专题05 中国元素 中华武术-2023-2024学年高中英语阅读写作素材之中国传统文化

高中英语阅读写作素材之中国传统文化 中国元素 中华武术（素材+时文阅读+语法填空+话题写作） 第1部分 话题素材积累 Chinese martial arts, also known as Kung Fu or Wushu, are treasures of traditional Chinese culture with a long and profound history. They encompass more than just combat techniques and sports; they form a comprehensive system that embodies deep philosophical thoughts, moral values, and a way of healthy living. The development of Chinese martial arts has witnessed the historical changes of the Chinese nation, carrying the spirit of the nation and cultural confidence. 中华武术，又称国术、功夫，是中国传统文化的瑰宝，源远流长，博大精深。它不仅仅是一系列的格斗技巧和体育运动，更是蕴含深厚哲学思想、道德观念及养生之道的综合体系。中华武术的发展历程，见证了中华民族的历史变迁，承载着民族精神与文化自信。 Origin and Evolution: 起源与演变 Chinese martial arts trace their origins back to ancient times when early humans gradually developed basic combat skills for survival. During the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties, martial arts began to integrate with military training, forming an initial system of martial skills. In the Qin and Han dynasties, as weapons evolved and warfare changed, martial arts gradually diversified into two major categories: unarmed combat techniques, known as boxing, and weapon-based techniques. During the Tang and Song dynasties, martial arts experienced rapid development with the establishment of various schools such as Shaolin and Wudang, each with its unique martial arts style and theoretical system. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, martial arts became more popular with the rise of martial arts schools and escort agencies, permeating into people's daily lives. It also integrated with traditional Chinese medicine theories and Taoist health concepts, forming the division between internal and external styles. 中华武术的起源可追溯至远古时期，原始人类在生存斗争中逐渐发展出简单的攻防技能。到了夏商周时代，武术开始与军事训练相结合，形成了初步的武技体系。秦汉以后，随着兵器的发展和战争形态的变化，武术逐渐分化为徒手格斗的拳术和使用兵器的器械术两大类。唐宋时期，武术进入快速发展阶段，许多流派相继创立，如少林、武当等，它们各自形成了独特的武术风格和理论体系。明清两代，武术进一步普及，民间武馆、镖局兴起，武术开始向民众生活渗透，并与中医理论、道家养生理念相融合，形成了内家外家之分。 Spiritual Essence: The core spirit of Chinese martial arts is "Wude," which emphasizes "stopping violence with martial arts" and highlights that the highest realm of martial arts lies in peace rather than violence. It advocates traditional virtues of "benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, and trustworthiness," emphasizing that practitioners should possess noble character and a strong sense of social responsibility. Additionally, martial arts emphasize the concept of "combining firmness with flexibility" and "seeking stillness within movement," embodying the philosophy of unity between humans and nature and pursuing harmony between body and mind. 武术的精神内涵 中华武术的核心精神是“武德”，强调“止戈为武”，即武术的最高境界在于和平而非暴力。它倡导“仁、义、礼、智、信”的传统美德，强调习武之人应具备高尚的品德和强烈的社会责任感。此外，武术还讲究“刚柔并济”、“动中求静”，体现天人合一的哲学思想，追求身心的和谐统一。 Technical Systems and Schools: Chinese martial arts encompass a rich variety of techniques, including boxing, weapons, sparring, forms, and free combat. Boxing includes internal styles like Tai Chi, Xing Yi, and Bagua, as well as external styles like Hung Gar, Wing Chun, and Shaolin. Weapons include knives, spears, swords, staffs, and each weapon has its unique techniques and practical applications. There are numerous martial arts schools, such as the powerful and vigorous Shaolin, the gentle and nimble Wudang, and the versatile Emei, each with its distinctive characteristics, creating a diverse landscape. 技术体系与流派 中华武术的技术体系极为丰富，包括拳术、器械、对练、套路、散打等多种形式。拳术有太极拳、形意拳、八卦掌等内家拳法，以及洪拳、咏春拳、少林拳等外家拳种；器械则包含刀、枪、剑、棍等，每种武器都有其独特技法和实战应用。武术流派众多，如少林派的刚猛有力、武当派的柔和轻灵、峨眉派的灵活多变等，各具特色，百花齐放。 Modern Inheritance and Development: In modern society, Chinese martial arts are not only promoted as a sport but also recognized as intangible cultural heritage, receiving protection and inheritance. International martial arts competitions have increased awareness and participation in martial arts worldwide. Additionally, popular martial arts movies and TV dramas such as "Shaolin Temple" and the "Ip Man" series have greatly enhanced the influence of Chinese martial arts globally, enabling Chinese martial arts to spread worldwide and serve as an important medium for cross-cultural exchanges. 武术的现代传承与发展 进入现代社会，中华武术不仅作为一项体育运动得到推广，还被列为非物质文化遗产，受到保护与传承。国际武术比赛的举办，让更多人认识并参与到武术运动中来。同时，武术电影和电视剧的流行，如《少林寺》、《叶问》系列等，极大地提升了武术在全球范围内的影响力，使得中华武术文化走向世界，成为跨文化交流的重要媒介。 Health Benefits of Martial Arts: Chinese martial arts also emphasize the cultivation of internal and external aspects. The practice not only enhances physical fitness and self-defense capabilities but also focuses on nurturing the mind and promoting overall well-being. Internal martial arts like Tai Chi and Ba Duan Jin are regarded as effective methods for health preservation, providing significant benefits such as improving blood circulation, regulating the respiratory system, and enhancing immune function. 武术的养生功能 中华武术还强调内外兼修，其修炼过程不仅增强体质，提高防身自卫能力，更注重调养心性，促进身心健康。太极拳、八段锦等内家拳法，被视为养生保健的有效方式，对于改善血液循环、调节呼吸系统、增强免疫功能等方面具有显著效果。 In summary, Chinese martial arts, as a cultural treasure of the Chinese nation, not only showcase China's long history and cultural accumulation but also demonstrate the wisdom and creativity of the Chinese people. In the new era, Chinese martial arts continue to flourish with a new outlook, serving as a bridge that connects the past and the future, and facilitates cultural exchanges between China and the world. 综上所述，中华武术作为中华民族的文化瑰宝，不仅展现了中国悠久的历史与文化积淀，也体现了中华民族的智慧与创造力。它在新时代下，正以新的面貌继续发扬光大，成为连接过去与未来，沟通中国与世界的桥梁。 第二部分 时文阅读 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Known as kung fu in the West, Chinese martial arts come in many forms. From aunties in the park to Shaolin monks (和尚), everyone is, in fact, practicing kung fu. Tai chi Tai chi, or Taijiquan as it is more commonly known, is perhaps more connected with aunties in the park than with powerful martial artists. But tai chi is practiced for both its health benefits and as defense training. Tai chi features its slow movements. Meeting brute force (蛮劲) with brute force is sure to leave both sides injured. Meeting brute force with softness, however, allows the incoming force to exhaust itself so it can more easily be redirected. Wing Chun Like tai chi, Wing Chun is based on a philosophy of overcoming hardness by softness. Relaxation and calmness are central to Wing Chun’s fighting style. Wing Chun’s two most famous practitioners were Yip Man and his pupil, Bruce Lee. Bajiquan Bajiquan, meaning eight extreme fists, is much more forceful in style than tai chi or Wing Chun. It features explosive, short-range motions and is famous for its elbow and shoulder strikes. The first practitioner clearly identified in history was a man named Wu Zhong. Sanda Sanda, also known as Sanshou, is a mixture of traditional kung fu and modern combat practices. Sanda is believed to have originated from ancient Chinese Lei Tai fights. As part of the development of martial arts sports by the Chinese government, a standard curriculum (课程) for Sanda has been developed. 1．What do tai chi and Wing Chun have in common? A．They have many ageing fans. B．They rely on soft movements. C．They belong to defense training. D．They are famous for their practitioners. 2．What is the characteristic of Bajiquan? A．Its long history. B．Its explosive motions. C．Its violent strikes. D．Its extreme requirements. 3．What did Sanda develop from? A．Lei Tai fights. B．A standard curriculum. C．Traditional practices. D．A philosophic thought. B A perfect performance of Chinese Shaolin Kung Fu amazed hundreds of audiences in Bowers Museum in US Southern California on Sunday. This Kung Fu demonstration by Shaolin monks (僧人) was a highlight of the 2023 Shaolin Cultural Day, a rare cultural event for the Orange County community in Southern California. “The event offers a unique opportunity for the Orange County community to actively engage with Shaolin culture and gain firsthand experience in various Shaolin activities,” said Anne Shih, chairwoman of the Board of Governors of Bowers Museum. “Whether it’s learning from Kung Fu masters or enjoying interactive Shaolin activities, these experiences will help audiences to experience the Chinese culture and better understand Chinese traditions,” Shih said. With a history of over 1, 500 years, Shaolin Kung Fu is one of China’s most treasured cultural heritage items, and has been practiced by Kung Fu lovers around the world. Larry Lee, a 72-year-old resident of Orange County, said he has been practicing Kung Fu for over 50 years. “The traditional Chinese martial arts have deep intelligence in it. They relate to a way of life that goes much deeper than just fighting.” Lee said besides Kung Fu, he is also interested in Chinese medicine and other elements of the Chinese culture. The 2023 Shaolin Cultural Day served as a fitting finale (场) to the 2023 Asian American Pacific Islander (AAPI) Heritage Month, providing a platform to honor and appreciate the contributions of the AAPI community. “The event will help people of other communities to be better informed about China and the Chinese culture, and therefore developing understanding and friendship,” said Cultural Counselor (参赞) of the Chinese Consulate General in Los Angeles Wang Taiyu. “We hope through such activities, we can promote friendship between Chinese and American peoples, and contribute to China-US relations.” he said. 4．What can we infer about Shaolin Kung Fu from paragraphs 1 and 2? A．It was performed on a school’s playground. B．Orange County didn’t enjoy it often. C．Its performance lasted two weeks. D．Its attracted vistiors all over the world. 5．According to Anne Shih, what benefits does the event bring? A．Helping Southern Californians learn Chinese quickly. B．Helping audiences become Kung Fu masters through practice. C．Helping audiences have a better knowledge of Chinese traditions. D．Helping Orange County attract more Kung Fu lovers around the world. 6．How does Larry Lee think of Chinese martial arts? A．They include wisdom in them. B．They focus mainly on fighting. C．They represent Chinese culture and history. D．They inspire you to be expert at Chinese medicine. 7．Why is the event held in Wang Taiyu’s opinion? A．To stress the importance of communities. B．To advise how to understand each other. C．To compare different cultures. D．To build up better friendships. 第三部分 话题语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Passage 1 One person with great strength can defeat ten 8 are skilled, but he needs to use tricks to win wisely. This is the essential message of Huaquan Fist. Great strength leads to explosive force. Wang Yuanxiang was born 9 a martial arts family in Cangzhou City, Hebei Province. All his family members 10 (practice) and teaching Huaquan Fist since the Qing Dynasty. He is one of 11 fifth-generation inheritors(继承人) of Huaquan Fist. In his opinion, martial arts are a kind of culture. All kungfu schools should unite and inherit Chinese martial arts 12 (joint) . 13 (achieve) his wish, Wang has kept practicing and reviewing fist formulas for decades. With many years of practice, he has had his skills 14 (perfect) . What’s more, he has had a 15 (system) understanding of the fist. There are four different styles of the fist, with less jumping but more hand 16 (position) . Feet are also used. There are many kinds of steps, like swooping, rounding, leaping and skipping. Wang believes that 17 the reason for learning martial arts is, one must stick to the virtues (美德) and use the genre correctly. Passage 2 Chinese kung fu, also 18 (refer) to as martial arts, has developed over a long historical period in China. Nowadays, it 19 (regard）as a traditional sport gaining more and more 20 (popular) and even stands as a representative for Chinese culture. The styles, including Shaolin, t’ai chi and Qigong, have many followers worldwide. This traditional heritage has much influence 21 the locals’ lifestyle. Kung fu advocates virtue and peace, not aggression or violence, 22 has been the common value held by martial artists from generation to generation. Though kung fu keeps its 23 (origin) function of self-defense, its value in body-building and fitness is also 24 (high) appreciated. In recent years, learning Chinese martial arts has been more and more popular among people of different ages and nationalities. Therefore, many kung fu training centers or clubs 25 (establish) recently. A strong will and persistence (坚持) is 26 must to learn Chinese kung fu, One should follow a master or join a training school to learn systematically. The basic skills of legs, waist and shoulders need 27 (train) regularly. 第四部分 话题写作 假定你是学生会主席李华，学校将在下周末邀请体校的李老师给你校的国际生开一场有关中国武术的讲座。请你用英语拟一份书面通知，内容包括： 1. 讲座的时间、地点、目的； 2. 讲座的内容及相关事宜等。 参考词汇：体校 sports school    中国武术Chinese martial arts／Chinese Kungfu 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Notice ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Students’ Union 参考答案： 时文阅读 1．B 2．B 3．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的代表性武术形式：太极，咏春，八极拳和散打。 1．细节理解题。根据文章“Wing Chun”部分内容“Like tai chi, Wing Chun is based on a philosophy of overcoming hardness by softness.(和太极一样，咏春拳也是基于一种以柔克刚的哲学。)”可知，太极和咏春的共同之处在于都是基于以柔克刚的哲学，即它们的动作都很柔和。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章“Bajiquan”部分内容“It features explosive, short-range motions and is famous for its elbow and shoulder strikes.(它的特点是爆发性的短距离动作，并以肘部和肩部撞击而闻名。)”可知，八极拳的特点是爆发性的短距离动作。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据文章“Sanda”部分内容“Sanda is believed to have originated from ancient Chinese Lei Tai fights.(散打被认为起源于中国古代的擂台格斗。)”可知，散打来源于中国古代的擂台格斗。故选A项。 4．B 5．C 6．A 7．D 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。少林功夫代表了中国文化和历史的优良传统，它是中华文明的精髓。日前，一场令人惊叹的中国少林功夫表演，让数百名观众在美国南加州的鲍尔斯博物馆惊叹不已。 4．细节理解题。根据第二段“This Kung Fu demonstration by Shaolin monks (僧人) was a highlight of the 2023 Shaolin Cultural Day, a rare cultural event for the Orange County community in Southern California.(少林寺僧侣的这次功夫演示是2023年少林文化日的亮点，这是南加州奥兰治县社区罕见的文化活动。)”可知，这场少林武僧的功夫表演是2023年少林文化节的亮点，这是南加州橘郡社区罕见的文化盛会，据此可知，此类武术表演不常见，故选B项。 5．细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Whether it’s learning from Kung Fu masters or enjoying interactive Shaolin activities, these experiences will help audiences to experience the Chinese culture and better understand Chinese traditions (无论是向功夫大师学习，还是享受少林的互动活动，这些体验都将帮助观众体验中国文化，更好地了解中国传统。)”可知，这个活动有益于帮助观众更好地了解中国传统，故选C项。 6．细节理解题。根据第五段第二句 “The traditional Chinese martial arts have deep intelligence in it(中国传统武术有着深厚的智慧)”可知，Larry Lee认为，中国传统武术蕴含着深厚的智慧，故选A项。 7．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“We hope through such activities, we can promote friendship between Chinese and American peoples , and contribute to China-US relations(我们希望通过这些活动，增进中美两国人民的友谊，为中美关系作出贡献)”可知，王太钰认为通过这些活动可以促进中美两国人民的友谊，故选D项。 话题语法填空 8．who/that 9．into 10．have been practicing/have been practising 11．the 12．jointly 13．To achieve 14．perfected 15．systematic 16．positions 17．whatever 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要讲述了华拳的传承和内涵。文章中提到的王元祥是华拳第五代传人，他强调无论学习武术的目的是什么，都必须坚持武德，正确使用武术。 8．考查定语从句。句意：一个力量巨大的人可以战胜十个技艺高超的人，但他需要运用智慧的计策来赢得胜利。设空处引导的是限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，修饰先行词ten，表示十个人，故使用关系代词that或者who。故填that或者who。 9．考查介词。句意：王元祥出生于河北省沧州市一个武术世家。句中be born into为固定短语，意为“生于……样的家庭”。故填into。 10．考查动词时态。句意：他所有的家人从清朝开始就一直在练习和教授华拳。句中since the Qing Dynasty为现在完成时的时间标志，同时根据后文的teaching可知，此处应该使用现在完成进行时构成并列，表示动作发生在过去持续发生到现在，未来有可能继续发生。故填have been practising或者have been practicing。 11．考查冠词。句意：他是华拳第五代传人之一。序数词前面要加定冠词the。故填the。 12．考查副词。句意：各功夫流派要团结一致，共同传承中国武术。设空处使用副词作状语，意为“联合地，共同地”。故填jointly。 13．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了实现他的愿望，王几十年来一直在练习和复习拳法公式。设空处使用不定式结构作目的状语，表示“为了实现愿望”。同时，该空置于句首，开头单词首字母大写。故填To achieve。 14．考查非谓语动词。句意：经过多年的练习，他的技术已日臻完善。句中have sth done为固定结构，此处his skills与perfect之间是被动关系，故使用过去分词作宾补结构。故填perfected。 15．考查形容词。句意：更重要的是，他对拳法有了系统的认识。设空处使用system的形容词systematic作定语，修饰名词，意为“系统性的”。故填systematic。 16．考查名词。句意：有四种不同风格的拳法，较少跳跃，但更多的手部位置。设空处使用名词作宾语，此处表示复数意义。故填positions。 17．考查状语从句。句意：王认为，无论学习武术的原因是什么，都必须坚持美德，正确使用武术流派。设空处引导的是让步状语从句，根据句意，表示“无论什么”用whatever。故填whatever。 18．referred 19．is regarded 20．popularity 21．on/upon 22．which 23．original 24．highly 25．have been established 26．a 27．to be trained/training 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国武术的历史起源，发展以及现实意义。 18．考查过去分词。句意：中国功夫，也叫武术，在中国发展了很长的历史时期。这里需要一个过去分词作定语，refer与前面的名词Chinese kung fu构成被动关系，用过去分词形式，be referred to as...表示“被称为……”。故填referred。 19．考查时态和语态。句意：如今，它作为一项传统运动，越来越受欢迎，甚至成为中国文化的代表。根据 Nowadays可知,本句时态应为一般现在时，且regard与主语it构成被动关系，应用被动语态，主语it是单数，谓语动词用单数，故填is regarded。 20．考查名词。句意同上。根据该空前的 more and more 可知，此处要用名词形式popularity，在句中作 gaining的宾语。故填popularity。 21．考查介词。句意：这种传统遗产对当地人的生活方式有很大的影响。have an influence on/upon 是固定搭配，表示“对……有影响”。故填on/upon。 22．考查定语从句。句意：功夫崇尚美德与和平，不以侵略或暴力为主，这是世世代代武术家所秉持的共同价值观。此处是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的句子，从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词 which。故填which。 23．考查形容词。句意：虽然功夫保留了其最初的自卫功能，但它在健美和健身方面的价值也受到高度赞赏。此处应用形容词original 修饰后面的名词function。故填original。 24．考查副词。句意同上。此处应用副词highly 修饰动词appreciated，表示程度。故填highly。 25．考查时态和语态。句意：因此，最近许多功夫训练中心或俱乐部被建立。根据recently 可知，本句时态应为现在完成时，且establish 与主语 centers or clubs构成被动关系，应用被动语态。故填have been established。 26．考查冠词。句意：坚强的意志和毅力是学习中国功夫的一个必要条件，应该跟随师傅或参加培训学校系统地学习。must在此作可数名词，表示“必须做的事”，因此应用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 27．考查非谓语动词。句意：腿部、腰部和肩部的基本技能需要训练。need to be done/need doing 表示“需要被……”，skill与train之间是被动关系，need后跟动名词表示被动，或者跟不定式的被动式表示被动。故填to be trained/training。 话题写作 28．Notice In order to promote Chinese culture, Mr. Li from the sports school will be invited to give a two-hour lecture on Chinese Kungfu for the international students in the school hall at 3:30 p.m. next Saturday. This lecture is meaningful and practical because you will learn about the origin, and development of Chinese Kungfu, as well as its benefits for health. If you are interested in the lecture, please enter the school hall early and keep quiet during the lecture. Students’ Union 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生用英语拟一份书面通知，通知学生参加学校在下周末邀请体校的李老师给国际生开的一场有关中国武术的讲座。 【详解】1.词汇积累 提升：promote→improve 邀请：invite→ask 有意义的：meaningful→significant 进入：enter→go into 2.句式拓展 同义句替换 原句：If you are interested in the lecture, please enter the school hall early and keep quiet during the lecture. 拓展句：If interested in the lecture, please enter the school hall early and keep quiet during the lecture. 【点睛】【高分句型1】In order to promote Chinese culture, Mr. Li from the sports school will be invited to give a two-hour lecture on Chinese Kungfu for the international students in our school hall at 3:30 p.m. next Saturday.(运用了非谓语动词不定式作状语) 【高分句型2】If you are interested in the lecture, please enter the school hall early and keep quiet during the lecture.(运用了if引导的条件状语从句) 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$