精品解析：上海市浦东新区东昌中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题

2023 学年第二学期英语学科期末考试卷 考生注意： 1.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。 2.答卷前，务必用钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸正面清楚填写班级、姓名、准考证号。 3.考试时间：90分钟。 Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension (20%) Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. At 7:15. B. At 8:05. C. At 7:50. D. At 9:00. 2. A. Unconcerned. B. Surprised. C. Doubtful. D. Delighted. 3 A. He is rather disappointed. B. He can’t accept the result. C. He knows his own limitation. D. He doesn’t care for a promotion. 4. A. She wants to get some sleep. B. She is to prepare a presentation. C. She is to attend a chemistry class. D. She is troubled by her sleep problem. 5. A. Get more food and drinks. B. Invite more people. C. Prepare for a party. D. Tidy up the place. 6. A. Take a taxi to the zoo. B. Walk to the zoo. C. Cross the street. D. Wait for the bus. 7. A. She moved to Washington when she was young. B. She will show the man around Washington. C. She will ask someone else to help the man. D. She can provide little useful information. 8. A. He can speak French. B. He can read French books. C. He knows nothing about French. D. He knows both English and French. 9. A. She showed no interest in any news about exams at all. B. She couldn’t believe that the news about James was true. C. She felt sorry for James’ being caught cheating by teachers. D. She thought James shouldn’t have cheated in the final exam. 10. A. The article was actually longer. B. The article was not good enough. C. His publishing career has just begun. D. The newspaper printed his other article. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Kids shouldn’t go to public pools until 6 months old. B Parents should teach kids to swim as soon as possible. C. Parents should take courses about how to be lifeguards. D. Kids shouldn’t be left alone in the pool until 16 years old. 12. A. They can find more ways to enjoy their life. B. They may be able to tell what is dangerous in a pool. C. They have more chances to be saved if there is any danger. D. They will learn to swim sooner than those who don’t like water. 13. A. Teachers. B. Lifeguards. C. Kids. D. Parents. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. To examine the life cycle of pests. B. To explain how corn plants develop. C. To describe ways pests can damage plants. D. To describe how a natural pesticide works. 15 A. Pests chewing on its leaves. B. Pesticides covering its leaves. C. Bees laying eggs on its leaves. D. Knives cutting its leaves. 16. A. By flying in circles around a field. B. By detecting a chemical signal. C. By noticing the pest’s shape. D. By inspecting individual corn leaves. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. He wants to drop her course. B. He is unable to attend her class. C. He wants to hand in his assignment. D. He wants to deliver something to her office. 18. A. Find out about a course. B. See an advisor. C. Drop off a paper. D. Go to a meeting. 19. A. Paint a landscape. B. Give an oral report. C. Take a final exam. D. Buy several books. 20. A. Change his major. B. Meet with her tomorrow. C. Discuss the class with his roommate. D. Come to her office before her meeting. Ⅱ. Grammar and vocabulary (30%) Section A (10%) Directions: Choose the best answer to fill in the blank. 1. The manager had fallen asleep where he __________, without undressing. A. had laid B. was lying C. was laying D. had lied 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：经理在他当时躺着的地方睡着了，没脱衣服。lie躺，其过去式，过去分词和现在分词是lay-lain-lying；lie撒谎，其过去式，过去分词和现在分词是lied-lied-lying；lay放置，产卵，其过去式，过去分词和现在分词是laid-laid-laying。根据had fallen asleep可知，此处应是“躺”的意思。根据句意可知，本句是在说经理睡着时一直躺在那里，所以应用过去进行时，表示过去一段时间内正在发生的事情。故选B项。 2. Mr Zhang is said __________ in American now, but I don’t know which state he is in. A. to have studied B. having studied C. to be studying D. to study 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：据说张先生现在正在美国学习，但我不知道他在哪个州。sb. be said to do sth.“据说某人做某事”，所以空处应用不定式形式，且根据时间状语now可知，留学这一动作正在进行，空处应用动词不定式的进行式。故选C项。 3. The visitors came to the railway station, only __________ that the train had left. A. to tell B. to be told C. told D. being told 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：游客们来到火车站，却被告知火车已经开走了。该句谓语是came，且无连词，空处应用非谓语动词作结果状语。根据句意可知，此处表示意想不到的结果，应用“only+to do”结构。又因动词tell与其逻辑主语The visitors之间是被动关系，故应用动词不定式的被动式to be told。故选B项。 4. He was speaking to his chemistry teacher __________ I saw him. A. for the first time B. the first time C. the first time when D. when the first time 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查连词。句意：我第一次见到他时，他正在和他的化学老师说话。the first time第一次，为名词性短语作连词，引导时间状语从句。for the first time“第一次”是介词短语，不能用作连词。C项中the first time为先行词，when引导定语从句，此处不是定语从句。D项中when the first time，引导时间状语从句无需加when。故选B项。 5. You’d better take something to read when you go to see a doctor __________ you have to wait. A. as if B. even if C. so that D. in case 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查连词。句意：你去看医生的时候最好带点东西看，以防你要等。A. as if好像；B. even if即使；C. so that以便，为了；D. in case免得，以防。根据前后语义可知，此处表达“以防你要等”的意思。故选D项。 6. She is no longer the sweet girl __________ she used to be. A. what B. who C. that D. when 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她不再是以前那个甜美的女孩了。定语从句修饰先行词girl，在从句作表语，可用that也可省略。故选C。 7. Their school is built __________ there was a big rice field. A. what B. where C. in which D. which 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查地点状语从句。句意：他们的学校建在曾经是一片大稻田的地方。根据Their school is built和there was a big rice field可知，空后表示地点，所以此处应用where引导地点状语从句。故选B项。 8. With the fast development of agriculture, the people ________ village I taught before had lived a happy life. A. who B. whose C. in whose D. in which 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：随着农业的快速发展，我以前教过的村子里的人过上了幸福的生活。本题定语从句的先行词是the people，修饰名词village前面做定语，应用关系代词whose，表示“在村里”应用介词in，in whose village在定语从句中作地点状语。故选C。 9. The president stood up, __________ a friendly smile and began to make a speech. A. to give B. giving C. gave D. given 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：总统站起来，友好地笑了笑，开始演讲。根据stood和and began可知，此处描述过去的事实，应用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。空处应用gave，与stood和began并列作谓语。故选C项。 10. There are cases __________ speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. A. why B. which C. where D. as 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：有些情况下，一个孩子开始说话的时间很晚，但最终却具有高智商。分析句子结构可知，空处引导的是限制性定语从句。先行词是cases，是含地点意义的抽象名词，定语从句speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ中缺少地点状语，应用关系副词where引导从句，在从句中作地点状语。故选C项。 Section B (10%) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Number of Steps a Day It Takes to Cut Risk of Early Death New research suggests exactly how many steps you need to take each day to reduce the risk of heart disease and early death. If you ___11___ (fail) in your pursuit of walking 10,000 steps a day — researchers have some good news for you. They found walking up to 10,000 steps a day reduces these risks. The lowest risk of early death was ___12___ people who took 9,000 to 10,500 steps a day. When it came to avoiding heart attack, people ___13___ (manage) around 9,700 steps a day had the lowest risks. Experts have previously found people who spend a lot of time sitting while awake are more likely ___14___ (suffer) an early death and develop heart disease. It has been unclear ___15___ walking can balance out the effects of sitting down for most of the day — until now. A study, published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, analysed data from 72,174 people ___16___ (age) around 61 from UK. Participants wore a device for seven days to measure their exercise levels. After a seven-year follow-up, 1,633 deaths and 6,190 cardiovascular (心脏血管的) events, such as heart attack, were recorded. The results showed any amount of daily steps above 2,200 a day were linked to lower death and heart disease —___17___ the rest of the day was spent being inactive. Julie Ward, a senior nurse in the U.K., said, “We encourage people to stay active for ___18___ heart and circulatory health by doing 150 minutes of moderate exercise a week. “This can be any activity ___19___ fits into your lifestyle, such as taking regular walking breaks away from your computer screen, going to the gym, enjoying exercise classes, or even getting off the bus one stop ___20___ (early) to get more steps in.” 【答案】11. fail##have failed 12. among##in##for 13. managing 14. to suffer 15. whether 16. aged 17. even if##even though 18. their 19. that 20. earlier 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究，该研究表明每天走多少步可以降低早逝的风险。 【11题详解】 考查时态、主谓一致。句意：如果你每天走一万步的目标失败了，研究人员给你带来了好消息。根据句意及a day可知，故时态用一般现在时，且主语为you，故谓语fail“失败”用动词原形；或者fail这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，句子时态应用现在完成时，又因主语是you，所以助动词用have。故填fail或have failed。 【12题详解】 考查介词。句意：早死风险最低的在那些每天走9000到10500步的人中。根据句意可知，表示“在……中”，且是很多人当中，用介词among或in。或者翻译为“对应，对”，用介词for。故填among或in或for。 【13题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在避免心脏病发作方面，每天走9700步左右的人风险最低。本句谓语为had，此处为非谓语动词，且people与manage“完成”为主动关系，应用现在分词，作定语，修饰people。故填managing。 【14题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：专家们此前发现，醒着时长时间坐着人更容易早死和患心脏病。be likely to do sth.“有可能做某事”，应用suffer“（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦，受难”的不定式。故填to suffer。 【15题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：直到现在，人们还不清楚走路是否能抵消一天中大部分时间坐着的影响。分析句子结构可知，It为形式主语，本空引导主语从句，从句缺少“是否”的含义，应用whether引导。故填whether。 【16题详解】 考查形容词。句意：发表在《英国运动医学杂志》上的一项研究分析了来自英国的72174名61岁左右的人的数据。表示“年龄为……岁的”，所以用形容词aged构成形容词短语作后置定语，故填aged。 【17题详解】 考查让步状语从句。句意：结果显示，每天超过2200步的步数与降低死亡率和心脏病有关——即使一天中剩下的时间都不活动。根据句意可知此处引导让步状语从句，表示“即使”，故填even if/even though。 【18题详解】 考查形容词性物主代词。句意：我们鼓励人们每周进行150分钟的适度运动，以保持心脏和循环系统的健康。放在名词前面，所以用形容词性物主代词their“他们的”，故填their。 【19题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：这可以是任何适合你生活方式的活动，比如离开电脑屏幕定期散步，去健身房，参加健身课程，甚至提前一站下车多走几步。分析句子结构可知，本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是activity，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，前面有any修饰，应用关系代词that引导。故填that。 【20题详解】 考查副词比较级。句意：这可以是任何适合你生活方式的活动，比如离开电脑屏幕定期散步，去健身房，参加健身课程，甚至提前一站下车多走几步。根据句意可知此处为“早些时候”，所以用副词early的比较级作状语，故填earlier. Section C (10%) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. topic B. developed C. arguably D. increasingly E. repeated F. events G. shares H. individual I. influenced J. appeals K. literary Poetry is a kind of writing in which the sound and meaning of groups of words express ideas or emotion in addition to the experiences or strong feelings the writer ___21___. Unlike most other forms of writing, poetry is often written in lines, rather than paragraphs. Poetry also sounds different from other forms of writing, often using rhythm and rhyme to create an interesting sound when read aloud. Poetry catches the attention of a reader because it ____22____ to both emotions and senses. Sound is ____23____ the single most important aspect of any poem. The sound that any given word makes, or the sounds that come from specific groups of words used together, are what make poetry so unique as a form of writing. A typical story or report does not focus on the sounds that each ____24____ word makes when read. But poems generally contain few words, so it is important that each word plays a role in making an impact on the reader. Rhythm is the flow of sounds created by successive words in a poem. When you read a poem you can often hear this ____25____ pattern, or “beat” in the sounds. This is called meter. Some of the oldest and best-known poetry in the world came from Ancient Greece. As far back as 700 BCE, poets there recited their work at public ____26____ and religious ceremonies. The great epic poems The Iliad and The Odyssey by Homer came from Greece. The Greeks eventually ____27____ Roman poets, such as Virgil, who wrote the Aeneid 30 BCE. In medieval times, poems such as Beowulf, The Divine Comedy by Dante. and The Canterbury Tales by Chaucer were written. Religion and romance became the ____28____ of choice for many poets at that time. Poetry ____29____ even more during the Renaissance period of history, an era of many great cultural achievements. This was the period during which Shakespeare, the most well-known poet, was making his mark! Needless to say, a trend had started. Poetry has continued to grow and change as a form of ____30____ expression in modern times. 【答案】21. G 22. J 23. C 24. H 25. E 26. F 27. I 28. A 29. B 30. K 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了诗歌的写作特点以及历史发展。 【21题详解】 考查动词。句意：诗歌是一种写作，在这种写作中，除了作者所共有的经历或强烈的感情之外，还通过一组词的音意来表达思想或情感。根据“the experiences or strong feelings the writer”以及句意“共享”可知应填动词share，作谓语，根据上文is可知为一般现在时，主语为单数名词，谓语用三单形式。故选G。 【22题详解】 考查动词。句意：诗歌能吸引读者的注意力，因为它既能吸引人的情感，又能吸引人的感官。根据“Poetry catches the attention of a reader”以及句意“吸引”可知应填appeal，为一般现在时，主语为it，谓语用三单形式。故选J。 【23题详解】 考查副词。句意：声音可以说是任何诗歌中最重要的一个方面。根据“the single most important aspect of any poem”以及句意“可以说”可知应填副词arguably，修饰动词。故选C。 【24题详解】 考查形容词。句意：典型的故事或报道并不关注每个单词在阅读时发出的声音。根据“word makes when read”以及句意“单词”可知应填individual，修饰名词word。故选H。 【25题详解】 考查形容词。句意：当你读一首诗的时候，你经常会听到这种重复的模式，或者声音中的“节拍”。根据“pattern, or “beat” in the sounds”以及句意“重复的”可知应填repeated，修饰名词pattern。故选E。 【26题详解】 考查名词。句意：早在公元前700年，那里的诗人就在公共活动和宗教仪式上背诵他们的作品。根据“and religious ceremonies”以及句意“活动”可知应填复数名词events，故选F。 【27题详解】 考查动词。句意：希腊人最终影响了罗马诗人，比如公元前30年写了《埃涅阿斯纪》的维吉尔。根据“such as Virgil, who wrote the Aeneid 30 BCE”以及句意“影响”可知应填动词influence，发生在过去，用一般过去时。故选I。 【28题详解】 考查名词。句意：宗教和浪漫成为当时许多诗人选择的主题。根据“Religion and romance”以及句意“主题”可知应填名词topic，作表语。故选A。 【29题详解】 考查动词。句意：诗歌在文艺复兴时期得到了更大的发展，这是一个有着许多伟大文化成就的时代。根据“an era of many great cultural achievements”以及句意“发展”可知应填动词develop，发生在过去，用一般过去时。故选B。 【30题详解】 考查形容词。句意：诗歌作为一种文学表达形式在现代继续发展和变化。根据“Poetry has continued to grow and change as a form of”以及句意“文学”可知应填形容词literary，修饰名词expression。故选K。 Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension 30% Section A (15%) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Once upon a time there lived in Germany two brothers who loved a good story — one with magic and danger, royalty and villains (恶棍). At school they met a wise man who led them to a treasure — a library of old books with tales more fascinating than any they had ever heard. ____31____, the brothers began collecting their own stories, listening to the folktales people told them. Soon they ____32____ their own treasure — a book of fairy tales that would charm millions in faraway lands for generations to come. The brothers Grimm, Jacob and Wilhelm, named their story collection Children’s and Household Tales and published it in Germany in 1812. The collection which has been translated into more than 160 languages up to now is a publishing ____33____. The stories and their characters have appeared in theatre, opera, comic books, movies, paintings, rock music, advertising and even fashion. Such ____34____ would have shocked the modest Grimms. During their lifetimes the book sold few copies in Germany. The early editions were not even ____35____ children. They had no illustrations, and scholarly footnotes took up almost as much space as the tales themselves. Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm viewed themselves as ____36____ students of folklore. They began their work at a time when Germany had been occupied by the French under Napoleon. As young scholars, the brothers Grimm began to work on the fairy tale collection in order to save the endangered oral storytelling tradition of Germany. Long before the Grimms’ time, ____37____ developed in inns, barns, and peasant homes. During winter nights, as they sat spinning wood, women kept each other company and entertained each other with tales of adventure, romance and magic. ____38____, 40 such storytellers delivered tales to the Grimms, many of them coming to their house in Kassel. Although the brothers implied that they were just ____39____ the tales, Wilhelm polished and reshaped the stories up to the final edition of 1857. In an effort to make them more _____40_____ to children and their parents, he stressed the moral of each tale and emphasized gender roles. According to the Grimms, the collection served as “a manual of _____41_____.” To this day, parents read them to their children because they approve of the lessons in the stories: keep your promises, don’t talk to strangers, work hard, obey your parents. So what _____42_____ their popularity? Some have suggested that it is because the characters are always striving for happiness. But the truth probably lies in their _____43_____. The Grimms’ tales were born out of a storytelling tradition without _____44_____ of age or culture. The brothers’ skill was to translate these into a universal style of writing that seems to mirror whatever moods or interests we bring to our _____45_____ of them. And so it was that the Grimms’ fairy tales lived happily ever after. 31. A. Inspired B. Disappointed C. Discouraged D. Relieved 32. A. estimated B. produced C. sacrificed D. stocked 33. A. medium B. partnership C. finding D. wonder 34. A. quality B. wealth C. fame D. benefit 35. A. marked as B. robbed of C. aimed at D. prevented from 36. A. intelligent B. hardworking C. peculiar D. patriotic 37. A. collection B. storytelling C. entertainment D. meeting 38. A. Besides B. Altogether C. However D. Similarly 39. A. creating B. developing C. reviewing D. recording 40. A. accustomed B. acceptable C. cruel D. compared 41. A. manners B. parentship C. publishing D. adaptation 42. A. results from B. depends on C. accounts for D. responds to 43. A. appeal B. flexibility C. availability D. origin 44. A. boundaries B. influences C. indications D. distributions 45. A. writing B. sharing C. reading D. beginning 【答案】31. A 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. C 36. D 37. B 38. B 39. D 40. B 41. A 42. C 43. D 44. A 45. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要描述了格林兄弟如何收集、编纂并最终出版《格林童话》的过程，以及这本书对后世的影响和重要性。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：受到启发，兄弟俩开始收集自己的故事，听人们讲给他们听的民间故事。A. Inspired受到启发；B. Disappointed使失望；C. Discouraged使泄气；D. Relieved使缓解。根据语境和前文“At school they met a wise man who led them to a treasure — a library of old books with tales more fascinating than any they had ever heard.”可知，在学校里，他们遇到了一位智者，他把他们带到了一个宝藏——一个装满古书的图书馆，里面的故事比他们听过的任何故事都要有趣。受到这位智者的启发，兄弟俩开始收集自己的故事。故选A项。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：很快，他们创造了自己的宝藏——一本童话故事书，将世世代代吸引着遥远国度的数百万人。A. estimated估计；B. produced制作；C. sacrificed牺牲；D. stocked存有。根据语境和后文“their own treasure — a book of fairy tales”可知，兄弟俩创造了自己的宝藏，即一本童话故事书。故选B项。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这本书至今已被翻译成160多种语言，堪称出版界的奇迹。A. medium媒体；B. partnership合作关系；C. finding发现；D. wonder奇迹。根据语境和前文“The collection which has been translated into more than 160 languages up to now”可知，这本书被翻译成160多种语言，这是出版界的奇迹。故选D项。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这样的名声会让谦虚的格林兄弟感到震惊。A. quality质量；B. wealth财富；C. fame名声；D. benefit益处。根据语境和前文“The collection which has been translated into more than 160 languages up to now is a publishing ____3____.”可知，这本书被翻译成160多种语言，堪称出版界的奇迹，这种名声让格林兄弟感到震惊。故选C项。 【35题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：早期的版本甚至不是针对儿童的。A. marked as标记为；B. robbed of抢夺；C. aimed at针对；D. prevented from阻止。根据语境和后文“They had no illustrations, and scholarly footnotes took up almost as much space as the tales themselves.”可知，书中没有插图，学术性的脚注占据了几乎和故事本身一样多的篇幅，由此可见，早期的版本并不是针对儿童的。故选C项。 【36题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：雅各布·格林和威廉·格林自认为是爱国的民俗学学生。A. intelligent聪明的；B. hardworking努力的；C. peculiar奇怪的；D. patriotic爱国的。根据语境和后文“As young scholars, the brothers Grimm began to work on the fairy tale collection in order to save the endangered oral storytelling tradition of Germany.”可知，作为年轻的学者，格林兄弟为了拯救德国濒临灭绝的口头讲故事的传统，就开始着手编写童话故事集。由此推知，他们是爱国的。故选D项。 【37题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：早在格林时代之前，讲故事就在小旅馆、谷仓和农民家里发展起来了。A. collection收藏品；B. storytelling讲故事；C. entertainment娱乐；D. meeting会议。根据语境和后文“During winter nights, as they sat spinning wood, women kept each other company and entertained each other with tales of adventure, romance and magic.”可知，在冬天的夜晚，当他们坐着纺柴时，女人们彼此作伴，用冒险、浪漫和魔法的故事来娱乐彼此。由此推知，早在格林时代之前，讲故事就发展起来了。故选B项。 【38题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：总共有40个这样的讲故事的人给格林兄弟讲故事，其中许多人去了他们在卡塞尔的家。A. Besides另外；B. Altogether总共；C. However然而；D. Similarly类似地。根据语境和后文“40 such storytellers delivered tales to the Grimms”可知，总共有40个这样的讲故事的人给格林夫妇讲故事。故选B项。 【39题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然两兄弟暗示他们只是在记录这些故事，但威廉对这些故事进行了润色和修改，直到1857年的最终版本。A. creating创造；B. developing发展；C. reviewing回顾；D. recording记录。根据语境和前文“the brothers began collecting their own stories, listening to the folktales people told them”可知，兄弟俩开始收集自己的故事，听人们讲给他们听的民间故事。由此推知，两兄弟暗示他们只是在记录这些故事。故选D项。 【40题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为了让孩子和父母更容易接受这些故事，他强调了每个故事的寓意，并强调了性别角色。A. accustomed习惯的；B. acceptable可接受的；C. cruel残酷的；D. compared比较的。根据语境和前文“They had no illustrations, and scholarly footnotes took up almost as much space as the tales themselves.”可知，书中没有插图，学术性的脚注占据了几乎和故事本身一样多的篇幅，由此推知，为了让孩子和父母更容易接受这些故事，他强调了每个故事的寓意，并强调了性别角色。故选B项。 【41题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：按照格林兄弟的说法，这本书是一本“礼仪手册”。A. manners礼仪；B. parentship为人父母；C. publishing出版；D. adaptation适应。根据语境和后文“To this day, parents read them to their children because they approve of the lessons in the stories: keep your promises, don’t talk to strangers, work hard, obey your parents.”可知，直到今天，父母还会把这些书读给孩子听，因为他们认同故事中的教训：遵守诺言，不要和陌生人说话，努力工作，听父母的话。由此推知，两兄弟说这个故事集是教给了孩子们礼仪，起到了“礼仪手册”的作用。故选A项。 【42题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：那么是什么导致了它们的流行呢？A. results from由……引起；B. depends on依靠；C. accounts for导致；D. responds to回应。根据语境和后文“Some have suggested that it is because the characters are always striving for happiness.”可知，有些人认为这是因为人物总是在为幸福而奋斗。由此推知，此处是问到底是什么导致了这些故事的流行。故选C项。 【43题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但真相可能在于它们的起源。A. appeal呼吁；B. flexibility灵活性；C. availability可用性；D. origin起源。根据语境和后文“The Grimms’ tales were born out of a storytelling tradition”可知，格林兄弟的故事诞生于一个讲故事的传统，因此这些故事流行的原因在于它们的起源。故选D项。 【44题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：《格林童话》诞生于一种讲故事的传统，没有年龄和文化的界限。A. boundaries界限；B. influences影响；C. indications迹象；D. distributions分布。根据语境和后文“The brothers’ skill was to translate these into a universal style of writing”可知，兄弟俩的技巧是把这些翻译成一种通用的写作风格，因此《格林童话》是没有年龄和文化的界限的。故选A项。 【45题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：兄弟俩的技巧是把这些翻译成一种普遍的写作风格，似乎反映了我们在阅读它们时所带来的任何情绪或兴趣。A. writing写；B. sharing分享；C. reading读；D. beginning开始。根据常识和后文“of them”可知，我们阅读《格林童话》里的故事。故选C项。 Section B (11%) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Charles Robert Darwin was born on 12 February 1809 in Shropshire, England. Darwin’s childhood passion was science, and his interest in chemistry, however, was clear; he was even nicknamed ‘Gas’ by his classmates. In 1825, his father sent him to study medicine at Edinburgh University, where he learned how to classify plants. Darwin became passionate about natural history and this became his focus while he studied at Cambridge. Darwin went on a voyage together with Robert Fitzroy, the captain of HMS Beagle, to South America to facilitate British trade in Patagonia. The journey was life-changing. Darwin spent much of the trip on land collecting samples of plants, animals and rocks, which helped him to develop an understanding of the processes that shape the Earth’s surface. Darwin’s analysis of the plants and animals that he gathered led him to express doubts on former explanations about how species formed and evolved over time. Darwin’s work convinced him that natural selection was key to understanding the development of the natural world. The theory of natural selection says that individuals of a species are more likely to survive when they inherit (经遗传获得) characteristics best suited for that specific environment. These features then become more widespread and can lead eventually to the development of a new species. With natural selection, Darwin argued how a wide variety of life forms developed over time from a single common ancestor. Darwin married his cousin, Emma Wedgwood, in 1839. When Darwin’s eldest daughter, Annie, died from a sudden illness in 1851, he lost his belief in God. His tenth and final child, Charles Waring Darwin, was born in 1856. Significantly for Darwin, this baby was disabled, altering how Darwin thought about the human species. Darwin had previously thought that species remained adapted until the environment changed; he now believed that every new variation was imperfect and that a struggle to survive was what drove species to adapt. Though rejected at the beginning, Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection is nowadays well accepted by the scientific community as the best evidence-based explanation for the diversity and complexity of life on Earth. The Natural History Museum’s library alone has 478 editions of his On the Origin of Species in 38 languages. 46. What made Darwin reconsider the origin and development of species? A. Examining plants and animals collected. B. His desire for a voyage to different continents. C. Classifying samples in a journey to South America. D. His passion for natural history at Edinburgh University. 47. We can learn from paragraphs 1 to 3 that Darwin ________. A. used natural selection to develop new species B. enjoyed being called nicknames related to science C. learned some knowledge about plants when studying medicine D. argued with others over the diversity of life forms for a long period 48. Which of the following changed Darwin’s view on the human species? A. That he had ten children in all. B. His youngest son’s being disabled. C. That he lost his eldest daughter. D. His marriage with Emma Wedgwood. 49. This passage is mainly about ________. A. Darwin’s passion for medical science B. Darwin’s theory and experiments C. Charles Darwin’s changing interest D. Charles Darwin’s life and work 【答案】46. A 47. C 48. B 49. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇人物传记，讲述了查尔斯·罗伯特·达尔文的生平、科学兴趣、重要理论以及他的个人生活。 【46题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第二段最后一句“Darwin’s analysis of the plants and animals that he gathered led him to express doubts on former explanations about how species formed and evolved over time. ”（达尔文对所收集的植物和动物的分析使他开始质疑过去关于物种如何形成和随时间演化的解释。）可知，达尔文对所收集的植物和动物的分析使他对物种的起源和发展产生质疑和重新审议。故选A项。 【47题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第二段第一句“In 1825, his father sent him to study medicine at Edinburgh University, where he learned how to classify plants. ”（1825年，他的父亲送他去爱丁堡大学学医，在那里他学会了如何对植物进行分类。）可推断，达尔文在学医时候了解到了关于植物的知识。故选C项。 【48题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第四段第二句和三句“His tenth and final child, Charles Waring Darwin, was born in 1856. Significantly for Darwin, this baby was disabled, altering how Darwin thought about the human species. ”（他的第十个也是最后一个孩子查尔斯·沃林·达尔文于1856年出生。对达尔文来说，这个婴儿是残疾的，这改变了达尔文对人类物种的看法。）可知，达尔文最小的孩子的先天残疾使达尔文改变了人类物种的看法。故选B项。 【49题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章前三段主要讲述了查尔斯·罗伯特·达尔文的生平、学业经历、科学兴趣对其理论形成和发展的影响。第四段讲述了他的家庭和个人生活、最后一段讲述了达尔文理论的地位和影响。因此，文章主要讲述了达尔文的生活和工作。故选D项。 (B) AAVE Camp Camp Address: 2308 Fossil Trace, Colorado 80401, USA (800)2223-3595 Since 2016, AAVE Camp has been about adventure travel, leadership and learning. AAVE inspires responsibility in teenagers. Throughout our adventures, we camp, rock climb, mountain bike, surf, sail, or study a foreign language. Most of our programs include community service projects which make a difference for our participants as well as those we meet. Wilderness Horse Camp Camp Address: PO. Box|568 Oregon 97883, USA (888) 4209-7855 Wilderness Horse Camp is a youth summer horseback riding camp. You will receive instructions on riding a horse, ride the high mountains, play in small rivers and learn how to live as they did in the old west. You’ll sleep in tents, eat western food and ride your horse all day, every day! Traditional Camp Camp Address: P. O. Box819/200, Arrowhead Rd. Hunt, Texas 78024. USA (886)6817-2173 Established in 2008, we are located on 650 beautiful acres along the clear south fork of the Guadalupe River. Our mission is to provide a safe and positive atmosphere for girls to develop confidence and talents within themselves through the many activities offered. Our specialty is FUN! Filmmaking and Acting Camp Camp Address:100 East 17thStreet, New York 10003, USA (212) 6743-4300 The New York Film Academy is a unique educational institution, devoted to providing the most focused filmmaking instruction in the world. Our workshops are intended to offer a great experience which gives students the opportunity to develop their creative skills to the fullest. 50. AAVE Camp is designed for ________. A. adventure lovers B. foreign travellers C. creative teenagers D. professional sportsmen 51. Catherine would like to develop her confidence in a safe and positive atmosphere, so she can call ________ for more information. A. (800) 2223-3595 B. (888) 4209-7855 C. (886) 6817-2173 D. (212) 6743-4300 52. Lucy’s dream is to be a film actress, so she’d probably go to ________ to attend a camp. A. Colorado B. Oregon C. Texas D. New York 【答案】50. A 51. C 52. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个夏令营的主要内容。 【50题详解】 细节理解题。根据AAVE Camp部分中“Since 2016, AAVE Camp has been about adventure travel, leadership and learning. AAVE inspires responsibility in teenagers. Throughout our adventures, we camp, rock climb, mountain bike, surf, sail, or study a foreign language.(从2016年开始，AAVE夏令营以冒险旅行、领导力和学习为主题。AAVE激发青少年的责任感。在我们的冒险中，我们露营、攀岩、骑山地自行车、冲浪、航海，或者学习一门外语。)”可知，AAVE是为冒险爱好者而设计的。故选A项。 【51题详解】 细节理解题。根据Traditional Camp部分中“Our mission is to provide a safe and positive atmosphere for girls to develop confidence and talents within themselves through the many activities offered.(我们的使命是为女孩们提供一个安全和积极的氛围，通过提供的许多活动，培养她们的自信和才能。)”以及“(886)6817-2173((886)6817 - 2173)”可知，Catherine想要在一个安全和积极的氛围中培养她的自信，所以她可以致电Traditional Camp的联系电话获取更多信息。故选C项。 【52题详解】 细节理解题。根据Filmmaking and Acting Camp部分中“The New York Film Academy is a unique educational institution, devoted to providing the most focused filmmaking instruction in the world.(纽约电影学院是一个独特的教育机构，致力于提供世界上最专注的电影制作指导。)”以及“Camp Address:100 East 17thStreet, New York 10003, USA(营地地址：100东17街，纽约10003，美国)”可知，Lucy的梦想是成为一名电影演员，所以她可能会去纽约参加一个夏令营。故选D项。 (C) “Choose your friends wisely” may not only be good parental advice but also a way to do better in college, a research study finds. The group of three researchers put that advice to the test at Berea College, a small liberal arts school in Kentucky, by looking at how much friends actually influence study habits and grades. They found that students who befriended studious (勤奋的) peers spent more hours studying themselves and posted higher grades during their freshman year. “It’s no fun to study by yourself,” said Nirav Mehta, one of the study’s authors, explaining the intuition behind the study. “If you want to goof off, and your friends are at the library, then you’re going to go to the library, too. And while you’re there, you’re probably going to get some studying done too.” Of course, it’s possible that studious people gravitate toward other studious people. They might have hit the books and got as many A’s no matter who their friends were. So the researchers checked to see if randomly assigned roommates also have a positive influence on study habits and grades. They found almost the same results: students who were assigned a studious roommate freshman year also studied more each day and had higher grade-point averages. Unfortunately, the opposite is also true, the researchers found. If you have friends and roommates who don’t study a lot, you’re likely to get dragged down by their poor habits, studying less and earning lower grades. Analyzing friends and study habits is usually difficult for researchers. But students at Berea College were asked to list their four best friends at the end of each semester and they kept careful daily logs of their time, including time spent studying. At the beginning of freshman year, the students were surveyed on their high school study habits. The researchers also had access to roommate assignments, high school grades and college grades. From this information, the economists calculated the average amount of time each student’s college friends had reported studying in high school. They found that for every additional 10 hours a week that a student’s friends had spent studying, on average, the student’s own study time in college would likely increase by almost 25 minutes a day, and the student’s own GPA would likely rise by almost a tenth of a point during freshman year. 53. The phrase “goof off” (paragraph 3) most probably means ________. A. achieve higher grades B. choose your friends C. go to the library D. be lazy about studying 54. Why did the researchers also study the randomly assigned roommates? A. To further test the theory. B. To figure out more study habits. C. To put forward a new theory. D. To get more students to work hard. 55. To carry out their research, what information did the researchers collect from students at Berea College? A. How many studious friends they have. B. How they comment on their friends’ grades. C. How much time they spent studying each day. D. How they thought of their own college grades. 56. What suggestion would the researchers most likely give college students? A. If you want to do well in study, you’d better pick a hardworking friend. B. If you want to get on well with your roommates, you’d better work hard. C. If you want to raise your GPA, you’d better keep track of your study time. D. If you want to have a happy freshman year, you’d better care less about peer effects. 【答案】53. D 54. A 55. C 56. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究人员证明，那些与勤奋的同龄人成为朋友的学生，会花更多的时间学习，并且取得更高的成绩。 【53题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“It’s no fun to study by yourself (独自学习毫无乐趣)”以及下文“and your friends are at the library, then you’re going to go to the library, too. And while you’re there, you’re probably going to get some studying done too. (而你的朋友在图书馆，那么你也要去图书馆。当你在那里的时候，你可能也要完成一些学习)”可知，独自学习没有乐趣，如果你不想学习，而这时朋友恰好在图书馆的话，你也会去，这样多少可以学点。由此猜测，goof off意为“不想学习”，与D项“be lazy about studying”意思接近。故选D。 【54题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段的“Of course, it’s possible that studious people gravitate toward other studious people. They might have hit the books and got as many A’s no matter who their friends were. So the researchers checked to see if randomly assigned roommates also have a positive influence on study habits and grades. They found almost the same results: students who were assigned a studious roommate freshman year also studied more each day and had higher grade-point averages. (当然，勤奋的人可能会被其他勤奋的人吸引。无论他们的朋友是谁，他们都可能会成功，并获得尽可能多的A。因此，研究人员检查了随机分配的室友是否也对学习习惯和成绩有积极影响。他们发现了几乎相同的结果：大一时被安排好室友的学生每天学习的次数也更多，平均成绩也更高)”推知，研究人员同时研究了随机分配的室友是为了进一步测试上文提到的理论——与勤奋的人交朋友会取得好成绩。故选A。 【55题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“But students at Berea College were asked to list their four best friends at the end of each semester and they kept careful daily logs of their time, including time spent studying. (但是Berea College的学生被要求在每个学期结束时列出他们最好的四个朋友，他们每天都仔细记录他们的时间，包括花在学习上的时间)”可知，为了进行研究，研究人员在Berea College大学收集了学生每天用多长时间学习的信息。故选C。 【56题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“From this information, the economists calculated the average amount of time each student’s college friends had reported studying in high school. They found that for every additional 10 hours a week that a student’s friends had spent studying, on average, the student’s own study time in college would likely increase by almost 25 minutes a day, and the student’s own GPA would likely rise by almost a tenth of a point during freshman year. (根据这些信息，经济学家计算出了每个学生的大学朋友报告在高中学习的平均时间。他们发现，学生的朋友平均每周多花10个小时学习，学生自己在大学的学习时间可能每天增加近25分钟，而学生自己的平均绩点可能在大一期间增加近十分之一分)”可知，研究发现如果朋友勤奋好学，那么你也会在他们的影响下变得努力，进而取得较好的成绩。由此推知，研究者最有可能给大学生的建议是：如果想在学习上取得好成绩，你最好选择一个勤奋的朋友。故选A。 Section C (4%) Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A Recipe for Avoiding Disaster Every log cabin homeowner has had those “what if” thoughts. What if conditions become so dry that a wildfire starts near my cabin? What if the rain is so relentless that the lake outside my doorstep begins to overflow its banks? What if tornado-fueled winds threaten to destroy everything I’ve created? ____57____. That’s the bad news. The good news? There are ways you can use your landscaping to minimize the damage that extreme weather can cause and still have an attractive yard all at the same time. Here are a few tips for using your outdoor resources in a way that can lessen the impact of a natural disaster on your log home: WILDFIRES: The key to keeping fires from damaging your home is regular maintenance with a focus on how fires spread. Begin by removing dead plants like trees and shrubs promptly and trimming (修剪) any branches that overhang the property or have close contact with the log walls. ____58____. It’s also a good idea to install irrigation in a 50-foot radius around your home to help create a fireproofing perimeter. FLOODS: A massive amount of flooding that leaves your house and yard in standing water is a tall order in terms of prevention strategies, but more moderate flooding can be stopped with a few simple landscaping tricks. ____59____. You can create extra drainage (排水系统) through the use of strategically placed stones and bushes that direct water away from the foundation. TORNADOES: To minimize the damage caused by the sudden gusts tornado weather brings, be sure to keep trees and shrubs trimmed. ____60____. A. The best way to begin is to grade your soil so that it slopes downward and away from your home in all directions. B. Make every effort to prevent fire spread as soon as possible. C. Never leave piles of brush or leaves near the house because they can burn easily. D. What you should do is to gather standing water to help with water absorption. E. There’s nothing you can do to prevent those extreme scenarios from happening. F. Also, check to ensure any yard ornaments (like birdbaths, pots or statues) are heavy enough to withstand the strong force. 【答案】57. E 58. C 59. A 60. F 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是一些利用户外资源减少自然灾害对你的小木屋的影响的技巧。 【57题详解】 空前说“What if conditions become so dry that a wildfire starts near my cabin? What if the rain is so relentless that the lake outside my doorstep begins to overflow its banks? What if tornado-fueled winds threaten to destroy everything I’ve created?(如果天气变得非常干燥，导致我的小屋附近发生野火怎么办？如果雨下得如此无情，以至于我门外的湖水开始溢出堤岸，那该怎么办？如果龙卷风助长的风会毁掉我创造的一切呢？)”，空后说“That’s the bad news.(这是坏消息。)”，因此空格处应说某个坏消息，E选项“There’s nothing you can do to prevent those extreme scenarios from happening.(你无法阻止这些极端情况的发生。)”中的“those extreme scenarios”指的是前面列举的一些自然灾害，且无法阻止这些情况的发生是一个坏消息，因此E选项承上启下，符合语境，故选E。 【58题详解】 空前说“Begin by removing dead plants like trees and shrubs promptly and trimming (修剪) any branches that overhang the property or have close contact with the log walls.(开始时，要及时清除死去的植物，如树木和灌木，并修剪任何悬垂或与圆木墙密切接触的树枝。)”，空后说“It’s also a good idea to install irrigation in a 50-foot radius around your home to help create a fireproofing perimeter.(在你家周围50英尺范围内安装灌溉设施也是一个好主意，可以帮助建立防火边界。)”，因此空格处应是一个防止起火的好办法，C选项“Never leave piles of brush or leaves near the house because they can burn easily.(不要在房子附近留下成堆的灌木丛或树叶，因为它们很容易燃烧。)”是一个防止植物着火的好办法，因此C选项承上启下，符合语境，故选C。 【59题详解】 空前说“A massive amount of flooding that leaves your house and yard in standing water is a tall order in terms of prevention strategies, but more moderate flooding can be stopped with a few simple landscaping tricks.(大量的洪水使你的房子和院子陷入死水中，这是一个很高的预防策略，但更温和的洪水可以通过一些简单的绿化技巧来阻止。)”，空格处就应该说这样的技巧，A选项“The best way to begin is to grade your soil so that it slopes downward and away from your home in all directions.(最好的方法是把你的土壤设定路面坡度，让它向四面八方倾斜，远离你的家。)”是一种可以阻止洪水的技巧，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选A。 【60题详解】 空前说“To minimize the damage caused by the sudden gusts tornado weather brings, be sure to keep trees and shrubs trimmed.(为了尽量减少龙卷风天气带来的突然阵风造成的损失，一定要修剪树木和灌木。)”，空格处应继续讲防止龙卷风影响的方法，F选项“Also, check to ensure any yard ornaments (like birdbaths, pots or statues) are heavy enough to withstand the strong force.(此外，检查确保任何院子里的装饰品（如水盆、罐子或雕像）都足够重，能够承受强大的力量。)”是防止台风影响的办法，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选F。 第 Ⅱ 卷 Ⅰ. Spelling (8%) Words (3%) 汉译英 61. 栖息地 ________ 62. 非凡的；显著的 ________ 63. 精致的；精细的 ________ 64. 恐龙 ________ 65. 简图；图解 ________ 66. 计算；核算 ________ 【答案】61. habitat 62. remarkable 63. delicate 64. dinosaur 65. diagram 66. calculation 【解析】 【61题详解】 考查汉译英。根据汉语提示“栖息地”可知应填名词habitat，故填habitat。 【62题详解】 考查汉译英。根据汉语提示“非凡的；显著的”可知应填形容词，故填remarkable。 【63题详解】 考查汉译英。根据汉语提示“精致的；精细的”可知应填形容词delicate，故填delicate。 【64题详解】 考查汉译英。根据汉语提示“恐龙”可知应填名词dinosaur，故填dinosaur。 【65题详解】 考查汉译英。根据汉语提示“简图；图解”可知应填名词diagram，故填diagram。 【66题详解】 考查汉译英。根据汉语提示“计算；核算”可知应填名词calculation，故填calculation。 Phrases (5%) 汉译英 67. 整容手术 ________ 68. 全新的；崭新的 ________ 69. 正在运行；正在操作 ________ 70. 在校园内 ________ 71. 试穿 ________ 【答案】67. plastic surgery 68. brand-new 69. in operation 70. on campus 71. try on 【解析】 【67题详解】 整容手术，英文表达是plastic surgery，故答案填plastic surgery。 【68题详解】 全新的；崭新的，英文表达是brand-new，故答案填brand-new。 【69题详解】 正在运行；正在操作，英文表达是in operation，故答案填in operation。 【70题详解】 在校园内，英文表达是on campus，故答案填on campus。 【71题详解】 试穿，英文表达是try on，故答案填try on。 Ⅱ. Translation (12% 2+3+3+4) 72. 他总是对自己的工作充满了热情。(enthusiasm)(汉译英) ____________________________________________________ 【答案】He is always full of enthusiasm for his work. 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词、名词和固定搭配。根据句意可知，此处描述一般事实，应用一般现在时。表示“总是”应用副词always；表示“充满”的固定搭配为be full of，形容词作表语；表示“热情”应用名词enthusiasm，作宾语；表示“对……的热情”应用固定搭配enthusiasm for…；表示“自己的工作”应用名词短语his work，应用主语是he，形容词性物主代词为his，作定语。句首字母大写，故翻译为He is always full of enthusiasm for his work。 73. 因双方都志在必得，该场比赛被证明非常艰难。(prove) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________ 【答案】With both sides determined to win, the game proved to be very difficult. 【解析】 【详解】考查with结构和固定句式。根据句意可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。“with+宾语+宾补”结构可表示原因，表示“双方”可用both sides，作介词的宾语，be determined to do表示“决心做某事”，形容词determined作宾补；表示“得”可用win；表示“因双方都志在必得”可用with both sides determined to win；表示“该场比赛”可用the game；表示“被证明”prove to do；表示“被证明非常艰难”应用prove to be very difficult。句首字母大写，故翻译为With both sides determined to win, the game proved to be very difficult. 74. 聚会上，对为了理想而奋斗的岁月的回忆似乎成为大家的共同话题。(appear) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________ 【答案】At the party, memories of the years of striving for ideals appeared to be a common topic. 【解析】 【详解】考查名词短语和固定句式。本句描述发生在过去的一般事实，用一般过去时。表示“聚会上”的介词短语为at the party；表示“回忆”的名词为memories，名词复数作主语；表示“为了理想而奋斗的岁月”可用名词短语the years of striving for ideals；表示“的”应用介词of；表示“似乎成为”固定句式appeared to be，谓语动词应用过去式，作谓语；表示“大家的共同话题”应用名词短语a common topic。句首字母大写，故翻译为At the party, memories of the years of striving for ideals appeared to be a common topic。 75. 正是在不同场合中表现出的独立、自信使他受到了同事们的认可，被委以重任。(It) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________ 【答案】It is the independence and confidence he has showed on different occasions that makes him recognized by his colleagues and entrusted with important responsibilities. 【解析】 【详解】考查强调句、定语从句和名词短语。本句描述一般事实，应用一般现在时。分析可知，本句应用“it is+强调部分+that+其他”结构的强调句，强调部分是句子主语，“独立、自信”表达为 the independence and confidence；“在不同场合中表现出的”处理为修饰“独立、自信”的定语从句，关系代词代替先行词the independence and confidence在从句中作宾语，可用关系代词 that, which引导或者省略关系代词，从句谓语动词“表现”用has showed，陈述过去的动作对现在造成的影响用现在完成时，表示“在不同场合中”应用介词短语on different occasions，名词复数occasions作宾语；因此这个主语部分翻译为the independence and confidence he has showed on different occasions；主句谓语动词“使”用 make 表达，陈述客观事实，且主语是抽象概念的名词，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，“使他受到……认可”可用 makes sb. recognized by…表达，过去分词 recognized作宾补；表达“同事们”应用名词短语his colleagues，表示“被委以重任”应用entrusted with important responsibilities，entrusted与前面recognized并列作宾补。句首字母大写，故翻译为It is the independence and confidence he has showed on different occasions that makes him recognized by his colleagues and entrusted with important responsibilities. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2023 学年第二学期英语学科期末考试卷 考生注意： 1.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。 2.答卷前，务必用钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸正面清楚填写班级、姓名、准考证号。 3.考试时间：90分钟。 Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension (20%) Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. At 7:15. B. At 8:05. C. At 7:50. D. At 9:00. 2. A. Unconcerned. B. Surprised. C. Doubtful. D. Delighted. 3 A. He is rather disappointed. B. He can’t accept the result. C. He knows his own limitation. D. He doesn’t care for a promotion. 4. A. She wants to get some sleep. B. She is to prepare a presentation. C. She is to attend a chemistry class. D. She is troubled by her sleep problem. 5. A. Get more food and drinks. B. Invite more people. C. Prepare for a party. D. Tidy up the place. 6. A. Take a taxi to the zoo. B. Walk to the zoo. C. Cross the street. D. Wait for the bus. 7. A. She moved to Washington when she was young. B. She will show the man around Washington. C. She will ask someone else to help the man. D. She can provide little useful information. 8. A. He can speak French. B. He can read French books. C. He knows nothing about French. D. He knows both English and French. 9. A. She showed no interest in any news about exams at all. B. She couldn’t believe that the news about James was true. C. She felt sorry for James’ being caught cheating by teachers. D. She thought James shouldn’t have cheated in the final exam. 10. A. The article was actually longer. B. The article was not good enough. C. His publishing career has just begun. D. The newspaper printed his other article. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Kids shouldn’t go to public pools until 6 months old. B. Parents should teach kids to swim as soon as possible. C. Parents should take courses about how to be lifeguards. D. Kids shouldn’t be left alone in the pool until 16 years old. 12. A. They can find more ways to enjoy their life. B. They may be able to tell what is dangerous in a pool. C. They have more chances to be saved if there is any danger. D. They will learn to swim sooner than those who don’t like water. 13. A. Teachers. B. Lifeguards. C. Kids. D. Parents. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. To examine the life cycle of pests. B. To explain how corn plants develop. C. To describe ways pests can damage plants. D. To describe how a natural pesticide works. 15. A. Pests chewing on its leaves. B. Pesticides covering its leaves. C. Bees laying eggs on its leaves. D. Knives cutting its leaves. 16. A. By flying in circles around a field. B. By detecting a chemical signal. C. By noticing the pest’s shape. D. By inspecting individual corn leaves. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. He wants to drop her course. B. He is unable to attend her class. C. He wants to hand in his assignment. D. He wants to deliver something to her office. 18. A. Find out about a course. B. See an advisor. C. Drop off a paper. D. Go to a meeting. 19. A. Paint a landscape. B. Give an oral report. C. Take a final exam. D. Buy several books. 20. A. Change his major. B. Meet with her tomorrow. C. Discuss the class with his roommate. D. Come to her office before her meeting. Ⅱ. Grammar and vocabulary (30%) Section A (10%) Directions: Choose the best answer to fill in the blank. 1. The manager had fallen asleep where he __________, without undressing. A. had laid B. was lying C. was laying D. had lied 2. Mr Zhang is said __________ in American now, but I don’t know which state he is in. A. to have studied B. having studied C. to be studying D. to study 3. The visitors came to the railway station, only __________ that the train had left. A. to tell B. to be told C. told D. being told 4. He was speaking to his chemistry teacher __________ I saw him. A. for the first time B. the first time C. the first time when D. when the first time 5. You’d better take something to read when you go to see a doctor __________ you have to wait. A. as if B. even if C. so that D. in case 6. She is no longer the sweet girl __________ she used to be. A. what B. who C. that D. when 7. Their school is built __________ there was a big rice field. A. what B. where C. in which D. which 8. With the fast development of agriculture, the people ________ village I taught before had lived a happy life. A. who B. whose C. in whose D. in which 9. The president stood up, __________ a friendly smile and began to make a speech. A. to give B. giving C. gave D. given 10. There are cases __________ speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. A. why B. which C. where D. as Section B (10%) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Number of Steps a Day It Takes to Cut Risk of Early Death New research suggests exactly how many steps you need to take each day to reduce the risk of heart disease and early death. If you ___11___ (fail) in your pursuit of walking 10,000 steps a day — researchers have some good news for you. They found walking up to 10,000 steps a day reduces these risks. The lowest risk of early death was ___12___ people who took 9,000 to 10,500 steps a day. When it came to avoiding heart attack, people ___13___ (manage) around 9,700 steps a day had the lowest risks. Experts have previously found people who spend a lot of time sitting while awake are more likely ___14___ (suffer) an early death and develop heart disease. It has been unclear ___15___ walking can balance out the effects of sitting down for most of the day — until now. A study, published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, analysed data from 72,174 people ___16___ (age) around 61 from UK. Participants wore a device for seven days to measure their exercise levels. After a seven-year follow-up, 1,633 deaths and 6,190 cardiovascular (心脏血管的) events, such as heart attack, were recorded. The results showed any amount of daily steps above 2,200 a day were linked to lower death and heart disease —___17___ the rest of the day was spent being inactive. Julie Ward, a senior nurse in the U.K., said, “We encourage people to stay active for ___18___ heart and circulatory health by doing 150 minutes of moderate exercise a week. “This can be any activity ___19___ fits into your lifestyle, such as taking regular walking breaks away from your computer screen, going to the gym, enjoying exercise classes, or even getting off the bus one stop ___20___ (early) to get more steps in.” Section C (10%) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. topic B. developed C. arguably D. increasingly E. repeated F. events G. shares H. individual I. influenced J. appeals K. literary Poetry is a kind of writing in which the sound and meaning of groups of words express ideas or emotion in addition to the experiences or strong feelings the writer ___21___. Unlike most other forms of writing, poetry is often written in lines, rather than paragraphs. Poetry also sounds different from other forms of writing, often using rhythm and rhyme to create an interesting sound when read aloud. Poetry catches the attention of a reader because it ____22____ to both emotions and senses. Sound is ____23____ the single most important aspect of any poem. The sound that any given word makes, or the sounds that come from specific groups of words used together, are what make poetry so unique as a form of writing. A typical story or report does not focus on the sounds that each ____24____ word makes when read. But poems generally contain few words, so it is important that each word plays a role in making an impact on the reader. Rhythm is the flow of sounds created by successive words in a poem. When you read a poem you can often hear this ____25____ pattern, or “beat” in the sounds. This is called meter. Some of the oldest and best-known poetry in the world came from Ancient Greece. As far back as 700 BCE, poets there recited their work at public ____26____ and religious ceremonies. The great epic poems The Iliad and The Odyssey by Homer came from Greece. The Greeks eventually ____27____ Roman poets, such as Virgil, who wrote the Aeneid 30 BCE. In medieval times, poems such as Beowulf, The Divine Comedy by Dante. and The Canterbury Tales by Chaucer were written. Religion and romance became the ____28____ of choice for many poets at that time. Poetry ____29____ even more during the Renaissance period of history, an era of many great cultural achievements. This was the period during which Shakespeare, the most well-known poet, was making his mark! Needless to say, a trend had started. Poetry has continued to grow and change as a form of ____30____ expression in modern times. Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension 30% Section A (15%) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Once upon a time there lived in Germany two brothers who loved a good story — one with magic and danger, royalty and villains (恶棍). At school they met a wise man who led them to a treasure — a library of old books with tales more fascinating than any they had ever heard. ____31____, the brothers began collecting their own stories, listening to the folktales people told them. Soon they ____32____ their own treasure — a book of fairy tales that would charm millions in faraway lands for generations to come. The brothers Grimm, Jacob and Wilhelm, named their story collection Children’s and Household Tales and published it in Germany in 1812. The collection which has been translated into more than 160 languages up to now is a publishing ____33____. The stories and their characters have appeared in theatre, opera, comic books, movies, paintings, rock music, advertising and even fashion. Such ____34____ would have shocked the modest Grimms. During their lifetimes the book sold few copies in Germany. The early editions were not even ____35____ children. They had no illustrations, and scholarly footnotes took up almost as much space as the tales themselves. Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm viewed themselves as ____36____ students of folklore. They began their work at a time when Germany had been occupied by the French under Napoleon. As young scholars, the brothers Grimm began to work on the fairy tale collection in order to save the endangered oral storytelling tradition of Germany. Long before the Grimms’ time ____37____ developed in inns, barns, and peasant homes. During winter nights, as they sat spinning wood, women kept each other company and entertained each other with tales of adventure, romance and magic. ____38____, 40 such storytellers delivered tales to the Grimms, many of them coming to their house in Kassel. Although the brothers implied that they were just ____39____ the tales, Wilhelm polished and reshaped the stories up to the final edition of 1857. In an effort to make them more _____40_____ to children and their parents, he stressed the moral of each tale and emphasized gender roles. According to the Grimms, the collection served as “a manual of _____41_____.” To this day, parents read them to their children because they approve of the lessons in the stories: keep your promises, don’t talk to strangers, work hard, obey your parents. So what _____42_____ their popularity? Some have suggested that it is because the characters are always striving for happiness. But the truth probably lies in their _____43_____. The Grimms’ tales were born out of a storytelling tradition without _____44_____ of age or culture. The brothers’ skill was to translate these into a universal style of writing that seems to mirror whatever moods or interests we bring to our _____45_____ of them. And so it was that the Grimms’ fairy tales lived happily ever after. 31 A. Inspired B. Disappointed C. Discouraged D. Relieved 32. A. estimated B. produced C. sacrificed D. stocked 33. A. medium B. partnership C. finding D. wonder 34. A. quality B. wealth C. fame D. benefit 35. A. marked as B. robbed of C. aimed at D. prevented from 36. A. intelligent B. hardworking C. peculiar D. patriotic 37. A. collection B. storytelling C. entertainment D. meeting 38. A. Besides B. Altogether C. However D. Similarly 39. A. creating B. developing C. reviewing D. recording 40. A. accustomed B. acceptable C. cruel D. compared 41. A. manners B. parentship C. publishing D. adaptation 42. A. results from B. depends on C. accounts for D. responds to 43. A. appeal B. flexibility C. availability D. origin 44. A. boundaries B. influences C. indications D. distributions 45. A. writing B. sharing C. reading D. beginning Section B (11%) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Charles Robert Darwin was born on 12 February 1809 in Shropshire, England. Darwin’s childhood passion was science, and his interest in chemistry, however, was clear; he was even nicknamed ‘Gas’ by his classmates. In 1825, his father sent him to study medicine at Edinburgh University, where he learned how to classify plants. Darwin became passionate about natural history and this became his focus while he studied at Cambridge. Darwin went on a voyage together with Robert Fitzroy, the captain of HMS Beagle, to South America to facilitate British trade in Patagonia. The journey was life-changing. Darwin spent much of the trip on land collecting samples of plants, animals and rocks, which helped him to develop an understanding of the processes that shape the Earth’s surface. Darwin’s analysis of the plants and animals that he gathered led him to express doubts on former explanations about how species formed and evolved over time. Darwin’s work convinced him that natural selection was key to understanding the development of the natural world. The theory of natural selection says that individuals of a species are more likely to survive when they inherit (经遗传获得) characteristics best suited for that specific environment. These features then become more widespread and can lead eventually to the development of a new species. With natural selection, Darwin argued how a wide variety of life forms developed over time from a single common ancestor. Darwin married his cousin, Emma Wedgwood, in 1839. When Darwin’s eldest daughter, Annie, died from a sudden illness in 1851, he lost his belief in God. His tenth and final child, Charles Waring Darwin, was born in 1856. Significantly for Darwin, this baby was disabled, altering how Darwin thought about the human species. Darwin had previously thought that species remained adapted until the environment changed; he now believed that every new variation was imperfect and that a struggle to survive was what drove species to adapt. Though rejected at the beginning, Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection is nowadays well accepted by the scientific community as the best evidence-based explanation for the diversity and complexity of life on Earth. The Natural History Museum’s library alone has 478 editions of his On the Origin of Species in 38 languages. 46. What made Darwin reconsider the origin and development of species? A. Examining plants and animals collected. B. His desire for a voyage to different continents. C. Classifying samples in a journey to South America. D. His passion for natural history at Edinburgh University. 47. We can learn from paragraphs 1 to 3 that Darwin ________. A. used natural selection to develop new species B. enjoyed being called nicknames related to science C. learned some knowledge about plants when studying medicine D. argued with others over the diversity of life forms for a long period 48. Which of the following changed Darwin’s view on the human species? A. That he had ten children in all. B. His youngest son’s being disabled. C. That he lost his eldest daughter. D. His marriage with Emma Wedgwood. 49. This passage is mainly about ________. A. Darwin’s passion for medical science B. Darwin’s theory and experiments C. Charles Darwin’s changing interest D. Charles Darwin’s life and work (B) AAVE Camp Camp Address: 2308 Fossil Trace, Colorado 80401, USA (800)2223-3595 Since 2016 AAVE Camp has been about adventure travel, leadership and learning. AAVE inspires responsibility in teenagers. Throughout our adventures, we camp, rock climb, mountain bike, surf, sail, or study a foreign language. Most of our programs include community service projects which make a difference for our participants as well as those we meet. Wilderness Horse Camp Camp Address: PO. Box|568, Oregon 97883, USA (888) 4209-7855 Wilderness Horse Camp is a youth summer horseback riding camp. You will receive instructions on riding a horse, ride the high mountains, play in small rivers and learn how to live as they did in the old west. You’ll sleep in tents, eat western food and ride your horse all day, every day! Traditional Camp Camp Address: P. O. Box819/200, Arrowhead Rd. Hunt, Texas 78024. USA (886)6817-2173 Established in 2008 we are located on 650 beautiful acres along the clear south fork of the Guadalupe River. Our mission is to provide a safe and positive atmosphere for girls to develop confidence and talents within themselves through the many activities offered. Our specialty is FUN! Filmmaking and Acting Camp Camp Address:100 East 17thStreet, New York 10003, USA (212) 6743-4300 The New York Film Academy is a unique educational institution, devoted to providing the most focused filmmaking instruction in the world. Our workshops are intended to offer a great experience which gives students the opportunity to develop their creative skills to the fullest. 50. AAVE Camp is designed for ________. A. adventure lovers B. foreign travellers C. creative teenagers D. professional sportsmen 51. Catherine would like to develop her confidence in a safe and positive atmosphere, so she can call ________ for more information. A. (800) 2223-3595 B. (888) 4209-7855 C. (886) 6817-2173 D. (212) 6743-4300 52. Lucy’s dream is to be a film actress, so she’d probably go to ________ to attend a camp. A. Colorado B. Oregon C. Texas D. New York (C) “Choose your friends wisely” may not only be good parental advice but also a way to do better in college, a research study finds. The group of three researchers put that advice to the test at Berea College, a small liberal arts school in Kentucky, by looking at how much friends actually influence study habits and grades. They found that students who befriended studious (勤奋的) peers spent more hours studying themselves and posted higher grades during their freshman year. “It’s no fun to study by yourself,” said Nirav Mehta, one of the study’s authors, explaining the intuition behind the study. “If you want to goof off, and your friends are at the library, then you’re going to go to the library, too. And while you’re there, you’re probably going to get some studying done too.” Of course, it’s possible that studious people gravitate toward other studious people. They might have hit the books and got as many A’s no matter who their friends were. So the researchers checked to see if randomly assigned roommates also have a positive influence on study habits and grades. They found almost the same results: students who were assigned a studious roommate freshman year also studied more each day and had higher grade-point averages. Unfortunately, the opposite is also true, the researchers found. If you have friends and roommates who don’t study a lot, you’re likely to get dragged down by their poor habits, studying less and earning lower grades. Analyzing friends and study habits is usually difficult for researchers. But students at Berea College were asked to list their four best friends at the end of each semester and they kept careful daily logs of their time, including time spent studying. At the beginning of freshman year, the students were surveyed on their high school study habits. The researchers also had access to roommate assignments, high school grades and college grades. From this information, the economists calculated the average amount of time each student’s college friends had reported studying in high school. They found that for every additional 10 hours a week that a student’s friends had spent studying, on average, the student’s own study time in college would likely increase by almost 25 minutes a day, and the student’s own GPA would likely rise by almost a tenth of a point during freshman year. 53. The phrase “goof off” (paragraph 3) most probably means ________. A. achieve higher grades B. choose your friends C. go to the library D. be lazy about studying 54. Why did the researchers also study the randomly assigned roommates? A. To further test the theory. B. To figure out more study habits. C. To put forward a new theory. D. To get more students to work hard. 55. To carry out their research, what information did the researchers collect from students at Berea College? A. How many studious friends they have. B. How they comment on their friends’ grades. C. How much time they spent studying each day. D How they thought of their own college grades. 56. What suggestion would the researchers most likely give college students? A. If you want to do well in study, you’d better pick a hardworking friend. B. If you want to get on well with your roommates, you’d better work hard. C. If you want to raise your GPA, you’d better keep track of your study time. D. If you want to have a happy freshman year, you’d better care less about peer effects. Section C (4%) Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A Recipe for Avoiding Disaster Every log cabin homeowner has had those “what if” thoughts. What if conditions become so dry that a wildfire starts near my cabin? What if the rain is so relentless that the lake outside my doorstep begins to overflow its banks? What if tornado-fueled winds threaten to destroy everything I’ve created? ____57____. That’s the bad news. The good news? There are ways you can use your landscaping to minimize the damage that extreme weather can cause and still have an attractive yard all at the same time. Here are a few tips for using your outdoor resources in a way that can lessen the impact of a natural disaster on your log home: WILDFIRES: The key to keeping fires from damaging your home is regular maintenance with a focus on how fires spread. Begin by removing dead plants like trees and shrubs promptly and trimming (修剪) any branches that overhang the property or have close contact with the log walls. ____58____. It’s also a good idea to install irrigation in a 50-foot radius around your home to help create a fireproofing perimeter. FLOODS: A massive amount of flooding that leaves your house and yard in standing water is a tall order in terms of prevention strategies, but more moderate flooding can be stopped with a few simple landscaping tricks. ____59____. You can create extra drainage (排水系统) through the use of strategically placed stones and bushes that direct water away from the foundation. TORNADOES: To minimize the damage caused by the sudden gusts tornado weather brings, be sure to keep trees and shrubs trimmed. ____60____. A. The best way to begin is to grade your soil so that it slopes downward and away from your home in all directions. B. Make every effort to prevent fire spread as soon as possible. C. Never leave piles of brush or leaves near the house because they can burn easily. D. What you should do is to gather standing water to help with water absorption. E. There’s nothing you can do to prevent those extreme scenarios from happening. F. Also, check to ensure any yard ornaments (like birdbaths, pots or statues) are heavy enough to withstand the strong force. 第 Ⅱ 卷 Ⅰ. Spelling (8%) Words (3%) 汉译英 61. 栖息地 ________ 62. 非凡的；显著的 ________ 63. 精致的；精细的 ________ 64. 恐龙 ________ 65. 简图；图解 ________ 66. 计算；核算 ________ Phrases (5%) 汉译英 67. 整容手术 ________ 68. 全新的；崭新的 ________ 69. 正在运行；正在操作 ________ 70. 在校园内 ________ 71. 试穿 ________ Ⅱ. Translation (12% 2+3+3+4) 72. 他总是对自己的工作充满了热情。(enthusiasm)(汉译英) ____________________________________________________ 73. 因双方都志在必得，该场比赛被证明非常艰难。(prove) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________ 74. 聚会上，对为了理想而奋斗的岁月的回忆似乎成为大家的共同话题。(appear) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________ 75. 正是在不同场合中表现出的独立、自信使他受到了同事们的认可，被委以重任。(It) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$