专题12：定语从句之关系代词用法（初高考点差异及衔接） -2024年初升高英语无忧衔接（上海专用）

专题12：定语从句之关系代词用法 （初高考点差异及衔接） 初中要求 初中阶段重点在于识别定语从句的基本结构，掌握基本的关系代词用法，who（人）、which（物）、that（人或物）。 高中要求 高中阶段，除了初中阶段的关系代词，高中还会学习 whose（表示所有格）、whom（指人，作宾语）、as等。掌握更复杂的定语从句结构，包括省略关系代词和分隔式定语从句的使用。 【初中考点聚焦】 1. 关系代词 "who"： · The girl who is standing over there is my sister.（站在那里的女孩是我的妹妹。） 2. 关系代词 "which"： · The book which I read last night was very interesting.（我昨晚读的那本书非常有趣。） 3. 关系代词 "that"： · The house that we bought last year is very spacious.（我们去年买的房子非常宽敞。） 【高中考点聚焦】 考纲解读 1. 使用关系代词 "whose"：表示所有格，用于指人或物。 · The man whose car was stolen is very upset.（他的车被偷了的那个男人非常不安。） 2. 使用关系代词 "whom"：用作宾语，指人。 · The scientist whom we invited will give us a lecture next week.（我们邀请的那位科学家下周将给我们做讲座。） 3. 关系代词的省略：在定语从句中，当关系代词作宾语时，可以省略。 · The book that I read is interesting.（我读的那本书很有趣。） · 省略后：The book I read is interesting. 4. 分隔式定语从句：定语从句不紧跟在先行词之后，而是被其他成分隔开。 · The book, which I read last week, is very interesting.（我上周读的那本书非常有趣。） 考点清单 ▇ 定义及相关术语 1． 什么叫定语从句？先行词、关系词？ 1.定语从句：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的句子。 2.特点：定语从句相当于形容词的作用，对前面的名词或代词进行修饰和限定。 3.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，称为先行词。可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。 4.关系词：引导定语从句的词称为关系词。关系词分为两类，即关系代词和关系副词。 5.关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose, as等； 6.关系副词有：when, where, why等 例1：This is the present which/that he gave me for my birthday. 例2：Do you know the man at the corner that/who came to the party last night? 例3：I still remember the night when I first came to the village? 例4：This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived. ▇ 提示： 关系词在定语从句中有三大作用 1.连接作用---连接先行词和定语从句。 2.替代作用---在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。 3.成分作用---在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。 指人 指物 that which whose who whom 二. 关系代词的功用？ ▇ 关系代词做主语，宾语，定语；关系副词作状语。 1. 作主语： The person who/that broke the window must pay for it. The cars which/that are produced in Hubei Province sell very well. 2. 作宾语： She is the person whom/that I met at the school gate yesterday. The book which/that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”. 3. 作定语 关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如： The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard. The house whose windows are broken is empty. 4. 作状语 I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing. He wanted to know the reason why I was late .　　 This is the house where I was born. 总结1： 1.定语从句：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的句子。 2.特点：定语从句相当于形容词的作用，对前面的名词或代词进行修饰和限定。 3.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，称为先行词。可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。 4.关系词：引导定语从句的词称为关系词。关系词分为两类，即关系代词和关系副词。 5.关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose, as等； 6. 关系副词有：when, where, why等 总结2： ▇ 关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who 指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。 2.whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略，在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替。 Li Ming is just the boy (whom) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。 3.which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。 This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。 4.that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。 He is the man that/who lives next door. 他就是住在隔壁的那个人。 Where is the man (that/whom) I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？ I don’t like stories that/which have unhappy endings. 我不喜欢结尾悲伤的故事。 The dress (that/which) Ann bought doesn’t fit her very well. 安买的衣服不太合身。 5.whose 指人、物皆可，与后面的名词有所属关系，在定语从句中做定语。 He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。 I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。 注意：指物时，常用以下结构来代替： The house whose windows are broken is empty. =The house the windows of which are broken is empty. =The house of which the windows are broken is empty. 注意：whose+n.=the+n.+of which=of which+the+n. 6.as 当先行词受so, such, the same 修饰时使用。 如： I’ve never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过像他讲的这样的故事。 He is not such a fool as he looks. 他可不像他看上去的那样傻。 This is the same dictionary as I lost last week. 这部词典跟我上星期丢失的一样。 注意：当先行词受the same 修饰时，偶尔也用 that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。 如： She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding. 她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。 She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore. 她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。 因此，the same...as... 指同一类或相似的事物 the same...that... 指同一个事物 ▇ 定语从句中只能用that 引导的情况 1.当先行词为all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, few, the one等词时。 Everything that he said was true. 2.当先行词被the very（恰恰，正好）, the only，any，few，little，no，all修饰时。 This is the very grammar book (that) I want to buy. The only thing that is constant is change. There was little that we could do to help her. 3.当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the best that has been used against pollution. This is the most interesting film that I've ever seen. 4.当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。 The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. What is the first American film that you have seen? 5.当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。（避免引导词的重复出现） Who that has common sense will believe such nonsense? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 6.当先行词既有人又有物时。 Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? 7.先行词在定语从句中做表语，而关系代词在从句中也做表语时。 She is no longer the sweet girl (that) she used to be. He is not the man (that) he seems. ▇ 定语从句中只能用which引导的情况 1.当关系代词的前面有介词时 A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition. Is this the room in which Mr. White lives? 2.在非限制性定语从句中 Crusoe’s dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died . More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming very popular in our country. 3.在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which.（了解即可） Let me show you the novel, which I borrowed from the library that was newly open to us. 4.当关系代词后面带有插入语时 Here’s the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English. 5.先行词本身是that, 宜用which What’s that which she is looking at? ▇ 定语从句中只能用who引导的情况 在定语从句中who和that指代人时常可以通用，但在下列情况中只能用who，而不能用that。 1.先行词是one, ones和anyone时，宜用who。 One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth. The ones who flatter me don’t please me. Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticized. 2.先行词是those时，宜用who。 No words are strong enough to express our thanks to those who worked hard to rescue survivors in the earthquake. 3.当先行词有较长的后置定语时，宜用who。 I met a girl in the street yesterday who grew up in western Yunnan province. 4.一个句子带有两个定语从句时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that, 另一个宜用who。 The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard. 5.在there be 开头的句子中，宜用who（指人）。指物时，也可以用that。 There is a young man who wants to see your father. There are many old men who are against this plan. There is a rule that should be obeyed. 注意事项： 1.定语从句是形容词性的，它用来修饰名词或代词； 2.掌握定语从句的分类（限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句）和引导词的特点（关系代词作成分、关系副词只能充当状语）及引导词的使用限定； 3.在选择引导词时，遵循三字原则（断：断句，划分好主句和从句；找：找准先行词；放：将引导词放入从句中，同时要看好从句是否缺少成分，再选择引导词的类别） 一、填入正确的引导词 1. I’m interested in all ______ you have said. 2. He talked a lot about things and persons _______ they remembered in the school. 3. This is one of the best films _______ have been shown this year. 4. Where is the man _______ I saw this morning? 5. He has a friend _______ father is a doctor. 6. The house _______ windows are broken is empty 7. A zoo is a park in _______ many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition. 8. The man with I shook hands just now is my daughter’s English teacher. 9. One _______ has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth. 10. She wore the same dress _______ her younger sister wore. 二、把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句： 1.The magazine is mine. He has taken it away. 2.The students will not pass the exam. They do not study hard. 3.The woman is our geography teacher. You saw her in the park.  4. Here is the girl. Her brother works in this shop. 5. I want to talk to the boys. Their homework haven't been handed in. 一、语法填空 1．The Internet has now become the first place the majority of people turn to for information. (用适当的词填空) 2．He used the donated fund and his own money to pay the 50 pounds per child the British government required. (用适当的词填空) 3．Mr. Stone is a great educator never stops inspiring his students and his fellow workers to be better individuals. (用适当的词填空) 4．Table read is not the only effective practice helps students improve their speaking. (用适当的词填空) 5．Lily told me everything she knew. (用适当的词填空) 6．The building we are looking at used to be a hospital. (用适当的词填空) 7．Wolves are highly social animals success depends upon cooperation. (用适当的词填空) 8．This is the reason he gave me for his being late. (用适当的词填空) 9．I will never forget the days I spent travelling with my grandparents. (用适当的词填空) 10．The nurse we talked about can speak English fluently. (用适当的词填空) 11．Someone is capable has the skill or qualities necessary to do a particular thing well. (用适当的词填空) 12．The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. (用适当的词填空) 13．I admired Mr. Smith from class I graduated. (用适当的词填空) 14．Happiness and success often come to those are good at recognizing their own strengths. (用适当的词填空) 15．The students are chatting about the books and writers will add to their favorites. (用适当的词填空) 二、完成句子 1．This is the film I’ve seen since I came to Huazhou. 这是我来化州后看的第一部电影。 2．这就是那位全国知名的科学家。 This is the scientist _____________________________all over the country. (whose) 3．比尔说他在中国参观的第一个地方是故宫博物院。 Bill said that _____________________________ was the Palace Museum. 4．我永远不会忘记发生在我的童年里的那个意外事件，它给我留下了很深的印象。（that引导定语从句） Never will I forget the accident _____________________________, which left a deep impression on me. 5．我们学校有丰富多彩的旨在扩大我们视野的课外活动。 There are colorful after­class activities in our school________________________________________． 三、阅读理解 【上海市七宝中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】 With two locations, the Getty Villa in Malibu and the Getty Center in Los Angeles, the J. Paul Getty Museum serves a wide variety of audiences through its expanded range of exhibitions and programming in the visual arts. Parking information Parking is $15; $10 after 4:00 p.m. Pay once, park twice on the same day. And get same-day parking at both the Getty Center and the Getty Villa for one $15 fee. MORE information about visiting the Getty Center and the Getty Villa @The Getty Center See spectacular art and architecture at the top of Los Angeles. Admission is Free. Address:1200 Getty Center Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90049 Open Hours: Tuesday–Friday and Sunday 10:00 a.m.–5:30 p.m. Saturday 10:00 a.m.–9:00 p.m. Closed Mondays Open Mondays, December 21 and 28, 2020 Parking lot opens 9:30 a.m. Holiday closures: Thanksgiving, December 25 (Christmas Day), and January 1 Food & Drinks Lunch Tuesday–Saturday 11:30 a.m.–2:30 p.m. Dinner Saturday 5:00–9:00 p.m. Sunday Brunch Sunday 11:00 a.m.–3:00 p.m. Closed Mondays @ The Getty Villa Visit the ancient world of Greece and Rome. Admission is Free. An advance timed-entry ticket is required. Address 17985 Pacific Coast Highway, Pacific Palisades, CA 90272 Open Hours: Wednesday–Monday 10:00 a.m.–5:00 p.m. Closed Tuesdays Open Tuesdays, December 22nd and 29, 2020 Holiday closures: Thanksgiving, December 25 (Christmas Day), and January 1 Food & Drinks Cafe at the Getty Villa Monday and Wednesday–Friday 11:00 a.m. – 3:00 p.m. Saturday and Sunday 11:00 a.m.– 4:00 p.m. Closed Tuesdays No reservations are required for the Cafe. Menu selections are created seasonally. Wine and beer are also available. Picnic Box Lunches Enjoy your own boxed lunch and grab-and-go items at any of the Getty Villa’s public seating areas, including the Outdoor Classical Theater. 55．Mr. Larry drove to the Getty Center and the Getty Villa on December 23 (Wednesday), 2020, and enjoyed a wonderful tour there. He paid the parking fee _______ altogether. A．$10 B．$15 C．$20 D．$30 56．Which of the following statements is NOT true? A．The J. Paul Getty Museum is an art museum housed on two sites. B．The Getty Villa is closed on the same holidays as the Getty Center. C．The sale of alcohol is forbidden to people in the J. Paul Getty Museum. D．Timed tickets must be obtained in advance in the Getty Villa. 57．People who go to the Getty Villa may _______. A．enjoy the views overlooking Los Angeles B．conduct the visit any time because the tickets are free C．appreciate the arts and cultures of ancient Greece and ancient Rome D．have lunches they bring with them anywhere inside the exhibition area 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题12：定语从句之关系代词用法 （初高考点差异及衔接） 初中要求 初中阶段重点在于识别定语从句的基本结构，掌握基本的关系代词用法，who（人）、which（物）、that（人或物）。 高中要求 高中阶段，除了初中阶段的关系代词，高中还会学习 whose（表示所有格）、whom（指人，作宾语）、as等。掌握更复杂的定语从句结构，包括省略关系代词和分隔式定语从句的使用。 【初中考点聚焦】 1. 关系代词 "who"： · The girl who is standing over there is my sister.（站在那里的女孩是我的妹妹。） 2. 关系代词 "which"： · The book which I read last night was very interesting.（我昨晚读的那本书非常有趣。） 3. 关系代词 "that"： · The house that we bought last year is very spacious.（我们去年买的房子非常宽敞。） 【高中考点聚焦】 考纲解读 1. 使用关系代词 "whose"：表示所有格，用于指人或物。 · The man whose car was stolen is very upset.（他的车被偷了的那个男人非常不安。） 2. 使用关系代词 "whom"：用作宾语，指人。 · The scientist whom we invited will give us a lecture next week.（我们邀请的那位科学家下周将给我们做讲座。） 3. 关系代词的省略：在定语从句中，当关系代词作宾语时，可以省略。 · The book that I read is interesting.（我读的那本书很有趣。） · 省略后：The book I read is interesting. 4. 分隔式定语从句：定语从句不紧跟在先行词之后，而是被其他成分隔开。 · The book, which I read last week, is very interesting.（我上周读的那本书非常有趣。） 考点清单 ▇ 定义及相关术语 1． 什么叫定语从句？先行词、关系词？ 1.定语从句：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的句子。 2.特点：定语从句相当于形容词的作用，对前面的名词或代词进行修饰和限定。 3.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，称为先行词。可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。 4.关系词：引导定语从句的词称为关系词。关系词分为两类，即关系代词和关系副词。 5.关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose, as等； 6.关系副词有：when, where, why等 例1：This is the present which/that he gave me for my birthday. 例2：Do you know the man at the corner that/who came to the party last night? 例3：I still remember the night when I first came to the village? 例4：This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived. ▇ 提示： 关系词在定语从句中有三大作用 1.连接作用---连接先行词和定语从句。 2.替代作用---在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。 3.成分作用---在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。 指人 指物 that which whose who whom 二. 关系代词的功用？ ▇ 关系代词做主语，宾语，定语；关系副词作状语。 1. 作主语： The person who/that broke the window must pay for it. The cars which/that are produced in Hubei Province sell very well. 2. 作宾语： She is the person whom/that I met at the school gate yesterday. The book which/that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”. 3. 作定语 关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如： The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard. The house whose windows are broken is empty. 4. 作状语 I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing. He wanted to know the reason why I was late .　　 This is the house where I was born. He’s got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane. 总结1： 1.定语从句：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的句子。 2.特点：定语从句相当于形容词的作用，对前面的名词或代词进行修饰和限定。 3.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，称为先行词。可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。 4.关系词：引导定语从句的词称为关系词。关系词分为两类，即关系代词和关系副词。 5.关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose, as等； 6. 关系副词有：when, where, why等 总结2： ▇ 关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who 指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。 2.whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略，在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替。 Li Ming is just the boy (whom) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。 3.which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。 This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。 4.that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。 He is the man that/who lives next door. 他就是住在隔壁的那个人。 Where is the man (that/whom) I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？ I don’t like stories that/which have unhappy endings. 我不喜欢结尾悲伤的故事。 The dress (that/which) Ann bought doesn’t fit her very well. 安买的衣服不太合身。 5.whose 指人、物皆可，与后面的名词有所属关系，在定语从句中做定语。 He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。 I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。 注意：指物时，常用以下结构来代替： The house whose windows are broken is empty. =The house the windows of which are broken is empty. =The house of which the windows are broken is empty. 注意：whose+n.=the+n.+of which=of which+the+n. 6.as 当先行词受so, such, the same 修饰时使用。 如： I’ve never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过像他讲的这样的故事。 He is not such a fool as he looks. 他可不像他看上去的那样傻。 This is the same dictionary as I lost last week. 这部词典跟我上星期丢失的一样。 注意：当先行词受the same 修饰时，偶尔也用 that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。 如： She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding. 她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。 She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore. 她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。 因此，the same...as... 指同一类或相似的事物 the same...that... 指同一个事物 ▇ 定语从句中只能用that 引导的情况 1.当先行词为all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, few, the one等词时。 Everything that he said was true. 2.当先行词被the very（恰恰，正好）, the only，any，few，little，no，all修饰时。 This is the very grammar book (that) I want to buy. The only thing that is constant is change. There was little that we could do to help her. 3.当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the best that has been used against pollution. This is the most interesting film that I've ever seen. 4.当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。 The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. What is the first American film that you have seen? 5.当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。（避免引导词的重复出现） Who that has common sense will believe such nonsense? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 6.当先行词既有人又有物时。 Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? 7.先行词在定语从句中做表语，而关系代词在从句中也做表语时。 She is no longer the sweet girl (that) she used to be. He is not the man (that) he seems. ▇ 定语从句中只能用which引导的情况 1.当关系代词的前面有介词时 A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition. Is this the room in which Mr. White lives? 2.在非限制性定语从句中 Crusoe’s dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died . More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming very popular in our country. 3.在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which.（了解即可） Let me show you the novel, which I borrowed from the library that was newly open to us. 4.当关系代词后面带有插入语时 Here’s the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English. 5.先行词本身是that, 宜用which What’s that which she is looking at? ▇ 定语从句中只能用who引导的情况 在定语从句中who和that指代人时常可以通用，但在下列情况中只能用who，而不能用that。 1.先行词是one, ones和anyone时，宜用who。 One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth. The ones who flatter me don’t please me. Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticized. 2.先行词是those时，宜用who。 No words are strong enough to express our thanks to those who worked hard to rescue survivors in the earthquake. 3.当先行词有较长的后置定语时，宜用who。 I met a girl in the street yesterday who grew up in western Yunnan province. 4.一个句子带有两个定语从句时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that, 另一个宜用who。 The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard. 5.在there be 开头的句子中，宜用who（指人）。指物时，也可以用that。 There is a young man who wants to see your father. There are many old men who are against this plan. There is a rule that should be obeyed. 注意事项： 1.定语从句是形容词性的，它用来修饰名词或代词； 2.掌握定语从句的分类（限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句）和引导词的特点（关系代词作成分、关系副词只能充当状语）及引导词的使用限定； 3.在选择引导词时，遵循三字原则（断：断句，划分好主句和从句；找：找准先行词；放：将引导词放入从句中，同时要看好从句是否缺少成分，再选择引导词的类别） 一、填入正确的引导词 1. I’m interested in all ______ you have said. that 2. He talked a lot about things and persons _______ they remembered in the school. that 3. This is one of the best films _______ have been shown this year. that 4. Where is the man _______ I saw this morning? (that/whom) 5. He has a friend _______ father is a doctor. whose 6. The house _______ windows are broken is empty whose 7. A zoo is a park in _______ many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition. which 8. The man with I shook hands just now is my daughter’s English teacher. whom 9. One _______ has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth. who 10. She wore the same dress _______ her younger sister wore. as 二、把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句： 1.The magazine is mine. He has taken it away. 2.The students will not pass the exam. They do not study hard. 3.The woman is our geography teacher. You saw her in the park.  4. Here is the girl. Her brother works in this shop. 5. I want to talk to the boys. Their homework haven't been handed in. Keys: 1. The magazine (which/ that ) he has taken away is mine 2. The students who/ that do not study hard will not pass the exam 3. The woman (who / that / whom )you saw in the park is our geography teacher 4. Here is the girl whose brother works in this shop. 5. I want to talk to the boys whose homework haven't been handed in. 一、语法填空 1．The Internet has now become the first place the majority of people turn to for information. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：互联网现在已经成为大多数人获取信息的首选之地。空处引导定语从句，先行词是place，关系词在从句中作宾语，且先行词前有序数词修饰，应用关系代词that，故填that。 2．He used the donated fund and his own money to pay the 50 pounds per child the British government required. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他用捐赠的资金和自己的钱支付了英国政府要求的每个孩子50英镑。先行词为50 pounds ，作定语从句中required的宾语，关系代词为that或者which。故填that/which。 3．Mr. Stone is a great educator never stops inspiring his students and his fellow workers to be better individuals. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】who/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：斯通先生是一位伟大的教育家，他从不停止激励他的学生和同事成为更好的人。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是a great educator，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导。故填who或that。 4．Table read is not the only effective practice helps students improve their speaking. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：剧本朗读并不是帮助学生提高口语的唯一有效练习。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词practice，指物，在定语从句中作主语，并且先行词前面有the only修饰，需用关系代词that引导。故填that。 5．Lily told me everything she knew. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：莉莉把她知道的一些都告诉我了。限制性定语从句修饰先行词everything，先行词在从句作宾语，指物，且为不定代词，只能用that作引导词。故填that。 6．The building we are looking at used to be a hospital. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们正在看的这幢楼曾经是一家医院。分析句子，设空处引导定语从句，关系词替代先行词在从句中作宾语，修饰先行词the building，为物。故填that/which。 7．Wolves are highly social animals success depends upon cooperation. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：狼是高度群居的动物，它们的成功依赖于合作。空处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是Wolves，关系词在从句中作定语，和success之间是所属关系，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 8．This is the reason he gave me for his being late. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这就是他给我的他迟到的理由。空处引导定语从句，先行词the reason，指物，在定语从句中作宾语，需用关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。 9．I will never forget the days I spent travelling with my grandparents. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我永远不会忘记我和祖父母一起旅行的日子。此处限制性定语从句引导词，先行词是the days，定语从句缺少宾语，应使用关系代词which/that。故填which/that。 10．The nurse we talked about can speak English fluently. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that/who/whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们谈论的那个护士英语说得很流利。分析句子结构可知，空格处为定语从句的连接词，且在从句中作宾语，先行词为人，所以可以用that，who或者whom。故答案为that或者who或者whom。 11．Someone is capable has the skill or qualities necessary to do a particular thing well. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：有能力的人有做好某件事所必需的技能或品质。定语从句修饰someone，在从句作主语，指人，故填who。 12．The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that/in which/不填 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：为避免惹恼你的同伴，你使用筷子的方式很重要。定语从句修饰先行词way，在从句作状语，应用that/in which或不填，故填that/in which/不填。 13．I admired Mr. Smith from class I graduated. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我很钦佩史密斯先生，我毕业于他那个班。分析句子可知，空处引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词Mr. Smith，先行词指人，在从句中作定语，和class之间是所属关系，应用关系代词whose作引导词。故填whose。 14．Happiness and success often come to those are good at recognizing their own strengths. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：幸福和成功往往属于那些善于认识自身优势的人。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限定性定语从句，“those”是先行词，指代“那些人”，关系词在后面的定语从句中作主语，所以使用关系代词who引导该从句。故填who。 15．The students are chatting about the books and writers will add to their favorites. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：学生们正在讨论他们最喜欢的书和作家。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是the books and writers，在从句中作主语，当先行词既有人又有物时，用that引导定语从句。故填that。 二、完成句子 1．This is the film I’ve seen since I came to Huazhou. 这是我来化州后看的第一部电影。 【答案】 first that 【详解】考查数词和定语从句。根据中英文提示，“第一”用序数词first；句中先行词为film，且被序数词修饰 ，在定语从句中作宾语，所以用关系代词that引导。故填①the ②that。 2．这就是那位全国知名的科学家。 This is the scientist _____________________________all over the country. (whose) 【答案】whose name is known 【详解】考查定语从句。分析句子结构，此处应为关系词whose引导的定语从句修饰先行词scientist，表示“全国知名的科学家”可转述为“科学家的名字被全国所知”，所以从句的主语应为“名字”name，与先行词the scientist之间为所属关系，所以使用whose引导定语从句；表示“知道”应为know，与name之间为被动关系，结合句意以及主句的谓语动词is可知，此处讲述的是客观事实，所以使用一般现在时的被动语态，主语name为第三人称单数，所以从句的谓语动词为is known。故填whose name is known。 3．比尔说他在中国参观的第一个地方是故宫博物院。 Bill said that _____________________________ was the Palace Museum. 【答案】the first place that he visited in China 【详解】考查定语从句。根据句意，表示“第一个地方”应为the first place作宾语从句的主语，表示“他在中国参观的”应为定语从句修饰先行词the first place；分析句意可知，关系词在从句中作宾语，所以使用关系代词引导定语从句，先行词被序数词修饰，所以此处使用关系代词that，表示“他”应为he作定语从句的主语，表示“参观”应为visit作定语从句的谓语，根据谓语动词was可知，该句描述的是过去的事情，所以此处使用一般过去时，所以定语从句的谓语动词应为visited，表示“在中国”应为in China，所以定语从句应译为that he visited in China。故填the first place that he visited in China。 4．我永远不会忘记发生在我的童年里的那个意外事件，它给我留下了很深的印象。（that引导定语从句） Never will I forget the accident _____________________________, which left a deep impression on me. 【答案】that happened in my childhood 【详解】考查定语从句。根据句意和提示可知，此处应为that引导的定语从句，表示“发生”应为happen，表示“在我的童年里”应为in my childhood，所以，从句谓语动词应为一般过去时，即谓语动词为happened，分析句子结构可知，先行词the accident在从句中作主语，所以此处使用关系代词that引导定语从句。故填that happened in my childhood。 5．我们学校有丰富多彩的旨在扩大我们视野的课外活动。 There are colorful after­class activities in our school________________________________________． 【答案】that/which are designed/aimed to broaden our horizons 【详解】考查定语从句。该空缺少的是定语部分“旨在扩大我们视野的”修饰先行词activities，应使用关系代词that或which作从句主语，谓语部分使用be designed/aimed to；“扩大我们视野”使用动词短语 broaden our horizons。根据主句时态及句意判断从句也应使用一般现在时。故填that/which are designed to broaden our horizons。 三、阅读理解 【上海市七宝中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】 With two locations, the Getty Villa in Malibu and the Getty Center in Los Angeles, the J. Paul Getty Museum serves a wide variety of audiences through its expanded range of exhibitions and programming in the visual arts. Parking information Parking is $15; $10 after 4:00 p.m. Pay once, park twice on the same day. And get same-day parking at both the Getty Center and the Getty Villa for one $15 fee. MORE information about visiting the Getty Center and the Getty Villa @The Getty Center See spectacular art and architecture at the top of Los Angeles. Admission is Free. Address:1200 Getty Center Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90049 Open Hours: Tuesday–Friday and Sunday 10:00 a.m.–5:30 p.m. Saturday 10:00 a.m.–9:00 p.m. Closed Mondays Open Mondays, December 21 and 28, 2020 Parking lot opens 9:30 a.m. Holiday closures: Thanksgiving, December 25 (Christmas Day), and January 1 Food & Drinks Lunch Tuesday–Saturday 11:30 a.m.–2:30 p.m. Dinner Saturday 5:00–9:00 p.m. Sunday Brunch Sunday 11:00 a.m.–3:00 p.m. Closed Mondays @ The Getty Villa Visit the ancient world of Greece and Rome. Admission is Free. An advance timed-entry ticket is required. Address 17985 Pacific Coast Highway, Pacific Palisades, CA 90272 Open Hours: Wednesday–Monday 10:00 a.m.–5:00 p.m. Closed Tuesdays Open Tuesdays, December 22nd and 29, 2020 Holiday closures: Thanksgiving, December 25 (Christmas Day), and January 1 Food & Drinks Cafe at the Getty Villa Monday and Wednesday–Friday 11:00 a.m. – 3:00 p.m. Saturday and Sunday 11:00 a.m.– 4:00 p.m. Closed Tuesdays No reservations are required for the Cafe. Menu selections are created seasonally. Wine and beer are also available. Picnic Box Lunches Enjoy your own boxed lunch and grab-and-go items at any of the Getty Villa’s public seating areas, including the Outdoor Classical Theater. 55．Mr. Larry drove to the Getty Center and the Getty Villa on December 23 (Wednesday), 2020, and enjoyed a wonderful tour there. He paid the parking fee _______ altogether. A．$10 B．$15 C．$20 D．$30 56．Which of the following statements is NOT true? A．The J. Paul Getty Museum is an art museum housed on two sites. B．The Getty Villa is closed on the same holidays as the Getty Center. C．The sale of alcohol is forbidden to people in the J. Paul Getty Museum. D．Timed tickets must be obtained in advance in the Getty Villa. 57．People who go to the Getty Villa may _______. A．enjoy the views overlooking Los Angeles B．conduct the visit any time because the tickets are free C．appreciate the arts and cultures of ancient Greece and ancient Rome D．have lunches they bring with them anywhere inside the exhibition area 【答案】55．B 56．C 57．C 【导语】本文为一篇应用文，主要介绍了参观the J. Paul Getty Museum的一些相关信息。 55．细节理解题。根据第二自然段中“And get same-day parking at both the Getty Center and the Getty Villa for one $15 fee（在盖蒂中心（Getty Center）和盖蒂别墅（Getty Villa），只需支付15美元，就可以在当天停车）”可知，需要支付15美元的停车费，故选B项。 56．细节理解题。结合表格中右面图片下“Closed Tuesdays”部分中“Wine and beer are also available（可提供葡萄酒和啤酒）”可知，可以携带酒水，C选项“The sale of alcohol is forbidden to people in the J. Paul Getty Museum（J.Paul Getty博物馆禁止向人们出售酒水）”与之不符，故选C项。 57．细节理解题。结合表格中“Visit the ancient world of Greece and Rome（参观古希腊和古罗马）”可知，C项“appreciate the arts and cultures of ancient Greece and ancient Rome（欣赏古希腊和古罗马的艺术和文化）”与之相符，故选C项。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$