Unit8重点基础+语法复习讲义2023-2024学年牛津译林版英语八年级下册

Unit8 重点基础+语法复习讲义 知识点1：Trees are good for us.(P106) 树对我们有益。 be good for …对…有益 Eg:Fruit is good for our health. be bad for … 对…有害 Eg:Eating too much is bad for stomach. 相关短语：be good at = do well in擅长于........... 知识点2：The Class 1, Grade 8 students are busy discussing the Earth’s problems and preparing a presentation.(P106) 八年级一班的学生们正在忙于讨论地球问题和准备演讲。 (1) be busy doing…忙于做某事 Eg: His mother is busy working these days. (2) prepare v. 准备 prepare to do sth 准备做某事 Eg:Two workers were preparing a videotape recording(录像) of last week's programme. prepare for… 为........做准备 Eg: He had to go back to his hotel and prepared for the next trip. 相关短语：get ready for sth 为........做准备 get ready to do sth准备做某事 知识点3：More and more families own cars and this causes serious air pollution.(P107)越来越多的家庭拥有自己的小汽车，这导致了严重的空气污染。 cause v. 导致，造成 Eg:The insecticide(杀虫剂) used on some weeds can cause health problems. cause n. 原因；起因 Eg: Smoking is the biggest preventable cause of death and disease. 知识点4：It’s wise for people to choose public transport or ride bicycles. 选择公共交通或骑自行车对人们来说是明智的。 wise adj. 明智的，充满智慧的 wisely adv. 明智地，充满智慧地 wisdom n.智慧，才智；明智 知识点5：We can save energy by turning off the lights when we leave a room. (P107) 当我们离开房间的时候可以通过关灯来节约能源。 (1) turn off 关上（开关） 指电器 反义词 turn on 开 turn相关的短语有： turn down 调小; 拒绝 turn up调高 turn over 翻过来; 翻身 turn around 转身 (2) turn 做系动词 表变化 turn green 变绿; 变得环保 Eg:When spring comes, the leaves turn green. 知识点6：In Switzerland, things like glass, plastic and paper are separated into different groups and then recycled. (P108) 在瑞士，像玻璃，塑料和纸做的东西被分成不同的群体，然后被回收。 separate v. 分开，隔开 Eg: Police moved in to separate the two groups. They want to separate teaching from research. 知识点7：For example, we are not allowed to cut down trees. (P108) 例如，我们不被允许砍伐树木。 (1) allow v. 允许 allow sb. to do 允许某人做… 被允许做.....be allowed to do sth Eg: The children are allowed to watch TV after school. We don't allow smoking in our house. (2)cut down 砍伐 cut 的其他相关短语： cut back 削减; 缩减 cut out 删除;删掉 cut in 插嘴 cut off 切断;中断 知识点8：Otherwise, we will be punished. (P109) 否则，我们将会被惩罚。 (1) otherwise adv. 否则 这里的otherwise的用法可等同于or Eg: I'm lucky that I'm interested in school work, otherwise I'd go crazy. (2)punish v. 处罚；惩罚 Eg:I don't believe that George ever had to punish the children. 知识点9：We depend on its rich resources to live, so it is important for us to protect it wisely.(P109) 我们依赖于它的丰富的资源来生活，所以对于我们来说明智地保护它是重要的。 depend on /upon 常用于情景交际中，表示“ 依靠、依赖 ” (1) 依靠，依赖，指望 Eg:My wife and daughter depend on me for their living. (2) 取决于 Eg:All depends on the weather. dependent adj. 依靠的；从属的；取决于…的 Eg:The local economy is dependent on oil and gas extraction(提炼) protect 保护 It’s +adj +for sb + to do sth 做...对某人来说... 知识点10：These new types of energy cost very little and will never run out.(P109)这些新的能源形式花费很少而且将不会用尽。 run out 用光、用完 注意：无 被动 用法 同义词：use up Eg:Conditions are getting worse and supplies(给养) are running out. run out of 用光、用完 Eg:They have run out of ideas. We're running out of time. 知识点11：Remember that everyone can do something to make a difference!(P109) make a difference (to sb/sth) (对…)有影响，起作用 Eg: Whatever you can do can make a difference. difference n. 不同 知识点12. I like digging in the garden. 我喜欢在花园里挖土。 dig- dug -dug- digging The children are busy digging in the sand. 知识点13： Are you serious? 你是认真的吗？ nothing serious没有什么严重的事情 be serious about sth.= take sth seriously 严肃对待         知识点14： save water by taking shorter showers通过少洗澡来节约水 take/have a shower 洗淋浴 知识点15：What should we do to live a green life?为了过上环保的生活我们该做什么呢？ live a …life 过着…的生活 知识点16: be fined by the police 被警察罚款 fine 作动词 fine sb. for sth./ doing sth. He was fined 50 pounds for driving without lights. 作名词 罚款 You’ll get a fine if you park your car here. 知识点17： be harmful to our health =do harm to our health 对我们的健康有害 harmful adj. 有害的 Traffic fumes are harmful to the environment. harm v. 损害，伤害 Too much sun can harm your skin. n. 伤害， 损害 These berries didn’t do him any harm. Air pollution is harmful to our health.= Air pollution does harm to our health. be harmed by … 被……伤害 知识点18： take steps 采取措施 take steps to do sth =take action to do sth采取措施干某事 知识点19： We should also reuse water if possible 如果可能的话我们也应该重复使用水。 知识点20： be in use 正在使用 Recycling is also a good way to help reduce pollution. 循环利用也是一种帮助减少污染的好办法。 知识点21：…more living things will be killed by pollution.(P114)…更多的生物将会被污染杀死。 (1) living adj. 活着的，活的 Eg:The living things can’t live without sun. the living 指“活着的人” (2) lively adj. 活泼的；生机勃勃的 Eg:She had a sweet, lively personality. (3) alive adj. 活着的，一般作表语 Eg:She does not know if he is alive or dead. living 和alive的区别： Living 不仅可以作 表语 ，也可作定语位于 名词前面 ；而alive 只能作 表语 。 (4) live adj. 活的 一般用于 动物 A protest against the company's tests on live animals. 知识点22：recycle empty bottles (P115)回收空瓶子 empty adj空的 反义词：full 满的 相关句型：be full of 充满， 装满 My foot stumped(踢) some empty bottles, which woke him up. 知识点23：Air pollution is harmful to our health.(P116)空气污染对我们的健康有害。 harmful adj. 有害的 反义词： harmless We ought to reason why it is harmful to health to eat too much. harm v. 伤害 n. 伤害 知识点24：Trees also help keep soil in place during storms.(P116)树木也能在暴风雨期间帮助固定土壤在原处。 (1) in place 在正确位置 Eg:This group are discussing the branching strategy currently in place. (2) place v. 放置 Eg:Brand folded it in his handkerchief and placed it in the inside pocket of his jacket. 常见短语： take place 发生；进行 Eg:She wanted Randy's wedding to take place quickly. 知识点25：They will form over thousands or even millons of years.(P117)他们形成将需要超过成千甚至上万年。 form v. 形成 Eg: They tried to form a study group on human rights(权利). n. 形式；表格 常见短语： in the form of 以…样的形式 知识点26：Here are some simple steps to take.(P117)这有些简单的步骤可以采取。 simple adj. 简单的 simply adv. 简单地 step n. 步骤；措施 采取措施做某事 take steps to do sth采取 Eg: We should take steps to prevent war. 知识点1：被动语态的一般将来时的含义 被动语态的一般将来时用来描述将要发生的动作。如： He will be/is going to be taken to hospital in a few minutes. The food will be/is going to be eaten by the dog soon. 知识点2：被动语态的一般将来时的构成 (以 support 为例) 时态 主语 will be/be going to be 过去分词 一般将来时 I will be/am going to be supported You/We/They will be/are going to be He /She/ It will be/is going to be 综合练习（八） 一、单项填空 1．Nearly 60 million Chinese watched the opening ceremony of the Hangzhou Asain Games online ________the night of 23 September, 2023. A．on B．in C．at D．/ 2．She failed the college entrance examination, so she doesn’t feel like________. A．to eat anything B．eating anything C．eating something D．to eat something 3．—Have you heard that a classical piano concert will be held in June in Chengdu? —________ exciting news it is! A．How B．What an C．What D．What a 4．Though Yuan Longping, the father of hybrid rice, ________ for one year, we will never forget the contribution he made. A．died B．has died C．has been dead D．was dead 5．—Another three Chinese astronauts have arrived in Tiangong space station. When will they come back? —Not until their task ________ in six months. A．finishes B．will finish C．will be finished D．is finished 6．—It’s raining harder and harder, and it’s too late. —That’s true. ________, we must send the donations to the hospital on time. A．Moreover B．Otherwise C．Instead D．Anyway 7．—How do you find your online tour to the Nanjing Museum? —Fantastic! I think it’s ________ I have ever had. A． an amazing experience B．a more boring experience C．the most amazing experience D．the most boring experience 8．—How is your DIY course? —You know, it’s hard for me, but I’ll never ________ because of the coming Culture and Art Festival. A．give it up B．hand it out C．put it out D．turn it up 9．—Planting more trees is good for our city. —Of course. Trees can ________ dust and help keep the air clean. A．reuse B．recycle C．reduce D．return 10．—Thanks for listening to my problem and giving me your advice, Amy. —________.That’s what friends are for. A．My pleasure B．With pleasure C．Never mind D．It’s nice of you 二、完形填空 Ethan added the milk slowly so that his corn flakes rose above the bowl, just like Nick’s. Mom didn’t stop him. Instead, she turned to Nick and patted his hand. “It’s our 11 breakfast together before you start college.” “What will you eat for breakfast at college, Nick?” Ethan asked his big brother. “I don’t know.” Nick hugged the corn flakes box. “I’d better take this. ” Mom smiled. “Nick is 12 . He’ll have everything he needs at college.” “Not everything,” Nick pointed at Ethan. “I won’t have my little 13 !” Mom looked at her watch and reminded Nick it was time to 14 . Ethan wished he could go to the airport with them, but it was class photo day. “Good luck at college!” he hugged Nick goodbye and waved at him 15 the car disappeared round the corner. Days went by. Ethan 16 seeing his brother at breakfast every day. Sometimes Nick sent photos. One was of himself in the library with a tall pile of books. Ethan stared at it. Nick was smiling, but he looked 17 . Maybe it was hard to get enough sleep at college. A couple of months later, Mom told Ethan they would 18 Nick for his birthday. Ethan could hardly believe his ears. What good news! Ethan pulled out his schoolbag 19 and put a box of corn flakes into it. He even found Nick’s pillow and tried to put it 20 , too. Seeing this, Mom couldn’t help laughing. “You’re very thoughtful, Ethan. But you 21 pack all that. Nick has everything he needs there.” Everything? Ethan wondered. Then he found scissors. Turning his back to Mom, Ethan cut out one of his new school 22 and put it into his schoolbag. When Mom and Ethan arrived at Nick’s college, Nick was 23 to see them. He ran over and gave them big hugs. “Guess 24 I bring you! You have almost everything you need at college.” Ethan smiled at his brother. “Almost?” Nick said. “What am I missing?” Ethan reached into his schoolbag and pulled out the photo. “Just 25 .” Surprised and moved, Nick hugged him tightly. 11．A．hot B．last C．usual D．healthy 12．A．joking B．thinking C．relaxing D．realizing 13．A．friend B．sister C．cousin D．brother 14．A．get off B．set off(动身) C．wake up D．cheer up 15．A．when B．after C．until D．since 16．A．missed B．hated C．enjoyed D．felt 17．A．shy B．tired C．bored D．lonely 18．A．call B．help C．visit D．leave 19．A．easily B．slowly C．carelessly D．quickly 20．A．up B．back C．down D．inside 21．A．needn’t B．mustn’t C．shouldn’t D．wouldn’t 22．A．maps B．photos C．T-shirts D．postcards 23．A．calm B．tired C．lucky D．excited 24．A．why B．how C．what D．where 25．A．me B．us C．her D．them 三、阅读理解 A Are you tired of boring running in the school? Let’s have a change! Enjoy running and throwing colored paint powder at each other. Join us and you will have a great time. Rainbow Run Sunday, May 8          Tickets: 10:40 am: warm up      20 yuan per person 11 am: start             Family 50 yuan Yunlong Park           (2 adults with 2 children, more child: 10 yuan/each) Five rainbow color stations Wear white or black to get a full burst(爆满) of color! www.rainbowrungo.com for tickets 26．How long will the warm-up take? A．Five minutes. B．Twenty minutes. C．Half an hour. D．An hour. 27．How much will it cost if a couple brings two children? A．20 yuan. B．50 yuan. C．60 yuan. D．80 yuan. 28．How can people get tickets? A．By email. B．By calling. C．From the website. D．At Yunlong Park. B We all know that it is important to protect our teeth. We should not eat too many candies. We should brush our teeth every day. A new survey in America also shows that if we drink too many sodas (汽水), our teeth will also be bad. In America, it is popular to drink sodas. About 90% of young people have sodas every day. Most of them have more than three glasses of sodas every day. About 30% of them have bad teeth. When they eat fast food, or when they are thirsty, they drink sodas instead of water. But the sodas are sweet and the sweet things can change into the sour (酸的) things, and the sour things can make our teeth bad. So the American scientists say that it is not good to drink sodas, especially for the young people. 29．Our teeth will be bad if we _________. A．eat too many candies B．don’t brush our teeth C．drink too many sodas D．A, B and C 30．About _________ of young people in America have sodas every day. A．10% B．30% C．90% D．70% 31．From the passage, the _________ things can make the teeth bad. A．salty B．sour C．hot D．cold 32．According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A．It is popular to drink sodas in both China and America. B．About 90% of young people in America have bad teeth. C．The sour things can change into the sweet things easily. D．It is not good for the young people to drink sodas often. 参考答案： 1．A 考查介词。on接具体某一天的上下午晚上；in接季节月份年份等时间；at接钟点时间。 2．B 【详解】句意：她高考不及格，所以她什么都不想吃。 考查非谓语动词及不定代词。something一般用于肯定句或表请求允许的疑问句中；anything一般用于否定句或疑问句中。此处是否定句，故用anything。feel like doing sth.“想要做某事”，故用eating。故选B。 3．C 【详解】句意：——你听说六月将在成都举行一场古典钢琴音乐会吗？——多么令人兴奋的消息！ 考查感叹句。How引导的感叹句，修饰形容词或副词；What引导的感叹句，修饰名词。本句中心词news是不可数名词，故用What引导，结构是：What+形容词+不可数名词+主谓!。故选C。 4．C 【详解】句意：杂交水稻之父袁隆平虽然已经去世一年了，但我们永远不会忘记他的贡献。 考查动词时态以及延续性动词。“for+一段时间”要与现在完成时连用，其结构为“have/has+动词过去分词”，且动词要用延续性动词，die是短暂性动词，对应的延续性动词是be dead，故选C。 5．D 【详解】句意：——又有三名中国宇航员抵达天宫空间站。他们什么时候回来？——直到六个月内他们的任务完成。 考查时态和语态。根据“Not until their task...in six months.”可知，这是由not until引导的时间状语从句，从句的时态为一般现在时。“任务”和“完成”之间为被动关系。故选D。 6．D 【详解】句意：——雨越下越大，天太晚了。——确实如此。无论如何，我们必须按时把捐款送到医院。 考查副词辨析。Moreover而且；Otherwise否则；Instead反而；Anyway无论如何。根据“we must send the donations to the hospital on time”可知，无论什么情况都要按时把捐款送到医院，故选D。 7．C 【详解】句意：——你觉得你的南京博物馆在线旅游怎么样？——好极了！我认为这是我最神奇的一次经历。 考查形容词最高级的辨析。amazing令人惊奇的；boring无聊的，枯燥的。根据“Fantastic! ”可知，此次经历不错，应用amazing令人惊奇的；根据“I have ever had.”可知，是与以前到现在的经历对比，应用最高级。故选C。 8．A 【详解】句意：——你的DIY课程怎么样？——你知道，它对我来说太难了，但是因为即将到来的文化艺术节我永远不会放弃。 考查动词短语。give up放弃；hand out分发；put out扑灭；turn up调高。根据“it’s hard for me, but I’ll never…”可知，此处指不会放弃DIY课程。故选A。 9．C 【详解】句意：——多种树对我们的城市有好处。——当然。树木可以减少灰尘，有助于保持空气清洁。 考查动词辨析。reuse重复使用；recycle回收利用；reduce减少；return返回。根据“Trees can…dust and help keep the air clean.”可知，树木可以减少灰尘，有助于保持空气清洁。故选C。 10．A 【详解】句意：——谢谢你听我的问题，给我你的建议，艾米。——不用谢。这是朋友应该做的。 考查情景交际。My pleasure不用谢；With pleasure很乐意；Never mind没关系；It’s nice of you你真好。对于某人的感谢，回答可以是My pleasure。故选A。 11．B 12．A 13．D 14．B 15．C 16．A 17．B 18．C 19．D 20．D 21．A 22．B 23．D 24．C 25．A 【导语】本文讲述了两兄弟心系彼此的可贵亲情，弟弟怕哥哥想念家里的一切，所以把自己的照片剪下来送给了外出上大学的哥哥。 11．句意：这是你上大学前我们一起吃的最后一顿早餐。 hot热的；last最后的；usual通常的；healthy健康的。根据“What will you eat for breakfast at college”可知，Nick要去上大学了，所以他妈妈说这是在他去大学前全家一起吃的最后一顿早饭。故选B。 12．句意：Nick在开玩笑。 joking开玩笑；thinking思考；relaxing放松；realizing意识到。Nick说要带上玉米片，而根据“He’ll have everything he needs at college.”可知，妈妈说他在开玩笑。故选A。 13．句意：我不会有我的小弟弟。 friend朋友；sister姐姐，妹妹；cousin表兄弟，表姐妹；brother兄弟。根据“Mom didn’t stop him.”和“Nick pointed at Ethan.”可知，Nick指大学里没有Ethan，而根据“Ethan asked his big brother.”和“Mom didn’t stop him.”可知，Ethan是Nick的弟弟。故选D。 14．句意：妈妈看了看手表，提醒Nick该出发了。 get off下车；set off出发；wake up醒来；cheer up振作起来。根据“Mom looked at her watch and reminded Nick it was time to…”可知，出发的时间到了。故选B。 15．句意：他拥抱Nick告别并向他挥手，直到汽车消失在拐角处。 when当……时；after在……之后；until直到；since因为。根据“he hugged Nick goodbye and waved at him…the car disappeared round the corner.”，Nick向Ethan挥手告别，直到车消失在转弯处。故选C。 16．句意：日子一天天过去，Ethan每天都想念在早餐时见到他的哥哥。 missed想念；hated讨厌；enjoyed享受；felt感觉。根据“he hugged Nick goodbye and waved at him…the car disappeared round the corner.”，Nick去上大学之后，Ethan想念每天能看到哥哥的日子。故选A。 17．句意：尼克在微笑，但他看起来很累。 shy害羞的；tired疲惫的；bored无聊的；lonely孤独的。根据“Maybe it was hard to get enough sleep at college.”可知，Ethan认为Nick在大学里睡不好觉，所以说他会很疲惫。故选B。 18．句意：几个月后，妈妈告诉 Ethan，他们会去看望Nick，并且和他一起过生日。 call打电话；help帮助；visit参观，拜访；leave离开。根据“When Mom and Ethan arrived at Nick’s college”可知，此处指他们要去拜访Nick。故选C。 19．句意：Ethan立即掏出书包，在里面放了一盒玉米片。 easily容易地；slowly缓慢地；carelessly粗心地；quickly快速地。根据“Ethan could hardly believe his ears. What good news!”可知，Ethan听到这个消息很激动，所以是立即拉出自己的书包。故选D。 20．句意：他甚至找到了尼克的枕头，也想把它放进去。 up向上；back向后；down向下；inside向里面。根据“He even found Nick’s pillow and tried to put it…, too.”可知，他还想把Nick的枕头塞进书包。故选D。 21．句意：但你不需要打包所有这些。 needn’t不需要；mustn’t禁止；shouldn’t不应该；wouldn’t不会。根据“Nick has everything he needs there.”可知，妈妈说他不需要打包所有的东西。故选A。 22．句意：Ethan背对着妈妈，剪下一张新的学校照片，放进书包。 maps地图；photos照片；T-shirtsT恤衫；postcards明信片。根据“Ethan reached into his schoolbag and pulled out the photo.”可知，Ethan把自己新学校的照片剪下来放进书包了。故选B。 23．句意：当妈妈和Ethan到达尼克的大学时，尼克很高兴见到他们。 calm平静的；tired疲劳的；lucky幸运的；excited兴奋的。根据“He ran over and gave them big hugs.”可知，他看到自己的家人出现在学校，所以很激动。故选D。 24．句意：猜猜我给你带来了什么？ why为什么；how如何；what什么；where哪里。空处在句中作bring的直接宾语，选项中只有what可以作宾语。故选C。 25．句意：只有我。 me我；us我们；her她；them他们。根据“Nick pointed at Ethan. “I won’t have my little…”可知，Nick说学校没有自己的弟弟Ethan，所以Ethan把自己的照片剪下来送给在外上大学的Nick。故选A。 26．B 27．B 28．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了彩虹跑活动的时间、地点、票价以及服装要求等相关信息。 26．细节理解题。根据表格中的“10:40 am: warm up”以及“11 am: start”可知，热身运动上午10点半进行，彩虹跑11点正式开始，热身运动一共持续二十分钟。故选B。 27．细节理解题。根据表格中的“Family 50 yuan(2 adults with 2 children, more child: 10 yuan/ each)”可知，两个成年人和两个孩子可购买家庭票，一共50元。故选B。 28．推理判断题。根据文中的“www.rainbowrungo.com for tickets”可知，参与活动者需要从网站上买票。故选C。 29．D 30．C 31．B 32．D 【导语】本文作者介绍了一些对牙齿不好的行为习惯，如吃太多糖、不刷牙、喝太多苏打水。在美国，大约90%的年轻人每天都喝苏打水，这对他们的牙齿不好。 29．推理判断题。根据“We should not eat too many candies. We should brush our teeth every day.”以及“A new survey in America also shows that if we drink too many sodas (汽水), our teeth will also be bad.”可推知，如果吃太多糖、不刷牙、喝太多苏打水的话，我们的牙齿会变坏。故选D。 30．细节理解题。根据“About 90% of young people have sodas every day.”可知，在美国，大约90%的年轻人每天都喝苏打水。故选C。 31．细节理解题。根据“and the sour things can make our teeth bad”可知，酸的东西会使我们的牙齿变坏。故选B。 32．细节理解题。根据“So the American scientists say that it is not good to drink sodas, especially for the young people.”可知，选项D“年轻人经常喝苏打水是不好的”表述正确。故选D。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$