Unit 2 Natural Disasters Grammar and usage 非谓语动词讲解课件-2023-2024学年高中英语译林版（2020）必修第三册

一个句子当中，已经存在一个谓语动词, 又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时，就需要使用非谓语动词。 to do 不定式 动名词 分词 doing -ed -ing Non-finite verb 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 to do doing -ed/-ing 01 不定式to do做主语 1)To know something about English is one thing; to know English is quite another. 2)When and where to hold the meeting is not known yet. 3)It‘s important to learn a foreign language. It is +adj. (easy, difficult, important …) for sb. to do sth. It is +n. (a pity, a pleasure, one’s duty, a shame…) to do sth It is +adj. (kind, nice,generous) of sb. to do sth. (形容人的品质) It takes/needs/requires (sb) some time/hours/months/ days/patience to do sth 01 不定式to do做主语 5 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 to do doing -ed/-ing 02不定式to do做宾语 动词不定式作动词宾语 I have decided to study engineering. I don’t want to go shopping. wish hope offer decide tend arrange promise refuse pretend expect dare plan agree manage prepare desire determine fail afford prefer 总结：常用不定式作宾语的动词有： 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 to do doing -ed/-ing 03不定式to do做表语 当句子的主语是 aim/ purpose/ intention/ plan/ wish/ decision/ choice/ job /task/duty等或者主语是what引导的名词性从句时，后面可以用不定式做表语，用以说明主语所包含内容。 Her wish is a lawyer. Your task today is the curtains. She is next week. What the old man likes is to watch children play. to become to wash to return 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 to do doing -ed/-ing 04不定式to do做定语 The train to arrive is from Australia. Marie Curie was the first person to receive Nobel Prizes. He has not kept his promise to write to his parents regularly. Three years later, he had a chance to go to Australia. 不定式做后置定语： (1)表示将来的动作(要做） (2)序数词,形容词最高级或被only, last, next等修饰的名词用不定式作定语。 (3) 同源词可以带不定式的名词后用不定式修饰，如attempt, decision, promise, plan, ability, determination, anxiety, eagerness等 (4) 用于抽象名词wish, chance; idea; belief; way; moment; time后 11 04不定式to do做定语 I need a piece of paper _____________(write). There is nothing to worry ______. Pleases give me a knife to cut _______. 不定式做后置定语： 如果不定式是不及物动词，后面就应有必要的介词, 不能省略。 to write on with about 12 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 to do doing -ed/-ing 不定式作状语： 1) She got up very early to catch up the first bus. 2) I’m glad to receive your letter. 3) I rushed to the airport, only to find that John had gone. 05不定式to do做状语 目的 原因 结果 14 只有不定式可以作目的状语： 06不定式to do做状语 so as to.../in order to.../to... She got up early (so as) to/(in order) to catch up the first bus. _______________________(avoid) falling into the same old trap again, we should learn from past mistakes. 注意： so as to只能放在句中，不能放在句首。 To avoid/ In order to avoid 15 不定式作结果状语： 06不定式to do做状语 常用于enough…to, too…to, so…as to, only to…,等。 He is so clever as to solve this question. She is too tired to do the job. George returned after the war, only to be told that his wife had left him. (only to常表示令人意外的结果) 16 不定式作原因状语： 06不定式to do做状语 在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等形容词后用以说明产生这种情绪的原因。如：sorry, surprised, glad, disappointed, excited, happy等。 I am so sorry to hear your mother is ill. I’m glad to see you looking so well. 17 用来说明说话人的态度、看法、对整个句子进行解释，如: to be frank/ honest/ exact/ brief to be sure to begin/ start with to make things worse to conclude to say nothing of（更不用说，而且还） not to mention 不定式to do 插入语 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 to do doing -ed/-ing 06不定式to do做补语 1）advise, cause, allow, permit, forbid, ask, beg, encourage, drive, invite, order, force, persuade等动词后用不定式作宾补。 V+sb+(not) to do The doctor warned him ___________(eat) too much meet. not to eat 2) 表示见解\看法的动词后用不定式作宾补。believe, consider, declare, discover, feel, find, guess, imagine, judge, I believe him (to be) an honest man. We all consider him (to be) a brilliant footballer. 06不定式to do做补语 3）arrange for, long for, wait for, call on, depend on, rely on, etc. 等词组后用不定式作宾补。 v. + sb./sth. + to do We are all longing for the summer to be over. You can’t depend on him to arrive on time. 不定式的时态、语态 1. 不定式的一般形式通常与谓语动作同时(或几乎同时)发生，或是在它之后发生。 We decided to leave early. This table needs to be cleaned. 2. 不定式进行式表示动作正在进行 He seems to be saying something now. 3. 不定式完成式表示动作发生在谓语动词之前。 I’m sorry to have kept you waiting. The novel is said to have been published. 22 不定式的时态、语态 不定式 主动形式 被动形式 一般式 完成式 进行式 to do to have done to be doing to be done to have been done / 23 非谓语动词的时态、语态 ---Li Ming is said _________ abroad. Do you know which country ---Yes, In London. A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying he studied in ? he will study in? he is studying in? A B C He pretended ____________ (sleep) when his mother came into his room. to be sleeping 24 非谓语动词的时态、语态 不定式主动表被动 None of us is to blame for that. This question is difficult to answer. This machine is impossible to repair. The air is thin to breathe. easy, difficult, hard, simple, dangerous, convenient, pleasant，interesting, clear 25 She could not help but _________(leave) her children at home. cannot choose but / cannot help but / cannot but do We had no choice but _____ (arrive) late. have no choice/ alternative but to do Last night I did nothing but _________(prepare) my lessons. It had no effect except _________(make) him angry. She wanted nothing but _______(leave) the place. 有do没to；没do有to 不定式to do 其他用法 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 to do doing -ed/-ing 01 动名词做主语 1. 作主语，可以直接放在句首，也可以用先行代词it作为形式主语，而把动名词后置。 Seeing is believing. (眼见为实) Collecting stamps is a good hobby. (单个动名词短语作主语时，动词用单数) 01 动名词做主语 固定句式 It’s no use/no good/great fun doing sth. It’s a waste of time/money doing sth. There is no point/ no use doing sth. There is no telling/knowing/denying that It is no use crying over spilt milk. It’s a waste of time playing game. There is no point studying without thinking. There is no denying that China is playing an important part in the world. 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 to do doing -ed/-ing 02 动名词做宾语 动名词作动词宾语 he could not risk losing the good opportunity. I can’t stand working with Jane. admit, appreciate, avoid, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, escape, stand, finish, complete, imagine, fancy, mind, miss, practise, prevent, resist, risk, stop, suggest, keep, consider 总结：常用动名词作宾语的动词有： 02 动名词做宾语 动名词作动词宾语 I look forward to seeing him again. He is addicted to playing video game. look forward to, pay attention to, turn to, get down to, on one’s way to, devote…to, stick to, object to, contribute to, lead to, be used to, can’t help, feel like, spend/waste time (in), have difficulty/trouble/a hard time (in), be fond of , be tired of 总结：常用动名词作宾语的动词短语有： 02 非谓语动词做宾语 注意: 某些动词后可用doing,也可用to do作宾语,但意义不同。 1) stop/ go on I stopped working and looked at him. He stopped to look at him. 2) remember/ forget/ regret Remember to lock the door. I remember locking the door. 3) try/ mean I tried knocking at the door, but nobody answered. I will try to improve my English. 02 非谓语动词做宾语 4) allow/advise/permit We don’t allow ___________(smoke) in the hall. My parents don’t allow me __________(go) at night. smoking to go out 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 to do doing -ed/-ing 03 动名词做表语 His job is folk songs. = Collecting folk songs is his job. collecting Your task today is (wash) the curtains. to wash 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 to do doing -ed/-ing 04 动名词做定语 动名词可作前置定语，表示所修饰的词的用途或目的，可用for改写 swimming pool, waiting room, walking stick a swimming pool= a pool for swimming a sleeping car =a car for sleeping 动名词的逻辑主语 winning of the competition made many people happy. Would you mind moving your car? not having seen them did not surprise me. Loud crashes of breaking and falling on the ground 为动名词添加逻辑主语 John’s my/me His glass things 动名词的时态，语态 He attended the meeting without _____________(ask). Excuse me for ____________________ your letter before. 没有更早回信请原谅。 She never told me about her _________________(interview) by the police before. 她从未告诉我她之前曾接受过警方的采访 being asked not having answered having been interviewed 主动形式 被动形式 一般式 完成式 doing having done being done having been done 动名词的时态，语态 41 It is a waste of money (buy) something they don’t need. It's impolite ____ you (speak)to the teacher like that. We can't imagine (experience) all the problems in the health-care system. I think it impossible _______(solve) the problem in a short time. I didn’t mean (eat) anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help (try) it. The most important purpose of first aid is _______(save) one’s life. Our plan is ______(set) up another middle school for the peasants’ children. I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train_______ (catch). I was the first Western reporter _______ (permit) to film a video for pandas. Any person passing by can't help _________(attract) by her. I rushed to the airport, only _________(tell) that John had gone. The student was shocked _______(read) the nurse’s note. We had no choice but _____ (arrive) late. The novel is said to __________ (publish) last year. _________(not invite) to the party made him angry. Old people expect _________(treat) with the respect due to their age. The vases are believed ________(be) worth over $20 000 each. He stood up, saying that he was not the one _________(blame). 04 非谓语动词做补语 3) 感官动词： feel、hear、see 、watch、observe、notice 被动 感官动词 主动、全过程（被动还原to） do doing -ed 主动、动作的某瞬间 44 04 非谓语动词做补语 3) 感官动词： I saw him _______(make) the phone call. I saw him _______(make) a phone call. I saw him _______(knock) down by the car. I saw him ________(beat) by a man. 45 04 非谓语动词做补语 4) 使役动词： make, have, get, keep, leave make sb/sth do make sb/sth done Be made to do He can't make his English _______(understand). He was made ______（finish） the job. 46 04 非谓语动词做补语 4) 使役动词： get, leave get/leave sb/sth to do get/leave sb/sth doing get/leave sb/sth done Her parents left her _______(choose) her own friends. Don’t leave him ________(wait) outside in the rain. I’ll get my bike ______(repair) tomorrow. 47 04 非谓语动词做补语 4) 使役动词： keep sb/sth doing sb/sth done We must keep the fire __________(burn). We must keep the fire __________(protect). 48 04 非谓语动词做补语 4) 使役动词： have(让） Have sb do Have sb/sth doing Have sb/sth done He had his son ________(clean) the car. He always has his radio ________(work) when sleeping. My car is broken, l have to have it _______(repair). Mary had her watch ________(steal) the other day. 让某人做某事/ 遭遇某种不幸 49 04 非谓语动词做补语 4) 使役动词： have sb do have sb/sth doing have sb/sth done I have a lot of homework _________(do), so I can’t go swimming with you. “Do you have any clothes ____________(wash)?” asked the maid. 让某人做某事/ 遭遇某种不幸 to do to be washed have sth to do have sth to be done 有某事要去做 有某事要被做/请人做 50 04 非谓语动词做补语 即时练习 I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph_______ (take). I heard the song ______(sing) by Kate. He had me ______(plant) a tree there. 04 非谓语动词做补语 即时练习 The speaking raised his voice but still couldn’t make himself _____(hear). John was made ________( tell ) everything. When I opened the door, I found the ground _______(cover) by fallen leaves. Arriving at the station, we found the train______(go). They all went into the house, leaving me _______(feel) terrible fool. Listen! Do you hear someone _______(call) for help? $$