专题19：高中新题型之阅读理解（初高考点差异及衔接）-2024年初升高英语无忧衔接（上海专用）

专题19：高中新题型之阅读理解 （初高考点差异及衔接） 初中要求 要求学生能够通过阅读理解短文大意，获取主要信息，并能做出正确判断。上海中考阅读理解A篇单选，以应用文或说明文为主，细节题居多。 高中要求 高中阶段，阅读材料在句长方面有所提升，句子变长变难，整体阅读难度加大。新课标和高考要求学生提高文本理解能力，掌握信息的准确性，深入理解文章内容。上海高考阅读理解单选3篇，A篇以记叙文或新闻报道为主，B篇以应用文为主，C篇为说明文或议论文。考题含细节题、推理题、词义猜测、主旨大意等。 【初中考点聚焦】 1. 阅读技巧和策略：强调主题式阅读，要求学生能够通过阅读理解短文大意，获取主要信息，并能做出正确判断。 2. 阅读速度：中考阅读理解要求学生的阅读速度为每分钟40-50个词3。 3. 阅读材料：中考阅读理解的材料题材广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等；体裁多样，如记叙文、说明文、应用文等。 4. 考查内容：包括掌握所读材料的主旨和大意、把握文章的事实和细节、根据上下文猜测生词的含义。 5. 课外阅读量：初中毕业时课外阅读量需达到150000词。 【示例】 Jane, a reporter, is collecting information for the local newspaper. She is interested in the following things introduced in a magazine. Smart Schoolbag Forget to pack the books you need into your schoolbag in the morning rush? A schoolboy aged 11 has invented a schoolbag. It tells you which books to pack. A small computer and a scanner（扫描装置）are fixed in the bag. As each book is put into the bag, it is checked by the scanner. If any book is missing, a message will be shown on the computer screen to remind you. Weather Sweets Can you eat weather? A university makes that happen. It uses a 3D printer to create sweets based on the weather information of a certain day. The shapes of the sweets are affected by wind speed. The colors of the sweets are decided by temperature. The sweets act as a weather record of the day when they are made. Sunrise Bed It’s hard for you to get up in the morning, isn’t it? To help you get up, a company has created a “tool” —a sunrise bed. It wakes you up gently as a sunrise does. Lights built into the bed turn on and start to get brighter and brighter. When the lights are fully on, soft music will begin to play. It will be louder and louder until you turn it off. The company explains, “The gentle light tells your body that it is morning, so it stops producing a chemical that helps you sleep.” 55. The smart schoolbag has been invented by ________. A. a reporter B. a schoolboy C. a university D. a company 56. What can the smart schoolbag do? A. Help you repair computers. B. Tell you when to pack books. C. Teach you how to fix screens. D. Remind you of the missing books. 57. ________ affect(s) the shapes of the weather sweets. A. Colors B. Wind speed C. Temperature D. 3D printers 58. Which of the following shows how a sunrise bed wakes you up? A. lights on → music on → lights brighter → music louder B. music on → music louder → lights on → lights brighter C. lights on → lights brighter → music on → music louder D. music on → lights on → music louder → lights brighter 59. What does the underlined word “it” in Sunrise Bed refer to? A. Your body. B. The bed. C. The light. D. Your room. 60. In which section of the magazine has Jane most probably found the information? A. Wonderful food. B. Future schools. C. Amazing inventions. D. Modern furniture. 【高中考点聚焦】 考纲解读 1. 词汇量要求：新高考对词汇量有较高的要求，新教材中甚至出现了超纲词汇。 2. 阅读材料的难度：阅读材料在句长方面有所提升，句子变长变难，整体阅读难度加大。 3. 阅读量的提升：新高考英语强调阅读量的重视，要求学生有较大的阅读量。 4. 综合运用英语的能力：高中英语教学的基本要求是培养学生综合运用英语的能力，包括全面理解和批判性思考的能力。 5. 英语学科核心素养：新课标背景下，高中英语阅读教学注重培养学生的英语核心素养，包括语言能力、文化意识、思维品质和学习能力。 总体来说，上海高考英语关于阅读理解要求考生应能：理解主旨要义；理解文中具体信息；根据上下文推断生词的词义；作出简单判断和推理；理解文章的基本结构；理解作者的意图和态度。 考点清单 考点一： 阅读理解细节题 一般根据短文提供的信息和事实进行提问，命题人往往通过对文章细节加以改写来考查考生准确理解细节的能力。细节理解题在高考阅读理解中占有相当大的比例，几乎占据了阅读理解总题量的“半壁江山”。这类题考点可以源自段内的单句信息理解，也可以来自段落内综合信息的理解。考查内容涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、方式以及在议论文中可以涉及例证的细节和定义类的细节。 解答细节理解的直接信息题时，由于题目普遍较容易，不必通篇细读全文，一般是先通过题干信息来选择定位关键词。运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与题干有关的关键词，找出相关的句子，得出正确答案。 考查间接信息题时，正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。常用方式是同义词替换或释义，即把文中语言(词汇和结构)改头换面，来表达相同的意思。常见的命题方式通常有： 1.特殊疑问句形式。以when, where, what, which, who, how much/many等疑问词开头引出的问题； 2. 以是非题的形式。true /false, not true / false或EXCEPT，这种题型必考； 3. 以According to… 开头提问方式； 命题点01 直接信息题 [示例] $25.00 recommended for adults, $12.00 recommended for students, includes the Main Building and The Cloisters (回廊) on the same day; free for children under 12 with an adult. ... 56．How much may they pay if an 11­year­old girl and her working parents visit the museum? A．$12. B．$37. C．$50. D．$62. 命题点02 间接信息题 [示例] New analysis of these scans revealed that activity in the same regions Chen’s group had accurately pointed out in mice, the aDCN, appeared to be significantly disturbed in humans with Prader-Willi syndrome. In healthy individuals, the aDCN were more active in response to food images while fasting than just after a meal, but no such difference was identifiable in participants with the disorder. The result suggested that the aDCN were involved in controlling hunger. 44. According to the project conducted by the researchers, ________. A. the healthy testees were more likely to overeat after fasting B. food images increased the appetite of the testees with Prader-Willi syndrome C. the aDCN in the healthy testees responded to food images more actively after fasting D. the aDCN in the testees with Prader-Willi syndrome made no response to food images 考点二： 阅读理解词义猜测题 命题点01单词或短语猜测 1. 根据定义推测词义： 有时作者会通过给词汇下定义来帮助读者理解该词的基本含义，如线索词that is, or, namely, in other words, that is to say, to be more exact, to put it another way, which is等。 2. 根据举例推测词义： 有时，划线部分后会根由一些具体的例子，这些例子可以帮助考试理解该词的词义。线索词such as, such...as, for example, for instance, like , including, especially等。 3. 根据对比关系或转折关系推测词义： 表达对比或转折关系的词需注意but, yet, however, while, unlike, instead, similarly, on the contrary, in contrast to等。 4. 根据同义词或并列结构推测词义： 在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者为了避免语言的单调和重复，会使用意思相同或相近的词，此时，只要知道其中一个词的意思，就能猜出另一个词的意思。 5. 根据构词法推测词义： 英语中的很多词汇，尤其是不断出现的新词大多是通过构词法生成的，因此，掌握主要的构词法有助于猜测词义。 6. 根据因果关系推测词义： 因果关系时一种常见的提供生词词义信息的逻辑关系。根据线索词as, since, because, for , so, thus, consequently, therefore, hence, due to, result in, result from, as a result, for this reason, accordingly, so...that, such...that等可知上下句存在因果，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。 [示例] A listener whose head is in some “sweet spot” hears high-quality sound. But as one gels farther from the sweet spot, the sound diminishes. That’s because sound waves from different loudspeakers interact to cancel out each other’s sound. What does the underlined word “diminishes” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Becomes lower. B．Travels faster. C．Gets sweeter. D．Sounds nicer. 易错分析：不能看出画线部分词根中mini含义“微型，袖珍的”，且未能关注上句but前后两句话之间的转折意义是错误主要原因。 命题点02 句子意义猜测 定位：定位划线句，利用语法和逻辑关系准确分析原卷 分析：分析理解划线句前后语境，合理推断句意 归纳：归纳总结，找出与原句意思完全吻合的选项 [示例] Last year, after a winter of practicing skiing on the green tracks for beginners each week, Alicia was french-frying her way down blues and even attempted her first black. That month also witnessed me visiting the mountain more times than in the 15 years combined and I’ve got myself a partner for life. ...... What does the father imply by saying “I’ve got myself a partner for life.”? A．It is rewarding to learn new skills. B．Skiing has become his lifelong hobby. C．He will explore more with his daughter. D．His daughter will accompany him forever. 考点三： 阅读理解推理判断题 一）：推断隐含意义 (1)抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理：在原文中确定推理依据的位置或范围后，要善于抓住关键信息去分析判断；(2)整合全文/段信息进行推断：有时需要在弄懂全文或全段的基础上，整合与题目相关的有效信息去进行综合推断，才能确定最佳选项。无论哪种推断形式必须以文章所提供的事实内容为依据，切忌凭空想象。 [示例] 二）：推断写作意图 (1)记叙文：通常会在首段或尾段出现高度概括性语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有叙述都围绕该哲理展开； (2)应用文：文章常对某事物或服务进行详细介绍，使用具有明显倾向性的语言； (3)说明文：其写作意图依赖于对文章主题句的把握，应找准主题句； (4)议论文：一般开头提出某论点，中间进行论证，最后得出结论，写作意图常隐含于最后一部分中。 [示例] (节选) Don’t bring meat, meat products, milk and dairy products from non-EU countries to Finland! A ban on personal imports applies to meat and dairy products brought into Finland by travelers or ordered and sent through the post. The ban applies to food stuffs intended for personal consumption or as gifts and to pet food. If you have food products of animal origin with you, throw them in a waste container in the point of entry or contact Customs! Whom is this notice intended for? A. Food importers in Finland. B. Travelers to Finland. C. Citizens in EU countries. D. Medical staff from non-EU countries. 三）：推断观点态度 (1)注意作者或文中人物的措辞：①分析字里行间所隐含的意思，切忌用自己观点代替作者或文中人物的观点；②留意相关氛围的语言及表达情感态度或观点的词句，这些常流露于修饰语之中；③结合英语国 家的文化传统或风俗习惯等背景知识进行合理推断。 [示例] Our own experience working together on health，development，and energy the last twenty years has been one of the most rewarding parts of our lives.It has changed who we are and continues to fuel our optimism about how much the lives of the poorest people will improve in the years ahead. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．The author believes the lives of the poorest will get better. B．Much more progress will be made in the near future. C．The work on health is the most valuable experience. D．People’s efforts have been materially rewarded. 　 四）：推断文章出处和目标读者 (1)广告：语言简洁鲜明，有亮点； (2)报刊：时事性强，分不同板块，高考中常以政治、生活的话题为主； (3)杂志：覆盖生活各个层面，更贴近幕后，更贴近生活； (4)产品说明书：对某产品的功能特色及操作方式等做出介绍； (5)药品说明：说明药品的服用时间、次数、药量、禁忌等； (6)网络：文体不限，找到click here，download，up­load，link，mouse, surf等网络标志语。 [示例] ........... Pak50·57 minutes ago Why not give it a try? Perhaps you should take lessons on a musical instrument.The late musician Dennis Brain is said to have asked a fellow train passenger to turn off his radio.When his request was refused，he took out his French horn(号) and started to practise. Taodas·29 minutes ago I did read my newspaper out loud on a train，and it turned out well.The guy took it in good part，and we chatted happily all the way to Edinburgh. Sophie76·13 minutes ago I have not tried reading my newspaper out loud on a train，but，several years ago，I read some chapters from Harry Potter to my bored and noisy children.Several passengers seemed to appreciate what I did. Where is the passage most probably taken from? A．A webpage. B．A newspaper. C．A novel. D．A report. 　 考点四： 阅读理解主旨大意题 一）、段落大意题 每个段落通常都有一个中心，段落主题句通常会出现在段落的首句或尾句，有时也会在中间。在阅读中应尽量利用有关信息确定主题句的位置。 [示例] The first thing we notice about new people are their faces.The next time we see these people, we remember them because we remember their faces. This seems like a simple process. However, scientists found that it is not such a simple process. The section of the brain that is responsible for face recognition seems to work differently for different people. Some people have great difficulty remembering and recognizing faces, while others almost never forget a face. 56. The first paragraph is mainly about ___________________________. A. the way to improve one’s face-recognition skills 　　 B. the fact that some people have face-recognition problems C. the simple process of the brain to recognize others’ faces D. the importance of face recognition in human communication 二）、文章大意题每一篇文章都有其大意，获取大意的方法是找主题句。主题句通常在文章的首段或尾段，但是有时候也出现在文章中间段落。阅读的过程中应该对每段的主题句给予特别的关注。 [示例] Too often, we measure our worth not by the results we achieve, but by how much of our time we spend. We live crazy lives, at least in part, because it makes us feel good about ourselves. 66. What does the passage mainly concerned with? A. The measurement of wealth in the current society. B. The evolution of people’s attitude towards busyness. C. The hidden reasons and effects of people’s busyness. D. The solution to prioritizing the crucial tasks in busyness. 三）、标题归纳题 标题归纳类题目应该注意其醒目性、概括性和针对性。解题时抓住文章的首段和每一段的首尾句以及一些贯穿整篇文章始终的关键词。干扰项特点：以偏概全；.断章取义；主题扩大；张冠李戴；无中生有。 [示例] But Disney’s story actually started two decades earlier with what Walt Disney called "Daddy’s Day". On Saturdays in the 1930s and 1940s, Disney would take his two daughters to ride the Griffith Park merry-go-round, which they’d enjoy while he sat on a bench dreaming of ways for families to have fun together. Disney disliked the amusement parks they often visited, seeing them as dirty, unimaginative places run by rude employees. Disneyland opened then. The 5,000 expected guests increased to 28,154, thanks to fake tickets. After the madness of opening day, Disney and his new park were criticized in the press. The media predicted a quick and early end. But the public didn’t listen. Visitors arrived in large groups, and within weeks Disneyland was a success. Over sixty years later, Disneyland’s popularity continues to grow, with total overall attendance topping 700 million and showing no signs of slowing down. 59. Which is the best title for the passage? A. Disneyland: How It All Began B. Disneyland: An Overnight Success C. Disneyland: How It Developed D. Disneyland: A Park with a Long History I was dirty, smelly, hungry and somewhere beneath all that, suntanned. It was the end of an Inter-Rail (欧洲旅游火车通票) holiday. My body couldn’t take any more punishment. My mind couldn’t deal with any more foreign timetables, currencies or languages. “Never again,” I said, as I stepped onto home ground. I said exactly the same thing the following year. And the next. All I had to do was buy one train ticket and, because I was under twenty-five years old, I could spend a whole month going anywhere I wanted in Europe. Ordinary beds are never the same once you’ve learnt to sleep in the passage of a train, the rhythm rocking you into a deep sleep. Carrying all your possessions on your back in a rucksack (背包) makes you have a very basic approach to travel, and encourages incredible wastefulness that can lead to burning socks that have become too anti-social, and getting rid of books when finished. On the other hand, this way of looking at life is entirely in the spirit of Inter-Rail, for common sense and reasoning can be thrown out of the window along with the paperback book and the socks. All it takes to achieve this carefree attitude is one of those tickets in your hand. Any system that enables young people to travel through countries at a rate of more than one a day must be pretty social. On that first trip, my friends and I were at first unaware of the possibilities of this type of train ticket, thinking it was just an inexpensive way of getting to and from our chosen camp-site in southern France. But the idea of non-stop travel proved too attractive, for there was always just one more country over the border, always that little bit further to go. And what did the extra miles cost us? Nothing. We were not completely uninterested in culture. But this was a first holiday without parents, as it was for most other Inter-Railers, and in organizing our own timetable we left out everything except the most available sights. This was the chance to escape the guided tour, an opportunity to do something different. I took great pride in the fact that, in many places, all I could be bothered to see was the view from the station. We were just there to get by, and to have good time doing so. In this we were no different from most of the other Inter-Railers with whom we shared passage floors, food and water, money and music. The excitement of travel comes from the sudden reality of somewhere that was previously just a name. It is as if the city in which you arrive never actually existed until the train pulls in at the station and you are able to see it with your own tired eyes for the first time. 31．What does the writer mean by “this way of looking at life” in Paragraph 3? A．Worrying about your clothes. B．Throwing unwanted things away. C．Behaving in an anti-social way. D．Looking after your possessions. 32．Why did the writer originally buy an Inter-Rail ticket? A．To get to one place cheaply. B．To meet other young people. C．To see a lot of famous places. D．To go on a tour of Europe. 33．What the writer liked about traveling without his parents was that_____. A．he could see more interesting places B．he could spend more time sightseeing C．he could stay away from home longer D．he could make his own decisions 34．What does “it” in the last sentence of Paragraph 6 refer to? A．A name. B．The city. C．The train. D．The station. 分类训练一　记叙文 I was born a bookworm. I can’t remember a time when I didn’t read: It was almost like breathing to me. My fictional worlds took me to all the places I needed to go and I experienced everything indirectly. My father was in the military service when I was a child, so we moved every two years, but we insisted on going to bookshops wherever we lived. He would take me to the nearest bookshop every Saturday morning and wait patiently while I browsed (随便看看)—after all, the choosing of a new book is something that cannot be rushed. And so started my lifelong love affair with bookshops. One day I was thinking up the setting for How to Find Love in a tiny bookshop when a feeling of calm, contentment, and excitement came over me. It was a feeling of perfect happiness. That was my light bulb moment: My book would be set in a bookshop, and I could explore what books meant to each of my characters and how they had shaped their lives. The book isn’t just about discovering romantic love. It’s about finding the love of books: something that can sustain you throughout your life, and provide escape, entertainment, education, comfort and wonder. And, as I learned from my own father, it’s a love you can share with everyone. There is nothing more satisfying than sharing something you have read with someone else, knowing they will love it as much as you do. But if we are to keep bookshops alive, we need to use them, and to encourage the next generation to make them a part of their life and view bookshops as a treat, a pleasure, an adventure, a gateway, so they become something we can’t live without. Thus my challenge to you, fellow readers, is to go to your local bookshops as often as possible and come out with something that might change your life. 1．Why did the author often move when she was a child? A．Because her father loved travelling. B．Because her father was in the army. C．Because her parents divorced. D．Because her parents wanted to find a better school for her. 2．Which word best describes the author’s relationship with bookshops as a child? A．Distant. B．Casual. C．Inseparable. D．Cooperative. 3．What does the underlined part “light bulb moment” in paragraph 3 mean? A．A moment of relief. B．A moment of peace. C．A moment of sudden shock. D．A moment of sudden inspiration. 4．What does the author call on readers to do? A．Purchase her books. B．Go frequent book shopping. C．Share books with others. D．Sponsor local bookshops. 分类训练二　应用文 Oklahoma School Testing Program for English Language Arts Purpose This testing assessment system uses different types of assessment to gather evidence to provide timely, relevant, actionable, and reliable information about what students know and can do relative to a set of standards Test Structure, Format, and Scoring The English Language Arts operational test is meant to be administered in two sessions within one day with a break between sessions or on two instructional days in a row. Each section of the test consists of 25 operational items and 5 field-test items. Test Administration Details Paper/pencil testing is administrated in this test. Due to the nature of a paper test booklet, students may have to turn over pages to read passages and to read the associated test items. Students will be able to use scratch paper and/or unmarked grid (方格) paper for the paper. The scratch paper must be collected and destroyed by the test administrator immediately following the test. 5．How many test items are there in total? A．60. B．50. C．30. D．25. 6．What can not be done in the test? A．Using unmarked grid paper. B．Using a pencil. C．Taking away scratch paper. D．Turning over pages. 7．Where is the text probably taken from? A．A textbook. B．An exam guideline. C．An exam paper. D．A course schedule. When most people think of drones (无人机), they think of technology and fun. Safe to say, few people would think about farming. However, a group of students from York College of Pennsylvania have been building a drone that will not only help local farmers but the environment, as well. Samantha Gotwalt and Blayde Reich, two senior Mechanical Engineering majors at York College in the group, both found the work to be quite fascinating. According to Samantha, the idea came from a York College professor, who has worked with drones, and wanted to get students involved with a project beneficial to the community. “We really want to help farming and agriculture. It’s super-important to America and our economy,” Blayde says. “We want to help the smaller farmers, and one of the benefits is not having to spend their money on fertilizer and pesticides (杀虫剂).” The idea is to design and build a drone that will take video imagery of the fields to determine what is needed to produce the best crop, while saving money and sparing the environment by reducing pollutants in the runoff water. Ideally, that data gained will help the farmers better determine what chemicals they need — and what they don’t. However, finding the right equipment for the project was a challenge, starting with what drone the team would design for this particular usage. Samantha says she researched durability and control of drones to help make the proper determination. “We are flying over the field and we want to have enough efficiency and go relatively slow enough that our pictures turn out well and fly low enough that it is not using up all of its power,” she says. “The fields are a couple hundred acres, so you need your drone to be able to fly the length of that field.” Blayde says the team continues to learn a great deal of information that will help the farmers and the environment. 8．Why do students from York College of Pennsylvania build the drone? A．To enrich students’ amusement activities. B．To help farming and agriculture. C．To confirm the students’ abilities. D．To obtain more information about the drone. 9．What particular usage is the drone designed for? A．Measuring the areas of the fields. B．Assisting to monitor the state of crops. C．Spreading proper quantities of pesticides. D．Helping to determine the chemicals needed. 10．What technical issue of the drone shall be solved? A．Its camera version. B．Its durability and control. C．Its flying ability. D．Its further service. 11．What can best describe the students? A．Responsible and creative. B．Experienced and generous. C．Brilliant and grateful. D．Reliable and realistic. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题19：高中新题型之阅读理解 （初高考点差异及衔接） 初中要求 要求学生能够通过阅读理解短文大意，获取主要信息，并能做出正确判断。上海中考阅读理解A篇单选，以应用文或说明文为主，细节题居多。 高中要求 高中阶段，阅读材料在句长方面有所提升，句子变长变难，整体阅读难度加大。新课标和高考要求学生提高文本理解能力，掌握信息的准确性，深入理解文章内容。上海高考阅读理解单选3篇，A篇以记叙文或新闻报道为主，B篇以应用文为主，C篇为说明文或议论文。考题含细节题、推理题、词义猜测、主旨大意等。 【初中考点聚焦】 1. 阅读技巧和策略：强调主题式阅读，要求学生能够通过阅读理解短文大意，获取主要信息，并能做出正确判断。 2. 阅读速度：中考阅读理解要求学生的阅读速度为每分钟40-50个词3。 3. 阅读材料：中考阅读理解的材料题材广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等；体裁多样，如记叙文、说明文、应用文等。 4. 考查内容：包括掌握所读材料的主旨和大意、把握文章的事实和细节、根据上下文猜测生词的含义。 5. 课外阅读量：初中毕业时课外阅读量需达到150000词。 【示例】 Jane, a reporter, is collecting information for the local newspaper. She is interested in the following things introduced in a magazine. Smart Schoolbag Forget to pack the books you need into your schoolbag in the morning rush? A schoolboy aged 11 has invented a schoolbag. It tells you which books to pack. A small computer and a scanner（扫描装置）are fixed in the bag. As each book is put into the bag, it is checked by the scanner. If any book is missing, a message will be shown on the computer screen to remind you. Weather Sweets Can you eat weather? A university makes that happen. It uses a 3D printer to create sweets based on the weather information of a certain day. The shapes of the sweets are affected by wind speed. The colors of the sweets are decided by temperature. The sweets act as a weather record of the day when they are made. Sunrise Bed It’s hard for you to get up in the morning, isn’t it? To help you get up, a company has created a “tool” —a sunrise bed. It wakes you up gently as a sunrise does. Lights built into the bed turn on and start to get brighter and brighter. When the lights are fully on, soft music will begin to play. It will be louder and louder until you turn it off. The company explains, “The gentle light tells your body that it is morning, so it stops producing a chemical that helps you sleep.” 55. The smart schoolbag has been invented by ________. A. a reporter B. a schoolboy C. a university D. a company 56. What can the smart schoolbag do? A. Help you repair computers. B. Tell you when to pack books. C. Teach you how to fix screens. D. Remind you of the missing books. 57. ________ affect(s) the shapes of the weather sweets. A. Colors B. Wind speed C. Temperature D. 3D printers 58. Which of the following shows how a sunrise bed wakes you up? A. lights on → music on → lights brighter → music louder B. music on → music louder → lights on → lights brighter C. lights on → lights brighter → music on → music louder D. music on → lights on → music louder → lights brighter 59. What does the underlined word “it” in Sunrise Bed refer to? A. Your body. B. The bed. C. The light. D. Your room. 60. In which section of the magazine has Jane most probably found the information? A. Wonderful food. B. Future schools. C. Amazing inventions. D. Modern furniture. 【答案】55. B 56. D 57. B 58. C 59. A 60. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了智能书包、天气糖果、日出的床三项发明。 【55题详解】 细节理解题。根据“A schoolboy aged 11 has invented a schoolbag.”可知，一名11岁的男孩发明了这款智能书包。故选B。 【56题详解】 细节理解题。根据“If any book is missing, a message will be shown on the computer screen to remind you.”可知，这款智能书包可以提醒你忘记放进书包里的书。故选D。 【57题详解】 细节理解题。根据“The shapes of the sweets are affected by wind speed.”可知，风速影响天气糖果的形状。故选B。 【58题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Lights built into the bed turn on and start to get brighter and brighter.”及“soft music will begin to play. It will be louder and louder until you turn it off.”可知，日出床叫醒人的步骤是：灯先打开，然后灯光变得越来越亮，其次音乐打开，最后音乐的声音越来越大。故选C。 【59题详解】 推理判断题。根据“The gentle light tells your body that it is morning, so it stops producing a chemical that helps you sleep.”可知，柔和的光线会告诉你的身体现在是早晨，所以身体会停止产生有助于睡眠的化学物质；能产生化学物质的是“你的身体”，故it指代“身体”。故选A。 【60题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了三项发明，故在“Amazing inventions”版块可发现此文章。故选C。 【高中考点聚焦】 考纲解读 1. 词汇量要求：新高考对词汇量有较高的要求，新教材中甚至出现了超纲词汇。 2. 阅读材料的难度：阅读材料在句长方面有所提升，句子变长变难，整体阅读难度加大。 3. 阅读量的提升：新高考英语强调阅读量的重视，要求学生有较大的阅读量。 4. 综合运用英语的能力：高中英语教学的基本要求是培养学生综合运用英语的能力，包括全面理解和批判性思考的能力。 5. 英语学科核心素养：新课标背景下，高中英语阅读教学注重培养学生的英语核心素养，包括语言能力、文化意识、思维品质和学习能力。 总体来说，上海高考英语关于阅读理解要求考生应能：理解主旨要义；理解文中具体信息；根据上下文推断生词的词义；作出简单判断和推理；理解文章的基本结构；理解作者的意图和态度。 考点清单 考点一： 阅读理解细节题 一般根据短文提供的信息和事实进行提问，命题人往往通过对文章细节加以改写来考查考生准确理解细节的能力。细节理解题在高考阅读理解中占有相当大的比例，几乎占据了阅读理解总题量的“半壁江山”。这类题考点可以源自段内的单句信息理解，也可以来自段落内综合信息的理解。考查内容涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、方式以及在议论文中可以涉及例证的细节和定义类的细节。 解答细节理解的直接信息题时，由于题目普遍较容易，不必通篇细读全文，一般是先通过题干信息来选择定位关键词。运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与题干有关的关键词，找出相关的句子，得出正确答案。 考查间接信息题时，正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。常用方式是同义词替换或释义，即把文中语言(词汇和结构)改头换面，来表达相同的意思。常见的命题方式通常有： 1.特殊疑问句形式。以when, where, what, which, who, how much/many等疑问词开头引出的问题； 2. 以是非题的形式。true /false, not true / false或EXCEPT，这种题型必考； 3. 以According to… 开头提问方式； 命题点01 直接信息题 [示例] $25.00 recommended for adults, $12.00 recommended for students, includes the Main Building and The Cloisters (回廊) on the same day; free for children under 12 with an adult. ... 56．How much may they pay if an 11­year­old girl and her working parents visit the museum? A．$12. B．$37. C．$50. D．$62. 【答案】C　 【解析】细节理解题。根据题干关键词How much和pay可迅速定位到原文信息“$25.00 recommended for adults, $12.00 recommended for students, includes the Main Building and The Cloisters (回廊) on the same day; free for children under 12 with an adult.”可知，成人票价25美元，12岁以下儿童在大人的陪同下免费。因而11岁的女孩和其父母只需支付两张成人票款即可。故选C。 命题点02 间接信息题 [示例] New analysis of these scans revealed that activity in the same regions Chen’s group had accurately pointed out in mice, the aDCN, appeared to be significantly disturbed in humans with Prader-Willi syndrome. In healthy individuals, the aDCN were more active in response to food images while fasting than just after a meal, but no such difference was identifiable in participants with the disorder. The result suggested that the aDCN were involved in controlling hunger. 44. According to the project conducted by the researchers, ________. A. the healthy testees were more likely to overeat after fasting B. food images increased the appetite of the testees with Prader-Willi syndrome C. the aDCN in the healthy testees responded to food images more actively after fasting D. the aDCN in the testees with Prader-Willi syndrome made no response to food images 【答案】 44. C 【解析】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“ In healthy individuals, the aDCN were more active in response to food images while fasting than just after a meal, but no such difference was identifiable in participants with the disorder. (在健康个体中，与饭后相比，禁食时aDCN对食物图像的反应更为积极，但在患有这种疾病的参与者中没有发现这种差异。)”可知，健康受试者的aDCN在禁食后对食物图像的反应更积极。故选C。 考点二： 阅读理解词义猜测题 命题点01单词或短语猜测 1. 根据定义推测词义： 有时作者会通过给词汇下定义来帮助读者理解该词的基本含义，如线索词that is, or, namely, in other words, that is to say, to be more exact, to put it another way, which is等。 2. 根据举例推测词义： 有时，划线部分后会根由一些具体的例子，这些例子可以帮助考试理解该词的词义。线索词such as, such...as, for example, for instance, like , including, especially等。 3. 根据对比关系或转折关系推测词义： 表达对比或转折关系的词需注意but, yet, however, while, unlike, instead, similarly, on the contrary, in contrast to等。 4. 根据同义词或并列结构推测词义： 在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者为了避免语言的单调和重复，会使用意思相同或相近的词，此时，只要知道其中一个词的意思，就能猜出另一个词的意思。 5. 根据构词法推测词义： 英语中的很多词汇，尤其是不断出现的新词大多是通过构词法生成的，因此，掌握主要的构词法有助于猜测词义。 6. 根据因果关系推测词义： 因果关系时一种常见的提供生词词义信息的逻辑关系。根据线索词as, since, because, for , so, thus, consequently, therefore, hence, due to, result in, result from, as a result, for this reason, accordingly, so...that, such...that等可知上下句存在因果，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。 [示例] A listener whose head is in some “sweet spot” hears high-quality sound. But as one gels farther from the sweet spot, the sound diminishes. That’s because sound waves from different loudspeakers interact to cancel out each other’s sound. What does the underlined word “diminishes” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Becomes lower. B．Travels faster. C．Gets sweeter. D．Sounds nicer. 易错分析：不能看出画线部分词根中mini含义“微型，袖珍的”，且未能关注上句but前后两句话之间的转折意义是错误主要原因。 【答案】A 【解析】词义猜测题。根据上文内容以及后句“That’s because sound waves from different loudspeakers interact to cancel out each other’s sound.（这是因为来自不同扬声器的声波相互作用，相互抵消对方的声音）”可知，这种技术是通过降噪处理消除对别人的干扰，因此推断划线句句意：但当你远离最佳点时，声音就会减弱。故判断该词义为“声音变小”。故选A。 命题点02 句子意义猜测 定位：定位划线句，利用语法和逻辑关系准确分析原卷 分析：分析理解划线句前后语境，合理推断句意 归纳：归纳总结，找出与原句意思完全吻合的选项 [示例] Last year, after a winter of practicing skiing on the green tracks for beginners each week, Alicia was french-frying her way down blues and even attempted her first black. That month also witnessed me visiting the mountain more times than in the 15 years combined and I’ve got myself a partner for life. ...... What does the father imply by saying “I’ve got myself a partner for life.”? A．It is rewarding to learn new skills. B．Skiing has become his lifelong hobby. C．He will explore more with his daughter. D．His daughter will accompany him forever. 【答案】C 【解析】句意猜测题。根据第二段“Watching your kids learn new skills is extraordinarily rewarding, but I’ve experienced more personal growth than I have at any other point in my life.”（看着你的孩子学习新技能是非常值得的，但我经历的个人成长比我生命中其他任何时候都要多。）以及划线句前“Last year, after a winter of practicing skiing on the green tracks for beginners each week, Alicia was french-frying her way down blues and even attempted her first black. That month also witnessed me visiting the mountain more times than in the 15 years combined ”（去年，艾丽西亚在为初学者准备的绿色雪道上练习了一个冬天的滑雪之后，她在蓝色中级雪道一路摸索，甚至尝试了她的第一个黑色钻石雪道。那个月我去山上的次数比过去15年的总和还多）可知，孩子在探索的同时，我也在探索。所以划线句的意思是他将和女儿一起探索更多。故选C。 考点三： 阅读理解推理判断题 一）：推断隐含意义 (1)抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理：在原文中确定推理依据的位置或范围后，要善于抓住关键信息去分析判断；(2)整合全文/段信息进行推断：有时需要在弄懂全文或全段的基础上，整合与题目相关的有效信息去进行综合推断，才能确定最佳选项。无论哪种推断形式必须以文章所提供的事实内容为依据，切忌凭空想象。 [示例] 二）：推断写作意图 (1)记叙文：通常会在首段或尾段出现高度概括性语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有叙述都围绕该哲理展开； (2)应用文：文章常对某事物或服务进行详细介绍，使用具有明显倾向性的语言； (3)说明文：其写作意图依赖于对文章主题句的把握，应找准主题句； (4)议论文：一般开头提出某论点，中间进行论证，最后得出结论，写作意图常隐含于最后一部分中。 [示例] (节选) Don’t bring meat, meat products, milk and dairy products from non-EU countries to Finland! A ban on personal imports applies to meat and dairy products brought into Finland by travelers or ordered and sent through the post. The ban applies to food stuffs intended for personal consumption or as gifts and to pet food. If you have food products of animal origin with you, throw them in a waste container in the point of entry or contact Customs! Whom is this notice intended for? A. Food importers in Finland. B. Travelers to Finland. C. Citizens in EU countries. D. Medical staff from non-EU countries. 【答案B [解析] 写作意图类推断题。该应用文是芬兰食品管理局发出的一封共同抵御动物疾病，特别是非洲猪瘟的通知，并对人们进行了建议和指引。本题要求判断文章所面向的读者群体，这是一篇由政府官方管理机构发出的通知，综合全文，特别是第一段末尾部分“…even if they are packed for personal consumption or intended as gifts. Travelers like you play an important role in preventing the spread of animal diseases.”提到，即使你是私人肉制品消费或是把相关动物产品买来当礼物，也有传播动物疾病的风险，像你这样的（普通）旅行者在防控动物疾病传播中扮演了十分重要的角色，所以这篇文章是写给来芬兰旅游的人（travelers）看的，故选B。 三）：推断观点态度 (1)注意作者或文中人物的措辞：①分析字里行间所隐含的意思，切忌用自己观点代替作者或文中人物的观点；②留意相关氛围的语言及表达情感态度或观点的词句，这些常流露于修饰语之中；③结合英语国 家的文化传统或风俗习惯等背景知识进行合理推断。 [示例] Our own experience working together on health，development，and energy the last twenty years has been one of the most rewarding parts of our lives.It has changed who we are and continues to fuel our optimism about how much the lives of the poorest people will improve in the years ahead. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．The author believes the lives of the poorest will get better. B．Much more progress will be made in the near future. C．The work on health is the most valuable experience. D．People’s efforts have been materially rewarded. 答案　A [解析]　推理判断题。根据本段最后提到的“It has changed who we are and continues to fuel our optimism about how much the lives of the poorest people will improve in the years ahead.”知穷人的生活将会变更好。 四）：推断文章出处和目标读者 (1)广告：语言简洁鲜明，有亮点； (2)报刊：时事性强，分不同板块，高考中常以政治、生活的话题为主； (3)杂志：覆盖生活各个层面，更贴近幕后，更贴近生活； (4)产品说明书：对某产品的功能特色及操作方式等做出介绍； (5)药品说明：说明药品的服用时间、次数、药量、禁忌等； (6)网络：文体不限，找到click here，download，up­load，link，mouse, surf等网络标志语。 [示例] ........... Pak50·57 minutes ago Why not give it a try? Perhaps you should take lessons on a musical instrument.The late musician Dennis Brain is said to have asked a fellow train passenger to turn off his radio.When his request was refused，he took out his French horn(号) and started to practise. Taodas·29 minutes ago I did read my newspaper out loud on a train，and it turned out well.The guy took it in good part，and we chatted happily all the way to Edinburgh. Sophie76·13 minutes ago I have not tried reading my newspaper out loud on a train，but，several years ago，I read some chapters from Harry Potter to my bored and noisy children.Several passengers seemed to appreciate what I did. Where is the passage most probably taken from? A．A webpage. B．A newspaper. C．A novel. D．A report. 答案　A [解析]　文章出处题。根据文章的写作风格以及每个帖子的时间提示可知，应该最有可能来自于网页。 考点四： 阅读理解主旨大意题 一）、段落大意题 每个段落通常都有一个中心，段落主题句通常会出现在段落的首句或尾句，有时也会在中间。在阅读中应尽量利用有关信息确定主题句的位置。 [示例] The first thing we notice about new people are their faces.The next time we see these people, we remember them because we remember their faces. This seems like a simple process. However, scientists found that it is not such a simple process. The section of the brain that is responsible for face recognition seems to work differently for different people. Some people have great difficulty remembering and recognizing faces, while others almost never forget a face. 56. The first paragraph is mainly about ___________________________. A. the way to improve one’s face-recognition skills 　　 B. the fact that some people have face-recognition problems C. the simple process of the brain to recognize others’ faces D. the importance of face recognition in human communication 【答案】56.B 【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Some people have great difficulty remembering and recognizing faces, while others almost never forget a face.”（有些人很难记住和辨认面孔，而另一些人几乎永远不会忘记面孔。）可知，第一段主要想说明，事实上，有些人有面部识别问题。故选B项。 二）、文章大意题 每一篇文章都有其大意，获取大意的方法是找主题句。主题句通常在文章的首段或尾段，但是有时候也出现在文章中间段落。阅读的过程中应该对每段的主题句给予特别的关注。 [示例] Too often, we measure our worth not by the results we achieve, but by how much of our time we spend. We live crazy lives, at least in part, because it makes us feel good about ourselves. 66. What does the passage mainly concerned with? A. The measurement of wealth in the current society. B. The evolution of people’s attitude towards busyness. C. The hidden reasons and effects of people’s busyness. D. The solution to prioritizing the crucial tasks in busyness. 【答案】 66. C 【解析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段Too often, we measure our worth not by the results we achieve, but by how much of our time we spend. We live crazy lives, at least in part, because it makes us feel good about ourselves.“很多时候，我们衡量自己的价值不是看我们取得了什么成果，而是看我们花了多少时间。我们过着疯狂的生活，至少在一定程度上是因为它让我们自我感觉良好。”可知，本文讲述的是人们忙碌背后的原因和影响。故选C。 三）、标题归纳题 标题归纳类题目应该注意其醒目性、概括性和针对性。解题时抓住文章的首段和每一段的首尾句以及一些贯穿整篇文章始终的关键词。干扰项特点：以偏概全；.断章取义；主题扩大；张冠李戴；无中生有。 [示例] But Disney’s story actually started two decades earlier with what Walt Disney called "Daddy’s Day". On Saturdays in the 1930s and 1940s, Disney would take his two daughters to ride the Griffith Park merry-go-round, which they’d enjoy while he sat on a bench dreaming of ways for families to have fun together. Disney disliked the amusement parks they often visited, seeing them as dirty, unimaginative places run by rude employees. Disneyland opened then. The 5,000 expected guests increased to 28,154, thanks to fake tickets. After the madness of opening day, Disney and his new park were criticized in the press. The media predicted a quick and early end. But the public didn’t listen. Visitors arrived in large groups, and within weeks Disneyland was a success. Over sixty years later, Disneyland’s popularity continues to grow, with total overall attendance topping 700 million and showing no signs of slowing down. 59. Which is the best title for the passage? A. Disneyland: How It All Began B. Disneyland: An Overnight Success C. Disneyland: How It Developed D. Disneyland: A Park with a Long History 【答案】 59. A 【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段中句子“But Disney’s story actually started two decades earlier with what Walt Disney called "Daddy’s Day". ”（但实际上，迪士尼的故事始于20年前沃尔特·迪士尼所谓的“爸爸节”。）和倒数第二段第一句“Disneyland opened then.”迪士尼开业了可知，整篇文章都在写迪士尼是如何开始并建成的故事。所以短文的最佳标题为“迪士尼乐园:一切是如何开始的”。故选A项。 I was dirty, smelly, hungry and somewhere beneath all that, suntanned. It was the end of an Inter-Rail (欧洲旅游火车通票) holiday. My body couldn’t take any more punishment. My mind couldn’t deal with any more foreign timetables, currencies or languages. “Never again,” I said, as I stepped onto home ground. I said exactly the same thing the following year. And the next. All I had to do was buy one train ticket and, because I was under twenty-five years old, I could spend a whole month going anywhere I wanted in Europe. Ordinary beds are never the same once you’ve learnt to sleep in the passage of a train, the rhythm rocking you into a deep sleep. Carrying all your possessions on your back in a rucksack (背包) makes you have a very basic approach to travel, and encourages incredible wastefulness that can lead to burning socks that have become too anti-social, and getting rid of books when finished. On the other hand, this way of looking at life is entirely in the spirit of Inter-Rail, for common sense and reasoning can be thrown out of the window along with the paperback book and the socks. All it takes to achieve this carefree attitude is one of those tickets in your hand. Any system that enables young people to travel through countries at a rate of more than one a day must be pretty social. On that first trip, my friends and I were at first unaware of the possibilities of this type of train ticket, thinking it was just an inexpensive way of getting to and from our chosen camp-site in southern France. But the idea of non-stop travel proved too attractive, for there was always just one more country over the border, always that little bit further to go. And what did the extra miles cost us? Nothing. We were not completely uninterested in culture. But this was a first holiday without parents, as it was for most other Inter-Railers, and in organizing our own timetable we left out everything except the most available sights. This was the chance to escape the guided tour, an opportunity to do something different. I took great pride in the fact that, in many places, all I could be bothered to see was the view from the station. We were just there to get by, and to have good time doing so. In this we were no different from most of the other Inter-Railers with whom we shared passage floors, food and water, money and music. The excitement of travel comes from the sudden reality of somewhere that was previously just a name. It is as if the city in which you arrive never actually existed until the train pulls in at the station and you are able to see it with your own tired eyes for the first time. 31．What does the writer mean by “this way of looking at life” in Paragraph 3? A．Worrying about your clothes. B．Throwing unwanted things away. C．Behaving in an anti-social way. D．Looking after your possessions. 32．Why did the writer originally buy an Inter-Rail ticket? A．To get to one place cheaply. B．To meet other young people. C．To see a lot of famous places. D．To go on a tour of Europe. 33．What the writer liked about traveling without his parents was that_____. A．he could see more interesting places B．he could spend more time sightseeing C．he could stay away from home longer D．he could make his own decisions 34．What does “it” in the last sentence of Paragraph 6 refer to? A．A name. B．The city. C．The train. D．The station. 【答案】31．B 32．A 33．D 34．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者通过国际铁路旅行的经历及其感受。 31．词句猜测题。由第三段中的“Carrying all your possessions on your back in a rucksack (背包) makes you have a very basic approach to travel, and encourages incredible wastefulness that can lead to burning socks that have become too anti-social, and getting rid of books when finished. On the other hand, this way of looking at life is entirely in the spirit of Inter-Rail, for common sense and reasoning can be thrown out of the window along with the paperback book and the socks. (把你所有的东西都背在背包里，这让你有了一个非常基本的旅行方式，并鼓励难以置信的浪费可能会导致你想烧掉的那些已经变得太反社会的袜子，并在读完书后扔掉书。另一方面，this way of looking at life完全符合国际铁路的精神，因为常识和推理可以与平装书和袜子一起被抛到窗外)”可知，作者通过国际铁路旅行，可以忽视常识和推理，把看过的书和臭袜子等一起扔出窗外，可得出“this way of looking at life”指的是“扔掉不需要的东西”。故选B项。 32．细节理解题。由第四段中的“On that first trip, my friends and I were at first unaware of the possibilities of this type of train ticket, thinking it was just an inexpensive way of getting to and from our chosen camp-site in southern France. (在第一次旅行中，我和我的朋友一开始并不知道这种火车票的可能性，认为这只是一种往返于我们选择的法国南部营地的廉价方式)”可知，作者最初购买国际火车票是因为这种交通方式可以让人便宜到达一个地方。故选A项。 33．细节理解题。由第五段中的“But this was a first holiday without parents, as it was for most other Inter-Railers, and in organizing our own timetable we left out everything except the most available sights. (但这是第一个没有父母的假期，就像大多数其他国际旅行者一样，在安排我们自己的时间表时，我们忽略了除了最常见的景点之外的一切)”可知，作者喜欢没有父母的旅行是因为作者可以自己做决定，安排自己的时间表。故选D项。 34．词句猜测题。由第六段中的“It is as if the city in which you arrive never actually existed until the train pulls in at the station and you are able to see it with your own tired eyes for the first time. (就好像你到达的城市从未真正存在过，直到火车进站，你才能够第一次用疲惫的眼睛看到it)”可知，该句关键词是城市，可得出it指代上文的“城市（The city）”。故选B项。 分类训练一　记叙文 I was born a bookworm. I can’t remember a time when I didn’t read: It was almost like breathing to me. My fictional worlds took me to all the places I needed to go and I experienced everything indirectly. My father was in the military service when I was a child, so we moved every two years, but we insisted on going to bookshops wherever we lived. He would take me to the nearest bookshop every Saturday morning and wait patiently while I browsed (随便看看)—after all, the choosing of a new book is something that cannot be rushed. And so started my lifelong love affair with bookshops. One day I was thinking up the setting for How to Find Love in a tiny bookshop when a feeling of calm, contentment, and excitement came over me. It was a feeling of perfect happiness. That was my light bulb moment: My book would be set in a bookshop, and I could explore what books meant to each of my characters and how they had shaped their lives. The book isn’t just about discovering romantic love. It’s about finding the love of books: something that can sustain you throughout your life, and provide escape, entertainment, education, comfort and wonder. And, as I learned from my own father, it’s a love you can share with everyone. There is nothing more satisfying than sharing something you have read with someone else, knowing they will love it as much as you do. But if we are to keep bookshops alive, we need to use them, and to encourage the next generation to make them a part of their life and view bookshops as a treat, a pleasure, an adventure, a gateway, so they become something we can’t live without. Thus my challenge to you, fellow readers, is to go to your local bookshops as often as possible and come out with something that might change your life. 1．Why did the author often move when she was a child? A．Because her father loved travelling. B．Because her father was in the army. C．Because her parents divorced. D．Because her parents wanted to find a better school for her. 2．Which word best describes the author’s relationship with bookshops as a child? A．Distant. B．Casual. C．Inseparable. D．Cooperative. 3．What does the underlined part “light bulb moment” in paragraph 3 mean? A．A moment of relief. B．A moment of peace. C．A moment of sudden shock. D．A moment of sudden inspiration. 4．What does the author call on readers to do? A．Purchase her books. B．Go frequent book shopping. C．Share books with others. D．Sponsor local bookshops. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章作者通过个人的经历和感受，阐述了书籍和书店对个人生活的重要性。文章不仅表达了对书籍和书店的热爱，还鼓励大家多去当地的书店，发现可能改变生活的书籍。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“My father was in the military service when I was a child, so we moved every two years, but we insisted on going to bookshops wherever we lived.(当我还是个孩子的时候，我父亲在军队服役，所以我们每两年搬家一次，但我们坚持无论住在哪里都要去书店。)”可知，作者小时候之所以经常搬家是因为作者的父亲在军队服役。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“He would take me to the nearest bookshop every Saturday morning and wait patiently while I browsed (随便看看)—after all, the choosing of a new book is something that cannot be rushed. And so started my lifelong love affair with bookshops. (每周六早上，他都会带我去最近的书店，耐心地等着我随便看看——毕竟，选择一本新书是不能着急的。于是，我开始了对书店的终生热爱。)”可知，作者的父亲每周六早上都会带她去附近的书店，耐心地等待她挑选新书，并且作者从此开始了与书店的终身情缘。因此，可以推断出作者与书店的关系是密不可分的。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词组上文“One day I was thinking up the setting for How to Find Love in a tiny bookshop when a feeling of calm, contentment, and excitement came over me. It was a feeling of perfect happiness.(一天，我正在一家小书店里构思《如何找到爱》的故事背景，突然一种平静、满足和兴奋的感觉涌上心头。这是一种完美幸福的感觉。)”可知，作者描述了当她构思《如何找到爱》这本书的设定时，她突然感到一种平静、满足和兴奋的感觉，这是她人生中的一次“light bulb moment”。这种描述暗示着这是一个突然之间产生的灵感或启示，因此“light bulb moment”指的是“一个突然产生灵感的时刻”。选项A“A moment of relief. (解脱的时刻)”；选项B“A moment of peace (和平的时刻)”；选项C“A moment of sudden shock (突然震惊的时刻)”；选项D“A moment of sudden inspiration (突然产生的灵感)”。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Thus my challenge to you, fellow readers, is to go to your local bookshops as often as possible and come out with something that might change your life.(因此，读者朋友们，我对你们的挑战是，尽可能多地去当地的书店，买一些可能会改变你生活的书。)”可知，作者呼吁读者尽可能频繁地去当地的书店，并且找到可能改变你生活的书。故选B。 分类训练二　应用文 Oklahoma School Testing Program for English Language Arts Purpose This testing assessment system uses different types of assessment to gather evidence to provide timely, relevant, actionable, and reliable information about what students know and can do relative to a set of standards Test Structure, Format, and Scoring The English Language Arts operational test is meant to be administered in two sessions within one day with a break between sessions or on two instructional days in a row. Each section of the test consists of 25 operational items and 5 field-test items. Test Administration Details Paper/pencil testing is administrated in this test. Due to the nature of a paper test booklet, students may have to turn over pages to read passages and to read the associated test items. Students will be able to use scratch paper and/or unmarked grid (方格) paper for the paper. The scratch paper must be collected and destroyed by the test administrator immediately following the test. 5．How many test items are there in total? A．60. B．50. C．30. D．25. 6．What can not be done in the test? A．Using unmarked grid paper. B．Using a pencil. C．Taking away scratch paper. D．Turning over pages. 7．Where is the text probably taken from? A．A textbook. B．An exam guideline. C．An exam paper. D．A course schedule. 【答案】5．A 6．C 7．B 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了俄克拉荷马州英语语言艺术学校测试计划的相关信息，包括该测试计划的目的、测试的结构、格式、评分方法以及测试管理的具体细节。 5．细节理解题。根据文章“Test Structure, Format, and Scoring”部分中的“The English Language Arts operational test is meant to be administered in two sessions within one day with a break between sessions or on two instructional days in a row. Each section of the test consists of 25 operational items and 5 field-test items.(英语语言艺术操作测试将在一天内分两次进行，中间有休息时间，或者连续两天进行。每段测试由25个操作项目和5个现场测试项目组成)”可知，测试分两次，每段测试由25个操作项目和5个现场测试项目组成。由此可知，总测试项目数是2个部分各30个测试项目，总共是60个测试项目。故选A。 6．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Students will be able to use scratch paper and/or unmarked grid (方格) paper for the paper. The scratch paper must be collected and destroyed by the test administrator immediately following the test.(学生可以使用草稿纸和/或未标记的方格纸来完成论文。草稿纸必须由考试管理员在考试结束后立即收集并销毁)”可知，学生可以使用草稿纸和/或未标记的方格纸，但草稿纸必须在测试后立即由测试管理员收集并销毁。由此可知，学生不能带走草稿纸。故选C。 7．推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，文章主要介绍了“Oklahoma School Testing Program for English Language Arts”的测试目的、结构、格式、评分方法以及测试管理的具体细节。这些内容通常出现在考试的指导手册或指南中，以向参与考试的学生、教师和管理人员提供详细的考试信息和指导。由此推知，这段文本最有可能来自于一个考试指南。故选B。 分类训练三　说明文 When most people think of drones (无人机), they think of technology and fun. Safe to say, few people would think about farming. However, a group of students from York College of Pennsylvania have been building a drone that will not only help local farmers but the environment, as well. Samantha Gotwalt and Blayde Reich, two senior Mechanical Engineering majors at York College in the group, both found the work to be quite fascinating. According to Samantha, the idea came from a York College professor, who has worked with drones, and wanted to get students involved with a project beneficial to the community. “We really want to help farming and agriculture. It’s super-important to America and our economy,” Blayde says. “We want to help the smaller farmers, and one of the benefits is not having to spend their money on fertilizer and pesticides (杀虫剂).” The idea is to design and build a drone that will take video imagery of the fields to determine what is needed to produce the best crop, while saving money and sparing the environment by reducing pollutants in the runoff water. Ideally, that data gained will help the farmers better determine what chemicals they need — and what they don’t. However, finding the right equipment for the project was a challenge, starting with what drone the team would design for this particular usage. Samantha says she researched durability and control of drones to help make the proper determination. “We are flying over the field and we want to have enough efficiency and go relatively slow enough that our pictures turn out well and fly low enough that it is not using up all of its power,” she says. “The fields are a couple hundred acres, so you need your drone to be able to fly the length of that field.” Blayde says the team continues to learn a great deal of information that will help the farmers and the environment. 8．Why do students from York College of Pennsylvania build the drone? A．To enrich students’ amusement activities. B．To help farming and agriculture. C．To confirm the students’ abilities. D．To obtain more information about the drone. 9．What particular usage is the drone designed for? A．Measuring the areas of the fields. B．Assisting to monitor the state of crops. C．Spreading proper quantities of pesticides. D．Helping to determine the chemicals needed. 10．What technical issue of the drone shall be solved? A．Its camera version. B．Its durability and control. C．Its flying ability. D．Its further service. 11．What can best describe the students? A．Responsible and creative. B．Experienced and generous. C．Brilliant and grateful. D．Reliable and realistic. 【答案】8．B 9．D 10．B 11．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了来自宾夕法尼亚约克学院的一群学生正在建造一架无人机，帮助当地农民和保护环境的事。 8．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“However, a group of students from York College of Pennsylvania have been building a drone that will not only help local farmers but the environment, as well. (然而，宾夕法尼亚州约克学院的一群学生一直在制造一种无人机，它不仅可以帮助当地农民，还可以帮助环境。)”可知，来自宾夕法尼亚约克学院的学生建造无人机是为了帮助当地农民和保护环境。故选B项。 9．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Ideally, that data gained will help the farmers better determine what chemicals they need — and what they don’t. (理想情况下，获得的数据将帮助农民更好地确定他们需要哪些化学品，以及他们不需要什么化学品。)”可知，无人机的具体用途是帮助确定所需的化学品。故选D项。 10．细节理解题。根据第四段“However, finding the right equipment for the project was a challenge, starting with what drone the team would design for this particular usage. Samantha says she researched durability and control of drones to help make the proper determination. (然而，为该项目找到合适的设备是一个挑战，首先是团队将为这种特定用途设计什么无人机。萨曼莎说，她研究了无人机的耐用性和控制，以帮助做出正确的决定。)”可知，制作无人机遇到了挑战。需要解决无人机的耐用性和控制能力。故选B项。 11．推理判断题。根据第二段中的““We really want to help farming and agriculture. It’s super-important to America and our economy,” Blayde says. “We want to help the smaller farmers, and one of the benefits is not having to spend their money on fertilizer and pesticides (杀虫剂).” (“我们真的想帮助务农和农业。这对美国和我们的经济来说非常重要”，布莱德说。“我们想帮助小农户，其中一个好处是不必把钱花在化肥和杀虫剂上。”)”可推知，他们是有责任心的，结合第三段中“The idea is to design and build a drone that will take video imagery of the fields to determine what is needed to produce the best crop, while saving money and sparing the environment by reducing pollutants in the runoff water. (这个想法是设计和建造一架无人机，该无人机将拍摄田地的视频图像，以确定生产最佳作物所需的条件，同时通过减少径流水中的污染物来节省资金并保护环境。)”可推知，他们是有创造力的。故选A项。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$