Unit 1 Life Choices Lesson 1 Lifestyles 语法不定式课件-2024-2025学年高中英语北师大版（2019）必修第一册（共48张PPT）

Unit 1 Life Choices Lesson 1 Lifestyles FOCUS ON LANGUAGE: INFINITIVES 1. Read each sentence and underline the infinitive. Does it function as a subject (主语), object (宾语), predicative (表语), attribute (定语), adverbial (状语) or object complement (宾语补语)? 1. My mum keeps telling me to go out with my school friends instead. 2. It's important to meet friends in person from time to time, not just on social media. _____ object complement ____ subject FOCUS ON LANGUAGE: INFINITIVES 3. When I set out to do something, I do my best to achieve it. 4. My target is to prepare myself for my degree in biology at university. 5. Li Ying is the first person to join the volunteering club in her class. ___________ adverbial _______ predicative ____ attribute FOCUS ON LANGUAGE: INFINITIVES 2. Complete the blog entry with the correct form of the words in brackets. I wake up at six o'clock every morning. It 1. ____________ (take) me less than 15 minutes 2. ____________ (wash), get changed, have breakfast and leave home. I'm always the first person 3. ____________ (get) to my class. The mornings are always very busy and the afternoons are even takes to wash to get FOCUS ON LANGUAGE: INFINITIVES busier! By around five o'clock, I usually 4. ____________ (find) time 5. ____________ (do) my paperwork and preview the lessons. You may think that it 6. ___________ (be) boring 7. ____________ (do) the same thing every day, but I like being busy. (Wang Qing, 16 years old) find to do is to do 语法：动词不定式 一、不定式的形式 不定式有六种形式，以write为例，如下表： 时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 to write to be written 完成式 to have written to have been written 进行式 to be writing   完成进行式 to have been writing   1. 一般式：不定式的动作与谓语动作同时发生或在谓语动作之后发生。 He seems to know this. 他似乎知道这件事。 2. 进行式：不定式的动作与谓语动作同时发生，并强调动作的持续性或正在进行。 He pretended to be working hard. = He pretended that he was working hard. 他假装工作很努力。 3. 完成式：不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之前或已经发生。 Scientists claimed to have made a major breakthrough in the fight against cancer in the past three months. 科学家们宣称在过去的三个月里在攻克癌症方面已有重大的突破。 4. 完成进行式：强调不定式的动作从过去某一时刻起一直持续到某一时刻，强调动作的持续性，不强调结果。 The rain was said to have been falling for a week. 据说雨已经下了一周了。 5. 被动式：不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者。 The factory to be built here next year is a car factory. 明年要在这里建的工厂是一家汽车制造厂。 二、不定式的句法功能 1. 作主语（可用形式主语it） To master English gives us much help in the study of science. 掌握好英语在科学研究方面给了我们很大帮助。 Is it necessary to complete the design before National Day? 有必要在国庆节前完成这项设计吗？ 2. 作表语（说明主语的内容） Her wish is to become a college student. 她的愿望是成为一名大学生。 注意： 动词不定式和动名词都可作主语和表语。一般来说，表示比较抽象的一般行为多用动名词；表示具体的某个动作，特别是将来的动作时，多用动词不定式。有时两者可以互换。 His job is to write reports for the newspaper. 他的工作是为报社写报道。 The problems remain to be unsettled. 问题还没有解决。 注意： 当主语部分含有动词do时，做表语的不定式可以省略 to。 What I want to do is (to) have a good rest. 我想做的事是好好休息一下。 3. 作宾语 （1）有些动词后常跟不定式作宾语，如agree, aim, attempt, tend, determine, choose, decide, demand, expect, fail, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, hope, wish 等。 I decided to buy an MP4 to learn English. 我决定买个MP4来学英语。 口诀助记 三个希望两答应：hope, wish, want, agree, promise 两个要求莫拒绝：demand, ask, refuse 设法学会做决定：manage, learn, decide 不要假装在选择：pretend, choose （2）有些动词后可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟动名词作宾语，但意思大不相同，如forget, remember, mean, try等；有些动词后接不定式和动名词作宾语时意思差别不大，如start, begin, hate, like 等。 Mary begins to sweep/ sweeping her room. 玛丽开始打扫她的房间。 Remember to turn off the lights when you leave the room. 在你离开这个房间之前，记得把灯关了。 （现在灯还没有关） I remembered turning off the lights when I left the room. 我记得我离开那个房间时把灯关了。（灯已经关了） （3）在一些复合结构中，可用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语——不定式后置。构成此结构的动词有make, find, feel, believe, consider, think等。 I believe it useless to argue with him. 我认为和他争吵是没有用的。 I feel it my duty to help others. 我觉得帮助别人是我的职责。 4. 作定语 （1）不定式作定语通常要放在被修饰词的后面，往往表示将要发生的动作。 The weather will be sunny in the days to come. 未来几天将是晴天。 （2）中心词是序数词、形容词最高级、the last/ the only /the next或被这些词修饰时，用不定式作定语。 Zhang Jian is the first Chinese to swim across the Bohai Sea. 张健是第一个横渡渤海的中国人。 （3）抽象名词time, way, reason, chance, courage, opportunity, ability等后以及不定代词something, nothing, little等后常用不定式作定语。 A subway is an effective way to solve traffic problems in a big city. 地铁是解决大城市交通问题的一个有效方法。 （4）“there be+主语+to do”和“have sth. to do”结构中，不定式也做作后置定语。 There is nothing to worry about. 没什么可担心的。 注意： ① 不定式作定语时，往往与被修饰词有动宾关系，若构成不定式的动词是不及物动词，其后须有相应的介词，如： a piece of paper to write on 注意： ② 若不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语，不定式用主动式；若其逻辑主语不是句子的主语，则不定式用被动式。如： I have something to be washed. (wash 所表示的动作不是由主语I发出的） 注意： ③ 如果其动词要求用动词不定式作宾语，或者其形容词要接动词不定式作补语，则相应的名词一般用动词不定式作定语。 tend to do = tendency to do decide to do = decision to do be curious to do = curiosity to do 5. 作状语 （1）作目的状语 They took exercise every day to keep healthy. 为了保持健康，他们每天运动。 （2）作结果状语 常用如下结构： so+形容词/ 副词+as to do 如此……以至于…… such +形容词/ 名词+as to do 如此……以至于…… enough+名词+to do 足够…… 名词/ 形容词/ 副词+ enough + to do 足够…… too+形容词/ 副词+to do 太……而不能…… He is not so stupid (such a fool) as to do that. 他还没有蠢到做那种事。 The boy is old enough to go to school. 这个男孩到了上学的年龄了。 注意： 不定式短语表示结果时，常与only连用，暗示一种意外的结果。 （3）作原因状语 They jumped with joy to hear the news. 听到这个消息，他们高兴得跳了起来。 （4）作方式状语（常与as if, as though连用） He raised his hand as if to take off his hat. 他举起手来，像是要把他的帽子摘掉。 （5）修饰作表语或宾语补足语的形容词 I'm very glad to see you again. 很高兴又见到你了。 English is not so difficult to learn. 英语并没有那么难学。 6. 作宾语补足语 （1）动词+宾语+带to的动词不定式 有这种用法的动词有：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, challenge, drive, encourage, expect, forbid, force, hire, intend, invite, order, permit, persuade, remind, require, teach, tell , want, warn等。 She asked me to stay there. 她要我待在那里。 He wants these kids to learn to boast (夸) about themselves. 他想要这些孩子学会夸自己。 （2）表示见解、看法的动词+宾语+带to的动词不定式有这种用法的动词（短语）有：believe, consider, declare, discover, feel, find, imagine, judge, suppose, think, understand等。 We found the rumor to be true. 我们发现这个传闻是真的。 注意： 这类动词后面用作宾语补足语的不定式通常是to be或 to have done。 （3）感官动词+宾语+不带to的不定式 有这种用法的动词（词组）有：see, notice, watch, look at, observe, hear, listen to, feel等。 I like to listen to the birds sing when I get up early in the morning. 当我清晨起床时，我喜欢听鸟儿歌唱。 注意： 被动语态中不定式必须带to。 The children were seen to run down the street. 有人看到孩子们沿着这条街跑了。 （4）使役动词+宾语+不带to的不定式有这种用法的动词有：make, have, let等。 Don't make the children do such heavy work. 别让孩子们干这么重的活。 注意： ① 在被动结构中不定式必须带to，但have一般不用于被动语态。 ② get也是使役动词，但它后面做宾语补足语的不定式总是带to。 I got Mary to lend me some money. 我让玛丽借给我一些钱。 （5）表示好恶的动词+宾语+带to的不定式 有这种用法的动词有：dislike, like, prefer, hate, love, want等。 Do you prefer me to do the work by myself? 你更愿意我自己做这项工作吗？ 注意： 这类动词通常不用被动式。 （6）动词短语+宾语+带to的不定式 有这种用法的动词短语有：arrange for, ask for, call on, count on, depend on, long for, rely on, wait for等。 I'm waiting for you to reply. 我等着你回答。 Practice 1. Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology ____________ (change) lives. 2. He is thought ______________ (act) foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job. 3. It's standard practice for a company like this one ____________ (employ) a security officer. to change to have acted to employ Practice 4. ____________ (work) out the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several times. 5. Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only____________ (find) it didn't fit. To work to find Thank you $$