UNIT 2 Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas（Word练习）-【勤径学升】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第一册同步练测（外研版2019）

[对应素能提升训练第14页] [基础语用题] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．Don't expect it to improve overnight(一下子). 2．The two sides were satisfied with the outcome(结果)of the talk. 3．Nevertheless(然而), most parents don't know how to get along with their children. 4．The Harry Potter movies are universally recognized as classics(经典作品). 5．She slowed down her pace(进度)so I could keep up with her. Ⅱ.短语填空 take…for example；have…in common；survive on；turn down；dream of 1．Although they are good friends, they have little in common with each other. 2．The girl has dreamed/dreamt of there being a chance to act in public． 3．I don't understand why John turned down Mary's kind offer. 4．The young writer survived on bread and water during the hard time. 5．To make us understand the concept, our teacher took the cup for example． Ⅲ.单句语法填空 1．This country has been in debt for a year because of the financial crisis. 2．There was wide criticism(criticise)of the government's handling of the disaster. 3．He decided not to approach her for fear of rejection(reject). 4．Whether we can go or not, you guarantee to finish(finish)your homework first. 5．The wounds rarely(rare)seem to get infected, even though they often fight. Ⅳ.完成句子 1．It is bad manners for you to talk with your finger pointing at others． 你用手指指着别人说话是不礼貌的。 2．The young man was lying on the ground, his eyes staring at the ceiling． 那个年轻人躺在地上， 眼睛盯着天花板。 3．When running all the way to the foot of South Hill, some students fell behind． 一路跑到南山脚下时， 有些学生落在后面。 4．I didn't realize its importance until I was chosen monitor of my class. 直到我被选为我们班的班长我才意识到它的重要性。 5．It is for this reason that you can't wear a black jacket at the party. 正因为这个原因， 你不能在聚会上穿黑色的夹克。 [能力提升题] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (赣州高二期末) Do you edit text messages carefully before sending them? If so, you may be the kind of person who takes pride in crafting even the simplest message. A new book Writing For Busy Readers makes the argument for being the careful kind of writer, even in informal messages. It lays out the data for sharp, simple writing. Todd Rogers and Jessica Lasky­Fink are behavioural scientists, both at Harvard． Their“Writing For Busy Readers” is cleverly titled: all readers are busy nowadays. People are filled constantly with messages, from the mailbox to the inbox to the text­message reminder. What to read, what to skim and what to ignore are decisions that nearly everyone has to make dozens, or even hundreds of times a day. The authors present well­established principles that have long been prized in guides to writing including The Economist's style book: cut unnecessary words, choose words everyone knows and keep sentences simple. Take “less is more”. Most books on writing well suggest cutting off needless words. However, in Writing for Busy Readers, the authors have tested the principles. For example, in an email to thousands of school­board members asking them to take a survey, cutting the length from 127 to 49 words almost doubled the response rate(from 2.7% to 4.8%). The researchers found that a longer message makes recipients(收件人)think the task(such as filling out a survey)will take longer, too. Writers must sometimes choose to be informal but effective instead of sympathetic but ignored． From Facebook posts to online­travel reviews, even brief, informal pieces of writing that follow these rules get more likes, shares and so on. From essays to text messages organizing dinner plans, devoting time to the needs of readers has evident benefits. If you are so busy that you write a badly­organized message that readers scan, ignore and delete, then you might as well have not written it at all. [语篇导读]　这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了《为忙碌的读者写作》一书说明一些写作的原则， 指出人们总是被各种信息填满， 从(住宅的)信箱到(电子邮件的)收件箱再到短信提醒。读什么， 略读什么， 忽略什么， 几乎每个人每天都要做几十次， 甚至几百次的决定。因此如何有效地写作变得很重要。 1．What is the purpose of the question in paragraph 1? A．To raise people's interest in simple writing. B．To correct the old view about text mess­ages. C．To reveal the negative effects of messages. D．To improve the texting skills of people. 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段“Do you edit text messages carefully before sending them? If so, you may be the kind of person who takes pride in crafting even the simplest message. (你在发送短信前仔细编辑过吗？如果是这样， 你可能是那种即使是最简单的信息也会引以为豪的人。)”可知， 第一段问题的目的是引起人们对简单写作的兴趣。故选A。 答案　A 2．What can be inferred about Writing for Busy Readers? A．It emphasizes the importance of timely messages. B．It brings evidence on the well­established principles. C．It was written by a well­known author Todd Rogers. D．It was once published in the magazine The Economist. 解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“However, in Writing for Busy Readers, the authors have tested the principles. For example, in an email to thousands of school­board members asking them to take a survey, cutting the length from 127 to 49 words almost doubled the response rate (from 2.7% to 4.8%).[然而， 在《为忙碌的读者写作》一书中， 作者对这些原则进行了测试。例如， 在一封给数千名学校董事会成员的电子邮件中， 要求他们进行一项调查， 将长度从127个单词减少到49个单词， 几乎使回复率翻了一番(从2.7%增加到4.8%)。]”可知， 《为忙碌的读者写作》为公认的原则提供了证据。故选B。 答案　B 3．What does the author want to show? A．Brief writing gains few popularity. B．Messages are too short to understand． C．People tend to overlook long messages. D．Sympathetic messages get many responses. 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段“The researchers found that a longer message makes recipients(收件人)think the task(such as filling out a survey)will take longer, too. Writers must sometimes choose to be informal but effective instead of sympathetic but ignored． [研究人员发现， 较长的信息会让收件人认为完成任务(比如填写调查问卷)所需的时间也更长。作者有时必须选择非正式但有效的方式， 而不是同情但被忽视的方式。]”可知， 作者想要表明人们倾向于忽略长信息。故选C。 答案　C 4．What does the passage mainly focus on? A．How to write effectively. B．When to text messages. C．The languages used in writing. D．The methods of sending emails. 解析　主旨大意题。根据第二段“A new book Writing For Busy Readers makes the argument for being the careful kind of writer, even in informal messages. It lays out the data for sharp, simple writing. (一本名为《为忙碌的读者写作》的新书提出了谨慎写作的观点， 即使是在非正式的信息中也是如此。它为简明扼要的写作列出了数据。)”以及最后一段“From essays to text messages organizing dinner plans, devoting time to the needs of readers has evident benefits. If you are so busy that you write a badly­organized message that readers scan, ignore and delete, then you might as well have not written it at all. (从论文到安排晚餐计划的短信， 花时间满足读者的需求有明显的好处。如果你太忙了， 以至于你写了一封组织混乱的邮件， 让读者浏览、忽略和删除， 那么你还不如根本不写。)”结合文章主要内容可知， 这篇文章的重点是如何有效地写作。故选A。 答案　A B (沧州七县高二期中) If you're a keen reader, you have probably heard of Chilean American author Isabel Allende and may have read one of her 20＋ books of fiction and non­fiction. One of Latin America's most famous living writers, Isabel Allende primarily writes in Spanish. But her work has been translated into English and adapted for the big screen, too, so it's accessible to readers and viewers beyond her homeland． Isabel Allende was born in 1942 in Peru to Chilean parents. Her parents separated when she was very young, and she spent a few years of her childhood in Chile with her mother, two siblings and grandfather. When Allende was 11, her mother remarried and Allende spent the rest of her childhood in Bolivia and Lebanon. Before her first book was published, Allende worked as a journalist. She cofounded the first feminist magazine, Paula, in Chile, in 1967, worked in television, wrote and produced a play, and wrote children's stories and magazines. In 1973, Allende and her family moved to Venezuela, where they lived for the next 13 years. In 1981, the foundations of her first novel, The House of the Spirits, were laid: after learning that her 99­year­old grandfather was dying, Allende wrote a letter to him. This eventually became The House of the Spirits, a magical­realist family long story. Allende had a long, productive and celebrated writing career. Over four decades she has published 24 books, which have been translated into more than 40 languages and sold more than 75 million copies, making her one of the best­selling authors in the world． She is a fairly rare author who has achieved widespread popularity among general readers and acclaim among literary critics. She herself and her books have been the subject of many academic literary studies, and she's an essential part of the Latin American Spanish literary canon(经典)． [语篇导读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了智利裔美国籍作家伊莎贝尔·阿连德的生平事迹和文学创作， 包括她的家庭背景、职业经历、第一部小说《幽灵之家》等。阿连德是拉美最著名的现当代作家之一， 作品被翻译成超过40种语言， 在全球销售超过7500万册。她的文学作品被广大读者和文学评论家喜爱， 并成为拉美西班牙文学经典的重要组成部分。 5．What language does Allende mostly write in? A．Latin.　　　　　 B． Spanish. C．English. D．French. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段“One of Latin America's most famous living writers, Isabel Allende primarily writes in Spanish. (拉丁美洲最著名的在世作家之一， 伊莎贝尔·阿连德主要用西班牙语写作。)”可知， 伊莎贝尔主要用西班牙语写作。故选B。 答案　B 6．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Allende's early life. B．Allende's homeland． C．Allende's education. D．Allende's marriage. 解析　主旨大意题。根据第三段“Isabel Allende was born in 1942 in Peru to Chilean parents. Her parents separated when she was very young, and she spent a few years of her childhood in Chile with her mother, two siblings and grandfather. When Allende was 11, her mother remarried and Allende spent the rest of her childhood in Bolivia and Lebanon.(伊莎贝尔·阿连德1942年出生于秘鲁， 父母是智利人。她的父母在她很小的时候就分居了， 她小时候和母亲、两个兄弟姐妹和外祖父在智利度过了几年。当阿连德11岁时， 她的母亲再婚， 阿连德在玻利维亚和黎巴嫩度过了她的童年。)”可知， 本段主要讲述了阿连德的早期生活。故选A。 答案　A 7．Who is directly related with Allende's first novel? A．Her mother. B．Her father. C．Her child． D．Her grandfather. 解析　细节理解题。根据第五段“In 1981, the foundations of her first novel, The House of the Spirits, were laid: after learning that her 99­year­old grandfather was dying, Allende wrote a letter to him. This eventually became The House of the Spirits, a magical­realist family long story.[1981年， 阿连德的第一部小说《幽灵之家》奠定了基础：在得知她99岁的外祖父即将告别人世的时候， 阿连德(开始)给他写信。这最终成为《幽灵之家》， 一部魔幻现实主义的长篇家庭故事。]”可知， The House of the Spirits原本是阿连德写给她外祖父的一封信。故选D。 答案　D 8．What does the underlined word “acclaim” in the last paragraph mean? A．Worry. B．Doubt. C．Praise. D．Comfort. 解析　词义猜测题。根据“She is a fairly rare author who has achieved widespread popularity among general readers(她是一位在普通读者中广受欢迎的、相当罕见的作家)”及下文“she's an essential part of the Latin American Spanish literary canon(她是拉丁美洲西班牙文学经典的重要组成部分)”可知， 阿连德是一位在普通读者中广受欢迎的、相当罕见的作家， 同时她的作品也是拉丁美洲西班牙文学经典的重要组成部分， 由此推断她在文学评论家中是获得赞扬的。故选C。 答案　C Ⅱ.阅读七选五 (吕梁高二期末) Ways to get lucky Luck isn't some mysterious force.“To a certain degree, we are responsible for much of the good fortune that we have，” says Richard Wiseman, a professor of psychology.Here are how to become lucky. Expect good things 1 ．The more optimistic you are about your chances, the more likely you are to test your luck.Not an optimist by nature? Lucky charms can work by building confidence. Work for chances Lucky people make lots of friends and acquaintances. 2 ．These habits result in a “network of luck”， creating the potential for good things to happen.A researcher advises getting out of everyday routines.“Throwing a little chaos into your life opens you up to a chance，” she says. 3 ． Value bad luck 4 ．Lucky people are similarly able to transform a failure into a positive event, which helps them keep taking chances.Face your next one with these questions: What have I learned? What do I want now? How can I get it? 5 In one UK study, subjects played a game with cards they had never played before while their heart rates were monitored．There was no obvious strategy to follow and players had to follow their feelings and guess.Researchers found the winners were those who listened to their heart rates.So take a chance. A．Find your advantages B．Follow your inner voices C．Lucky people tend to be outgoing D．The goal is to stay open to possibilities E．If you believe that you'll do well, you'll be more motivated F．They talk to lots of people, attract people to them, and keep in touch G.Finding value in bad luck can help your brain process situations differently [语篇导读]　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些获得幸运的方法。 1．解析　根据后文“The more optimistic you are about your chances, the more likely you are to test your luck.Not an optimist by nature? Lucky charms can work by building confidence.(你对你的机会越乐观， 你就越有可能去测试你的运气。没有天生的乐观主义者？迷人的特征可以建立自信。)”可知， 后文提到对机会越乐观， 越有可能去测试运气， 即要相信自己才能有动力去做事情， 故E选项“如果你相信你能做好， 你就会更有动力”符合语境。故选E。 答案　E 2．解析　根据上文“Lucky people make lots of friends and acquaintances.(幸运的人会交到很多朋友和熟人。)”以及后文“These habits result in a ‘network of luck’， creating the potential for good things to happen.(这些习惯形成了“运气网”， 创造了好事发生的可能性。)”可知。上文提到了幸运的人会交很多朋友， 后文则提到了习惯， 可知本句是在说明幸运的人的习惯， F选项中“They”指代上文“Lucky people”。故F选项“他们和很多人交谈， 吸引很多人， 保持联系”符合语境。故选F。 答案　F 3．解析　根据上文“A researcher advises getting out of everyday routines.‘Throwing a little chaos into your life opens you up to a chance，’ she says.(一位研究人员建议脱离日常生活。她说：“给你的生活带来一点混乱会给你一个机会。”)”可知， 上文提到给生活添加混乱会创造机会， 本句为本段最后一句， 应承接上文说明这一做法的目标：对各种可能性保持开放的心态。故D选项“目标是对各种可能性保持开放的心态”符合语境。故选D。 答案　D 4．解析　根据后文“Lucky people are similarly able to transform a failure into a positive event, which helps them keep taking chances.Face your next one with these questions: What have I learned? What do I want now? How can I get it？(幸运的人同样能够把失败转变成积极的事件， 这有助于他们不断地抓住机会。带着这些问题面对你的下一个问题：我学到了什么？我现在想要什么？我怎样才能得到它？)”可知， 后文提到幸运的人能够把失败转变成积极的事件， 即发现坏运气中的价值， 故G选项“发现坏运气的价值可以帮助你的大脑以不同的方式处理情况”符合语境。故选G。 答案　G 5．解析　根据后文“In one UK study, subjects played a game with cards they had never played before while their heart rates were monitored．There was no obvious strategy to follow and players had to follow their feelings and guess.Researchers found the winners were those who listened to their heart rates.So take a chance.(在英国的一项研究中， 研究对象玩了一个之前从未玩过的纸牌游戏， 同时监测了他们的心率。游戏中没有明显的策略可供玩家遵循， 玩家只能根据自己的感觉和猜测。研究人员发现， 那些听自己心率的人获胜了。所以， 去冒险吧。)”可知， 本段的研究发现听自己心率的人获胜了， 可见本段的主旨是跟随内心的声音。故B选项“跟随你内心的声音”符合语境。故选B。 答案　B 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$