专题13：定语从句之关系副词用法（初高考点差异及衔接） -2024年初升高英语无忧衔接（上海专用）

专题13：定语从句之关系副词用法 （初高考点差异及衔接） 初中要求 初中阶段重点在于识别定语从句的基本结构，掌握基本的关系副词用法，when（时间）、where（地点）、why（原因）。 高中要求 高中阶段的学习要求学生能够灵活运用这些关系副词，并在更复杂的语境中准确表达意思。在某些情况下，关系副词可以与特定的介词+关系代词互相转换。 【初中考点聚焦】 1. 关系副词 "where"：用于指代地点，引导定语从句。 · This is the place where we first met.（这是我们第一次见面的地方。） 2. 关系副词 "when"：用于指代时间，引导定语从句。 · I will never forget the day when we graduated.（我永远不会忘记我们毕业的那一天。） 3. 关系副词 "why"：用于指代原因，引导定语从句。 · The reason why he was late is unclear.（他迟到的原因尚不清楚。） 【高中考点聚焦】 考纲解读 1. 关系副词 "where"：用于指代地点，相当于 "in which" 或 "at which"。 · This is the museum where we saw the famous painting.（这是我们看到了那幅名画的博物馆。） 2. 关系副词 "when"：用于指代时间，相当于 "at which" 或 "on which"。 · I remember the summer when we first moved to this city.（我记得我们第一次搬到这个城市的那个夏天。） 3. 关系副词 "why"：用于指代原因，相当于 "for which"。 · The reason why he was absent is that he was sick.（他缺席的原因是生病了。） 4. 关系副词与介词的组合：在某些情况下，关系副词可以与特定的介词结合使用。 · The house in which we live is very old.（我们住的那所房子非常古老。） 考点清单 一、 关系副词引导的定语从句 1.when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。 October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded. 1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。 2.where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 注意先行词还可以是抽象的地点名词，如：case, point, situation, circumstance, activity… Shanghai is the city where I was born. 上海是我出生的城市。 I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised. 我参观了那个饲养了许多奶牛的农场。 He’s got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane. 3.why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 请告诉我你误机的原因。 The reason why he was punished is unknown to us. 他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道。 注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如： I’ll never forget the day when/on which I first met you. 我永远不会忘记第一次见你的那天。 Great changes are taking place in the city where/in which they live. 他们生活的城市正发生巨大的变化。 The reason why/for which he refused the invitation is quite clear. 他为什么拒绝接受邀请的原因是十分明了的。 二、关系代词和关系副词之比较择 （看从句是否缺少成分，缺什么补什么） 用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所担当的成分）。试比较： A.I know a place where（作状语） we can have a picnic. I know a place which/that（作主语） is famous for its beautiful natural scenery. B.I will never forget the days when（作状语） we spent our holidays together. I will never forget the days that/which（作宾语） we spent together. C.This is the reason why（作状语） he was dismissed（解雇）. This is the reason that/which（作宾语） he explained to me for his not attending the meeting. 因此，在定语从句中，如果从句缺少成分，我们要选择关系代词，否则就选关系副词。选关系副词时，还要注意指代的对象，是时间（when）、地点（where）、还是原因（why）。 三、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 1．“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，且不能省略。 Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends. 一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。 Wu Dong, with whom I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much. 　和我一起去听音乐会的吴东，非常喜欢这次音乐会。 注：在这种结构中，介词与先行词组成短语，在从句中充当句子成分，因此介词的选用时受到一定限制的，仍然根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。 关系代词前介词的确定依据： (1).根据先行词的习惯搭配 They’ll never forget July 1 on which Hong Kong returned to its motherland. 1992 is the year in which you were born. (2).根据定语从句中动词所需习惯搭配（介词提前） The school to which I was sent was very large. Hong Kong is the city from which he comes. (3).根据定语从句的意义 The air, without which we can’t live. 注意： 1.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。 This is the watch (which/that) I am looking for. (正) This is the watch for which I am looking. (误) 2.介词后的关系代词不可用that和who，若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，指物时只可用which；关系代词是所有格时用whose。 The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. (正) The man with that/who you talked just now is my neighbour. (误) 3．“不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of which/whom”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体关系。如：some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词或分数，百分比加上of which或of whom来修饰或限定先行词。 He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of which has been proved. 科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。 Many young people，most of whom were well­educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。 4．在定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以换为“the＋名词＋of which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of whom”。 The newly­built café, whose walls (＝the walls of which) are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work. 这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。 I live next door to a couple whose children (＝the children of whom) often make a lot of noise. 我住在一对夫妻的隔壁，他们的孩子经常制造噪音。 · 填入正确的引导词 1.This is the hotel we will stay at. that/which 2.This is the hotel we will stay. where 3.This is the hotel we will visit. that/which 4.This hotel is the one we will stay at. that 5.This hotel is the one we will stay. where 6.This hotel is the one we will visit. that 7.This hotel is we will stay. where 8.This hotel is we will visit. that · 介词+关系代词whom或which填空 1.The subject_______  ________ I'm most interested is English. 2. The pencil ________  ________ he was writing broke. 3. Wu Dong, ________  ________ I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much. 4. The two things ________  ________ Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms of English. 5. Her bag, ________  ________ she put all her books, has not been found. 6.The person ________  ________ I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about. 7. September 30 is the day ________  ________ you must pay your bill. 8. We went through a period _______ __________communications were very difficult in the rural areas. 9. Villagers here depend on the fishing industry ________ _________ there won’t be much work. 10..American women usually identify their best friend as someone _____ _________they can talk frequently. 11.The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ________  ________ his employees enjoy their work. 12.Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill ________  ________ school education depends. Keys: 1.in which 2. with which 3. with whom 4. of which 5. in/into which 6.to whom 7. by/on which 8. during which 9. without which 10. with whom 11. in which 12. on/upon which · 把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句： 1. .I don't know the reason. You quarreled with him. 2. He wanted to know the reason. I was late for the reason. 3. He used to live in a big house. In front of it grew many banana trees. 4. The lab is not far from here. The chemist often does experiments there. 5.We shall remember the days. We studied together then. Keys: 1.I don't know the reason why you quarreled with him. 2. He wanted to know the reason why I was late./He wanted to know the reason  which I was late  for./He wanted to know the reason for which I was late. 3. He used to live in a big house in front of which grew many banana trees. 4. The lab where the chemist often does experiments is not far from here. 5. We shall remember the days when we studied together. 一、语法填空 1．TikTok, known as Douyin in China, is a social media platform short videos can be edited and uploaded easily. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：TikTok，在中国被称为抖音，是一个可以轻松编辑和上传短视频的社交媒体平台。______ short videos can be edited and uploaded easily.是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a social media platform，关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以填关系副词where。故填where。 2．Occasions are quite rare I have the time to have a formal dinner with my kids. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我很少有时间和孩子们一起吃正式的晚餐。空处引导定语从句，先行词occasions，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作时间状语，需用关系副词when引导。故填when。 3．The teacher didn’t know the reason she was late for school. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：老师不知道她上学迟到的原因。分析句子可知，这里考查定语从句，先行词为 the reason，在从句中作原因状语，所以此空应用关系副词why。故填why。 4．The talented composer and singer showed us around his studio he composed the song Forever Young. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这位才华横溢的作曲家兼歌手带我们参观了他的工作室，在那里他创作了歌曲《永远年轻》。空处引导定语从句修饰先行词his studio。先行词在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。 5．They have developed their friendship to a stage they share happiness and sufferings. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们的友谊已经到达了可以分享痛苦和幸福的阶段。此处引导定语从句，先行词为stage，在定语从句中作地点状语，故应用where引导，故填where。 6．It’s helpful to put ourselves in a situation we can see ourselves more clearly. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：把自己放在一个能更清楚地看到自己的局面中是很有帮助的。此空位于名词之后，空前与空后句子的谓语动词分别为is和can see，所以此处应是关系词引导的定语从句，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，所以此处使用关系副词，先行词situation意为“形势，局面”为抽象地点名词，所以此处使用关系副词where，在从句中作地点状语，故填where。 7．You are expected to find some group activities you can be with people who share your interests. (用适当的关系词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你应该参加一些团体活动，在那里你可以和有共同兴趣的人在一起。定语从句修饰先行词activities，在从句作地点状语，故填where。 8．The nuclear waste discharge is now the major reason environmentalists feel worried about the future of marine creatures. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：核废料的排放现在是环保主义者对海洋生物的未来感到担忧的主要原因。定语从句修饰先行词reason，在从句作原因状语，应用why。故填why。 9．It was 10o’clock__________ / ________ they went out of the cinema.(用适当的词填空) 【答案】when/at which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们走出电影院时已是十点钟了。分析句子结构及句意可知此处为定语从句，先行词为表示时间的名词 10 o’clock， 从句缺少时间状语， 应用关系副词when引导定语从句；表示“在几点”，应用介词at，所以此处的关系副词when也可换作at which。故答案为when/at which。 10．The summer__________ / ________ I graduated from university was long and hot.(用适当的词填空) 【答案】when/in which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我大学毕业的那个夏天又长又热。分析句子结构可知,此处应用when引导定语从句,关系词指代先行词The summer,在定语从句中作时间状语。此处也可用“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句,由in the summer可知，应用介词in。in which相当于when。故填when/in which。 . 11．They consider summer vacations as a time__________ / relaxing and having fun is a necessary part. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】 when in/during which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们认为暑假是一个放松和娱乐必不可少的时间。分析句子可知，空格处引导限定性定语从句。先行词是time，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，故用关系副词when或介词in/during+ which，表示“在……期间”。故填when或in/during which。 12．The tower___________ / people can have a good view is on the hill. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where/ from which 【详解】考查关系副词或“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句。句意: 人们可以欣赏美景的塔在山上。 分析句子结构可知，“________ people can have a good view”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the tower，该先行词在从句中作地点状语，故填where，或“介词from(从……)+关系代词 which”。因此答案为where/from which。 13．The reason___________ / he gave up his well-paid job isn't known to us. 【答案】why/ for which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他放弃高工资工作的原因不为人知。分析句子可知，此处是定语从句，关系词代替先行词reason在从句中充当原因状语，应用关系副词why，又why=for which,故填why/for which。 14．The teacher you talked yesterday is our maths teacher. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】with whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：昨天和你谈话的那位老师是我们的数学老师。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为teacher，指代人，关系词替代先行词作介词with的宾语，应用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。 15．She studied Chinese medicine for two and a half years with experts in the field she gained a deep knowledge. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】from whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她学了两年半的中医，对中医有很深的了解。分析句子结构可知，本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是experts，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作from的宾语，应用“介词from+whom”引导。故填whom。 二、完成句子 16．足球是我最喜欢的运动的原因有很多。(定语从句) football is my favorite sport. 【答案】There are many reasons why 【详解】考查there be句型和定语从句。“有”使用there be句型，“很多”使用形容词many作定语，“原因”使用名词复数reasons，作主语，“足球是我最喜欢的运动的”译为一个定语从句，修饰reasons，关系词在从句中作原因状语，使用关系副词why引导，句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时，主语是名词复数，be动词用are，故填There are many reasons why。 17．只要你坚持下去，你梦想成真的那一刻一定会到来。 So long as you stick to it, the moment _____________________________ will definitely come. 【答案】when your dream comes true 【详解】考查定语从句。根据句意，表示“你梦想成真的”应为定语从句修饰先行词the moment，表示“你的梦想”应为your dream作定语从句的主语，表示“成真”应为come true，根据句意可知，该句描述的是客观事实，所以使用一般现在时，主语为名词单数，所以定语从句的谓语动词应为comes true，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，先行词the moment表时间，所以此处使用关系副词when引导定语从句。故填when your dream comes true。 18．她将自己置于危险的境地，而且很有可能丢掉性命。 She's got herself into a dangerous situation . 【答案】where she’s likely to lose her life 【详解】考查定语从句。根据中英文提示可知，需要翻译的部分是“有可能丢掉性命”，表示“她”应用she；表示“有可能做某事”应用固定搭配be likely to do sth.，此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为she，be动词用is；表示“丢掉性命”应用lose her life，此处lose使用动词原形；表示“有可能丢掉性命”应用where引导定语从句，修饰先行词situation，关系副词在从句中作地点状语。故填where she’s likely to lose her life。 19．他是你能求助的人。 He is the man you can turn for help. 【答案】to whom 【详解】考查定语从句和固定搭配。turn to sb. for help为固定搭配，意为“向某人求助”，空处引导定语从句，先行词the man，指人，在定语从句中作to的宾语，需用关系代词whom，引导。故填to whom。 20．我绝不会忘记与她第一次相见的那一天。 I’ll never forget the day I first met her. 【答案】on which 【详解】考查定语从句。表示在某一天应用介词on，在定语从句中缺少宾语，且先行词为day，所以应用关系代词which。故填on which。 三、阅读理解【上海市七宝中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】 When I was a puppy, I entertained you and made you laugh. You called me your child, and despite a number of chewed shoes and a couple of murdered pillows, I became your best friend. Whenever I was “bad”, you’d shake your finger at me and ask “How could you?”—but then you rolled me over for a belly (腹部) rub. I remember those nights of rubbing you in bed and listening to your secret dreams, and I believed that life could not be any more perfect. Gradually, you began spending more time at work and on your career, and more time searching for a human mate. She, now your wife, is not a “dog person”—still I welcomed her into our home, tried to show her affection, and obeyed her. I was happy because you were happy. Then the human babies came along and I shared your excitement. I was fascinated by the pinkness, how they smelled, and I wanted to mother them, too. Only she and you worried that I might hurt them, and I spent most of my time in another room. There had been a time, when others asked you if you had a dog, that you produced a photo of me from your wallet and told them stories about me. These past few years, you just answered “yes” and changed the subject. I had gone from being “your dog” to “just a dog”. Now, you have a new career opportunity in another city, and you and they will be moving to another apartment that does not allow pets. You’ve made the right decision for your “family”, but there was a time when I was your only family. People in the animal shelter are attentive to me, but I lost my appetite. At first whenever anyone passed, I rushed to the front, hoping it was you—that this was all a bad dream or I hoped it would at least be someone who cared, anyone who might save me. 36．How did the dog’s owner treat the puppy when it was at a younger age? A．He entertained the puppy with jokes and gestures. B．He treated the puppy as if it were a family member. C．He disciplined the puppy when it made a mess. D．He kept the puppy at a distance for the chewed shoes. 37．Why was the puppy excluded from the room after the babies were born? A．The puppy was tempted by the babies’ pinkness and sweet smell. B．The puppy poses a serious danger to the health and well-being of babies. C．The couple were concerned that the babies would be in danger. D．The master envied the natural affection between the babies and the puppy. 38．What can we infer from the last 3 paragraphs? A．It was hard for the puppy to accept the fact that it was ignored. B．The master had a mixed feeling for the advancement in career. C．The puppy felt relieved for the master’s establishment of a new family. D．It was urgent for the master to give up the puppy and move to another city. 39．Which of the following could be the best title for the passage? A．A Good Heart to Lean on B．New Member of the Family C．The Words of an Abandoned Dog D．Animal Shelter: the Last Home for Puppies 【答案】36．B 37．C 38．A 39．C 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。一只忠诚但被遗弃的狗在讲述自己从小到大和主人在一起的点点滴滴的故事，主人对小狗疼爱有加，工作之余陪着小狗一起进行室内训练，带着小狗一起去公园散步，骑车，吃冰激凌,慢慢地主人的工作越来越忙，小狗见证了主人娶妻生子的整个历程，分享主人的幸福和喜悦．如今，主人要去另外一个城市从事新的工作，他们要搬到一个不允许带宠物的公寓里去，小狗表现了对主人依依不舍的感情。 36．推理判断题。由第一段“When I was a puppy, I entertained you and made you laugh. You called me your child, and despite a number of chewed shoes and a couple of murdered pillows, I became your best friend. Whenever I was “bad”, you’d shake your finger at me and ask “How could you?”—but then you rolled me over for a belly (腹部) rub”可知，当我还是一只小狗的时候，我的顽皮滑稽每每惹来你发笑，为你带来欢乐。你把我叫做你的孩子，虽然家里许多鞋子和一些靠枕都被我咬得残缺不全，我依然是你最好的朋友。无论什么时候我干了“坏”事，你总会对我摇摇手指说：“你怎么可以这样呢？”不过最后你都会原谅我，把我扑倒然后搓我的肚皮。所以通过小狗的回忆可以看出，小狗的主人在小狗年幼时把小狗当家人一样对待。故B选项正确。 37．细节理解题。由第四段“Only she and you worried that I might hurt them, and I spent most of my time in another room.”可知，小狗的主人夫妇害怕他弄伤婴儿，所以整天把小狗关在另一间房间里。所以是因为这对夫妇担心孩子会有危险。故C选项正确。 38．推理判断题。由第三段“There had been a time, when others asked you if you had a dog, that you produced a photo of me from your wallet and told them stories about me. These past few years, you just answered “yes” and changed the subject. I had gone from being “your dog” to “just a dog”.”可知，曾几何时，人们问起你家里有没有宠物时，你总是毫不迟疑地从包里掏出我的照片，向他们娓娓道出我的轶事。可是，近几年有人问起同一个问题，你却只是冷冷地回答“是”，随即就转向别的话题。我已经从“你的狗儿”变成只是“一条狗”了。所以通过小狗主人态度的对比，我们能从倒数三段中推断出小狗很难接受自己被忽视的事实。故A选项正确。 39．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，一只忠诚但被遗弃的狗在讲述自己从小到大和主人在一起的点点滴滴的故事，主人对小狗疼爱有加，工作之余陪着小狗一起进行室内训练，带着小狗一起去公园散步，骑车，吃冰激凌，慢慢地主人的工作越来越忙，小狗见证了主人娶妻生子的整个历程，分享主人的幸福和喜悦．如今，主人要得另外一个城市从事新的工作，他们要搬到一个不允许带宠物的公寓里去，小狗表现了对主人依依不舍的感情。所以短文都是围绕着“一只被遗弃的狗说的话”而展开的。故短文的最佳标题为“一只被遗弃的狗说的话”。故C选项正确。 【点睛】通过对事物的对比或者比较是解决推理判断题的重要解题方法，通过对事物的对比，能够判断出事物的不同点，差距等，意在突出对方的优点或者缺点，或者判断出作者的态度，或者反映出一定的事实。 由第三段“There had been a time, when others asked you if you had a dog, that you produced a photo of me from your wallet and told them stories about me. These past few years, you just answered “yes” and changed the subject. I had gone from being “your dog” to “just a dog”.”可知，曾几何时，人们问起你家里有没有宠物时，你总是毫不迟疑地从包里掏出我的照片，向他们娓娓道出我的轶事。可是，近几年有人问起同一个问题，你却只是冷冷地回答“是”，随即就转向别的话题。我已经从“你的狗儿”变成只是“一条狗”了。所以通过小狗主人态度的对比，我们能从倒数三段中推断出小狗很难接受自己被忽视的事实。故小题3的正确选项为A选项。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题13：定语从句之关系副词用法 （初高考点差异及衔接） 初中要求 初中阶段重点在于识别定语从句的基本结构，掌握基本的关系副词用法，when（时间）、where（地点）、why（原因）。 高中要求 高中阶段的学习要求学生能够灵活运用这些关系副词，并在更复杂的语境中准确表达意思。在某些情况下，关系副词可以与特定的介词+关系代词互相转换。 【初中考点聚焦】 1. 关系副词 "where"：用于指代地点，引导定语从句。 · This is the place where we first met.（这是我们第一次见面的地方。） 2. 关系副词 "when"：用于指代时间，引导定语从句。 · I will never forget the day when we graduated.（我永远不会忘记我们毕业的那一天。） 3. 关系副词 "why"：用于指代原因，引导定语从句。 · The reason why he was late is unclear.（他迟到的原因尚不清楚。） 【高中考点聚焦】 考纲解读 1. 关系副词 "where"：用于指代地点，相当于 "in which" 或 "at which"。 · This is the museum where we saw the famous painting.（这是我们看到了那幅名画的博物馆。） 2. 关系副词 "when"：用于指代时间，相当于 "at which" 或 "on which"。 · I remember the summer when we first moved to this city.（我记得我们第一次搬到这个城市的那个夏天。） 3. 关系副词 "why"：用于指代原因，相当于 "for which"。 · The reason why he was absent is that he was sick.（他缺席的原因是生病了。） 4. 关系副词与介词的组合：在某些情况下，关系副词可以与特定的介词结合使用。 · The house in which we live is very old.（我们住的那所房子非常古老。） 考点清单 一、 关系副词引导的定语从句 1.when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。 October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded. 1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。 2.where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 注意先行词还可以是抽象的地点名词，如：case, point, situation, circumstance, activity… Shanghai is the city where I was born. 上海是我出生的城市。 I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised. 我参观了那个饲养了许多奶牛的农场。 He’s got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane. 3.why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 请告诉我你误机的原因。 The reason why he was punished is unknown to us. 他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道。 注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如： I’ll never forget the day when/on which I first met you. 我永远不会忘记第一次见你的那天。 Great changes are taking place in the city where/in which they live. 他们生活的城市正发生巨大的变化。 The reason why/for which he refused the invitation is quite clear. 他为什么拒绝接受邀请的原因是十分明了的。 二、关系代词和关系副词之比较择 （看从句是否缺少成分，缺什么补什么） 用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所担当的成分）。试比较： A.I know a place where（作状语） we can have a picnic. I know a place which/that（作主语） is famous for its beautiful natural scenery. B.I will never forget the days when（作状语） we spent our holidays together. I will never forget the days that/which（作宾语） we spent together. C.This is the reason why（作状语） he was dismissed（解雇）. This is the reason that/which（作宾语） he explained to me for his not attending the meeting. 因此，在定语从句中，如果从句缺少成分，我们要选择关系代词，否则就选关系副词。选关系副词时，还要注意指代的对象，是时间（when）、地点（where）、还是原因（why）。 三、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 1．“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，且不能省略。 Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends. 一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。 Wu Dong, with whom I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much. 　和我一起去听音乐会的吴东，非常喜欢这次音乐会。 注：在这种结构中，介词与先行词组成短语，在从句中充当句子成分，因此介词的选用时受到一定限制的，仍然根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。 关系代词前介词的确定依据： (1).根据先行词的习惯搭配 They’ll never forget July 1 on which Hong Kong returned to its motherland. 1992 is the year in which you were born. (2).根据定语从句中动词所需习惯搭配（介词提前） The school to which I was sent was very large. Hong Kong is the city from which he comes. (3).根据定语从句的意义 The air, without which we can’t live. 注意： 1.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。 This is the watch (which/that) I am looking for. (正) This is the watch for which I am looking. (误) 2.介词后的关系代词不可用that和who，若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，指物时只可用which；关系代词是所有格时用whose。 The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. (正) The man with that/who you talked just now is my neighbour. (误) 3．“不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of which/whom”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体关系。如：some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词或分数，百分比加上of which或of whom来修饰或限定先行词。 He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of which has been proved. 科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。 Many young people，most of whom were well­educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。 4．在定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以换为“the＋名词＋of which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of whom”。 The newly­built café, whose walls (＝the walls of which) are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work. 这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。 I live next door to a couple whose children (＝the children of whom) often make a lot of noise. 我住在一对夫妻的隔壁，他们的孩子经常制造噪音。 · 填入正确的引导词 1.This is the hotel we will stay at. 2.This is the hotel we will stay. 3.This is the hotel we will visit. 4.This hotel is the one we will stay at. 5.This hotel is the one we will stay. 6.This hotel is the one we will visit. 7.This hotel is we will stay. 8.This hotel is we will visit. · 介词+关系代词whom或which填空 1.The subject_______  ________ I'm most interested is English. 2. The pencil ________  ________ he was writing broke. 3. Wu Dong, ________  ________ I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much. 4. The two things ________  ________ Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms of English. 5. Her bag, ________  ________ she put all her books, has not been found. 6.The person ________  ________ I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about. 7. September 30 is the day ________  ________ you must pay your bill. 8. We went through a period _______ __________communications were very difficult in the rural areas. 9. Villagers here depend on the fishing industry ________ _________ there won’t be much work. 10..American women usually identify their best friend as someone _____ _________they can talk frequently. 11.The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ________  ________ his employees enjoy their work. 12.Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill ________  ________ school education depends. · 把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句： 1. .I don't know the reason. You quarreled with him. 2. He wanted to know the reason. I was late for the reason. 3. He used to live in a big house. In front of it grew many banana trees. 4. The lab is not far from here. The chemist often does experiments there. 5.We shall remember the days. We studied together then. 一、语法填空 1．TikTok, known as Douyin in China, is a social media platform short videos can be edited and uploaded easily. 2．Occasions are quite rare I have the time to have a formal dinner with my kids. (用适当的词填空) 3．The teacher didn’t know the reason she was late for school. (用适当的词填空) 4．The talented composer and singer showed us around his studio he composed the song Forever Young. (用适当的词填空) 5．They have developed their friendship to a stage they share happiness and sufferings. (用适当的词填空) 6．It’s helpful to put ourselves in a situation we can see ourselves more clearly. (用适当的词填空) 7．You are expected to find some group activities you can be with people who share your interests. (用适当的关系词填空) 8．The nuclear waste discharge is now the major reason environmentalists feel worried about the future of marine creatures. (用适当的词填空) 9．It was 10o’clock__________ / ________ they went out of the cinema.(用适当的词填空) 10．The summer__________ / ________ I graduated from university was long and hot.(用适当的词填空) 11．They consider summer vacations as a time__________ / relaxing and having fun is a necessary part. (用适当的词填空) 12．The tower___________ / people can have a good view is on the hill. (用适当的词填空) 13．The reason___________ / he gave up his well-paid job isn't known to us. 14．The teacher you talked yesterday is our maths teacher. (用适当的词填空) 15．She studied Chinese medicine for two and a half years with experts in the field she gained a deep knowledge. （用适当的词填空） 二、完成句子 16．足球是我最喜欢的运动的原因有很多。(定语从句) football is my favorite sport. 17．只要你坚持下去，你梦想成真的那一刻一定会到来。 So long as you stick to it, the moment _____________________________ will definitely come. 18．她将自己置于危险的境地，而且很有可能丢掉性命。 She's got herself into a dangerous situation . 19．他是你能求助的人。 He is the man you can turn for help. 20．我绝不会忘记与她第一次相见的那一天。 I’ll never forget the day I first met her. 三、阅读理解【上海市七宝中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】 When I was a puppy, I entertained you and made you laugh. You called me your child, and despite a number of chewed shoes and a couple of murdered pillows, I became your best friend. Whenever I was “bad”, you’d shake your finger at me and ask “How could you?”—but then you rolled me over for a belly (腹部) rub. I remember those nights of rubbing you in bed and listening to your secret dreams, and I believed that life could not be any more perfect. Gradually, you began spending more time at work and on your career, and more time searching for a human mate. She, now your wife, is not a “dog person”—still I welcomed her into our home, tried to show her affection, and obeyed her. I was happy because you were happy. Then the human babies came along and I shared your excitement. I was fascinated by the pinkness, how they smelled, and I wanted to mother them, too. Only she and you worried that I might hurt them, and I spent most of my time in another room. There had been a time, when others asked you if you had a dog, that you produced a photo of me from your wallet and told them stories about me. These past few years, you just answered “yes” and changed the subject. I had gone from being “your dog” to “just a dog”. Now, you have a new career opportunity in another city, and you and they will be moving to another apartment that does not allow pets. You’ve made the right decision for your “family”, but there was a time when I was your only family. People in the animal shelter are attentive to me, but I lost my appetite. At first whenever anyone passed, I rushed to the front, hoping it was you—that this was all a bad dream or I hoped it would at least be someone who cared, anyone who might save me. 36．How did the dog’s owner treat the puppy when it was at a younger age? A．He entertained the puppy with jokes and gestures. B．He treated the puppy as if it were a family member. C．He disciplined the puppy when it made a mess. D．He kept the puppy at a distance for the chewed shoes. 37．Why was the puppy excluded from the room after the babies were born? A．The puppy was tempted by the babies’ pinkness and sweet smell. B．The puppy poses a serious danger to the health and well-being of babies. C．The couple were concerned that the babies would be in danger. D．The master envied the natural affection between the babies and the puppy. 38．What can we infer from the last 3 paragraphs? A．It was hard for the puppy to accept the fact that it was ignored. B．The master had a mixed feeling for the advancement in career. C．The puppy felt relieved for the master’s establishment of a new family. D．It was urgent for the master to give up the puppy and move to another city. 39．Which of the following could be the best title for the passage? A．A Good Heart to Lean on B．New Member of the Family C．The Words of an Abandoned Dog D．Animal Shelter: the Last Home for Puppies 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$