专题05 中国元素 中国四合院-2023-2024学年高中英语阅读写作素材之中国传统文化

高中英语阅读写作素材之中国传统文化 中国元素 中国四合院（素材+时文阅读+语法填空+话题写作） 第1部分 话题素材积累 The courtyard house, known as "Si he yuan" in Chinese, is a typical representation of traditional residential architecture in China. It embodies the wisdom of ancient Chinese construction and the essence of Confucian culture, serving as a microcosm of thousands of years of living civilization of the Chinese nation. It is not just a form of dwelling, but also a cultural symbol carrying profound historical memories and family ethics. 四合院是中国传统住宅建筑的典型代表，凝聚了中国古代建筑智慧与儒家文化精髓，是中华民族几千年居住文明的缩影。它不仅是一种居住形态，更是一种文化符号，承载着深厚的历史记忆和家族伦理观念。 Layout and Structure of the Courtyard House 四合院的布局与结构 As the name suggests, the courtyard house consists of four sides of buildings enclosing a central courtyard. Its basic layout involves facing north and south, with the main house located in the north, flanked by side rooms on the east and west, and additional rooms in the south, often used as guest rooms or storage spaces. The courtyard serves as the central space for family activities, offering ample sunlight, ventilation, and a private area for planting flowers, raising fish, and enjoying the scenery. 四合院，顾名思义，由四面房屋围合而成，中间形成一个封闭的庭院。它的基本格局是坐北朝南，北房、东西厢房和南房围绕着中庭布局，形成“口”字形或两个“口”字相连的“日”字形。北房通常为正房，供家中长辈居住，东西厢房则用于子女或仆人的住所，南房多作客房或杂物间。庭院作为家庭活动的中心，既便于采光通风，又利于家庭成员之间的交流，同时也是种植花草、养鱼赏景的私密空间。 Architectural Features and Decorative Art 建筑特色与装饰艺术 The architectural features of the courtyard house lie in its intricate wooden structure, roofs with upturned eaves, and exquisite carvings on doors and windows. The wooden structure, using mortise and tenon joints without the use of nails, demonstrates the exceptional craftsmanship of ancient artisans. The roofs are typically covered with gray tiles, and the ridges often feature decorative patterns symbolizing auspiciousness. The carvings on doors and windows showcase a combination of auspicious plants and animals as well as meaningful classical stories, making them not only visually appealing but also culturally meaningful. 四合院的建筑特色体现在其精巧的木构架结构、飞檐翘角的屋顶以及精致的门窗雕刻上。木构架采用榫卯结构，无需钉子，展现了古代匠人的高超技艺。屋顶多为灰瓦覆盖，屋脊上常有吉祥图案的装饰。门窗上雕刻的图案既有象征吉祥的动植物，也有寓意深远的古典故事，既美观又富有文化内涵。 Family Ethics and Social Order 家庭伦理与社会秩序 The layout of the courtyard house goes beyond mere comfort and reflects profound Confucian ethical principles. It exemplifies traditional Chinese family values, emphasizing respect for elders and the hierarchical order of family members. The prominent position of the main house signifies respect for the elders, while the shared courtyard promotes close relationships and mutual support among family members. The living style of the courtyard house is, in fact, a microcosm of the ideal of harmony, order, and unity in society. 四合院的布局不仅仅是为了居住的舒适，更蕴含了深厚的儒家伦理思想。它体现了中国传统的家庭观念，强调尊老爱幼、长幼有序的家庭秩序。北房的尊贵位置体现了对长辈的尊重，而全家人共居一院，促进了家族成员间的亲密关系和相互扶持。四合院的居住模式，实际上是对和谐、秩序、团结社会理想的微观体现。 Modern Value and Heritage 现代价值与传承 With the accelerated process of urbanization, many traditional courtyard houses are facing demolition or transformation. However, in recent years, an increasing number of people have recognized the historical value and cultural significance of the courtyard house, leading to increased attention and efforts in its protection and restoration. Some courtyard houses have been transformed into museums, art exhibition halls, or unique guesthouses, preserving their architectural charm and injecting new vitality. This not only contributes to the inheritance and promotion of China's outstanding traditional culture but also provides a tranquil sanctuary for modern people amidst the fast-paced urban life, allowing them to experience a sense of peace and harmony that transcends time and space. 随着城市化进程的加快，许多传统四合院面临拆毁或改造的命运。然而，近年来，越来越多的人开始意识到四合院的历史价值与文化意义，对它的保护与修复工作逐渐得到重视。一些四合院被改造成博物馆、艺术展览馆、特色民宿等，既保留了古建筑的风貌，又赋予了其新的生命力。这不仅有助于传承和弘扬中华优秀传统文化，也让现代人在快节奏的都市生活中，找到一处心灵的栖息地，感受那份穿越时空的宁静与和谐。 In summary, the courtyard house is not only a treasure of architectural art but also a living fossil of traditional Chinese culture. Through its unique architectural language and profound cultural heritage, it tells the stories of the Chinese nation's history, carrying warm memories of home and beautiful aspirations for future life. 总之，四合院不仅是建筑艺术的瑰宝，更是中国传统文化的活化石，它以其独特的建筑语言和深厚的文化底蕴，讲述着中华民族的历史故事，承载着人们对家的温暖记忆和对未来生活的美好憧憬。 第二部分 时文阅读 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A When people think of Beijing, the hutong style always comes to mind. It is no exaggeration (夸张) to say within hutong lives the city’s history. The word “hutong” referred to a place where people live, which was borrowed from the Mongolian word to mean “water well” about 700 years ago. Hutong we see today are made up of small paths formed by walls of siheyuan. They were built during the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. When the People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949, there were more than 3,000 hutong. Most of the city’s population lived in this traditional housing. But with the modernization of the city in the 1980s and early 1990s, many hutong were pulled down to build roads, skyscrapers and modern houses. The government has recognized the importance of hutong to Chinese cultural heritage. In 2002, Beijing listed 40 protected historical zones and increased its efforts to rebuild some key relics and older streets in the city. Nearly 500 hutong have survived. Hutong that still exist are like oases (绿洲) of calm in the noisy city. Walking through them, it’s common to see groups of elderly people sitting together playing cards, mahjong (麻将) or Chinese chess. In the early mornings and evenings, they gather to practice traditional forms of exercise such as Taijiquan as well as dancing and singing folk songs or Peking Opera. Hutong have become a museum of Beijing’s folk customs and history. 1．What is the purpose of paragraph 2? A．To add background information of hutong. B．To bring in the topic of the context. C．To stress the importance of hutong. D．To introduce the benefits of hutong. 2．What happened to hutong in Beijing in 2002? A．More hutong were built. B．Lots of hutong disappeared. C．Most hutong became historical zones. D．Some hutong were placed under protection. 3．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．The future of hutong. B．The change of hutong. C．The beauty of hutong life. D．The history of hutong life. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards Hutong protection? A．Negative. B．Unclear. C．Supportive. D．Doubtful. B Women over 45 are one of the fastest-growing groups of people who are homeless in Australia. In 2020, an estimated 405,000 women over 45 were at risk of housing affordability stress and hence becoming homeless. Considering the shortage of affordable housing, an ageing population and the lifelong economic disadvantage that women experience, this problem requires a speedy solution. A simple solution for older women facing homelessness is to provide them with access to appropriate, safe and affordable homes for the long term. So why is this problem so difficult to solve? Recent attempts provide good short-term choices. But they do not create long-term housing that meets older women's needs to age in place and have a sense of belonging and safety. All these aspects are important for their well-being. Chinese courtyard housing — siheyuan — has some important principles that could be culturally adapted to the Australian background. The name “siheyuan” translates into quadrangle (四方院子) courtyard housing. This type of housing comes from traditional Confucian ideas of the extended family unit, arranged around a courtyard or series of courtyards with graduated levels of privacy. The interesting thing about the siheyuan arrangement is the highly ordered series of rooms with private units organized around open spaces and halls for gatherings. The order of the siheyuan presents a great opportunity for adapting it to suit the needs of older women. It’s a type of co-housing arrangement. People live independently but together, sharing some facilities (设施) like open space and areas to come together for occasional meals. This model could form part of the rise in shared housing. The courtyards meet the needs of older women to maintain a strong connection to a garden space. The courtyards promote social contact and exercise., as well as space for quiet contemplation (沉思). The hall serves as a social connector. It’s a place for activities, connecting with family or friends, creative projects or listening. The private units ensure the independence, safety and sense of belonging that older women need. Cultural and social needs are met easily within one’s personal space. 5．What problem will Australia meet? A．There aren’t enough houses. B．There're too many homeless people. C．More and more senior women are homeless. D．Australians spend money too quickly. 6．What does the underlined word “they” refer to in the second paragraph? A．The attempts to help the old women. B．The problems the old women meet. C．The houses built for the old women. D．The requirements to have a sense of belonging. 7．What is the benefit of siheyuan? A．It provides small rooms. B．It is full of Chinese philosophy. C．It can make people live longer. D．It connects sharing and privacy. 8．Where can old women connect with friends according to the last paragraph? A．The hall. B．The courtyards. C．The private units. D．The garden space. 第三部分 话题语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Passage 1 Walking in the hutongs (alleyways) of Beijing, if you see a residential compound (建筑群) with a courtyard enclosed by the surrounding houses and walls on the four sides, 9 is called a “Siheyuan” (quadrangle dwellings) . The size of a Siheyuan was affected by the 10 (household) social status, which was reflected in the gate as well. Some gates were painted red, while others had door nails, 11 decorated with stone blocks and brass ring door knockers. Facing inward toward the courtyard, the surrounding houses are mostly occupied by different members of a large family. The senior members usually live in the main house 12 the north, which has good lighting and temperature all year round, while the younger generations would live in other wings by 13 (senior). The whole Siheyuan forms a self-contained environment for the family, creating a 14 (harmony) atmosphere. Influenced by urbanization and social changes, some courtyard houses 15   (pull) down, Siheyuan becomes a precious memory of the old Beijing city. And those courtyard houses preserved are often endowed with modern features. The houses 16 (maintain) the original layout, architects have renovated the house and added modern living equipment 17 (adapt) the traditional buildings for contemporary uses. The design of the residential area of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Village was inspired by Siheyuan. The 20 apartment buildings, arranged in a special way that create s enclosed and open spaces, 18 (surround) six courtyards, which shows a perfect integration of the Olympic culture and the traditional Beijing culture. Passage 2 Siheyuan is a special type of building found in China that represents the country’s rich traditions. These buildings 19 (exist) around for a very long time and are mainly located in the northern parts of China. Exploring a Siheyuan allows you 20 (step) back in time and experience the peace and history of ancient China. Siheyuan has 21 unique layout with a square courtyard in the middle, 22 (surround) by buildings on all four sides. This design provides privacy for the people living there and shows a balance 23 human-made structures and nature. The main entrance of a Siheyuan 24 (usual) faces south, and the most important rooms are positioned in the north. The courtyards are often decorated with beautiful gardens, plants, and fancy stone carvings, 25 show how much the Chinese appreciate nature and beauty. Beyond its physical form, Siheyuan represents the Chinese 26 (tradition) way of life and family values. In these buildings, extended families live together, 27 the courtyard becomes a gathering place for family members. This helps to strengthen family bonds and maintain connections between different 28 (generation). 第四部分 话题写作 假定你是李华，你的美国笔友Peter对央视一套推出的节目“经典咏流传”很感兴趣，请你用英语写一封电子邮件告知该节目已经结束，并邀请他来北京旅游，体验中国传统文化。 1. 活动安排（游览中国名胜；参观南锣古巷：四合院，美食；……）。 2. 推荐理由。 参考词汇：南锣古巷Nanluogu Lane四合院Siheyuan 注意：1.词数100左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 参考答案： 时文阅读 1．A 2．D 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了“胡同”的历史及现状。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“The word “hutong” referred to a place where people live, which was borrowed from the Mongolian word to mean “water well” about 700 years ago. Hutong we see today are made up of small paths formed by walls of siheyuan. They were built during the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties.(“胡同”一词指的是人们居住的地方，大约700年前，这个词是从蒙古语中借来的，意思是“水井”。我们今天看到的胡同是由四合院的城墙形成的小路组成的。它们建于元、明、清三朝)”可知，第二段主要介绍了一些胡同的背景信息。由此推知，本段的目的是增加胡同的背景信息。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In 2002, Beijing listed 40 protected historical zones and increased its efforts to rebuild some key relics and older streets in the city. Nearly 500 hutong have survived.(2002年，北京列出了40个历史保护区域，并加大了对一些重要文物和城市老街道的重建力度。近500条胡同幸存了下来)”可知，北京的一些胡同在2002年被列为保护对象。故选D。 3．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Hutong that still exist are like oases (绿洲) of calm in the noisy city. Walking through them, it’s common to see groups of elderly people sitting together playing cards, mahjong (麻将) or Chinese chess. In the early mornings and evenings, they gather to practice traditional forms of exercise such as Taijiquan as well as dancing and singing folk songs or Peking Opera. Hutong have become a museum of Beijing’s folk customs and history.(仍然存在的胡同就像喧嚣城市中的宁静绿洲。走在里面，经常能看到一群群老人坐在一起打牌、打麻将或下象棋。在清晨和傍晚，他们聚在一起练习传统的运动形式，如太极拳，以及舞蹈和唱民歌或京剧。胡同已经成为北京民俗和历史的博物馆)”可知，最后一段主要介绍了胡同里美丽的生活景象。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“It is no exaggeration (夸张) to say within hutong lives the city’s history.(毫不夸张地说，胡同里蕴藏着这座城市的历史)”，第四段中的“Nearly 500 hutong have survived.(近500条胡同幸存了下来)”和最后一段中的“Hutong that still exist are like oases (绿洲) of calm in the noisy city.(仍然存在的胡同就像喧嚣城市中的宁静绿洲)”及“Hutong have become a museum of Beijing’s folk customs and history.(胡同已经成为北京民俗和历史的博物馆)”可推知，作者对胡同保护持支持的态度。故选C。 5．C 6．A 7．D 8．A 【分析】本文为说明文。文章介绍了澳大利亚针对年老女性无家可归问题，提出的解决方案是采纳中国的四合院建筑。 【详解】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Women over 45 are one of the fastest-growing groups of people who are homeless in Australia. In 2020, an estimated 405,000 women over 45 were at risk of housing affordability stress and hence becoming homeless. Considering the shortage of affordable housing, an ageing population and the lifelong economic disadvantage that women experience, this problem requires a speedy solution.”(45岁以上的女性是澳大利亚无家可归人数增长最快的群体之一。2020年，估计有40.5万名45岁以上的女性面临住房负担能力压力，因此无家可归。考虑到经济适用房的短缺、人口老龄化和女性经历的终生经济劣势，这一问题需要迅速解决。)可知，澳大利亚将会面临越来越多的年老女性无家可归的问题，故选C。 2.指代猜测题。根据画线单词前面一句话“Recent attempts provide good short-term choices.”(最近的尝试提供了很好的短期选择。)可知，对无家可归的老年妇女来说，最近的尝试提供了很好的短期选择。结合指代关系和画线单词所在句子“But they do not create long-term housing that meets older women's needs to age in place and have a sense of belonging and safety.”(但是它们没有建造长期的住房来满足老年妇女在适当的地方养老以及有归属感和安全感的需要。)可知，虽然最近的尝试给无家可归的老年妇女提供了良好的短期选择，但是它们们没有建造长期的住房来满足老年妇女在适当的地方养老以及有归属感和安全感的需要，由此可知，划线单词“they”指代上文提到的最近这些帮助老年妇女的尝试，故选A。 3.细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句“This type of housing comes from traditional Confucian ideas of the extended family unit, arranged around a courtyard or series of courtyards with graduated levels of privacy.”(这种类型的住宅来自于传统的儒家思想，即扩展的家庭单元，围绕着一个庭院或一系列的庭院安排，具有渐进的隐私水平。)可知，这种类型的住宅来自传统的儒家思想，即扩展的家庭单元，围绕着一个或一系列的庭院布置，同时也有不同程度的隐私，即将共享和隐私结合起来，由此可知，四合院的好处是将隐私和共享结合起来，故选D。 4.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第三、四句“The hall serves as a social connector. It’s a place for activities, connecting with family or friends, creative projects or listening.”(大厅起到了社交连接点的作用。这是一个活动的地方，与家人或朋友联系，这是一个创造性的项目，亦或是人们互相倾听的地方。)可推知，这个大厅是一个社交连接点，它是一个活动的地方，让老年妇女能与朋友联系，故选A。 话题语法填空 9．it 10．household’s 11．both 12．on 13．seniority 14．harmonious 15．having been pulled 16．maintaining 17．to adapt 18．surround 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四合院的建筑特色以及历史。 9．考查代词。句意：走在北京的胡同里，如果你看到一个院子被周围的房子和四面的墙围起来的住宅，它被称为“四合院”。此处指代上文compound，作主语，应用代词it。故填it。 10．考查名词所有格。句意：四合院的大小受家庭社会地位的影响，这也反映在大门上。此处household 与后文status为所属关系，应用名词所有格形式。故填household’s。 11．考查代词。句意：一些大门被漆成红色，而另一些则有门钉，都用石块和黄铜环门环装饰。此处指前文提到的两类大门应用both。故填both。 12．考查介词。句意：年长的成员通常住在北侧的主屋，那里一年四季都有良好的采光和温度，而年轻的一代则按年长者住在其他两翼。短语on the north表示“位于北边”。故填on。 13．考查名词。句意：年长的成员通常住在北侧的主屋，那里一年四季都有良好的采光和温度，而年轻的一代则按年长者住在其他两翼。介词后跟名词seniority，作宾语。故填seniority。 14．考查形容词。句意：整个四合院形成了一个自给自足的家庭环境，营造出和谐的氛围。修饰名词atmosphere应用形容词harmonious。故填harmonious。 15．考查非谓语动词。句意：受城市化和社会变迁的影响，一些四合院被拆除，四合院成为老北京的一段珍贵记忆。此处为独立主格结构，且pull与courtyard houses构成被动关系，表示动作已经完成，应用having been done形式。故填having been pulled。 16．考查非谓语动词。句意：房屋保持了原有的布局，建筑师对房屋进行了翻新，并增加了现代生活设备，使传统建筑适应现代用途。分析句子结构可知maintain与逻辑主语houses构成主动关系，故用现在分词，故填maintaining。 17．考查非谓语动词。句意：房屋保持了原有的布局，建筑师对房屋进行了翻新，并增加了现代生活设备，使传统建筑适应现代用途。此处adapt在句中表目的，故为不定式。故填to adapt。 18．考查时态。句意：20栋公寓以特殊的方式排列，形成封闭和开放的空间，围绕六个庭院，展示了奥林匹克文化与传统北京文化的完美结合。此处缺主句谓语，又根据which从句中动词时态推断此处应为一般现在时，主语为buildings，谓语用原形。故填surround。 19．have existed 20．to step 21．a 22．surrounded 23．between 24．usually 25．which 26．traditional 27．and 28．generations 【导语】本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了四合院的布局及其所代表的的意义和价值。 19．考查时态。句意：这些建筑存在已久，主要位于中国北方地区。由for a very long time可知，句子描述从过去到现在建筑一直存在，应用现在完成时，主语是复数，助动词应用have，故填have existed。 20．考查非谓语动词。句意：探索四合院可以让你回到过去，体验中国古代的和平与历史。allow sb. to do sth.固定搭配，意为“允许某人做某事”，故填to step。 21．考查冠词。句意：四合院有一个独特的布局，中间是一个方形的庭院，四周都是建筑物。layout是可数名词，此处泛指一个独特的布局，应用不定冠词来修饰，且unique发音是以辅音音素开头，应用a，故填a。 22．考查非谓语动词。句意：四合院有一个独特的布局，中间是一个方形的庭院，四周都是建筑物。句中有谓语has，前后无连词，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，Siheyuan和动词surround是被动关系，应用过去分词形式作状语，故填surrounded。 23．考查固定搭配。句意：这种设计为居住在那里的人们提供了隐私，并展示了人造结构和自然之间的平衡。between..and固定搭配，意为“在……之间”，故填between。 24．考查副词。句意：四合院的主门通常朝南，最重要的房间位于北面。此处应用副词usually作状语，修饰动词faces，故填usually。 25．考查定语从句。句意：庭院里常常装饰着美丽的花园、植物和奇特的石雕，这表明了中国人是多么欣赏自然和美。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面这个句子，应用关系代词which引导定语从句，故填which。 26．考查形容词。句意： 除了物质形式，四合院还代表了中国传统的生活方式和家庭价值观。此处应用形容词traditional作定语，修饰名词way，故填traditional。 27．考查连词。句意：在这些建筑中，大家庭住在一起，庭院成为家庭成员聚集的地方。句子“大家庭住在一起”和句子“庭院成为家庭成员聚集的地方”是并列关系，应用连词and，故填and。 28．考查名词的数。句意：这有助于加强家庭纽带和维持不同代人之间的联系。由different可知，应用名词复数作between的宾语，故填generations。 话题写作 Dear Peter, How are you doing? I’m delighted to know you show great interest in the programme named Everlasting Classics. Sadly, it has come to an end. But I want to invite you to China for a visit, considering your passion for Chinese culture. I highly recommend you to pay a visit to the Great Wall and the Forbidden City, where you must be amazed at the great works of ancient Chinese people. Besides, you can take a walk along Nanluogu Lane to feel the architectural style of the old buildings like Siheyuan. Not only can you experience traditional Chinese culture, but also you can try all kinds of local foods on the way. Waiting for your coming. Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是李华，你的美国笔友Peter对央视一套推出的节目“经典咏流传”很感兴趣，请你用英语写一封电子邮件告知该节目已经结束，并邀请他来北京旅游，体验中国传统文化。 【详解】1.词汇积累 感兴趣：be interested in→show great interest in 建议：advise→recommend 高兴的：glad→delighted 各种各样的：various→all kinds of 2.句式拓展 合并简单句 原句：Sadly, it has come to an end. But I want to invite you to China for a visit, considering your passion for Chinese culture. 拓展句：Although it has come to an end, I want to invite you to China for a visit, considering your passion for Chinese culture. 【点睛】[高分句型1] I highly recommend you to pay a visit to the Great Wall and the Forbidden City, where you must be amazed at the great works of ancient Chinese people. (运用了where引导非限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] Not only can you experience traditional Chinese culture, but also you can try all kinds of local foods on the way. (运用了部分倒装) 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$