专题17：高中新题型之选词填空（初高考点差异及衔接）-2024年初升高英语无忧衔接（上海专用）

专题17：高中新题型之选词填空 （初高考点差异及衔接） 初中要求 上海初中选词填空，“五选四”。2个语段，突出对考查在语篇中整体感知和运用单词的能力，词汇涉及名词、动词、形容词、副词及短语。 高中要求 上海高中词汇填空为“十一选十”需要掌握不同词汇的正确用法，包括词义的辨析、词性的使用等，还需要根据上下文的语境来确定所填词汇的准确意义和形式等。特别提示：近几年高考词汇题常出现构词法知识、一词多性、一词多义及熟词生义现象。 【初中考点聚焦】 选词填空是上海中考必考题型之一，其目的是旨在考查学生对于词汇的正确运用以及句子基本结构的分析能力，也是容易得分的题型之一。通常情况下选词填空是英语综合试卷中词汇与语法相结合的一部分，在具体解题过程中，主要是判断所给单词的词性，再结合具体的句子结构需要进行选择。 【示例】 A． concert B． contest C． private D． regular E． take up Learn to relax． Make yourself take a breath from your studies and worries about exams． You can do this by taking a walk， reading a book， going to a （40）____________ or seeing film， or just sitting in a （41）__________ place and being silent for moment． Always（42）__________ a hobby． Learn to paint or skate， or start playing a musical instrument． When you are busy with a hobby， you leave all your worries behind． Take care of your body． Stress is your body's enemy．Taking（43）__________ exercise，eating a healthy diet and getting enough sleep are all the things that can help you． Laugh．Sometimes laughter is the best medicine for stress．Seeing a funny film or telling jokes with friends will often cheer you up when you are low． 【分析】本文主要介绍了如何学会放松，散步，读书，去一个音乐会或看电影都会放松，做有规律的运动，吃健康的饮食，有充足的睡眠会让你保持健康． 【解答】 40．A. concert．考查名词．根据空格前面的词语是不定冠词a，所以要用名词来填空，结合给出的英 语提示，因此可知这句话的意思是"你可以通过散步，读书，去一个音乐会或看电影来做这个．"故填concert． 41．C. private．考查形容词．根据空格后面的词语是名词，所以要用形容词词来填空，结合给出的英语提示，因此可知这句话的意思是"你可以通过散步，读书，去一个音乐会或看电影，或者就是坐在一个私人的地方来做这个．"故填private． 42．E. take up．考查动词短语．根据空格后面的词语是名词，所以要用动词短语来填空，结合给出的英语提示，因此可知这句话的意思是"要总是从事一个业余爱好．"故填take up． 43．D. regular．考查形容词．根据空格后面的词语是名词，所以要用形容词词来填空，结合给出的英语提示，因此可知这句话的意思是"做有规律的运动，吃健康的饮食，有充足的睡眠．"故填regular． 【高中考点聚焦】 考纲解读 词汇填空题语篇约350词。文章首句不设空；一般每隔15-30个词会有一个空；空与空之间有完整意群； 方框中词汇难度中高级，以实词为主，即名词、动词、形容词、副词；语法方面考察词性之间关系和句子结构分析能力；逻辑方面考察上下文联系。 考点清单 · 解题思路一：名词的确定 动词的确定：名词在句子中做主语；名词做动词宾语或介词宾语；注意名词也可作定语。例： 1）Researchers had two groups of 20 people each listen to a 30-minute recording that included a sequence of numbers. 2）The officials realized that the students had already established digital identities _ _ by the time they entered college… 3）However, you don't have time to carefully plan menus for meals or read food labels at the supermarket. · 解题思路二：动词的确定 动词的确定：动词最容易确定，因为一个句子没有动词就等于没有谓语，是很明显的缺陷。而且动词的关联性、可比性最差，选这个和选那个有天壤之别。例： 1) In particular, when older patients complained of pain, they were told it was a natural part of aging and they would have to learn to live with it. 2）Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children 3）Next, assess the scene, asking other people or the injured person’s family or friends about details of the injury or illness 4) The first step in defeating this anxiety is realizing that test anxiety is a natural reaction, and that it can be minimized. · 解题思路三：非谓语动词的确定 非谓语动词的确定：动名词作主语、动词宾语和介词宾语、表语、定语。分词作表语、宾补、定语、状语。 有不定式标志to，空格处应填入动词原形；另一种情况to是介词，后面应填入动名词。例： 2）The rise in stories describing events that never happened, often involving fake people in fake places, has led to Facebook and Google’s promising to deal with them. But are we really so easy to fool? 4）He will govern with Congress fully under Republican control and lead a country deeply divided__ by his campaign against Clinton. 5）They tried to protect the wagon trains from Indian attacks.  · 解题思路四：形容词的确定 形容词的确定：形容词作定语修饰名词。单个形容词作前置定语；形容词短语作后置定语。例： 1) This is a city that knows how to be both ancient and modern. 2）The media provide information to millions of people, but they are not yet so efficient at providing leaders with feedback from the public.　 · 解题思路五：副词的确定 副词的确定：句子完整，副词可修饰动词、形容词、副词、整个句子、介词短语、不定式、过去分词等； 1）These stations will adequately prepare humans to visit and later live on Mars or other Earth-like planets. 2）In fact, the city is one of the most vibrant, international cities in Europe and is regularly voted as one of the most desirable places to live in the world. 3）In the late 16th and early 17th Century a bad weather gripped England. The cold and rain resulted in poor harvests and consequently severe lack of food. · 解题思路六：熟词生义 You need to communicate in a way that 38 their company standards; this will show that you can fit in that organization.（2017春考模拟卷） A. competitors B. philosophy C. properly D. maximize E. enthusiastic F. candidate G. mirrors H. background I. extremely J. conducted K. cultural · 解题思路七：一词多性 These demands must also be balanced with the need to create interiors (内饰) that in some way enhance, establish or promote a company’s image and will enable employees to 49 at their best. A. access B.alternatives C.designed D. confirmed E. conflicting F. elements G. function H.innovative I.prospective J. separate K. supporting 【答案】G 【解析】本句意为“这种要求要注意均衡内饰的需要和使得员工起到最好的作用，内饰在一定程度上，可以加强，建立或促进公司的形象。”结合搭配enable sb to do sth可以知道空格填动词形式，而且是原形。需注意function可以做名词（“功能”），也可做不及物动词动词用（“起作用”）。 · 解题思路八：构词法（派生/转化/合成/缀合） A. account B. adjustable C. appliances D. capture E. decorations F. direct G. experiment H. intended I. operated J.soulless K. squeeze More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the result is 43 design. For example, think of a(n) 47 desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user. 【解析】以上两空均所填入单词均涉及到构词法知识。 43.J  形容词soulless 没有灵魂的；该词在本句中做定语修饰名词design。根据前半句“The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly...”可知美国建筑家Robert Venturi总结过，如果简约没有做好，那么这样的设计就是没有灵魂的； 47.B  形容词adjustable可调节的；本句中该词作为定语修饰名词desk lamp，意为“可调节的台灯”，与后句中“regular adjustments by the user” 形成呼应。 A. administered B. assess C. evaluating D. externally E. improperly F. life-threatening G. measures H. original I. preexisting J. principles K. vital Next, __（assess）____ the scene, asking other people or the injured person’s family or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been given, and __ preexisting___ conditions such as heart trouble. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do not move the victim. First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether life-threatening conditions exist. · 解题思路九：固定搭配 在选词填空中，约定俗成的固定搭配不是很多，但对固定搭配的理解很常见。此外，非常重要的一点是注意小品词，即我们通常所说的to, in , on , at ,from等等,某种程度上能给我们选择的提示。如： 1).He believes design must take into the sensory side of our nature—sight, smell, touch and taste. （account） 2). Since you really____ yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come in handy, wouldn't it? (commit) 3).The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-called "traffic light system" to ____foods as healthy or unhealthy. (classify) （2014高考） · 解题步骤： 1、浏览全文，把握文脉。答题时，不要急于看选项、找答案，应通篇浏览短文，浏览的速度应根据考生本人的情况而定，以能看懂为标准，必要时可以划出关键词句。 2、审读选项，辨析词性。由于给出的选项，每个只能选用一次，所以它对学生词汇的要求很高，务必搞清每个词的词性，有的词可能是多种词性，因为接下来的每一个空格都必须要和句子所要求的词性相一致。 3、先易后难，上下求索。做题是应仔细分析句子结构，明白所填入的词汇在句中扮演的角色，对于一些能迅速找到答案的先填入，从而把选择范围大大缩小，降低阅读难度。遇到一时想不起来的空，先跳过去，不要用太多的时间停留在一个单词上。 4、复读检查，通顺逻辑。填完之后将所选定的词放到文章中复读检查，仔细推敲，注意所选的答案填入空白处后，整个句子语法结构、词性、语态、时态是否合理。一旦发现问题，及时纠正。 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only beused once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．assignment     B．timetable    C． expectation    D．behaviors    E. distant    F. harsh G. confident   H. usual    I. regretful     J. achieve       K. reflect School Life in the UK Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me. I was very happy with the school 1 in Britain because school starts around 9 a.m. and ends about 3.30 p.m. This means I could get up an hour later than 2 , as schools in China begin before 8 a.m. On the first day, all of the new students went to attend an assembly in the school hall. I sat next to a girl whose name was Dianne. We soon became best friends. During assembly, the headmaster told us about the rules of the school. We should mind our 3 based on the rules. He also told us that the best way to live up to our parents’ 4 was to work hard and 5 high grades. This sounded like my school in China. I had many teachers in the past year. Mr. Heywood, my class teacher, was very helpful. He told us that the more 6 we are, the more easily we can succeed. My favorite teacher was Miss Burke -I loved the lessons that she gave in English Literature. She asked us to 7 before we decide. In our class, there were 28 students. This is about the average size for British schools. We had to move to different classrooms for different classes. We also had different students in some classes, so it was a struggle for me to remember all the faces and names. I found that the 8 was not as heavy as what I used to get in my old school. However, it was a bit challenging for me at first. I felt lucky, as almost all of my teachers gave me much encouragement, although a few make 9 comments on my essays. I would never be 10 for studying in this school. 【答案】 1．B 2．H 3．D 4．C 5．J 6．G 7．K 8．A 9．F 10．I 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者主要在文中记叙了自己在英国高中一年的学校生活。 1．考查名词。句意：我对英国的学校时间表非常满意，因为学校大约早上9点开始，下午3点半结束。根据后文“school starts around 9 a.m. and ends about 3.30 p.m.”可知，此处是在讲述学校时间安排，所以空处应是timetable，和school构成固定搭配：school timetable意为“学校时间表”符合语境。故选B项。 2．考查名词。句意：这意味着我可以比平时晚起一个小时，因为中国的学校早上8点前就开始上课了。根据后文“as schools in China begin before 8 a.m”可知，作者在中国是8点开始上课，所以他可以比平时晚起一个小时，usual意为“惯常的事物”符合语境。故选H项。 3．考查名词。句意：我们应该在规则的基础上注意自己的行为。分析句子结构可知，空前是形容词性物主代词，所以空处应填名词作mind的宾语，根据句意，应是behaviors意为“行为”符合语境。故选D项。 4．考查名词。句意：他还告诉我们，不辜负父母期望的最好方法就是努力学习，取得好成绩。分析句子结构可知，空前是名词所有格，所以空处应填名词，根据前文的“our parents’ ”可知，应是expectation意为“期望”表达父母的期望之意符合语境。故选C项。 5．考查动词。句意：他还告诉我们，不辜负父母期望的最好方法就是努力学习，取得好成绩。分析句子结构可知，空处和前文的work并列，所以空处应填动词，根据前文“work hard”，此处应是取得好成绩，所以achieve意为“取得”符合语境。故选J项。 6．考查形容词。句意：他告诉我们，我们越有信心，我们就越容易成功。分析句子结构可知，此处是“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，所以空处应填形容词作表语，根据句意，应是confident意为“自信的”符合语境。故选G项。 7．考查动词。句意：她要求我们在决定之前仔细考虑一下。分析句子结构可知，空前的to是不定式标志，所以空处应填动词原形，根据句意，应是reflect意为“认真思考”符合语境。故选K项。 8．考查动词。句意：我发现作业不像以前在老学校那么多了。分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词，所以空处应填名词作主语，根据句意，应是assignment意为“作业”符合语境。故选A项。 9．考查形容词。句意：我感到很幸运，因为几乎所有的老师都给了我很多鼓励，尽管有几个老师对我的文章做出了严厉的评论。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，根据句意，应是harsh意为“严厉的”符合语境。故选F项。 10．考查形容词。句意：我永远不会后悔在这所学校学习。分析句子结构可知，空前是系动词，所以空处应填形容词作表语，根据句意，应是regretful意为“后悔的”符合语境。故选I项。 一、Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A awareness    B．clear    C． encourage    D．ignore E. immediate    F. limiting    G. redesigning    H. significantly I. team    J. theme    K. unlikely Go Recycling No one looking at the state of Earth in 2023 can be in any doubt that we are facing three serious environmental problems: climate problem, loss of biodiversity (生物多样性) and pollution of air, soil and water. To solve the problems, we increase the use of electric cars, 1 greener eating and reduce plastic use. However, sometimes these solutions can be opposite to the expected goals. For instance, creating space for biofuel crops to give off fewer pollutants and greenhouse gases can, in fact, 2 increase the cutting down of trees. That means in most cases solutions aiming at one problem each time are 3 to be effective. And, what is perhaps lacking is a(n) 4 of how interlinked these problems are. We should realize that a key 5 linking all the three problems is waste. The root cause of global warming is CO2, a waste gas. The seas are polluted by plastic and other waste products. We 6 forests, among other things, to grow more food — much of which goes to waste. A shocking figure lies at the heart of our special report on our world — of the more than 100 billion tons of things that humans use each year, hardly 10% is recycled. That makes it obvious a full-range war on waste should be paid 7 attention. The situation requires our speedy moving away from the way of thinking — “take, make, throw” — towards a more recyclable one, which means we should begin 8 the products and when they reach the end of their useful lives, they can be recycled. Solving the three problems calls for a huge transition with joint efforts. Governments must take the lead by introducing laws with the purpose of rewarding green practices, such as the 9 of waste. Industries can reduce, re-use and recycle wherever possible, and 10 themselves with suppliers and the like-minded to realize recyclable business models. 【答案】 1．encourage 2．significantly 3．unlikely 4．awareness 5．theme 6．ignore 7．immediate 8．redesigning 9．limiting 10．team 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章强调了地球面临的环境问题，包括气候变化、生物多样性丧失和空气、土壤、水污染。提出通过鼓励绿色生活方式、减少塑料使用以及重视废物处理来解决这些问题。 1．考查动词。句意：为了解决这些问题，我们增加了电动汽车的使用，鼓励更环保的饮食，减少塑料的使用。分析句子可知，设空处单词与increase和reduce是并列关系，也是谓语动词，结合句意，表示“鼓励”，用动词encourage。故填encourage。 2．考查副词。句意：例如，为生物燃料作物创造空间以释放更少的污染物和温室气体，实际上可能会大大增加对树木的砍伐。根据上文“sometimes these solutions can be opposite to the expected goals”可推知，为生物燃料作物创造空间的想法可能事与愿违，可能会“大幅”增加对树木的砍伐，用副词significantly修饰动词increase，作状语。故填significantly。 3．考查形容词。句意：这意味着在大多数情况下，每次只针对一个问题的解决方案不太可能有效。根据上文“sometimes these solutions can be opposite to the expected goals”可推知，一些解决方案“不太可能”有效，用形容词unlikely作表语。故填unlikely。 4．考查名词。句意：而且，可能缺乏的是对这些问题是如何相互关联的认识。根据上文“most cases solutions aiming at one problem each time”可知，很多解决方案每次只针对一个问题，不太可能有效，所以我们缺乏的是对于这些问题是如何相互关联的“认识”，用名词awareness作表语。故填awareness。 5．考查名词。句意：我们应该认识到，连接所有这三个问题的一个关键主题是浪费。结合空格前冠词a可知，空格处单词作表语，用名词，结合句意，表示“关键主题”，用名词theme。故填theme。 6．考查动词。句意：为了种植更多的粮食，我们忽略了森林，而且其中大部分都被浪费了。根据上文“The root cause of global warming is CO2, a waste gas. The seas are polluted by plastic and other waste products.”可推知，我们认为造成全球变暖和海洋污染的是二氧化碳、塑料和其他废物，为了种更多的粮食，我们“忽略”了森林的作用，用动词ignore作谓语动词。故填ignore。 7．考查形容词。句意：很明显，一场针对浪费的全面战争应该立即引起重视。根据上文“of the more than 100 billion tons of things that humans use each year, hardly 10% is recycled.”可知，浪费现象非常严重，所以需要“立即”引起重视，用形容词immediate作定语。故填immediate。 8．考查动词。句意：这种情况要求我们迅速摆脱“拿、造、扔”的思维方式，转向更可回收的思维方式，这意味着我们应该开始重新设计产品，当它们的使用寿命结束时，它们可以被回收利用。根据上文“ moving away from the way of thinking — “take, make, throw””可推知，之前的思维方式需要改变，所以需要“重新设计”产品，用动名词redesigning作宾语。故填redesigning。 9．考查动词。句意：政府必须带头制定法律，奖励诸如限制浪费等绿色行为。根据上文“Governments must take the lead by introducing laws”可推知，政府需要制定法律“限制”浪费，用动名词limiting作宾语。故填limiting。 10．考查名词。句意：公司可以尽可能减少、再利用和回收，并与供应商和志同道合的人合作，实现可回收的商业模式。根据下文“suppliers and the like-minded to realize recyclable business models”可推知，公司需要与志同道合的人“合作”，用动词team，作谓语动词。故填team。 二、Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need. A．rather   B．comments    C． distant    D fiction   E. blank    F. suffered G. stared   H. absolutely  I. reflect    J. comfort   K. published When Michael was young, he was sensitive and shy. It was a huge task for him to talk to a stranger or go downstairs to the shops. But the boy who lived in a 11 village 30 kilometers away from the city center found great pleasure in writing. He often drank a cup of coffee on a Saturday afternoon, starting with a 12 sheet of paper. “I’m interested in many kinds of writing,” he said, “from detective story to science 13 from love story to youth novel. It’s really a pleasure to use what you write 14 than what you say to express yourself.” Michael found his talent for writing when he was 15. At that time, he was disliked by teachers for his bad academic performance and 15 from peer pressure. He liked to express himself in his diary. “No one was willing to talk to me then,” he recalled. “Sometimes they just 16 at if I had done something wrong. Actually I was at a What to do.” Then he quitted school and started writing. The young teenager wrote 10 pieces of writing in one year, most of which were 17 on the Internet. Soon his works were recognized by a lot of Internet critics and received many positive 18 from the netizens. Two years later, he was awarded the most popular webwriter by Sina. Some readers say Michael’s novels 19 his outstanding ability to explore the emotions of contemporary people, and his novels are a great 20 to people who are struggling in the society. 【答案】 11．C 12．E 13．D 14．A 15．F 16．G 17．K 18．B 19．I 20．J 【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Michael对写作的热爱以及他所取得的成就。 11．考查形容词。句意：但是这个住在离城市中心30千米远乡村的男孩在写作中找到了巨大的乐趣。此处意为“遥远的”，故应用形容词distant作定语，修饰village，故选C。 12．考查形容词。句意：他经常在周六下午喝一杯咖啡，以一张空白的纸开始。此处意为“空白的”，故应用blank作定语，修饰a sheet of paper，故选E。 13．考查名词。句意：他说道：“我对很多写作感兴趣，从侦探小说到科幻小说，再到爱情故事和青年小说。”此处意为“科幻小说”，表达为science fiction，在句中作宾语，故应用名词fiction，故选D。 14．考查短语。句意：用你写的东西而不是说的话来表达自己，是一种乐趣。此处意为“而不是”，表达为rather than，故应选用rather，故选A。 15．考查动词。句意：在那个时候，因为他的学习不好，老师不喜欢他，他也因为同龄人感到压力很大。此处意为“经历，遭受”，故应用动词suffer from，描述过去的事情，用一般过去时，故应选用suffered，故选F。 16．考查动词。句意：他回忆道：“那时，没有人愿意和我说话。有时他们只是看着我，好像我做错了事一样。”此处意为“看着……，盯着……”，表达为stare at，在句中作谓语动词，应用一般过去时，故应用选用是stared，故选G。 17．考查动词。句意：这个青年一年写了10篇文章，大多数都发表在了网上。此处意为“发表”，故选用动词published，此处were published作谓语动词，故选K。 18．考查名词。句意：很快，他的作品得到了很多网络评论家的认可，也收到了网民的积极评论。此处意为“评论”，故应选用名词comments作宾语，故选B。 19．考查动词。句意：一些读者说Michael的小说反映了他杰出的探索当代人的情感的能力，他的小说对那些挣扎于社会的人来说是一种安慰。此处意为“反映”，根据主句可知应用一般现在时，故应选用动词reflect，故选I。 20．考查名词。句意：同上。此处意为“一种安慰”，故应选用名词comfort作表语，故选J。 三、Directions: Complete the following paragraphs by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．valued     B．challenge     C． continual     D．deal        E. requirements F. vary       G. question      H. goal          I. retired      J. experience     K. rated College Sportsmen College sports, especially football and basketball, are a big industry. Nationally 21 teams and television broadcast rights can be worth millions of dollars. This could be seen as a good 22 all around. Colleges invest in their players and, in return, the schools earn money and attention. The athletes often get a free education. And they gain 23 that might lead to a chance to play professionally. But critics 24 the morality of a situation where college athletes may seem 25 more as athletes than as college students. Praise is heard for recent improvements in graduation rates. Yet critics say that some players who finish college never really learn anything except their sport. Getting back to the question of how much college athletes study, a better answer would be: it all depends. The expectations and pressures on athletes 26 from school to school and sport to sport. The National Collegiate Athletic Association governs college sports in the United States. For the past few years, this organization has been increasing 27 for student athletes. College athletes are required to make 28 progress toward earning their degree. Yet finishing college is not always a 29 for students who are good enough to play professionally. Fans of American football may remember the 30 New York Jets quarterback Joe Namath. Last weekend, he graduated from the University of Alabama. He left that school forty-two years ago to play for the Jets. Now he is sixty-four, but he went back-in part, he says, because he had promised his mother to finish his education. 【答案】 21．K 22．D 23．J 24．G 25．A 26．F 27．E 28．C 29．H 30．I 【导语】本文是新闻报道。本文讨论了大学生运动员更注重运动而不注重学习的问题。 21．考查形容词。句意：全国排名的球队和电视转播权可能价值数百万美元。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，根据句意，应是rated意为“评级的”符合语境。故选K项。 22．考查名词。句意：这可以被看作是一笔很好的交易。分析句子结构可知，空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词，根据句意，应是deal意为“交易”符合语境。故选D项。 23．考查名词。句意：他们获得的经验可能会让他们有机会成为职业球员。分析句子结构可知，空前是动词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，根据句意，应是experience意为“经验”符合语境。故选J项。 24．考查动词。句意：但批评人士质疑这种情况的道德性，即大学运动员作为运动员似乎比作为大学生更受重视。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以空处应填动词，根据句意，应是question意为“质询”符合语境。故选G项。 25．考查形容词。句意：但批评人士质疑这种情况的道德性，即大学运动员作为运动员似乎比作为大学生更受重视。分析句子结构可知，空前是系动词，所以空处应填形容词，根据句意，应是valued意为“受到尊敬的”符合语境。故选A项。 26．考查动词。句意：对运动员的期望和压力因学校和运动而异。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以空处应填动词，根据句意，应是vary意为“不同”符合语境。故选F项。 27．考查名词。句意：在过去的几年里，这个组织一直在提高对学生运动员的要求。分析句子结构可知，空前是动词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，根据句意，应是requirements意为“要求”符合语境。故选E项。 28．考查形容词。句意：大学运动员被要求为获得学位而不断进步。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，根据句意，应是continual意为“连续的”符合语境。故选C项。 29．考查名词。句意：然而，完成大学学业并不总是那些优秀到足以成为职业球员的学生的目标。分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词，所以空处应填名词，根据句意，应是goal意为“目标”符合语境。故选H项。 30．考查形容词。句意：美式足球的粉丝们可能还记得退役的纽约喷气机队四分卫乔·纳马斯。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，根据句意，应是retired意为“退役的”符合语境。故选I项。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题17：高中新题型之选词填空 （初高考点差异及衔接） 初中要求 上海初中选词填空，“五选四”。2个语段，突出对考查在语篇中整体感知和运用单词的能力，词汇涉及名词、动词、形容词、副词及短语。 高中要求 上海高中词汇填空为“十一选十”需要掌握不同词汇的正确用法，包括词义的辨析、词性的使用等，还需要根据上下文的语境来确定所填词汇的准确意义和形式等。特别提示：近几年高考词汇题常出现构词法知识、一词多性、一词多义及熟词生义现象。 【初中考点聚焦】 选词填空是上海中考必考题型之一，其目的是旨在考查学生对于词汇的正确运用以及句子基本结构的分析能力，也是容易得分的题型之一。通常情况下选词填空是英语综合试卷中词汇与语法相结合的一部分，在具体解题过程中，主要是判断所给单词的词性，再结合具体的句子结构需要进行选择。 【示例】 A． concert B． contest C． private D． regular E． take up Learn to relax． Make yourself take a breath from your studies and worries about exams． You can do this by taking a walk， reading a book， going to a （40）____________ or seeing film， or just sitting in a （41）__________ place and being silent for moment． Always（42）__________ a hobby． Learn to paint or skate， or start playing a musical instrument． When you are busy with a hobby， you leave all your worries behind． Take care of your body． Stress is your body's enemy．Taking（43）__________ exercise，eating a healthy diet and getting enough sleep are all the things that can help you． Laugh．Sometimes laughter is the best medicine for stress．Seeing a funny film or telling jokes with friends will often cheer you up when you are low． 【高中考点聚焦】 考纲解读 词汇填空题语篇约350词。文章首句不设空；一般每隔15-30个词会有一个空；空与空之间有完整意群； 方框中词汇难度中高级，以实词为主，即名词、动词、形容词、副词；语法方面考察词性之间关系和句子结构分析能力；逻辑方面考察上下文联系。 考点清单 · 解题思路一：名词的确定 动词的确定：名词在句子中做主语；名词做动词宾语或介词宾语；注意名词也可作定语。例： 1）Researchers had two groups of 20 people each listen to a 30-minute recording that included a sequence of numbers. 2）The officials realized that the students had already established digital identities _ _ by the time they entered college… 3）However, you don't have time to carefully plan menus for meals or read food labels at the supermarket. · 解题思路二：动词的确定 动词的确定：动词最容易确定，因为一个句子没有动词就等于没有谓语，是很明显的缺陷。而且动词的关联性、可比性最差，选这个和选那个有天壤之别。例： 1) In particular, when older patients complained of pain, they were told it was a natural part of aging and they would have to learn to live with it. 2）Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children 3）Next, assess the scene, asking other people or the injured person’s family or friends about details of the injury or illness 4) The first step in defeating this anxiety is realizing that test anxiety is a natural reaction, and that it can be minimized. · 解题思路三：非谓语动词的确定 非谓语动词的确定：动名词作主语、动词宾语和介词宾语、表语、定语。分词作表语、宾补、定语、状语。 有不定式标志to，空格处应填入动词原形；另一种情况to是介词，后面应填入动名词。例： 2）The rise in stories describing events that never happened, often involving fake people in fake places, has led to Facebook and Google’s promising to deal with them. But are we really so easy to fool? 4）He will govern with Congress fully under Republican control and lead a country deeply divided__ by his campaign against Clinton. 5）They tried to protect the wagon trains from Indian attacks.  · 解题思路四：形容词的确定 形容词的确定：形容词作定语修饰名词。单个形容词作前置定语；形容词短语作后置定语。例： 1) This is a city that knows how to be both ancient and modern. 2）The media provide information to millions of people, but they are not yet so efficient at providing leaders with feedback from the public.　 · 解题思路五：副词的确定 副词的确定：句子完整，副词可修饰动词、形容词、副词、整个句子、介词短语、不定式、过去分词等； 1）These stations will adequately prepare humans to visit and later live on Mars or other Earth-like planets. 2）In fact, the city is one of the most vibrant, international cities in Europe and is regularly voted as one of the most desirable places to live in the world. 3）In the late 16th and early 17th Century a bad weather gripped England. The cold and rain resulted in poor harvests and consequently severe lack of food. · 解题思路六：熟词生义 You need to communicate in a way that 38 their company standards; this will show that you can fit in that organization.（2017春考模拟卷） A. competitors B. philosophy C. properly D. maximize E. enthusiastic F. candidate Gmirrors H. background I. extremely J. conducted K. cultural · 解题思路七：一词多性 These demands must also be balanced with the need to create interiors (内饰) that in some way enhance, establish or promote a company’s image and will enable employees to 49 at their best. A. access B.alternatives C.designed D. confirmed E. conflicting F. elements G. function H.innovative I.prospective J. separate K. supporting · 解题思路八：构词法（派生/转化/合成/缀合） A. account B. adjustable C. appliances D. capture E. decorations F. direct G. experiment H. intended I. operated J.soulless K. squeeze More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the result is 43 design. For example, think of a(n) 47 desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user. A. administered B. assess C. evaluating D. externally E. improperly F. life-threatening G. measures H. original I. preexisting J. principles K. vital Next, __（assess）____ the scene, asking other people or the injured person’s family or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been given, and __preexisting___ conditions such as heart trouble. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do not move the victim. First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether life-threatening conditions exist. · 解题思路九：固定搭配 在选词填空中，约定俗成的固定搭配不是很多，但对固定搭配的理解很常见。此外，非常重要的一点是注意小品词，即我们通常所说的to, in , on , at ,from等等,某种程度上能给我们选择的提示。如： 1).He believes design must take into the sensory side of our nature—sight, smell, touch and taste. （account） 2). Since you really____ yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come in handy, wouldn't it? (commit) 3).The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-called "traffic light system" to ____foods healthy or unhealthy. (classify) （2014高考） · 解题步骤： 1、浏览全文，把握文脉。答题时，不要急于看选项、找答案，应通篇浏览短文，浏览的速度应根据考生本人的情况而定，以能看懂为标准，必要时可以划出关键词句。 2、审读选项，辨析词性。由于给出的选项，每个只能选用一次，所以它对学生词汇的要求很高，务必搞清每个词的词性，有的词可能是多种词性，因为接下来的每一个空格都必须要和句子所要求的词性相一致。 3、先易后难，上下求索。做题是应仔细分析句子结构，明白所填入的词汇在句中扮演的角色，对于一些能迅速找到答案的先填入，从而把选择范围大大缩小，降低阅读难度。遇到一时想不起来的空，先跳过去，不要用太多的时间停留在一个单词上。 4、复读检查，通顺逻辑。填完之后将所选定的词放到文章中复读检查，仔细推敲，注意所选的答案填入空白处后，整个句子语法结构、词性、语态、时态是否合理。一旦发现问题，及时纠正。 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only beused once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．assignment     B．timetable    C． expectation    D．behaviors    E. distant    F. harsh G. confident   H. usual    I. regretful     J. achieve       K. reflect School Life in the UK Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me. I was very happy with the school 1 in Britain because school starts around 9 a.m. and ends about 3.30 p.m. This means I could get up an hour later than 2 , as schools in China begin before 8 a.m. On the first day, all of the new students went to attend an assembly in the school hall. I sat next to a girl whose name was Dianne. We soon became best friends. During assembly, the headmaster told us about the rules of the school. We should mind our 3 based on the rules. He also told us that the best way to live up to our parents’ 4 was to work hard and 5 high grades. This sounded like my school in China. I had many teachers in the past year. Mr. Heywood, my class teacher, was very helpful. He told us that the more 6 we are, the more easily we can succeed. My favorite teacher was Miss Burke -I loved the lessons that she gave in English Literature. She asked us to 7 before we decide. In our class, there were 28 students. This is about the average size for British schools. We had to move to different classrooms for different classes. We also had different students in some classes, so it was a struggle for me to remember all the faces and names. I found that the 8 was not as heavy as what I used to get in my old school. However, it was a bit challenging for me at first. I felt lucky, as almost all of my teachers gave me much encouragement, although a few make 9 comments on my essays. I would never be 10 for studying in this school. 一、Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A awareness    B．clear     C． encourage    D．ignore E. immediate    F. limiting     G. redesigning    H. significantly I. team    J. theme    K. unlikely Go Recycling No one looking at the state of Earth in 2023 can be in any doubt that we are facing three serious environmental problems: climate problem, loss of biodiversity (生物多样性) and pollution of air, soil and water. To solve the problems, we increase the use of electric cars, 1 greener eating and reduce plastic use. However, sometimes these solutions can be opposite to the expected goals. For instance, creating space for biofuel crops to give off fewer pollutants and greenhouse gases can, in fact, 2 increase the cutting down of trees. That means in most cases solutions aiming at one problem each time are 3 to be effective. And, what is perhaps lacking is a(n) 4 of how interlinked these problems are. We should realize that a key 5 linking all the three problems is waste. The root cause of global warming is CO2, a waste gas. The seas are polluted by plastic and other waste products. We 6 forests, among other things, to grow more food — much of which goes to waste. A shocking figure lies at the heart of our special report on our world — of the more than 100 billion tons of things that humans use each year, hardly 10% is recycled. That makes it obvious a full-range war on waste should be paid 7 attention. The situation requires our speedy moving away from the way of thinking — “take, make, throw” — towards a more recyclable one, which means we should begin 8 the products and when they reach the end of their useful lives, they can be recycled. Solving the three problems calls for a huge transition with joint efforts. Governments must take the lead by introducing laws with the purpose of rewarding green practices, such as the 9 of waste. Industries can reduce, re-use and recycle wherever possible, and 10 themselves with suppliers and the like-minded to realize recyclable business models. 二、Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need. A．rather   B．comments    C． distant    D fiction   E. blank    F. suffered G. stared   H. absolutely  I. reflect    J. comfort   K. published When Michael was young, he was sensitive and shy. It was a huge task for him to talk to a stranger or go downstairs to the shops. But the boy who lived in a 11 village 30 kilometers away from the city center found great pleasure in writing. He often drank a cup of coffee on a Saturday afternoon, starting with a 12 sheet of paper. “I’m interested in many kinds of writing,” he said, “from detective story to science 13 from love story to youth novel. It’s really a pleasure to use what you write 14 than what you say to express yourself.” Michael found his talent for writing when he was 15. At that time, he was disliked by teachers for his bad academic performance and 15 from peer pressure. He liked to express himself in his diary. “No one was willing to talk to me then,” he recalled. “Sometimes they just 16 at if I had done something wrong. Actually I was at a What to do.” Then he quitted school and started writing. The young teenager wrote 10 pieces of writing in one year, most of which were 17 on the Internet. Soon his works were recognized by a lot of Internet critics and received many positive 18 from the netizens. Two years later, he was awarded the most popular webwriter by Sina. Some readers say Michael’s novels 19 his outstanding ability to explore the emotions of contemporary people, and his novels are a great 20 to people who are struggling in the society. 三、Directions: Complete the following paragraphs by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．valued     B．challenge     C． continual     D．deal        E. requirements F. vary       G. question      H. goal          I. retired      J. experience     K. rated College Sportsmen College sports, especially football and basketball, are a big industry. Nationally 21 teams and television broadcast rights can be worth millions of dollars. This could be seen as a good 22 all around. Colleges invest in their players and, in return, the schools earn money and attention. The athletes often get a free education. And they gain 23 that might lead to a chance to play professionally. But critics 24 the morality of a situation where college athletes may seem 25 more as athletes than as college students. Praise is heard for recent improvements in graduation rates. Yet critics say that some players who finish college never really learn anything except their sport. Getting back to the question of how much college athletes study, a better answer would be: it all depends. The expectations and pressures on athletes 26 from school to school and sport to sport. The National Collegiate Athletic Association governs college sports in the United States. For the past few years, this organization has been increasing 27 for student athletes. College athletes are required to make 28 progress toward earning their degree. Yet finishing college is not always a 29 for students who are good enough to play professionally. Fans of American football may remember the 30 New York Jets quarterback Joe Namath. Last weekend, he graduated from the University of Alabama. He left that school forty-two years ago to play for the Jets. Now he is sixty-four, but he went back-in part, he says, because he had promised his mother to finish his education. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$