel good. It will encourage you to build each other up. 30．What does the writer tell us in Paragraph 1? A．We should compare with others. B．We should share things with brothers. C．We should enjoy concerts with sisters. D．We should focus on our own progress. 31．Why should you compare yourself to your past self? A．To care about others. B．To change your purposes. C．To increase your excitement. D．To be proud of your achievements. 32．What does the underlined phrase “your own strengths” probably mean in Paragraph 3? A．what you’re good at B．what you’ve understood C．what you’re crazy about D．what you’ve experienced 33．What does Dr. White suggest? A．Trusting your friends. B．Cheering on tiny success. C．Celebrating others’ success. D．Forming a deep friendship. 【答案】30．D 31．D 32．A 33．C 【导语】本文建议我们不要与别人比较，要专注于自己。 30．细节理解题。根据“Even though comparisons are common and can sometimes be helpful, focusing (专注) on your own progress is important for your happiness.”可知，尽管比较很常见，有时也有帮助，但关注自己的进步对你的快乐很重要。故选D。 31．细节理解题。根据“But I suggest comparing yourself to your past self and your future self. This can make you feel proud of what you’ve achieved and excited about what you might do”可知，把自己和过去的自己进行比较，会让你对自己所取得的成就感到自豪。故选D。 32．词句猜测题。分析“‘If you begin to feel quite low, focus on your own strengths’ says Jack. In other words, you can ask yourself questions like ‘What can I do well in?’, which can help you trust yourself”可知，如果你开始感觉很低落，关注自己的优势，找到自己的优势，可以帮助你信任自己。your own strengths指的是优势。故选A。 33．细节理解题。根据“He also mentions that learning to celebrate your friends’ success can not only help to cheer your friends up but also help you feel good. It will encourage you to build each other up.”可知，怀特博士建议学会庆祝朋友的成功不仅能让你的朋友高兴起来，也能让你感觉良好，它会鼓励你们互相帮助。故选C。 C Some of the benefits of social media are unquestionable, such as the abilities to quickly connect with long-lost friends and keep in touch with family members from afar. However, according to a study conducted by the photo-sharing app Flashgap, millennials (千禧一代) are so addicted to social media that their real-time relationships are affected. The results have been confirmed by later studies. The study found that 87% of millennials are so busy surfing the Internet that they have completely missed out on face-to-face conversations. 54% worry that they will be left out if they don’t check theInternet quite often. And 76% of females check their social media accounts at least 10 times while socializing with their friends. A study conducted this year shows that 42% of those who use social media admit to feeling jealous (妒忌的) when their blog posts don’t receive as many “likes” as their friends’. Posts and reactions to them can also make people feel less confident. Earlier this year, a number of millennials came together and discussed the influence of social media on their lives. Tedi Gilmartin, one of them, reported feeling really sad about her life because she saw her friends travelling and thought she should be doing that too. But for all the negative effects on people’s emotional well-being and relationships, there are some benefits. Gesell, for one, found that visiting social media sites inspired him to lose weight. All in all, different people have different views about social media. Some think they’re able to communicate with more people now than ever. Others think even with emojis, posts cannot convey some subtle (微妙的) ge stural clues that can be found in face-to-face conversations. These misunderstandings can lead to negative reactions and even the end of some relationships. There is obviously a healthy balance, but as social media takes over more and more of our lives, its more negative effects may appear. 34．Why does the writer mention Flashgap at the beginning of the passage? A．To sell a kind of social software. B．To prove the popularity of social media. C．To stress the importance of social media. D．To present social media’s negative effects. 35．What does the writer want to show by the numbers in Paragraph 2? A．Females like surfing the Internet more than males. B．Social media is making millennials less social. C．Millennials keep track of news updates every day. D．Chatting online is more convenient than chatting face to face. 36．What effect of social media is stressed in Paragraph 3? A．Leading to negative emotions and mind. B．Enabling people to forget upsetting things. C．Recording interesting stories during journeys. D．Causing misunderstandings between friends. 37．What’s the writer’s attitude towards social media? A．Critical. B．Positive. C．Worried. D．Uncertain. 【答案】34．D 35．B 36．A 37．C 【导语】本文介绍了不同的人对社交媒体有不同的看法。 34．细节理解题。根据“However, according to a study conducted by the photo-sharing app Flashgap, millennials (千禧一代) are so addicted to social media that their real-time relationships are affected.”可知，作者在文章的开头提到Flashgap是为了呈现社交媒体的负面影响。故选D。 35．细节理解题。根据“The study found that 87% of millennials are so busy surfing the Internet that they have completely missed out on face-to-face conversations.”可知，社交媒体正在降低千禧一代的社交能力。故选B。 36．段落大意题。根据“A study conducted this year shows that 42% of those who use social media admit to feeling jealous (妒忌的) when their blog posts don’t receive as many “likes” as their friends’.”可知，第3段强调了社交媒体的作用是导致负面情绪和思想。故选A。 37．观点态度题。根据“There is obviously a healthy balance, but as social media takes over more and more of our lives, its more negative effects may appear.”可推知，作者对社交媒体的态度是担心的。故选C。 D Most great people are also famous people, but famous people may not be great people. A great person is someone who is always willing to give his or her life to others. Read the information below to learn about four great people. Sun Yat-sen (1866—1925), China He was the founder of the Republic of China in 1911 after many years’ fighting. He was a fighter throughout his life for the freedom of the Chinese people. He is called the “Father of the Nation”. Nelson Mandela (1918—2013), South Africa He fought for black people and was in prison for nearly thirty years. He helped black people get the same rights (权利) as white people. He served as the president of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was the first black president of South Africa. Neil Armstrong (1930—2012), USA He was the first man to land on the Moon in July 1969. “That's one small step for a man, one big leap (跳跃) for mankind,” he said. Norman Bethune (1890—1943), Canada Born in Canada but died in China, he was a great doctor fighting against the German Nazis and Japanese invaders (侵略者) during World War Ⅱ. He worked very hard for the Chinese people and saved many Chinese soldiers. 38．When did Nelson Mandela get out of prison? A．In 1969. B．In 1994. C．In 1999. D．It’s not mentioned. 39．Why is Nelson Mandela a great man? A．He was the first man to land on the Moon. B．He was the founder of the first Republic of South Africa. C．He helped black people get the same rights as white people. D．He fought against American invaders during World War II. 40．Which of the following is true according to the article? A．Man landed on the Moon for the first time in July 1969. B．Nelson Mandela fought all his life for the freedom of the Chinese people. C．Famous people are all willing to help others. D．Famous people must be great people. 【答案】38．D 39．C 40．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了四位伟人。 38．细节理解题。根据“Nelson Mandela (1918—2013), South Africa”和“He fought for black people and was in prison for nearly thirty years.”可知，文章并没有说他什么时候入狱的，也没有说什么时候出狱的，只提到了在监狱中待了近30年。故选D。 39．细节理解题。根据“He helped black people get the same rights (权利) as white people.”可知，因为他帮助黑人获得和白人一样的权利。故选C。 40．细节理解题。根据“He was the first man to land on the Moon in July 1969.”可知，1969年7月，人类首次登上月球。故选A。 第2节 阅读填空（ 每小题1分，共5分） 阅读短文及文后A～E选项，选出可以填入1～5各题空白处的最佳选项。 Kites were once called zhiyuan in North China and yaozi in South China. The name fengzheng came into use during the Five Dynasties. 41 He once tied a whistle (哨子) made of bamboo to the upper (上面的) part of his kite so that a zheng sound was made when he was flying the kite. The word for wind is feng, so fengzheng came into use. Who invented the kite? 42 But it’s widely believed that the earliest kite in the world was made by Mo Di who lived about 2,400 years ago. He spent three years making a “bird” with wood and successfully flew it. The “bird” was later regarded as the first kite in the world. Later, he passed his kite-making skills on to his student Lu Ban. Lu Ban improved on kite-making. 43 Kite-flying became a kind of activity probably in the Tang Dynasty. 44 Later, the paper-made kite was invented. Paper-made kites were cheaper to make and then they spread quickly among the common people. 45 The well-known British scientist, Dr. Needham, once described kites as an important invention that spread to Europe from China in his book. A．As time went on, kites flew to different countries in the world. B．He made a kite out of bamboo and it flew into the air for as long as three days. C．There are so many different opinions that it’s difficult to decide which one is right. D．According to a history book, Li Ye, who lived in the Five Dynasties, used to make and fly kites. E．At that time, only the members of the imperial family (皇族) and people of the highest class flew kites. 【答案】41．D 42．C 43．B 44．E 45．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了风筝的相关情况，风筝起源于中国，在南北方有不同的名字，风筝被广泛认为是墨翟发明，鲁班改造，在唐朝成为一种娱乐活动，传播到西方后，产生了广泛的影响。 41．根据前文“The name fengzheng came into use during the Five Dynasties.”和后文“He once tied a whistle (哨子) made of bamboo...”可知此处与某个五代的人物相关，选项D“根据史书，生活在五代的李邺，曾经制作并放飞风筝”与前文五代人物相关。故选D。 42．根据后文“But it’s widely believed that the earliest kite in the world was made by Mo Di…”可知关于谁发明了风筝并没有定论，选项C“有很多种不同观点，并且很难确定谁是对的”与后文内容相呼应。故选C。 43．根据前文“Lu Ban improved on kite-making.”可知鲁班改进了风筝，风筝飞得更久了，选项B“他用竹子做了风筝，并让风筝在天上飞了三天”是描述鲁班如何改进风筝的。故选B。 44．根据后文“Paper-made kites were cheaper to make and then they spread quickly among the common people.”可知在纸风筝发明前，普通人负担不起风筝，选项E“那时，只有皇族成员和高阶级的人放风筝”说明当时没有普通人放风筝。故选E。 45．根据后文“The well-known British scientist, Dr. Needham, once described kites as an important invention that spread to Europe from China in his book.”可知本段描述的是风筝传播到其他国家的事情，选项A“随着时间推移，风筝传播到了不同的国家”符合语境。故选A。 第二部分 非选择题 四、写作部分 第一节、语篇填词（每小题1分，共5分） There are many interesting stories about Confucius and his students. Confucius is known as a famous educator all over the world as he provided the poor people with chances to be educated. He left a large number of famous sayings. Though he was very great, he couldn’t do the correct things all the time and sometimes he might also make a m 46 . Once Confucius and his students passed through the State of Chen and Cai on their way to the State of Chu (楚国). They were not allowed to leave for Chu because the two states worried that Confucius might j 47 in the State of Chu and help them become stronger. Confucius and his students didn’t have any food for seven days and they were r 48 hungry. Luckily, his student Yan Hui got some rice and cooked it. When the food was almost ready, Confucius saw Yan Hui taking out something from the pot. Later, when Yan Hui i 49 his teacher to have the meal, Confucius said, “Food should be given to the old first, shouldn’t it? Why did you taste the rice first?” Yan Hui answered politely, “I am afraid I am misunderstood. When I saw some dirt fall into the pot, I tried to pick out the dirty rice and ate it up.” Confucius sighed and said, “As an old saying goes, seeing is believing, but it isn’t always true. We can’t depend on our eyes too much. I feel a 50 of my behaviour(行为).” 【答案】46．(m)istake 47．(j)oin 48．(r)eally 49．(i)nvited 50．(a)shamed 【导语】本文主要讲述了孔子和他的学生颜回之间的故事，告诉人们一个道理——眼见不一定为实。 46．句意：虽然他很伟大，但他不能总是做正确的事情，有时他也会犯错误。根据“he couldn’t do the correct things all the time and sometimes he might also make a”以及首字母提示可知，此处表示有时也会犯错误，make a mistake意为“犯错误”。故填(m)istake。 47．句意：他们不被允许去楚国，因为这两个国家担心孔子会加入楚国，帮助他们变得更强大。根据“Confucius might…in the State of Chu”以及首字母提示可知，此处表示孔子会加入楚国，join意为“加入”，空前might为情态动词，后加动词原形。故填(j)oin。 48．句意：孔子和他的学生七天没有吃任何东西，他们真的很饿。根据“they were…hungry”以及首字母提示可知，此处表示他们真的很饿，应用副词修饰形容词hungry，因此用really，副词，意为“真的”。故填(r)eally。 49．句意：后来，当颜回邀请老师吃饭时，孔子说:“食物应该先给老人，不是吗？为什么你先尝米饭？”根据“when Yan Hui…his teacher to have the meal”以及首字母提示可知，此处表示颜回邀请老师吃饭，invite，动词，意为“邀请”，此处时态为一般过去时，因此用invited。故填(i)nvited。 50．句意：孔子叹了口气说：“俗话说，眼见为实，但并不总是正确的。我们不能太依赖我们的眼睛。我为自己的行为感到羞愧。”根据“Confucius said, ‘Food should be given to the old first, shouldn’t it? Why did you taste the rice first?’ …When I saw some dirt fall into the pot, I tried to pick out the dirty rice and ate it up.”以及首字母提示可知，此处表示我为自己的行为感到羞愧，空前feel后应用形容词作表语，因此用ashamed，形容词作表语，意为“羞愧的”。故填(a)shamed。 第二节、完成句子 （ 每小题2分，共10分） 51．因为偷了一副名画，他被送进监狱。 He for stealing a famous painting. 【答案】 was sent to prison 【详解】be sent to prison“被送进监狱”，时态是一般过去时，主语是he，be动词用was，故填was；sent；to；prison。 52．永庆坊充满岭南文化。 Yongqing Fang Lingnan culture. 【答案】 is full of/ is filled with 【详解】be full of/be filled with“充满”，固定搭配，此句是一般现在时，主语是单数形式，be动词用is，故填 is full of/ is filled with。 53．经理说他对自己团队的工作一点也不满意。 The manager said that he wasn't his team’s work . 【答案】 satisfied /pleased/happy with at all 【详解】be satisfied/pleased/happy with“对……满意”；not…at all表示“一点也不”，故填satisfied/pleased/happy with；at all。 54．确保午饭之前你们能到达那里。 you can get there before lunch. 【答案】 Make sure that 【详解】“make sure that +句子”意为“确保……”，该句为祈使句，故动词应用原形make，且位于句首首字母应大写，故填Make；sure；that。 55．她往杯子里倒了太多水，以至于水都溢出来了。 She  poured much  water  into   the  cup the  water    . 【答案】 so that spilled/ran over 【详解】根据语境并结合英文可知，本句考查so...that...“如此……以至于……”引导的结果状语从句；so much表示“如此多，太多”；spill over/run over表示“溢出”，由“poured”可知，时态是一般过去时，所以应用动词过去式。故填so；that；spilled/ran；over。 第三节、书面表达（15分） 56．根据下面的提示，以“My hero—Florence Nightingale”为题介绍你心目中的英雄——佛罗伦斯·南丁格尔。 1. 佛罗伦斯·南丁格尔是一位著名的英国护士，也是现代护理学的创始人(founder of modern nursing)。 2. 她出生于1920年5月12日。 3. 1851年，她被训练为护士。三年后，她去了英国军事医院 (a British military hospital) 以便她能帮助治疗英国士兵。她努力保持医院清洁，从而挽救了士兵的生命。 4. 在1856年当她回到英国时，她成了民族英雄。 5. 南丁格尔写了几本关于护理的书，她还创办了一所培训护士的学校。 6. 1910年8月13日，她在伦敦去世。 注意事项： 1. 短文词数：80左右。 2. 短文必须包含以上内容，但可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 3. 文中不得出现真实的人名和地名。 My hero—Florence Nightingale ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文： My hero—Florence Nightingale Have you heard of Florence Nightingale? She is the only hero in my heart. She is a famous British nurse and the founder of modern nursing. She was born on 12th May 1820. In 1851, she was trained as a nurse. Three years later, she went to a British military hospital so that she could help British soldiers. She worked hard to make the hospital clean and save soldiers’ lives. When she returned to Britain in 1856, she became a national hero. Nightingale wrote several books about nursing, and she also started a school to train nurses. She died in London on 13th August, 1910. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇材料作文； ②时态：以“一般过去时”为主； ③提示：写作提示已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏要点信息，可适当发挥，确保上下文连贯。 [写作步骤] 第一步，总体介绍人物； 第二部，根据提示材料内容，按时间顺序，具体介绍人物事迹。 [亮点词汇] ①be trained as 被训练为 ②work hard 努力工作 ③save one’s life 拯救某人的生命 [高分句型] ①Three years later, she went to a British military hospital so that she could help British soldiers.  (so that引导目的状语从句) ②She worked hard to make the hospital clean and save soldiers’ lives.  (不定式做目的状语) 答案第10页，共10页 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$