UNIT 2 Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas（Word教参）-【勤径学升】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第一册同步练测（外研版2019）

Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas [对应学生用书第23页] Ⅰ.重点单词 ►基础单词 1．debt n.　　　　　　 债务， 欠款 2．pace n. 速度；进度 3．overnight adv. 突然， 一下子 4．nevertheless adv. 然而， 不过 5．classic n. 名著；经典作品 6．guarantee v. 保证；确保 7．outcome n. 结果， 后果 ►拓展单词 1．rare adj.稀少的；珍贵的；(肉)半熟的→rarely adv.很少， 难得 2．reject v．拒绝；不接受；抛弃→rejection n．拒绝， 否决 3．criticize v．批评；指责→criticism n．批评；指责→critic n．批评家， 评论家→critical adj.批评的， 指责的；紧要的 Ⅱ.重点短语 1．give up 放弃；停止 2．have…in common 有共同之处 3．survive on 靠……存活下来 4．be interested in 对……感兴趣 5．turn down 拒绝；关小， 调低 6．more than 多于；不仅仅；非常 7．work on 从事……；继续…… 8．dream of 梦见；梦想；设想 9．in fact 事实上， 实际上 10．play a part(in) (在……中)起作用；(在……中)扮演角色 Ⅲ.阅读词汇 1．inform v. 通知， 告知 2．dread v. 畏惧， 惧怕 3．persevere v. 锲而不舍， 坚持不懈 4．manuscript n. 手稿， 底稿 5．best­seller n. 畅销书；畅销产品 6．endurance n. (忍)耐力 7．delighted adj. 愉快的， 高兴的 Ⅳ.重点句型 1．The response from a publisher comes back and the writer eagerly opens and reads it, their hearts sinking when they reach that final sentence. 出版商给了回信， 作家急切地拆开来读， 但读到这最后一句， 心随即跌落谷底。 2．“I wasn't going to give up until every single publisher turned me down, but I often feared that would happen，” she later posted． “我不会放弃的， 除非所有的出版商都拒绝我。不过我常常担心这真的会发生。”她后来说。 3．After a total of twelve rejections, one publisher eventually agreed to print 500 copies of her first book, and as we know, Harry Potter became a global success, with over 400 million books sold and translated into more than seventy different languages． 在收到12封拒稿信后， 终于有一家出版商同意将她的第一本书印刷500册。我们都知道， 《哈利·波特》后来在全球大获成功， 销量超过4亿册， 被翻译成了70多种不同的语言。 4．Even when serving in the US Army during the Second World War, he carried six chapters of The Catcher in the Rye with him and worked on the novel throughout his war service. 甚至在二战期间， 他在美国陆军服役时， 还随身携带了《麦田里的守望者》一书的六章内容， 并且在整个服役期间一直致力于对小说进行修改。 5．In fact, it is within the pages of Jane Eyre that we can find these words: “I honour endurance, perseverance, industry, talent; because these are the means by which men achieve great ends…” 其实， 这正印证了我们在《简·爱》中读到的：“我崇尚忍耐、坚毅、勤奋、天赋；因为只有依靠这些， 人们才能实现宏大的目标……” [对应学生用书第24页] [整体理解] Ⅰ.Scan the text and match the general idea of each paragraph. 1．Para．1 A．Perseverance is the key to success. 2．Para．2 B．Many highly successful writers have previously faced rejection. 3．Para．3 C．The Brontё sisters deserved the overall prize for perseverance. 4．Para．4 D．J.K.Rowling received rejection but she persevered． 5．Para．5 E．J.D．Salinger had to face criticism along with rejection. 答案　1－5　BDECA Ⅱ.Read the text and choose the best answers. 1．What's the first thing that every writer will do when they receive the response from a publisher? A．Run back home eagerly. B．Open and read it to the end． C．Wait for a call to come. D．Write back immediately. 2．Who have served in the army according to the text? A．J.K.Rowling.　　　 B． J.D．Salinger. C．Charlotte Brontё. D．Emily Brontё. 3．What is special about J．D．Salinger compared with other writers mentioned in this passage? A．He worked on his novel when serving in the army. B．His novel was not popular when it was first published． C．He had faced many rejections before his novel was published． D．He once wanted to give up trying but later changed his mind． 4．Why did the three sisters write a book of poems using male names? A．Because women weren't supported to be writers. B．Because they got Robert Southey's objection. C．Because they wanted to see their words in print. D．Because their novels were unsuccessful. 答案　1－4　BBAA Ⅲ.Fill in the blanks according to the text. Every writer knows the sentence “We regret to inform you…” well 1.but perhaps not many know that a lot of 2.highly(high)successful writers have previously faced rejection.When J．K.Rowling received her first rejection letter, she 3.stuck(stick)it on her kitchen wall.Rowling had spent years 4.surviving(survive)on little money, spending all her time writing.After 5.a total of twelve rejections, she succeeded．As we know, Harry Potter became a 6.global(globe)success.J.D．Salinger started writing short stories in high school, but later struggled to get his works 7.published(publish).Despite rejections from several publishers, he refused to give up.Perhaps the overall prize for 8.perseverance(persevere)should go to the Brontё sisters.There was a time 9.when women were not encouraged to become writers, so they had to write a book of poems under male names.Even when the book sold only two copies, the sisters still didn't give up.It seems that talent alone isn't enough 10.to guarantee(guarantee)success. [课文译注] 词汇积累 教材原文 参考译文 ①inform v．通知， 告知 ②dread v．畏惧， 惧怕 ③rarely adv.很少， 难得 ④overnight adv.突然， 一下子 ⑤rejection n．拒绝， 否决 reject v．拒绝接受；不予考虑 ⑥take sth. for example把某事作为例子 ⑦have…in common有……共同之处 ⑧survive v．生存 survive on靠……生存 ⑨along adv.一道， 一起 along with与……一起 ⑩nevertheless adv.然而， 不过 ⑪persevere v．锲而不舍， 坚持不懈 persevere in(doing)sth.坚持(做)某事 perseverance n．[U]毅力 ⑫turn down拒绝；把……调低， 关小 ⑬all too often有太多时候， 太过频繁(表示坏事发生次数太多) ⑭criticism n．批评；指责 ⑮struggle to do sth.努力做某事 ⑯manuscript n．手稿， 底稿 ⑰rye n．黑麦 ⑱best­seller n．畅销书；畅销产品 ⑲overall adj.全面的， 综合的 ⑳Victorian adj.英国维多利亚(女王)时代的 in print已刊印；已出版 laureate n．重要奖项获得者 Poet Laureate桂冠诗人 classic n．名著；经典作品 endurance n．(忍)耐力 endure v．忍耐， 忍受(同bear) industry n．[U]勤奋， 勤劳 industrious adj.勤劳的， 勤奋的 means n．方式， 方法(单复数同形) guarantee v．保证；确保 guarantee sb． sth.向某人保证某事 touch n．[C](usually sing.)一点儿， 少许 a touch of有一点…… delighted adj.愉快的， 高兴的 We Regret to Inform You… “We regret to inform① you…” These are the words that every writer dreads② receiving, but words every writer knows well.The response from a publisher comes back and the writer eagerly opens and reads it, their hearts sinking when they reach that final sentence.[1] You may have spent years giving up your weekends and free time to write your life's work, yet still this is often not enough.Everyone knows that success rarely③ happens overnight④， but perhaps not many know that a lot of highly successful writers have previously faced rejection⑤. [1]their hearts sinking是“名词＋现在分词”构成的独立主格结构， 作伴随状语。 Take for example⑥ J．K.Rowling.When she received her first rejection letter, she decided that it meant she now had something in common⑦ with her favourite writers, and stuck it on her kitchen wall.Rowling had spent years surviving⑧ on little money, spending all her time writing.[2] When she finally finished her first book, she received comments from publishers along⑨ the lines of “too difficult for children”， “too long”， “Children would not be interested in it”．Nevertheless⑩， she persevered⑪.“I wasn't going to give up until every single publisher turned me down⑫， but I often feared that would happen，” she later posted．After a total of twelve rejections, one publisher eventually agreed to print 500 copies of her first book, and as we know, Harry Potter became a global success, with over 400 million books sold and translated into more than seventy different languages.[3] [2]spending all her time writing是现在分词短语作伴随状语。 [3]with over 400 million books sold and translated into more than seventy different languages属于“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构， 作原因状语。“over 400 million books”作宾语， “sold and translated…languages”是过去分词短语作宾语补足语。books与sell和translate 之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。 All too often⑬ writers of great works have had to face criticism⑭ along with rejection.J.D．Salinger started writing short stories in high school, but later struggled⑮ to get his works published．[4] “We feel that we don't know the central character well enough” was the criticism he received on his manuscript⑯ for The Catcher in the Rye⑰.Despite rejections from several publishers, J．D．Salinger refused to give up.Even when serving in the US Army during the Second World War, he carried six chapters of The Catcher in the Rye with him and worked on the novel throughout his war service.[5] When it was eventually published, the book became an immediate best­seller⑱ and went on to sell millions and millions of copies. [4]get his works published是“使役动词get＋宾语＋宾补”结构。his works是宾语， published是过去分词形式作宾语补足语， his works与publish 之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。 [5] when serving in the US Army during the Second World War属于时间状语从句的省略。其完整形式是：when he was serving…Second World War。因主句的主语和从句的主语一致且从句谓语中包含be动词的某种形式， 故省略了从句的he was。 Perhaps the overall⑲ prize for perseverance should go to three sisters from Victorian⑳ England who dreamt of seeing their words in print.This, however, was a time when women were not encouraged to become writers.As the then Poet Laureate, Robert Southey, wrote to one of them: “Literature cannot be the business of a woman's life, and it ought not to be.” Nevertheless, the sisters didn't stop trying.Their response was to write a book of poems under male names.Even when the book sold only two copies, the sisters still didn't give up.They started writing novels, and today Charlotte Brontё's Jane Eyre, Emily Brontё's Wuthering Heights and Anne Brontё's Agnes Grey are regarded as classics of world literature.In fact, it is within the pages of Jane Eyre that we can find these words: “I honour endurance, perseverance, industry, talent; because these are the means by which men achieve great ends…”[6] [6]it is within the pages of Jane Eyre that we can find these words属于强调句型， 强调地点状语within the pages of Jane Eyre；by which men achieve great ends是“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句， 修饰先行词means。之所以用介词by, 是因为该介词与先行词常构成“by…means”的惯用搭配。 So, it seems that talent alone isn't enough to guarantee success.[7] While a lot of hard work and a touch of luck play a part, perseverance is the key.[8] Keep trying and eventually you will read the words “We are delighted to inform you…” [7]该句属于“It seems that…”句式， 意为“似乎……”。可转化为“sb．/sth. seems to do/to be doing/to have done”。 [8]该句是复合句。从句是由 while引导的让步状语从句， while在此表示“虽然”。 我们抱歉地通知您…… “我们抱歉地通知您……”这句话， 对每个作家来说， 既可怕又熟悉。出版商给了回信， 作家急切地拆开来读， 但读到这最后一句， 心随即跌落谷底。你可能已经花费数年， 放弃了周末和空闲时间去创作你的毕生作品， 但这往往还不够。大家都明白， 成功不是一朝一夕可以获得的；但也许很多人都不知道， 很多卓越的作家也都曾被拒稿。 以J.K.罗琳为例。当她收到第一封拒稿信时， 她决定把这看作是自己与喜爱的作家之间有了共同之处， 并把这封信贴在厨房的墙上。罗琳过了很多年拮据的生活， 她把所有时间都用来写作。当她终于完成第一本书时， 出版商给出的评价却是“对孩子来说太难理解”“太长”“孩子们不会感兴趣”等等。尽管如此， 她依然坚持不懈。“我不会放弃的， 除非所有的出版商都拒绝我。不过我常常担心这真的会发生。”她后来说。在收到12封拒稿信后， 终于有一家出版商同意将她的第一本书印刷500册。我们都知道， 《哈利·波特》后来在全球大获成功， 销量超过4亿册， 被翻译成了70多种不同的语言。 在被回绝的同时还要遭受批评， 这在那些写出伟大作品的作家身上太普遍了。J.D．塞林格从高中时就开始写短篇小说了， 但之后他的作品却难以发表。“我们觉得自己无法充分理解中心人物。”这是《麦田里的守望者》的手稿受到的批评。即使被多家出版商回绝， J．D．塞林格也从未放弃。甚至在二战期间， 他在美国陆军服役时， 还随身携带了《麦田里的守望者》一书的六章内容， 并在整个服役期间一直致力于对小说进行修改。最终， 这本书一经出版， 便立刻成为畅销书， 卖出了上千万册。 也许， 坚持不懈的最高荣誉应该颁给来自英国维多利亚时代的三姐妹。她们梦想着看到自己的作品出版。然而， 这是一个不鼓励女性成为作家的时代。当时的桂冠诗人， 罗伯特·骚塞， 在给她们其中一位的信中写道：“文学不可能也不应该成为女人的事业。”尽管如此， 三姐妹并没有放弃尝试。她们的应对方式是以男性名字为笔名写了一本诗集。虽然这本诗集只卖出了两册， 但她们还是没有放弃， 转而开始写小说。如今， 夏洛蒂·勃朗特的《简·爱》、艾米莉·勃朗特的《呼啸山庄》和安妮·勃朗特的《艾格妮丝·格雷》被认为是世界文学的经典之作。其实， 这正印证了我们在《简·爱》中读到的：“我崇尚忍耐、坚毅、勤奋、天赋；因为只有依靠这些， 人们才能实现宏大的目标……” 因此， 仅靠天赋似乎不足以保证获得成功。不懈的努力和一点点运气固然很重要， 但坚持不懈才是关键。坚持下去， 你终会收到这样的回复：“我们高兴地通知您……” [对应学生用书第27页] [核心词汇] 1．debt n．债务， 欠款 (教材P17)When the funds are low and the debts are high… 当资金短缺， 债台高筑时…… [归纳拓展] in debt　　　　　　　 负债 in debt to sb．＝in sb．'s debt 欠某人的钱；欠某人的情 out of debt 不欠债 go/get/run into debt 陷入债务之中， 负债 pay off one's debts 偿清某人的债务 I'm heavily in debt at the moment, but hope to be out of debt when I get paid． 我现在负债累累， 但希望拿到工资后就能把债务还清。 It's much easier to get into debt than to get out of debt. 欠债容易还债难。 [活学活用] (1)单句语法填空 ①As we all know, she is a person who doesn't like to be in debt to anyone. ②She was in debt when she was poor, but she has been out of debt since she got rich. ③To buy a house or a car, one usually has to go into debt. (2)单句写作 ④还清了债务使得汤姆心情轻松。 Being out of debt/Paying off his debts/Getting out of debt makes Tom a light mood． 2．rejection n．拒绝， 否决 (教材P18)Everyone knows that success rarely happens overnight, but perhaps not many know that a lot of highly successful writers have previously faced rejection. 大家都明白， 成功不是一朝一夕可以获得的；但也许很多人都不知道， 很多卓越的作家也都曾被拒稿。 [归纳拓展] (1)a rejection letter　　　　 回绝信 (2)reject v. 拒绝；不接受；抛弃 reject outright 彻底否决 reject out of hand 一口拒绝 We rejected his idea for a music club, and decided to have an art club instead． 我们没有采纳他关于成立音乐俱乐部的想法， 而是决定成立艺术俱乐部。 All our suggestions were rejected out of hand． 我们所有的建议被一口拒绝了。 [易混辨析]　reject/refuse reject 常用于正式场合， 表示拒不接受不适当或厌恶的东西， 如建议、计划、赠物、求婚、忠告等， 语气比refuse强， 有时还含有“抛弃；剔除”等意思。后面常接名词， 不接不定式。 refuse 普通用词， 后接双宾语、名词或不定式， 不接不定式的复合宾语和宾语从句。 [活学活用] (1)单句语法填空 ①Like those early days for Dad, I faced lots of rejections(reject). ②The graduate didn't expect to be rejected(reject)by the company. (2)选词填空：reject、refuse ③She refused to answer the question. ④I think the president was correct to reject the offer. 3．criticism n．批评；指责 (教材P19)All too often writers of great works have had to face criticism along with rejection. 在被回绝的同时还要遭受批评， 这在那些写出伟大作品的作家身上太普遍了。 [归纳拓展] (1)criticise v.　　　　 　　　　 批评；指责；评价 criticise sb． for(doing)sth. 因(做)某事批评某人 (2)critic n. 批评家， 评论家 (3)critical adj. 批评的， 批判的；危急的， 关键的 When he was criticised by the boss, he was so angry that he couldn't contain himself. 当老板批评他时， 他很生气， 以至于无法控制自己。 The coach criticised him for not focusing on his soccer drills. 教练批评他不专心于他的足球训练。 [活学活用] (1)单句语法填空 ①He was criticised for his tough stand on immigration. ②You have to be careful to make a decision at such a critical(criticise)point. ③His policies invited widespread criticism(criticise). (2)单句写作 ④医生批评政府没有在公共医疗保健服务上投入足够的资金。 Doctors have criticised the government for failing to invest enough in the health service. 4．guarantee v．保证；确保 (教材P20)So, it seems that talent alone isn't enough to guarantee success. 因此， 仅靠天赋似乎不足以保证获得成功。 [归纳拓展] (1)guarantee to do sth./that…　 保证/担保做某事；确保…… be guaranteed to do sth. 必定做某事 (2)guarantee n. 保证；保证书 give sb．a guarantee(that)… 向某人保证…… under guarantee 在保修期内 We guarantee to inform you of what's happening here in time. 我们保证及时通知你这里发生的事情。 The car is less than a year old, so it is still under guarantee. 这辆汽车还不到一年， 因此它还在保修期内。 [活学活用] (1)单句语法填空 ①I guarantee to pay(pay)off my debts on time, no matter what happens. ②If you yell at him, he will be guaranteed(guarantee)to do the opposite of what you want. ③The shop said they would replace the television since it was still under guarantee. (2)单句写作 ④我们保证在一周内将货物送到。 We guarantee to/give you a guarantee that we will deliver the goods within one week. [重点句型] (教材P18)The response from a publisher comes back and the writer eagerly opens and reads it, their hearts sinking when they reach that final sentence. 出版商给了回信， 作家急切地拆开来读， 但读到这最后一句， 心随即跌落谷底。 [句式剖析] their hearts sinking是独立主格结构。 [归纳拓展] 独立主格结构主要的构成方式如下： (1)名词或代词主格＋分词 (2)名词或代词主格＋不定式 (3)名词或代词主格＋形容词/副词/名词/介词短语 More time given, we should have done the complicated task much better. 如果有更多的时间， 我们就会把这项复杂的任务做得更好。 Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly built school will look even more beautiful. 种上许多的树、花和草后， 我们新建的学校看上去将更美。 He came out of the library, (with)a large book under his arm. 他夹着一大本书， 走出了图书馆。 [名师点津] 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同， 它常在句中作状语， 与with复合结构的作用相同。 [活学活用] (1)单句语法填空 ①All things considered(consider), her suggestion is of greater value than yours. ② Time permitting(permit), we'll go to your house. (2)句型转换 ③After all the emails had been answered, the girl turned off the computer. →All the emails answered, the girl turned off the computer. 2．with复合结构 (教材P19)After a total of twelve rejections, one publisher eventually agreed to print 500 copies of her first book, and as we know, Harry Potter became a global success, with over 400 million books sold and translated into more than seventy different languages． 在收到12封拒稿信后， 终于有一家出版商同意将她的第一本书印刷500册。我们都知道， 《哈利·波特》后来在全球大获成功， 销量超过4亿册， 被翻译成了70多种不同的语言。 [句式剖析] with over 400 million books sold and translated into more than seventy different languages是with复合结构， 在句中作伴随状语。 [归纳拓展] with复合结构的构成： (1)with＋宾语＋doing(doing表主动或正在进行的动作) (2)with＋宾语＋done(done表被动或已完成的动作) (3)with＋宾语＋to do(to do表示将来的动作) (4)with＋宾语＋介词短语/adj./adv. With his homework finished, he went out to play. 完成作业后， 他就出去玩了。 With a lot of homework to do, I can't go skating with you. 我有很多作业要做， 不能和你一起去滑冰。 [活学活用] (1)单句语法填空 ①With the boy leading(lead)the way, we found the city museum quickly. ②With all the tasks finished(finish), they went to the cinema happily. ③With a lot of difficult problems to settle(settle), the new president is very busy all day long. (2)一句多译 随着时间的推移， 我们确信一切都会好起来的。 ④With time passing by, we are sure that everything will become better. ⑤As time passes by, we are sure that everything will become better. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$