语法填空（第二讲）导学案 -2025届高三上学期英语一复习专项

语法填空技巧-第二讲（无提示词） 趣味导入 近日，江苏常熟警方接到一餐饮店报警称店内20多块零钱被窃。民警________监控很快将嫌疑人陈某抓获。陈某交代，自己刚来苏州找工作，身上没钱了，当时准备偷100多元，但________其中80多个硬币太重了，就把硬币还回去了，只偷了约20元纸币。目前，陈某已被依法拘留。 题型概述 模块二：无提示词 一、定语从句 【考查形式】 1. 名词/代词+引导词+定从 2. 名词/代词+其他+引导词+定从（分隔式定从） 考点一：关系代词（that/which/who/whom/whose/as） 【用法】关系代词在定从中充当主宾表定四种成分。 例：I've become good friends with several of the students in my school who I met in the English speech contest last year. 我已与去年在英语演讲比赛中遇到的我校的几个学生成为了好朋友。 【例1-1】（**） Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths. 【练1-1】（**） I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise. 考点二：whose与which；whose与whom 【用法】指物时“whose＋名词”可用“the＋名词＋of which”或“of which＋the＋名词”来代替。指人时“whose ＋名词”可用“the＋名词＋of whom”或“of whom＋the＋名词”来替代。 例：This is the house whose window broke last night.＝This is the house, the window of which broke last night.＝This is the house, of which the window broke last night. 【例1-2】（***） （1）The house ________ windows face south is our reading-room. （2）The house of ________ the windows face south is our reading-room. 考点三：关系副词（when/where/why） 【用法】关系副词在从句充当状语。 例：Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment where they live. 【例1-3】（*） The reason ________ I don't trust him is that he often tells lies. 【例1-4】（**） He wrote a letter ________ he explained what had happened in the accident. 【例1-5】（***）（经典易错） （1）Remember that there is still one point ________ we must make clear at the conference tomorrow. （2）She's in a hopeless situation, ________ we will keep a very close eye on. （3）Please describe an occasion ________ you met real difficulties. （4）Occasions are rare ________ I have the time to spend a day with my kids. 考点四：介词+which/whose/whom 【用法】介词后只能跟三种词，分别是which、whose、whom。关系副词可以转变为相应的“介词+which”。 例：Creating an atmosphere in which/where employees feel part of a team is a big challenge. 【例1-6】（*） We expect you to become someone of ________ we’ll feel very proud in the future. 【练1-2】（**） Care of the soul is a gradual process in ________even the small details of life should be considered. 【练1-3】（**） I wish to thank Professor Smith，without ________ help I would never have got this far. 考点五：非限定性定语从句 【用法】非限定性定语从句与正常的定语从句解题方法一致，只不过注意不能使用“that”。 例：Our football team won the final, which made us excited. 【例1-7】（*） We have launched another man made satellite，________is announced in today’s newspaper. 【练1-4】（**） The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China，________he remembers starting as early as his childhood. 考点六：分隔式定语从句 【用法】先行词与定语从句被其他内容隔开。 例：There are a lot of boys in the field who are playing football. 【例1-8】（***） Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of ________ has been proved. 考点七：先行词为时间或地点 【用法】先行词为时间或地点时，不一定会使用“when”或“where”，要分析从句的结构，再确定使用什么关系词。 【例1-9】（**） （1）I am looking forward to the day ________ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her. （2）The exact year ________ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008. 【练1-5】（**） We’ll reach the sales targets in a month ________ we set at the beginning of the year. 【注意】定语从句是语法填空必考的内容，做题时我们主要分析从句的结构，缺少主宾表定，使用“which/who/that/whom/whose”；缺少状语，使用“when/where/why”；在非限定性定语从句中，注意不能使用that，而且有可能使用as的情况。 【练1-6】（***） （1）Of course whenever they turned to look at him, they had to look at Mary, ________ made her feel like a star. （2）Children with parents ________guidance is firm and reasonable are likely to possess high levels of selfconfidence. （3）They will run an after－class club ________ kids can have fun and learn how to protect themselves. （4）The days are gone ________ physical strength was all you needed to make a living. （5）As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time________he should be able to be independent. 二、名词性从句 【考查形式】 1. 介词/动词+宾语从句 2. 系动词+表语从句 3. 主语从句+谓语动词 4. 名词+同位语从句 考点一：that引导 【用法】that在引导名词性从句时不充当成分，没有意义，只起到连接的作用。 【例2-1】（*） （1）I truly believe ________ beauty comes from within. （2）The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust. （3）Information has been put forward ________ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. （4）It’s reported ________ three people were killed in the accident and five were hurt badly.  考点二：if、whether引导 【用法】if与whether在从句中不充当成分，但是他们有自己的含义，翻译成“是否”。 注意在表语从句中，不能使用if，且在如下情况，只能使用whether： （1）whether...or not （2）whether to do （3）discuss+whether （4）介词+whether 【例2-2】（*） The key point is not who said the words, but ________ they are true or not. 【练2-1】（**） It remains to be seen ________ the newly formed committee’s policy can be put into practice. 考点三：特殊疑问词引导 【用法】所有的特殊疑问词都可以引导名词性从句，它们又分为疑问代词和疑问副词，分类如下： （1）疑问代词：what、who、whom、whose、which、whatever、whoever等，在从句中充当主宾表定四种成分。 （2）疑问副词：when、where、why、how、whenever、wherever等，在从句中充当状语。 △关于-ever的用法：特殊疑问词-ever的引导词，表示该情况下为泛指，指任何...。 【例2-3】（**）________ comes to the party will receive a present. 【练2-2】（**） （1）Pick yourself up.Courage is doing ________ you’re afraid to do. （2）No one can be sure ________ man will look like in a million years. （3）Your support is important to our work.________you can do helps. （4） —I wonder________Mary has kept her figure after all these years. —By working out every day. （5）Reading her biography，I was lost in admiration for________Doris Lessing had achieved in literature. （6）We must find out________Karl is coming，so we can book a room for him. （7）You have to know________you’re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there. （8）The exhibition tells us________we should do something to stop air pollution. （9）________we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel. （10）________Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，was born is known to the public，but some won’t accept it. 考点四：关于reason 【用法】 （1）reason作主语时，表语从句使用“that”：The reason is that... （2）That's why与That's the reason why相等。 【例2-4】（***） Parts of the reason why Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was ________ it was rather closely modeled on his own life. 考点五：关于why与because 【用法】 （1）that’s why+结果 （2）that’s because+原因或理由 【例2-5】（*） （1）He had seen the film before. That is ________ he did not see it last night. （2）He didn't see the film. That’s ________ he had to help his sister with her homework. 【练2-3】（**） （1）One reason for her preference for city life is ________ she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants. （2）The reason why he was sent to the hospital was ________ he was ill.  考点六：定语从句与同位语从句的区别 【用法】 （1）引导词：定语从句的that在从句中需要充当成分，在同位语从句中不需要。 （2）先行词：定语从句的先行词不知道具体内容，同位语从句中直到先行词的内容。 △同位语从句前一般为一下名词（大部分为抽象名词）： idea, plan, fact, theory, promise, hope, news, doubt, truth, information, suggestion, question, thought, belief, conclusion，notice 【例2-6】（**） The notice came around two in the afternoon ________ the meeting would be postponed. 【练2-4】（***） （1）The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief________ you are better than anyone else on the sports field. （2）People living in homes _____ TV is always left on often spend less time reading. 考点七：宾语从句中that的省略 【用法】在以下情况that不可省略： （1）宾语从句前有插入语： We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us. （2）有间接宾语时： He told me that he was leaving for Japan. （3）that在与之并列的另一个宾语从句之后： He said (that) the book was very interesting and that(不省略) all the children like to read it. （4）在“it(形式宾语)+补语”之后时： I think it necessary that he should stay here. 【练2-5】（***） （1）________ the universe began with the “big bang” has been widely accepted. （2）It has been proved ________ having a balanced diet helps to keep healthy. （3）________ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. （4）________ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. （5）________ made the parents proud was ________ their son had been admitted to a key university. 三、状语从句（连词） 【考查形式】翻译 考点一：as的用法 【用法】 （1）时间状语从句：当...时；一边...，一边...；随着（强调两个动作同时或相继发生。） （2）方式状语从句：以...方式（just as：正如或就在...时） （3）原因状语从句：由于... （4）让步状语从句：尽管... （5）当“作为”讲 （6）周边词组：as if/though、as soon as、as long as、as...as...等 【例3-1】（**） ________the average age of the population increases，there are more and more old people to care for. 【练3-1】（**） （1）He smiled politely________Mary apologized for her drunken friends. （2）You can borrow my car________long as you promise not to drive too fast. 考点二：when、before、since的相关句型 【用法】 （1）It is/has been＋时间段＋since...：自从...以来已有... （2）It is/was＋时间点＋when...：当……的时候，是…… 例：It was already midnight when I got home. （3）It was（not）long before…：过了很久才…/不久… 例：It was not long before the whole country rose up. It will（not）be long before…：要过很久才…/过不久就会… 例：It will probably not be long before they understand each other. 【例3-2】（**） It was the middle of the night ________ my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game. 考点三：so...that与such...that 【用法】 （1）so+形容词+a/an+名词单数 （2）such+a/an+形容词+名词单数 （3）such+形容词+名词复数/不可数 （4）so+many/few+名词复数 （5）so+much/little+不可数名词 考点四：并列句连词 【用法】 （1）并列；递进；顺承：and （2）转折：although/though；but；however；while；or/otherwise （3）因果：because+原因；so+结果 （4）其他：neither...nor；either...or；not only...but also；both...and... 【练3-2】（***） （1）Follow the instructions on the packet when you take the drug, the drug, _________I think, will work soon. （2）I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I have made over the years. I work not because I have to, ________ because I want to.” （3）I would have been able to catch the first flight home, _________ my watch betrayed me. （4）Make sure you have done a proper warm-up before you play basketball,________you may get injured in the match. （5）Without motivation, you can ________ set a goal nor reach it. （6）Yellow represents happiness and joy in some places,_________in other places it is a symbol of loss. （7）It was time for her to have a new baby,________it was also time for the young panda to be independent. （8）Follow your teacher's advice,________you'll fail in the exam. （9）He must be forty years old __________ his wife looks about twenty. （10）Studying hard isn’t always fun for me, _________I’ll be well prepared for whatever comes in the future. 四、代词 考点一：that在比较级中的指代 【用法】在比较级中，用that指代前文提到的事。 【练4-1】（*） The population of Shenyang is larger than ________ in Fushun. 考点二：it与one 【用法】it指代同类同物；one指代同类不同物。 【练4-2】（*） （1）My hat has lost, I am looking for________. （2）My hat has lost, I will buy ________ in the shop. 考点三：it的特殊用法 【用法】 （1）形式主语：it+形容词/名词短语+that从句 （2）形式宾语： ①情感类动词（appreciate/dislike/hate等）it+if/when从句 ②make/consider/think/find/notice+it+形容词+that从句 （3）it指代天气、时间、距离等 例：It's very cold in spring in the northern China. （4）指代性别不明的婴儿 （5）强调句 【练4-3】（***） （1）They dislike ________ when people do not look at the cards, so remember not to just put them in your pocket without looking. （2）I believe that we need a strict law to make________a crime to do human cloning. （3）My friend is a reliable person, and you can rely on ________ that he will give you a hand. （4）I would appreciate ________ if you would agree to my request. （5）________ is generally recognized that he is one of the most famous musicians in our country. 五、冠词 考点一：定冠词the 【用法】 （1）the+形容词（表示一类人） （2）the+序数词/最高级 （3）the+姓氏s（表示一家人） 考点二：不定冠词a/an 【用法】 （1）字母u：①发本身音（uniform/university等）使用a ②不发本身音（unusual等）使用an （2）单词one（one year old）前使用a （3）hour、honest等前使用an （4）a/an+序数词表示“再；又” 【练5-1】（**） （1）Besides, I have such ________ good command of English that I am elected as assistant to my English teacher. （2）I don’t think the experiment is ________ failure,because it has provided us with valuable experience for future tests. （3）Cricket(板球) seems very slow and boring for those who do not quite grasp it,so patience is________ must to enjoy the game. （4）I would never recommend using a sun bed on ________ regular basis. （5）The curves (曲线) of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills, forming ________ unique view. 六、固定搭配（介词） （1）Modem methods ________ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area. （2）We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ________ dogs, seven to be exact. （3）But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer ________ this question is not clear. （4）First celebrated ________ 1970, the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions(地区). （5）I was searching ________ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried. （6）If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home ________ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. （7）In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and ________ work. （8）After school she plans to take a year off to model full­time before going to university to get a degree ________ engineering or architecture. （9）But my connection with pandas goes back ________ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, （10）Most of us are more focused ________our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. （11）Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat ________ their hands. （12）The mother continued to care for the young panda ________more than two years. 本讲作业 1. 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Are all changes good? It is a commonly held belief that as people get older, they become resistant to change. Their complaints that things used to be better in the past or 1． some new development is no good can be dismissed as the unavoidable thoughts of people who2． (simple) don't like change and are therefore 3． (able) to see the benefits of progress. But is this automatically true? Are the views of an older person on a new development always to be disregarded? This would suggest that every new development must be a good 4． and surely that cannot logically be5． case. Take6． (architect) for example. In the 1950s and 1960s, many older British people were highly critical of the new concrete housing blocks that suddenly sprang up in cities, 7． (say) that they were ugly and depressing places to live in. They were 8． (tell) that they were simply being old-fashioned and that they were incapable of appreciating the advantages of these new buildings, which had replaced the streets of small houses that they were familiar with. 9． decades later, these very same blocks were being pulled10．, as new generations decided they were both ugly and bad for society. 2. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Although festivals have changed a lot with the development of society, the importance of traditional festivals in their lives has never 11． (change). Over 5000 years history has been witnessed the 12． (create) of many Chinese traditional festivals—Chinese New Year, Chinese Mid-Autumn Festivals, the Dragon Boat Festival ,many of which 13． (have) a long history in China. It's very important to promote traditional Chinese festivals as traditional festivals teach us about Chinese values and enable us 14． (learn) more about fine Chinese value. More 15． (importance), traditional festivals are a source of national pride and help shape our national identity. Traditional festivals are also .16． reminder of what it means to be Chinese. Many parties have important roles to play 17． promoting traditional Chinese festivals. Firstly ,the government should declare public holidays on some traditional festivals. Besides, the media can help spread more knowledge about these traditions, 18． (raise) people's interest in the origins and history of the festivals. Lastly, more activities 19． (hold) by schools can help draw students’ attention to our traditions. With the joint efforts of these different parties, people will pay more attention to traditional Chinese festivals, and be 20． (proud) of Chinese culture. 3. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 The New York Times published an article recently that shows great regret for the "death of conversation". It suggests that 21． technology such as cell phones, e-mails, and Internet posting makes us feel more 22． (connect) than ever, they’re also driving us away from people around us. Users get final connectivity 23． price of face-to-face conversation. Lan Guo, 19, a freshman English major from Changsha University, said that she would like to hear people’s tone of voice and see their faces in a conversation. She mentions that 24．(lose) ourselves in mobile technology reduces our chance of starting conversations with strangers and 25． (meet) people． The concept of “I share, therefore I am” among this generation. Young people are so busy creating or polishing their online persona (网络人格) that they forget 26． to live a real life. For example, they may care more about blogging about attending a party rather than enjoying being there. However, experts remind us that it’s 27．(fair) to blame mobile technology. Chen Chen, a sociology expert at China Youth and Children Research Center, 28． (point) out that it is still owners of mobile technology that are avoiding personal contact. We take advantage of these devices 29．(hide) ourselves from others. Texting messages or calling may be an excuse to avoid contact with others, such as having eye contact. “When 30． (strengthen) conversation, we can understand each other. Simply throwing away the mobile phones is not a solution.”she said. 2 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$