精品解析：上海市华东师范大学第一附属中学2023-2024学年高一下期期终考试英语试卷

华师大一附中 2023学年第二学期 高一年级 期终考试 英语试题 I. Listening Comprehension (25) Section A Short Conversations Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Doctor and patient. B. Waitress and customer. C. Wife and husband. D. Secretary and boss. 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. His signature. B. His room number. C. His receipt. D. His check. 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Move her bag at the desk. B. Tell a story with humor. C. Undergo an operation. D. Have a quarrel with the man. 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Mr. James is the new advisor. B. The new advisor is a woman. C. Every undergraduate has an advisor. D. The advisor is not there. 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. She had difficulty getting tickets. B. She’s already been to the exhibition. C. She wanted to get tickets for everybody. D. She’ll try to get tickets after work. 6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The meeting was announced today. B. She’ll make the call later. C. There won’t be a meeting tomorrow. D. She has confirmed everything. 7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He eats too much when playing chess. B. He won’t join the chess club. C. Chess is his favorite game. D. He doesn’t enjoy chess as much as he used to. 8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The number of the train. B. When the next train will depart. C. Where to find some equipment. D. Where to board the train. 9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. She wouldn’t use her ticket. B. She didn’t want her ticket. C. She had forgotten about her ticket. D. She didn’t want to go to the game. 10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The restaurant wasn’t very crowded. B. The meal was very expensive. C The magazine wasn’t very interesting. D. The food wasn’t very good. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 11. A. It varies from person to person. B. It is decided by the most healthy lifestyle. C. It needs some tests and comparison to the standard. D. It is based more on individual needs than personal goals. 12. A. Strength. B. Endurance. C. Flexibility. D. Health. 13. A. The variety of fitness in the future. B. The importance of three basic factors concerning fitness. C. The new concept of fitness and its essential factors. D. Training effects of some sports on people. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 14. A. Recognizing one’s abilities. B. Analyzing one’s strengths and weaknesses. C. Matching one’s abilities to job vacancies. D. Presenting one’s abilities to future employers. 15. A. Finding out what they can do about the employer. B. Avoiding asking unsure questions. C. Arriving as early as they can. D. Answering questions in a polite way. 16. A. Graduates from famous universities. B. Determined skilled and able people. C. Capable and modest people. D. People with much work experience. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 17. A. Sharing pictures online with his followers. B. Picking out the pictures to be shared online. C. Having pictures taken by his followers online. D. Helping others to take some pictures online. 18. A. His friends and relatives. B. His friends and followers. C. His social media friends and followers. D. All people online. 19. A. Opposed. B. Favorable. C. Indifferent. D. Doubtful. 20. A. There are a lot of virus and various crimes online. B. It’s full of too many false and unqualified products. C. It’s changeable and hard to be controlled by people. D. There are all kinds of cheats online actually. II. Grammar and Vocabulary (40) Section A (20) Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. 21. Soon after an earthquake __________ 7.4 struck northern Japan, experts on emergency rescue were called in to give those victims first aid. A. measured B. measuring C. measures D. to measure 22. It was not until five years had passed ________ the whole truth about the murder ________. A. when; emerged B. before; was emerged C. while; was merged D. that; emerged 23. I once ________ in the countryside for ten years, and that’s why I know much about vegetables and crops. A. had worked B. have worked C. was working D. worked 24. The floor, ________ regularly swept every morning, presented a littered surface. A. if B. though C. since D. because 25. ______ the students think it their duty to study hard has laid the foundation for the school’s high reputation. A. That all B. What C. All that D. What all 26. Promising news came nearly a month __________ the patient had the chip implanted (植入) __________ he could control a computer mouse with his brain. A. that… when B. that… what C. since… where D. after… that 27. Students should involve themselves in community activities __________ they can gain experience for growth. A. where B. when C. that D. what 28. Although the plan ________ to improve the living standards of the local people, it was not implemented for several reasons. A. had been intended B. had intended C. had been intending D. was intending 29. The explosion heard shortly before noon on Friday in Stockholm is thought ________ by the gas leak, according to witnesses. A. to be caused B. to have been caused C. of as being caused D. of to be caused 30. I passed a bakery on my way back home, ________ I could always see a variety of cookies, pies and bread appealing to my taste. A. through its window B. through window of which C. through the window D. through whose window 31. __________ huge amounts of human-created text, ChatGPT looks for statistical regularities in this data and learns what words and phrases are associated with others. A. Fed B. Being fed C. Feeding D. Having fed 32. __________ to what you study can lessen stress so it’s suggested that you choose a major or career path you love and enjoy. A. Drawn B. Being drawn C. To be drawn D. Having drawn 33. The daily routine of morning exercise and meditation helps to __________ negative thoughts with positive energy, significantly alleviating feelings of depression and promoting overall mental well-being. A. displace B. supply C. replace D. balance 34. “Blossoms Shanghai”, a television drama __________ a decade-long journey of A Bao’s personal growth, __________ a strong sense of empathy and nostalgia in its viewers, who reflect on the nature of love, loss, and the enduring power of human connection. A. featured, evoking B. being featured, evoked C. featuring, evokes D. having featured, evokes 35. Students are __________ to use chatbots like ChatGPT responsibly to facilitate learning and promote academic growth in a supportive and ethical manner instead of copying answers directly. A. supposed B. warned C. disciplined D. booked 36. In the depths of their mutual understanding, they shared a bond so strong that it __________ respect and affectionately nurtured their love for each other. A. directed B. motivated C. commanded D. deserved 37. It’s easy to lay ________ for impulsive (冲动的) behaviors on teenagers whose brain is underdeveloped rather than the shortage of guidance. A. blame B. discrimination C. complaint D. criticism 38. On receiving a submission, an experienced editor needs to efficiently decide what part to adopt and how much to ________ for a better version awaiting for publication. A. adapt B. surf C. update D. quote 39. Though a breakthrough in treatment, this baldness cure has to pass clinical before it becomes commercially available. A. therapies B. cases C. trials D. chances 40. The heartfelt laughter of the children in the playground, which seemed to __________ the mood of the entire neighborhood, brought a wave of joy and lightheartedness that lasted long after the sun had set. A. affect B. infect C. conquer D. arouse Section B (10) Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Feeling depressed or lonely can age us faster than smoking, researchers say Feeling unhappy, depressed or lonely could speed up the ageing processes more than smoking or even certain diseases, researchers have suggested. While everyone has an age based on their date of birth - “chronological age”, they also have ____41____ is known as a “biological age”, based on the ageing of the body’s functions, influenced by genetics, lifestyle and other factors. Studies have previously suggested the higher the biological age, the higher the risk of various diseases, and the risk of death. Now researchers say they have created a digital model of ageing, ____42____(reveal) the importance of psychological health. “Your body and soul are connected, ____43____ is our main message,” said Fedor Galkin, a co-author of the study and lead scientist at the Hong Kong startup Deep Longevity. “We demonstrate that psychological factors, such as feeling unhappy or being lonely, add up to 1.65 years to one’s biological age,” they write. While Galkin said the figure is an estimate, not least as the model assumes that different feelings like hopelessness or fearfulness are independent of each other, the study highlights that ____44____ fast we age is significantly associated with our psychological state. “Taking care of your psychological health is the greatest contributor that you can have to ____45____(slow) down your pace of ageing,” he said. The team also report that people who smoke ____46____(predict) to be 15 months older than their non-smoking peers while living in urban areas reduces biological age ____47____ five months. Similarly, ____48____(marry) takes about seven months off one’s biological age. But, he said, it is unlikely isolation and loneliness are truly worse risk factors for health than smoking, while the study only looked at the data that ____49____(collect) at one point in time. “The researchers did not follow up participants to show that those with psychological distress actually aged more rapidly,” he said. “It will be important in the future _____50_____（test）whether these predictions can be fulfilled by repeating testing over a number of years.” Section C (10) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. avoided B. processed C. suited D. equal E. steer F. interfere G. understandably H. concentration I. thirst J. cabin K. unsettle Eating on a plane used to be common practice. But in the age of COVID-19, many passengers are ____51____ less inclined to remove their masks to take a mid-flight bite ― or to even have a snack at the airport. As a result, it’s more common to eat at home before embarking on a flight. Those with longer travel journeys may even eat a large meal to carry them through the day. Still, not all preflight eats are created ____52____. Tracy Lockwood Beckerman, a registered dietitian based in New York City, said it’s worth considering your overall health as you prep for travel, including what you eat and drink. “It’s important to eat foods that will keep your immune system strong, keep you hydrated and are easily digested before flying,” Beckerman said. So, which foods are best ____53____ on a day when you’re traveling by plane? “It’s super common for dehydration to set in when flying, thanks to the lack of humidity and dry air in the ____54____,” Beckerman said. “That’s why it’s not the smartest to have a meal high in sodium (钠) the day before or morning of your flight.” Beckerman also advised going easy on the salt shaker, opting for snacks without added salt to avoid dehydration-related headaches. Alcohol consumption tends to cause dehydration and has a different effect on the body than if you were to have a drink at ground level due to the low pressure in the cabin and the low oxygen ____55____ in blood. Therefore you are more likely to get drunk faster and urinate frequently. A cup of coffee can leave you dehydrated in an already dry environment and coffee also has a mild diuretic effect, which can lead to more frequent trips to the bathroom. Beyond the dehydrating effects, caffeine can also keep you awake during a flight, which is often an opportunity to catch up on sleep. The need for more frequent bathroom visits can also ____56____ with your ability to doze during your travels. If you have a sensitive stomach, you might want to ____57____ clear of foods that can mess with your digestion. That includes highly ____58____ snacks like candy and fast food, which often contain ingredients that could ____59____ your digestive system. A balanced meal that satisfies your _____60_____ with water and hydrating fruits contains moderate amounts of complex carbohydrates and lean protein, and is low in added sugars and sodium is ideal. III. Reading Comprehension (45) Section A (15) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. AI can transform education for the better As students return to classrooms for the new year, it is striking to reflect on how little education has changed in recent decades. The sector remains a digital laggard (落后者). American schools and universities spend 2% and 5% of their budgets, ____61____, on technology, compared with 8% for the average American company. When the pandemic forced schools and universities to shut down, the moment for a digital ____62____ seemed close when the market value of online tutoring providers like Chegg and Byju’s both increased. However, once covid was brought under control, classes continued much as before. If the pandemic couldn’t overcome the education sector’s ____63____ to digital interruption, can artificial intelligence? ChatGPT-like generative AI, which can converse cleverly on varieties of subjects, certainly ____64____. So much so that educationalists began to ____65____ that students would use it to cheat on essays and homework. Increasingly, however, it is generating excitement as a means to provide ____66____ tutoring to various students and speed up boring tasks such as marking. Learners, for their part, are ____67____ the technology. Two-fifths of undergraduates reported using an AI chatbot to help them with their studies. Indeed, the technology’s popularity has raised awkward questions for companies like Chegg, which was losing customers ____68____ ChatGPT. Yet there are good reasons to believe that education specialists like Chegg who employ AI will eventually ____69____ generalists such as OpenAI, the maker of ChatGPT. For one, AI chatbots often talk nonsense, an unhelpful trait in an educational context. “Students want content from _____70_____ providers,” argues Kate Edwards, chief pedagogist at Pearson, a textbook publisher. The company has not allowed ChatGPT and other AIs to _____71_____ its material, but has instead used the content to train its own models, which it is embedding into its set of learning apps. _____72_____, as Chegg’s Mr Rosensweig argues, teaching is not merely about giving students an answer, but about presenting it in a way that helps them learn. Understanding pedagogy (教学法) thus gives education specialists an _____73_____. Pearson has designed its AI tools to _____74_____ students by breaking complex topics down, testing their understanding and providing quick feedback, says Ms Edwards. Byju’s is incorporating “forgetting curves” for students into the design of its AI tutoring tools, refreshing their memories at personalized _____75_____. Bringing AI to education will not be easy, but once answers on how to make use of this technology become clearer, such a development will certainly deserve top marks. 61. A. respectively B. appropriately C. totally D. ultimately 62. A. divide B. reverse C. boom D. withdrawal 63. A. tendency B. resistance C. attention D. anxiety 64 A. serve the purpose B. break the ice C. take the initiative D. do some good 65. A. maintain B. panic C. doubt D. wonder 66. A. personalized B. individualistic C. characteristic D. attentive 67. A. attempting B. declining C. opposing D. embracing 68. A. for B. under C. to D. in 69. A. detect B. transform C. overtake D. enhance 70. A. comprehensive B. advanced C. distinguished D. trusted 71. A. give away B. take in C. bring about D. hold up 72. A. By contrast B. Despite this C. What’s more D. As a result 73. A. applause B. edge C. hesitation D. improvement 74. A. convince B. engage C. capture D. challenge 75. A. intervals B. cost C. mercy D. best Section B (22) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.　 (A) The train was at a standstill, some twenty minutes outside Kolkata, when an unexpected stroke of luck presented Piya with an opportunity to go for a seat beside a window for some fresh air. She had been sitting in the stuffiest part of the train compartment, on the edge of a bench: now, moving to the open window, she saw that the train had stopped at a station called Champahati. Looking over her shoulder, Piya spotted a tea-seller on the platform. Reaching through the bars of the window, she called him with a wave. She had never cared for the kind of chai, Indian tea, sold in Seattle, her hometown in the USA, but somehow, in the ten days she had spent in India she had developed an unexpected taste for milky, overboiled tea served in earthenware cups. There were no spices in it for one thing, and this was more to her taste than the chai at home. She paid for her tea and was trying to get in the cup through the bars when the man in the seat opposite her own suddenly turned over a page, jolting her hand. She turned her wrist quickly enough to make sure that most of the tea spilled out of the window, but she could not prevent some from spilling over his papers. “Oh, I’m so sorry!” Piya was very embarrassed: of everyone in the compartment, this was the last person she would have chosen to injure with her tea. She had noticed him while waiting on the platform in Kolkata and she had been struck by the self-satisfied tilt of his head and the way in which he stared at everyone around him, taking them in, sizing them up, sorting them all into their places. “Here,” said Piya, producing a handful of tissues. “Let me help you clean up.” “There’s nothing to be done,” he said testily (暴躁地). “These pages are ruined anyway.” For a moment she considered pointing out that it was he who had knocked her hand. But all she could bring herself to say was, “I’m very sorry. I hope you’ll excuse me.” “Do I really have a choice?” he said. “Does anyone have a choice when they’re dealing with Americans these days?” Piya had no wish to get into an argument so she let this pass. Instead, she opened her eyes wide and, in an attempt to restore peace, came out with, “But how did you guess?” “About what?” “About my being American? You’re very observant.” This seemed to do the trick. His shoulders relaxed as he leaned back in his seat. “I didn’t guess,” he said. “I knew.” 76. In the first paragraph, Piya was relieved when she got a window seat because it meant that_________. A. there was more room for her luggage B. she no longer had to suffer from a lack of air C. there was less chance that she would miss her stop D. she didn’t have to stand for the rest of the train journey 77. Piya found that the tea or chai she had drunk in India ________. A. was disappointingly weak in taste B. reminded her of her home in Seattle C. would have tasted better if served fresh D. was preferable to the chai she had had before 78. When Piya first saw the man she thought that ________. A. he was someone who was observant of surroundings B. he seemed to think he was better than other people C. he had tried to keep his distance from his fellow passengers D. he had been looking for someone he knew on the station platform 79. Piya asked “But how did you guess?” in order to _________. A. find out what the man really thought about Americans B. try to calm the situation down by starting a conversation C ensure the man realized that she had apologized D. make sure the man knew he was being rude (B) Our library offers different types of studying places and provides a good studying environment. Zones The library is divided into different zones. The upper floor is a quiet zone with over a thousand places for silent reading, and places where you can sit and work with your own computer. The reading places consist mostly of tables and chairs. The ground floor is the zone where you can talk. Here you can find sofas and armchairs for group work. Computers You can use your own computer to connect to the wi-fi specially prepared for notebook computers; you can also use library computers, which contain the most commonly used applications, such as Microsoft Office. They are situated (位于) in the area known as the Experimental Field on the ground floor. Group-study places If you want to discuss freely without disturbing others, you can book a study room or sit at a table on the ground floor. Some study rooms are for 2-3 people and others can hold up to 6-8 people. All rooms are marked on the library maps. There are 40 group-study rooms that must be booked via the website. To book, you need an active University account and a valid University card. You can use a room three hours per day, nine hours at most per week. Storage of Study Material The library has lockers for students to store course literature. When you have got at least 40 credits (学分), you may rent a locker and pay 400 SEK for a year’s rental period. Rules to be Followed Mobile phone conversations are not permitted anywhere in the library. Keep your phone on silent as if you were in a lecture and exit the library if you need to receive calls. Please note that food and fruit are forbidden in the library, but you are allowed to have drinks and sweets with you. 80. What can students do on the upper floor of the library? A. Chat at the table. B. Have group discussion. C. Relax themselves. D. Read attentively. 81. What is required if you want to reserve a group-study room? A. The application form. B. The marked library map. C. An active school account. D. The topic of the discussion. 82. How can a student rent a locker? A. By booking in advance. B. By attending enough courses. C. By paying the rental fee. D. By earning the required credits. (C) States will be able to force more people to pay sales tax when they make online purchases under a Supreme Court decision Thursday that will leave shoppers with lighter wallets but is a big financial win for states. The Supreme Court’s opinion Thursday overruled a pair of decades-old decisions that states said cost them billions of dollars in lost revenue annually. The decisions made it more difficult for states to collect sales tax on certain online purchases. The cases the court overturned said that if a business was shipping a customer’s purchase to a state where the business didn’t have a physical presence such as a warehouse or office, the business didn’t have to collect sales tax for the state. Customers were generally responsible for paying the sales tax to the state themselves if they weren’t charged it, but most didn’t realize they owed it and few paid. Justice Anthony Kennedy wrote that the previous decisions were flawed. “Each year the physical presence rule becomes further removed from economic reality and results in significant revenue losses to the States,” he wrote in an opinion joined by four other justices. Kennedy wrote that the rule “limited States’ ability to seek long-term prosperity and has prevented market participants from competing on an even playing field.” The ruling is a victory for big chains with a presence in many states, since they usually collect sales tax on online purchases already. Now, rivals will be charging sales tax where they hadn’t before. Big chains have been collecting sales tax nationwide because they typically have physical stores in whatever state a purchase is being shipped to. Amazon.com, with its network of warehouses, also collects sales tax in every state that charges it, though third-party sellers who use the site don’t have to. Until now, many sellers that have a physical presence in only a single state or a few states have been able to avoid charging sales taxes when they ship to addresses outside those states. Sellers that use eBay and Etsy, which provide platforms for smaller sellers, also haven’t been collecting sales tax nationwide. Under the ruling Thursday, states can pass laws requiring out-of-state sellers to collect the state’s sales tax from customers and send it to the state. Retail trade groups praised the ruling, saying it levels the playing field for local and online businesses. The losers, said retail analyst Neil Saunders, are online-only retailers, especially smaller ones. Those retailers may face headaches complying with various state sales tax laws. The Small Business & Entrepreneurship Council advocacy group said in a statement, “Small businesses and internet entrepreneurs are not well served at all by this decision.” 83. The Supreme Court decision Thursday will ______. A. better businesses’ relations with states B. put most online businesses in a dilemma C. make more online shoppers pay sales tax D. force some states to cut sales tax 84. It can be learned from paragraphs 2 and 3 that the overruled decisions ______. A. have led to the dominance of e-commerce B. have cost consumers a lot over the years C. were widely criticized by online purchasers D. were considered unfavorable by states 85. According to Justice Anthony Kennedy, the physical presence rule has ______. A. hindered economic development B. brought prosperity to the country C. harmed fair market competition D. boosted growth in states revenue 86. In dealing with the Supreme Court decision Thursday, the author ______. A. gives a factual account of it and discusses its consequences B. describes the long and complicated process of its making C. presents its main points with conflicting views on them D. cites some cases related to it and analyzes their implications Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Twilight of the Brands It's a truism of business-book thinking that a company's brand is its "most important asset," more valuable than technology or patents or manufacturing prowess．But brands have never been more fragile．The reason is simple: consumers are supremely well informed and far more likely to investigate the real value of products than to rely on logos． Absolute Value, a new book by Itamar Simonson and Emanuel Rosen shows that, historically, the rise of brands was a response to an information-poor environment．_______87_______ If a car was made by G.M, or a ketchup by Heinz, you assumed that it was pretty good．It was hard to figure out if a new product from an unfamiliar company was reliable or not, so brand loyalty was a way of reducing risk． Today, consumers can read much research about whatever they want to buy．This started back with Consumer Reports, which did objective studies of products．_______88_______ It has given ordinary consumers easy access to expert reviews, user reviews, and detailed product data, in an array of categories． A recent study found that eighty per cent of consumers look at online reviews before making major purchases, and a host of studies have logged the strong influence those reviews have on the decisions people make．_______89_______ An undesirable product can become a laughingstock（笑柄） in a matter of hours．In the old days, you might buy a Sony television set because you'd owned one before, or because you trusted the brand．Today, such considerations matter much less than reviews on Amazon and Engadget and CNET. As Simonson said, "each product how has to prove itself on its own．" It's been argued that in a world where consumers are overwhelmed with information, the information will actually make brands more valuable．Indeed, the role a brand plays in people's lives has become all the more important, But information overload is largely a myth．_______90_______ And this has made customer loyalty pretty much a thing of the past．Only twenty-five per cent of American respondents in a recent study said that brand loyalty affected how they shopped． A. But what really weakened the power of brands is the Internet． B. For consumers this is ideal: heightened competition has raised quality and held down prices． C. When consumers had to rely on advertisements and their past experience with a company, brands served as a guarantee for quality． D. A large quantity of consumers fail to get a great deal of information efficiently and effectively． E. The rise of social media has sped up the trend to an astonishing degree． F. Most consumers figure out how to find what they're looking for without spending huge amounts of time online． IV. Translation (3+3+4+5= 15) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 91. 你越多练习武术，你就越能理解为什么它是一个值得传承的国之瑰宝。（the more…the more）(汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 92. 在异国他乡，使我不能入乡随俗的不是文化差异，而是无法吃上一口我从小熟悉的上海菜。（familiar）(汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 93. 我逐渐明白，颜宁之所以被世界认可并被授予杰出女科学家称号是因她对卓越的追求和对研究的投入。(dawn) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 94. 那么多人报名参加city walk真是有些不可思议，这本是一个自我探究城市、自我放松的一个活动。(汉译英)（which） ___________________________________________________________________________ V．Guided Writing (25%) 95. 你是天镇中学的高一学生黎明。学校拟采购添置一批设备物资，用于改善学生的校园生活品质。校方提供了三个物品选项，征求全体学生的意见。请给校长写封信，就“最值得购买的物品”提出自己的看法，并说明理由。 1 自动贩卖机 vending machine 2 空调 air-conditioner 3 微波炉 microwave oven _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 华师大一附中 2023学年第二学期 高一年级 期终考试 英语试题 I. Listening Comprehension (25) Section A Short Conversations Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Doctor and patient. B. Waitress and customer. C. Wife and husband. D. Secretary and boss. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】W: Would you care to see the menu? M: No, thanks. I already know what I'd like to order. Q: What is most probably the relationship between the two speakers? 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. His signature. B. His room number. C. His receipt. D. His check. 【答案】A 【解析】 原文】M: I’d like to check in for the evening, please. I haven’t made a reservation though. W: It’s all right. Just sign here and we’ll get you a place. Q: What does the woman want from the man? 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Move her bag at the desk. B. Tell a story with humor. C. Undergo an operation. D. Have a quarrel with the man. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】M: Mrs. Johnson, it looks like the surgery will have to be done. W: Oh, I was really hoping you weren't going to say that. Q: What will the woman have to do? 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Mr. James is the new advisor. B. The new advisor is a woman. C. Every undergraduate has an advisor. D. The advisor is not there. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】M: I'd like to see Mr. James, please. W: He is not here anymore. Mrs. Henderson is the new advisor for undergraduates. Q: What does this conversation tell us? 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. She had difficulty getting tickets. B. She’s already been to the exhibition. C. She wanted to get tickets for everybody. D. She’ll try to get tickets after work. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】W: Susan won’t be coming to work tomorrow. She’s finally going to the modern art exhibition. M: Oh, so she managed to get tickets after all. Q: What does the man imply about Susan? 6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The meeting was announced today. B. She’ll make the call later. C. There won’t be a meeting tomorrow. D. She has confirmed everything. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】M: Has tomorrow's meeting been confirmed? W: Ah, I was told it's been called off. Q: What does the woman mean? 7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He eats too much when playing chess. B. He won’t join the chess club. C. Chess is his favorite game. D. He doesn’t enjoy chess as much as he used to. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】W: Are you going to join the chess club this year? M: Chess eats up too much of my time. Q: What can be inferred about the man? 8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The number of the train. B. When the next train will depart. C. Where to find some equipment. D. Where to board the train. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】W: I’m sorry, sir. Train number 544 has departed already. M: That’s all right. Could you please tell me where to find a fax machine? Q: What is the man asking? 9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. She wouldn’t use her ticket. B. She didn’t want her ticket. C. She had forgotten about her ticket. D. She didn’t want to go to the game. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】W: The baseball game was really impressive. M: So you used that ticket after all! Q: What had the man assumed about the woman? 10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The restaurant wasn’t very crowded. B. The meal was very expensive. C. The magazine wasn’t very interesting. D. The food wasn’t very good. 【答案】D 【解析】 【原文】M: Are you going to trust the restaurant critic again? That didn't taste anything like the meal we had in Paris. W: It definitely wasn't worth the wait. Q: What does the woman imply? Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 11. A. It varies from person to person. B. It is decided by the most healthy lifestyle. C. It needs some tests and comparison to the standard. D. It is based more on individual needs than personal goals. 12. A. Strength. B. Endurance. C. Flexibility. D. Health. 13. A. The variety of fitness in the future. B. The importance of three basic factors concerning fitness. C. The new concept of fitness and its essential factors. D. Training effects of some sports on people. 【答案】11. A 12. B 13. C 【解析】 【原文】What exactly is fit? How do you know whether you are fit? Under the Old Fitness, this question is answered by taking a few tests and comparing your performance to the standard. The New Fitness leaves every individual to arrive at his or her own answer, based on individual need, personal goals and different lifestyles. The New Fitness definition is less precise but more flexible: you are fit if you can work effectively at your normal task; if you have enough energy left at the end of the day to invest in leisure activities; and if you have the strength to stand an unexpected physical emergency like running a block to catch a bus, for instance, or rearranging all your furniture. By this definition, a healthy, physically fit accountant would not be in the same shape as a healthy, physically fit athlete. But there's no need to be. Fitness can be divided into three basic factors: endurance, strength and flexibility. Of the three, endurance is the factor that is most often used as the key indicator of fitness. And the exercises which build endurance have the greatest effect on your overall health. Questions: 11. What is the new concept of fitness? 12. What is the most important factor indicating fitness? 13. What does the passage mainly tell us? Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 14. A. Recognizing one’s abilities. B. Analyzing one’s strengths and weaknesses. C. Matching one’s abilities to job vacancies. D. Presenting one’s abilities to future employers. 15. A. Finding out what they can do about the employer. B. Avoiding asking unsure questions. C. Arriving as early as they can. D. Answering questions in a polite way. 16. A. Graduates from famous universities. B. Determined, skilled and able people. C. Capable and modest people. D. People with much work experience. 【答案】14. C 15. A 16. B 【解析】 【原文】Most career organizations highlight three stages for graduates to follow in the process of securing a suitable career: recognizing abilities, matching these to available vacancies and presenting them well to employers. Job seekers have to make a careful assessment of their own abilities. One area of assessment should be of their academic qualifications. Graduates should also consider their own personal values and attitudes, or the relative importance to themselves of such matters as money, security, leadership and caring for others. The second stage is to study the opportunities available for employment and to think about how the general employment situation is likely to develop in the future. After studying various options, they should be in a position to make informed comparisons between various careers. Good personal presentation is essential in the search for a good career. Job application forms and letters should, of course, be filled in carefully and correctly. When additional information is asked for, job seekers should describe their abilities and work experience in more depth, with examples if possible. When graduates are asked to attend an interview, they should prepare properly by finding out all they can about the employer. Interviewees should try to give positive and helpful answers and should not be afraid to ask questions about anything they are unsure about. This is much better than pretending to understand a question and giving an unsuitable answer. There will be good career opportunities for people with ability, skills and determination; the secret to securing a good job is to be one of those people. Questions: 14. What is the second stage for graduates to follow in seeking a suitable career? 15. What is important for interviewees when attending an interview? 16. What kind of people can secure a good job according to the passage? Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 17. A. Sharing pictures online with his followers. B. Picking out the pictures to be shared online. C. Having pictures taken by his followers online. D. Helping others to take some pictures online. 18. A. His friends and relatives. B. His friends and followers. C. His social media friends and followers. D. All people online. 19. A. Opposed. B. Favorable. C. Indifferent. D. Doubtful. 20 A. There are a lot of virus and various crimes online. B. It’s full of too many false and unqualified products. C. It’s changeable and hard to be controlled by people. D. There are all kinds of cheats online actually. 【答案】17. B 18. C 19. A 20. D 【解析】 【原文】Dina: What are you doing, Roger? Roger: Hello, Dina. I'm deciding which of these pictures from my birthday party to share online. Dina: You mean on social media? Roger: Yes. I want to find the best ones to share with friends. Dina: Are the people on your social media accounts really your friends? Roger: Of course they are. Dina: Really? Do you know all of your social media friends or followers personally? Roger: No, I don’t. But does that really matter? Dina: It could. Why would you share your life with people you don't know very well? Roger: Because it’s fun to interact with others. Dina: It's nice to connect with people, but how can you feel comfortable sharing personal photos with them? They may post rude comments. Roger: Sharing photos is a great way to become known to others. And most people will make nice comments. Dina: But why are you opening yourself up to that? Anyone can view your social media accounts if you make them public. Roger: So? Sharing is just a part of networking. And networking has great benefits. Dina: Such as? Roger: Networking opens doors to all kinds of opportunities for work, volunteering and real life friendships. Dina: Maybe I’m traditional, but I think the opportunities are better and safer when you meet someone in person. Roger: But it’s a lot faster to network through social media. Dina: If you're networking for business purposes, why would you share personal information? Roger: Social edges have changed over time. People like me find openness attractive. I like being able to be myself. I don’t worry too much about what I share and don't share. Dina: But nowadays people can pretend to be anybody online. There are all kinds of cheats out there. I prefer to be more private and only share with those I have a real relationship with. Roger: Sometimes your own personal sharing can encourage someone, even people you don't actually know. That can be pretty powerful! Dina: I’m sure that's possible, but I’d still say it's essential to be wise about what you share. Questions: 17.What is Roger doing when Dina comes? 18.Who does Roger plan to share his life with online? 19.What is Dina’s attitude toward sharing personal life online? 20.According to Dina, what are the disadvantages of social media sharing? II. Grammar and Vocabulary (40) Section A (20) Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. 21. Soon after an earthquake __________ 7.4 struck northern Japan, experts on emergency rescue were called in to give those victims first aid. A. measured B. measuring C. measures D. to measure 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在日本北部发生7.4级地震后不久，紧急救援专家被召集来给那些受害者进行急救。after引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词是struck，空格处需要非谓语动词，an earthquake和measure之间是主动关系，用现在分词作后置定语，故选B。 22. It was not until five years had passed ________ the whole truth about the murder ________. A. when; emerged B. before; was emerged C. while; was merged D. that; emerged 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查强调句型。句意：直到五年过去了，谋杀案的全部真相才浮出水面。根据“It was not until five years had passed”可知，此处用强调句型It was not until…that…表示“直到……才”，强调时间状语not until five years had passed，emerge“浮现，显露”和主语the whole truth之间是主动关系，应用主动语态。故选D。 23. I once ________ in the countryside for ten years, and that’s why I know much about vegetables and crops. A. had worked B. have worked C. was working D. worked 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。句意：我曾经在农村工作了十年，这就是为什么我对蔬菜和农作物了解很多。根据句意可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，和现在无关，应用一般过去时，表示过去一种事实，应用一般过去时。故选D。 24. The floor, ________ regularly swept every morning, presented a littered surface. A. if B. though C. since D. because 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：地板虽然每天早晨定期打扫，但还是乱七八糟。A. if如果；B. though尽管；C. since因为，自从；D. because因为。根据句意可知，此处为连词though表示“尽管”，引导让步状语从句，且从句省略了主语+be动词。故选B项。 25. ______ the students think it their duty to study hard has laid the foundation for the school’s high reputation. A. That all B. What C. All that D. What all 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查主语从句和限定词。句意：所有的学生都认为努力学习是他们的责任，这为学校的高声誉奠定了基础。“______ the students think it their duty to study hard”为句子的主语，即，主语从句，从句中“the students”为主语，“think”为谓语动词，“to study hard”为真正宾语，“it”为形式宾语，“their duty”为宾语补足语，句子结构和句意完整，因此，应是用“that”作引导词，且不可省略，置于句首，首字母大写；同时，复数名词前可用“all”作限定词，表“所有；全部”。故选A项。 26. Promising news came nearly a month __________ the patient had the chip implanted (植入) __________ he could control a computer mouse with his brain. A. that… when B. that… what C. since… where D. after… that 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查时间状语从句和同位语从句。句意：在病人植入芯片近一个月后，有了好消息，他可以用大脑控制电脑鼠标。第一空应用从属连词引导时间状语从句，表示时间的先后顺序，可先排除A和B项，通常since引导的从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时，与题意不符，通常after引导的从句用过去完成时，主句用一般过去时，符合题意；第二空引导名词性从句作Promising news的同位语，说明其内容，同位语从句的成分和语义均完整，应用连接词that作引导词。故选D。 27. Students should involve themselves in community activities __________ they can gain experience for growth. A where B. when C. that D. what 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：学生应该参加社区活动，在那里他们可以获得成长的经验。分析句子结构可知，这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，先行词community activities在从句中充当地点状语，故应用关系副词where，故选A项。 28. Although the plan ________ to improve the living standards of the local people, it was not implemented for several reasons. A. had been intended B. had intended C. had been intending D. was intending 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】时态和语态。句意：尽管该计划旨在提高当地人民的生活水平，但由于几个原因没有得到实施。根据句意和后文主句it was not implemented for several reasons的时态可知，此处表示的动作发生在过去的过去，应用过去完成时；动词intend“打算，意指”和主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故选A。 29. The explosion heard shortly before noon on Friday in Stockholm is thought ________ by the gas leak, according to witnesses. A to be caused B. to have been caused C. of as being caused D. of to be caused 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：据目击者称，周五中午前不久在斯德哥尔摩听到的爆炸声被认为是由煤气泄漏引起的。sth. is thought to do 为固定用法，意为“某物被认为……”。此处表示爆炸已经发生，且cause与explosion之间是逻辑上的被动关系，因此应用to have been caused。故选 B。 30. I passed a bakery on my way back home, ________ I could always see a variety of cookies, pies and bread appealing to my taste. A. through its window B. through window of which C. through the window D. through whose window 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我在回家的路上经过了一家面包店，通过它的窗户我总能看到各种各样的饼干、派和面包，吸引着我的味蕾。空处引导定语从句，“透过窗户”用介词through，先行词为a bakery，bakery与window之间为所属关系，表示“……的”，关系代词为whose，在定语从句中作定语，修饰名词window，设空处应填through whose window；此外，也可用through the window of which，which指代先行词bakery作介词of宾语，此处特指这家面包店的窗户，window前用加定冠词the。故选D。 31. __________ huge amounts of human-created text, ChatGPT looks for statistical regularities in this data and learns what words and phrases are associated with others. A. Fed B. Being fed C. Feeding D. Having fed 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：通过大量的人工文本，ChatGPT在这些数据中寻找统计规律，并了解哪些单词和短语与其他单词和短语相关。A. Fed喂(过去分词)；B. Being fed喂(现在分词的被动形式)；C. Feeding喂(现在分词)；D. Having fed喂(现在分词的完成式)。分析句子结构可知，空格处用作句子的状语，feed与逻辑主语ChatGPT是逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词，故选A项。 32. __________ to what you study can lessen stress, so it’s suggested that you choose a major or career path you love and enjoy. A. Drawn B. Being drawn C. To be drawn D. Having drawn 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：被你的学习所吸引可以减轻压力，所以建议你选择一个你喜欢的专业或职业道路。 be drawn to“被……所吸引”为固定短语，空处在句中作主语，用动名词形式。故选B项。 33. The daily routine of morning exercise and meditation helps to __________ negative thoughts with positive energy, significantly alleviating feelings of depression and promoting overall mental well-being. A. displace B. supply C. replace D. balance 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每天的晨练和冥想有助于用积极的能量取代消极的想法，显著减轻抑郁的感觉，促进整体的心理健康。A. displace移动；B. supply供应；C. replace取代；D. balance平衡。根据后文“negative thoughts with positive energy”指用积极的能量取代消极的想法，为replace…with…。故选C。 34. “Blossoms Shanghai”, a television drama __________ a decade-long journey of A Bao’s personal growth, __________ a strong sense of empathy and nostalgia in its viewers, who reflect on the nature of love, loss, and the enduring power of human connection. A. featured, evoking B. being featured, evoked C. featuring, evokes D. having featured, evokes 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：《繁花》是一部以阿宝个人成长十年之旅为特色的电视剧，在观众中唤起了强烈的共鸣和怀旧之情，他们反思爱、失去的本质以及人类联系的持久力量。第一空处是非谓语动词作定语，feature意为“以……为特色”，与逻辑主语television drama之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作定语；第二空处是句子的谓语动词，evoke意为“唤起”，与主语“Blossoms Shanghai”之间是主动关系，且表示的是一般事实，应用一般现在时，因主语是单数第三人称，谓语动词使用单数第三人称形式。故选C项。 35. Students are __________ to use chatbots like ChatGPT responsibly to facilitate learning and promote academic growth in a supportive and ethical manner instead of copying answers directly. A. supposed B. warned C. disciplined D. booked 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：学生们应该负责任地使用像ChatGPT这样的聊天机器人来促进学习和支持道德的学术成长，而不是直接复制答案。A. supposed应该；B. warned警告；C. disciplined训练；D. booked预订。根据句意，此处表示学生们应该负责任地使用聊天机器人，而不是直接复制答案。be supposed to do sth意为“应该做某事”。故选A。 36. In the depths of their mutual understanding, they shared a bond so strong that it __________ respect and affectionately nurtured their love for each other. A. directed B. motivated C. commanded D. deserved 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在他们相互理解的深处，他们有着如此牢固的纽带，博得尊重，并深情地培养了他们对彼此的爱。A. directed指导；B. motivated激发；C. commanded博得；赢得；D. deserved值得；应得。根据“a bond so strong(一种如此强烈的情感连接)”可知，此处表示赢得尊重。故选C。 37. It’s easy to lay ________ for impulsive (冲动的) behaviors on teenagers whose brain is underdeveloped rather than the shortage of guidance. A. blame B. discrimination C. complaint D. criticism 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们很容易将冲动行为归咎于大脑尚未完全发育的青少年，而不是缺乏指导。A. blame（对坏事应负的）责任；B. discrimination区别对待；C. complaint抱怨；D. criticism指责。根据空前的“lay”和空后的“for impulsive (冲动的) behaviors on teenagers”可推知，blame“（对坏事应负的）责任”符合题意，lay blame on sb.是固定短语，表示“把……归咎于某人，责怪某人”，句中表示“将冲动行为归咎于青少年”。故选A。 38. On receiving a submission, an experienced editor needs to efficiently decide what part to adopt and how much to ________ for a better version awaiting for publication. A. adapt B. surf C. update D. quote 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在收到投稿后，经验丰富的编辑需要有效地决定采用哪一部分，以及修改多少以获得等待出版的更好版本。A. adapt改写，使适应；B. surf上网，冲浪；C. update更新，向……提供最新信息；D. quote引用。根据上文“On receiving a submission, an experienced editor needs to efficiently decide”以及空后“for a better version awaiting for publication”可知，编辑需要决定如何修改收到的投稿让其变得更好以能够出版。故选A。 39. Though a breakthrough in treatment, this baldness cure has to pass clinical before it becomes commercially available. A. therapies B. cases C. trials D. chances 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然在治疗上取得了突破，但这种治疗脱发的方法在商业化之前必须通过临床试验。A. therapies治疗方法；B. cases具体情况，实例；C. trials试验；D. chances机会。根据“this baldness cure”以及“before it becomes commercially available”可知，此处指“通过临床试验”，故选C项。 40. The heartfelt laughter of the children in the playground, which seemed to __________ the mood of the entire neighborhood, brought a wave of joy and lightheartedness that lasted long after the sun had set. A. affect B. infect C. conquer D. arouse 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：孩子们在操场上发自内心的笑声似乎感染了整个社区的情绪，带来了一波又一波的欢乐和轻松，这种情绪在太阳落山后持续了很久。A. affect影响；B. infect感染；C. conquer征服；D. arouse引起。根据“brought a wave of joy and lightheartedness that lasted long after the sun had set.(带来了一波又一波的欢乐和轻松，这种情绪在太阳落山后持续了很久)”可知，孩子们的笑声感染了整个社区的情绪。故选B。 Section B (10) Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Feeling depressed or lonely can age us faster than smoking, researchers say Feeling unhappy, depressed or lonely could speed up the ageing processes more than smoking or even certain diseases, researchers have suggested. While everyone has an age based on their date of birth - “chronological age”, they also have ____41____ is known as a “biological age”, based on the ageing of the body’s functions, influenced by genetics, lifestyle and other factors. Studies have previously suggested the higher the biological age, the higher the risk of various diseases, and the risk of death. Now researchers say they have created a digital model of ageing, ____42____(reveal) the importance of psychological health. “Your body and soul are connected, ____43____ is our main message,” said Fedor Galkin, a co-author of the study and lead scientist at the Hong Kong startup Deep Longevity. “We demonstrate that psychological factors, such as feeling unhappy or being lonely, add up to 1.65 years to one’s biological age,” they write. While Galkin said the figure is an estimate, not least as the model assumes that different feelings like hopelessness or fearfulness are independent of each other, the study highlights that ____44____ fast we age is significantly associated with our psychological state. “Taking care of your psychological health is the greatest contributor that you can have to ____45____(slow) down your pace of ageing,” he said. The team also report that people who smoke ____46____(predict) to be 15 months older than their non-smoking peers while living in urban areas reduces biological age ____47____ five months. Similarly, ____48____(marry) takes about seven months off one’s biological age. But, he said, it is unlikely isolation and loneliness are truly worse risk factors for health than smoking, while the study only looked at the data that ____49____(collect) at one point in time. “The researchers did not follow up participants to show that those with psychological distress actually aged more rapidly,” he said. “It will be important in the future _____50_____（test）whether these predictions can be fulfilled by repeating testing over a number of years.” 【答案】41. what 42. revealing 43. which 44. how 45. slowing 46. are predicted 47. by 48. being married 49. had been collected 50. to test 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明孤独抑郁比吸烟更容易让人衰老。 【41题详解】 考查连接词。句意：虽然每个人都有一个基于出生日期的年龄——“实足年龄”，但他们也有一个所谓的“生物年龄”，基于身体功能的衰老，受遗传、生活方式和其他因素的影响。have后接宾语从句，从句缺少主语，连接词为what。故填what。 【42题详解】 考查非谓语。句意：现在，研究人员表示，他们已经创建了一个衰老的数字模型，揭示了心理健康的重要性。空处为非谓语动词，与上文为主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填revealing。 【43题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：你的身体和灵魂是相连的，这是我们的主要信息。空处为非限制性定语从句，指代前面的整个句子做主语，关系代词为which。故填which。 【44题详解】 考查连接词。句意：虽然加尔金说这个数字只是一个估计，尤其是因为该模型假设绝望或恐惧等不同的感觉是相互独立的，但该研究强调，我们衰老的速度与我们的心理状态有很大关系。空处为主语从句，表示“多么”用how来引导。构成how+副词+主语+谓语。故填how。 【45题详解】 考查动名词。句意：他说:“照顾好自己的心理健康是减缓衰老速度的最大因素。to表示“对于”为介词，后接动名词作宾语。故填slowing。 【46题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：研究小组还报告说，吸烟的人预计会比不吸烟的同龄人老15个月，而生活在城市地区的人会比不吸烟的同龄人少5个月的生理年龄。本句在陈述事实，为一般现在时，主语people与谓语predict为被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are predicted。 【47题详解】 考查介词。句意：研究小组还报告说，吸烟的人预计会比不吸烟的同龄人老15个月，而生活在城市地区的人会比不吸烟的同龄人少5个月的生理年龄。表示“减少了”，用短语reduce…by。故填by。 【48题详解】 考查动名词。句意：同样，结婚会使一个人的生理年龄减少七个月。结婚为be marry，本句为动名词作主语。故填being married。 【49题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：但是，他说，孤立和孤独不太可能真的是比吸烟更严重的健康风险因素，而这项研究只研究了在某个时间点收集的数据。Collect发生的动词发生在looked之前，表示过去的过去，且主语data与collect为被动关系，所以本句为过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been collected。 【50题详解】 考查不定式。句意：在未来，通过多年的重复测试来测试这些预测是否能够实现将是很重要的。动词不定式作真正的主语，it作形式主语。故填to test。 Section C (10) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. avoided B. processed C. suited D. equal E. steer F. interfere G. understandably H. concentration I. thirst J. cabin K. unsettle Eating on a plane used to be common practice. But in the age of COVID-19, many passengers are ____51____ less inclined to remove their masks to take a mid-flight bite ― or to even have a snack at the airport. As a result, it’s more common to eat at home before embarking on a flight. Those with longer travel journeys may even eat a large meal to carry them through the day. Still, not all preflight eats are created ____52____. Tracy Lockwood Beckerman, a registered dietitian based in New York City, said it’s worth considering your overall health as you prep for travel, including what you eat and drink. “It’s important to eat foods that will keep your immune system strong, keep you hydrated and are easily digested before flying,” Beckerman said. So which foods are best ____53____ on a day when you’re traveling by plane? “It’s super common for dehydration to set in when flying, thanks to the lack of humidity and dry air in the ____54____,” Beckerman said. “That’s why it’s not the smartest to have a meal high in sodium (钠) the day before or morning of your flight.” Beckerman also advised going easy on the salt shaker, opting for snacks without added salt to avoid dehydration-related headaches. Alcohol consumption tends to cause dehydration and has a different effect on the body than if you were to have a drink at ground level due to the low pressure in the cabin and the low oxygen ____55____ in blood. Therefore you are more likely to get drunk faster and urinate frequently. A cup of coffee can leave you dehydrated in an already dry environment and coffee also has a mild diuretic effect, which can lead to more frequent trips to the bathroom. Beyond the dehydrating effects, caffeine can also keep you awake during a flight, which is often an opportunity to catch up on sleep. The need for more frequent bathroom visits can also ____56____ with your ability to doze during your travels. If you have a sensitive stomach, you might want to ____57____ clear of foods that can mess with your digestion. That includes highly ____58____ snacks like candy and fast food, which often contain ingredients that could ____59____ your digestive system. A balanced meal that satisfies your _____60_____ with water and hydrating fruits contains moderate amounts of complex carbohydrates and lean protein, and is low in added sugars and sodium is ideal. 【答案】51. G 52. D 53. A 54. J 55. H 56. F 57. E 58. B 59. K 60. I 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。在疫情时代，由于乘客对在飞机上及机场里摘下口罩进食的担忧，登机前在家吃饭变得越来越普遍，针对此现象，文章从营养师的角度给出了相应的饮食建议。 【51题详解】 考查副词。句意：但在COVID-19时代，可以理解的是，许多乘客不太愿意摘下口罩在飞行途中吃点东西，甚至不愿意在机场吃点零食。空处作修饰less inclined的成分，结合“in the age of COVID-19”和“less inclined to remove their masks to take a mid-flight bite”可推知，G项understandably“可理解地”符合题意，作状语，表示疫情期间这样的行为是可以理解的。故选G。 【52题详解】 考查形容词。句意：不过，并不是所有的飞行前饮食都是一样的。空处作补足语，结合“are created”可推知，D项equal“相同的”符合题意，表示并非所有这些饮食都是一样的。故选D。 【53题详解】 考查动词。句意：那么，当你坐飞机旅行时，哪些食物是最好避免的呢？空处和are构成句子的谓语，结合下文所给的避免特定食物或饮料的具体建议可知，A项avoided“避免”符合题意，构成一般现在时的被动语态，表示最好避免一些食物。故选A。 【54题详解】 考查名词。句意：贝克曼说：“由于机舱缺乏湿度且空气干燥，飞行时脱水是非常常见的。”空处作in的宾语，结合“when flying”可推知，J项cabin“机舱”符合题意，表示机舱中空气干燥。故选J。 【55题详解】 考查名词。句意：饮酒容易导致脱水，对身体的影响与在地面上喝酒不同，因为机舱内的气压低，血液中的氧浓度也低。空处作due to的宾语，结合“the low oxygen”和“in blood”可推知，H项concentration“浓度，含量”符合题意，表示血液中的氧浓度也低。故选H。 【56题详解】 考查动词。句意：频繁上厕所也会干扰你在旅行中打瞌睡的能力。空处和can构成句子的谓语，应用动词原形，结合“with your ability to doze during your travels”可推知，F项interfere“干涉，干扰”符合题意，构成固定短语interfere with，意为“干扰，妨碍”，表示会干扰你在旅行中打瞌睡的能力。故选F。 【57题详解】 考查动词。句意：如果你的胃很敏感，你可能要避开那些会扰乱你消化的食物。空处作want to的宾语，应用动词原形，结合“clear of foods”可推知，E项steer“引导，指导”符合题意，构成固定短语steer clear of，意为“避开”，表示避开那些会扰乱你消化的食物。故选E。 【58题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这包括高度加工的零食，如糖果和快餐，它们通常含有会扰乱你消化系统的成分。空处作修饰snacks的定语，且被highly修饰，结合“like candy and fast food”可推知，B项processed“经过加工的”符合题意，表示高度加工的零食。故选B。 【59题详解】 考查动词。句意：这包括高度加工的零食，如糖果和快餐，它们通常含有会扰乱你消化系统的成分。空处和could构成句子的谓语，应用动词原形，结合“like candy and fast food”和“your digestive system”可推知，K项unsettle“扰乱”符合题意，表示扰乱你消化系统。故选K。 【60题详解】 考查名词。句意：理想的膳食应该是平衡的，可以通过饮水和补水水果来解渴，其中含有适量的复杂碳水化合物和瘦肉蛋白，并且低添加糖和钠。空处作satisfies的宾语，结合“with water and hydrating fruits”可推知，I项thirst“口渴”符合题意，表示通过饮水和补水水果来解渴。故选I。 III. Reading Comprehension (45) Section A (15) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. AI can transform education for the better As students return to classrooms for the new year, it is striking to reflect on how little education has changed in recent decades. The sector remains a digital laggard (落后者). American schools and universities spend 2% and 5% of their budgets, ____61____, on technology, compared with 8% for the average American company. When the pandemic forced schools and universities to shut down, the moment for a digital ____62____ seemed close when the market value of online tutoring providers like Chegg and Byju’s both increased. However, once covid was brought under control, classes continued much as before. If the pandemic couldn’t overcome the education sector’s ____63____ to digital interruption, can artificial intelligence? ChatGPT-like generative AI, which can converse cleverly on varieties of subjects, certainly ____64____. So much so that educationalists began to ____65____ that students would use it to cheat on essays and homework. Increasingly, however, it is generating excitement as a means to provide ____66____ tutoring to various students and speed up boring tasks such as marking. Learners, for their part, are ____67____ the technology. Two-fifths of undergraduates reported using an AI chatbot to help them with their studies. Indeed, the technology’s popularity has raised awkward questions for companies like Chegg, which was losing customers ____68____ ChatGPT. Yet there are good reasons to believe that education specialists like Chegg who employ AI will eventually ____69____ generalists such as OpenAI, the maker of ChatGPT. For one, AI chatbots often talk nonsense, an unhelpful trait in an educational context. “Students want content from _____70_____ providers,” argues Kate Edwards, chief pedagogist at Pearson, a textbook publisher. The company has not allowed ChatGPT and other AIs to _____71_____ its material, but has instead used the content to train its own models, which it is embedding into its set of learning apps. _____72_____, as Chegg’s Mr Rosensweig argues, teaching is not merely about giving students an answer, but about presenting it in a way that helps them learn. Understanding pedagogy (教学法) thus gives education specialists an _____73_____. Pearson has designed its AI tools to _____74_____ students by breaking complex topics down, testing their understanding and providing quick feedback, says Ms Edwards. Byju’s is incorporating “forgetting curves” for students into the design of its AI tutoring tools, refreshing their memories at personalized _____75_____. Bringing AI to education will not be easy, but once answers on how to make use of this technology become clearer, such a development will certainly deserve top marks. 61. A. respectively B. appropriately C. totally D. ultimately 62. A. divide B. reverse C. boom D. withdrawal 63. A. tendency B. resistance C. attention D. anxiety 64. A. serve the purpose B. break the ice C. take the initiative D. do some good 65. A. maintain B. panic C. doubt D. wonder 66. A. personalized B. individualistic C. characteristic D. attentive 67. A. attempting B. declining C. opposing D. embracing 68. A. for B. under C. to D. in 69. A. detect B. transform C. overtake D. enhance 70. A. comprehensive B. advanced C. distinguished D. trusted 71. A. give away B. take in C. bring about D. hold up 72. A. By contrast B. Despite this C. What’s more D. As a result 73. A. applause B. edge C. hesitation D. improvement 74. A. convince B. engage C. capture D. challenge 75. A. intervals B. cost C. mercy D. best 【答案】61. A 62. C 63. B 64. A 65. B 66. A 67. D 68. C 69. C 70. D 71. B 72. C 73. B 74. B 75. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人工智能在教育领域的应用和发展前景。 【61题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：美国的学校和大学分别将预算的2%和5%用于技术，而美国公司的平均水平为8%。A. respectively分别地；B. appropriately适当地；C. totally完全地；D. ultimately最终地。根据“American schools and universities spend 2% and 5% of their budgets”可知，此处是指学校和大学分别的预算。故选A。 【62题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当疫情迫使学校和大学关闭时，在线辅导提供商Chegg和Byju等的市值都有所增加，数字化繁荣的时刻似乎已经来临。A. divide分歧；B. reverse反转；C. boom繁荣；D. withdrawal撤退。根据“the market value of online tutoring providers like Chegg and Byju’s both increased”可知，在线辅导的市值增加，这说明在线辅导繁荣发展。故选C。 【63题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果疫情无法克服教育部门对数字中断的抵制，人工智能能吗？A. tendency趋势；B. resistance抵制；C. attention注意力；D. anxiety焦虑。根据上文“If the pandemic couldn’t overcome the education sector’s ”可知，疫情无法克服教育部门对数字中断的抵制。故选B。 【64题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：像ChatGPT这样可以在各种主题上进行聪明对话的生成式人工智能当然可以。A. serve the purpose达到目的；B. break the ice打破僵局；C. take the initiative采取主动；D. do some good做一些好事。根据“So much so that educationalists began to… that students would use it to cheat on essays and homework.”可知，生成式人工智能可以在各种主题上进行聪明对话，可推理出此处是指生成式人工智能可以达到目的。故选A。 【65题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：以至于教育家们开始担心学生们会用它来在论文和作业上作弊。A. maintain维护；B. panic恐慌；C. doubt怀疑；D. wonder想知道。根据“that students would use it to cheat on essays and homework”可知，学生们会用ChatGPT来在论文和作业上作弊，这是指教育家们所担心的。故选B。 【66题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，它作为一种为各种学生提供个性化辅导并加快评分等枯燥任务的手段，正越来越令人兴奋。A. personalized个性化的；B. individualistic个人主义的；C. characteristic独特的；D. attentive注意的。根据上文“it is generating excitement as a means to provide”可知，它为各种学生提供个性化辅导。故选A。 【67题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：就学习者而言，他们正在接受这项技术。A. attempting尝试；B. declining下降；C. opposing反对；D. embracing拥抱。根据“Two-fifths of undergraduates reported using an AI chatbot to help them with their studies.”可知，五分之二的本科生报告称他们使用人工智能聊天机器人来帮助他们学习，这说明学习者正在接受这项技术。故选D。 【68题详解】 考查介词词义辨析。句意：事实上，该技术的普及给Chegg等公司带来了尴尬的问题，Chegg正在失去客户，客户都流向了ChatGPT。A. for因为；B. under在……下面；C. to向；D. in在……里面。根据上文“which was losing customers”以及下文“ChatGPT”可知，Chegg的客户都流向了ChatGPT。故选C。 【69题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，有充分的理由相信，像Chegg这样使用人工智能的教育专家最终将超越OpenAI等通用人工智能，OpenAI是ChatGPT 的制造商。A. detect察觉；B. transform改变；C. overtake超越；D. enhance增强。根据“generalists such as OpenAI, the maker of ChatGPT”和however可知，前后是转折关系，上文提到Chegg面临尴尬的问题，即其客户都流向ChatGPT，下文和上文是转折相反关系，应是指像Chegg这样使用人工智能的教育专家的好的一面，即它们将超越通用人工智能。故选C。 【70题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：学生希望从值得信赖的供应商那里获得内容。A. comprehensive综合的；B. advanced先进的；C. distinguished卓越的；D. trusted可信的。根据上文“For one, AI chatbots often talk nonsense, an unhelpful trait in an educational context.”以及下文“Providers”可知，人工智能聊天机器人经常胡言乱语，这在教育环境中是无益的，由此可推知，学生希望从值得信赖的供应商那里获得内容。故选D。 【71题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：该公司并未允许ChatGPT和其他人工智能系统使用其材料，而是利用这些内容来训练自己的模型，并将其嵌入到自己的学习应用程序套件中。A. give away赠送；B. take in接受；C. bring about引起；D. hold up举起。根据下文“but has instead used the content to train its own models, which it is embedding into its set of learning apps.”中的but可知，前后是转折关系，该公司是利用这些内容来训练自己的模型，并将其嵌入到自己的学习应用程序，而非允许ChatGPT使用其材料。故选B。 【72题详解】 考查固定短语辨析。句意：此外，正如Chegg的罗森茨威格先生所说，教学不仅仅是给学生一个答案，而是以一种帮助他们学习的方式呈现答案。A. By contrast相比之下；B. Despite this尽管如此；C. What’s more此外；D. As a result结果。根据“as Chegg’s Mr Rosensweig argues, teaching is not merely about giving students an answer, but about presenting it in a way that helps them learn.”可知，下文表示对前面所述内容的补充或强调。故选C。 【73题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，了解教学法为教育专家提供了优势。A. applause掌声；B. edge优势；C. hesitation犹豫；D. improvement改进。根据“Pearson has designed its AI tools to … students by breaking complex topics down, testing their understanding and providing quick feedback, says Ms Edwards.”可知，了解教学法为教育专家提供了优势。故选B。 【74题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：爱德华兹女士说，培生公司设计了人工智能工具，通过分解复杂的话题、测试学生的理解能力并提供快速反馈来吸引学生。A. convince使信服；B. engage吸引；C. capture捕捉；D. challenge挑战。根据上文“Pearson has designed its AI tools to ”可知，培生公司设计了人工智能工具是为了吸引学生。故选B。 【75题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Byju正在将针对学生的“遗忘曲线”纳入其人工智能辅导工具的设计中，以个性化的时间间隔刷新他们的记忆。A. intervals间隔；B. cost花费；C. mercy仁慈；D. best最好的事物（人）。根据 “Byju’s is incorporating “forgetting curves” for students into the design of its AI tutoring tools, refreshing their memories at personalized”可知，将针对学生的“遗忘曲线”纳入其人工智能辅导工具的设计中，这样能以个性化的时间间隔刷新学生的记忆。故选A。 Section B (22) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.　 (A) The train was at a standstill, some twenty minutes outside Kolkata, when an unexpected stroke of luck presented Piya with an opportunity to go for a seat beside a window for some fresh air. She had been sitting in the stuffiest part of the train compartment, on the edge of a bench: now, moving to the open window, she saw that the train had stopped at a station called Champahati. Looking over her shoulder, Piya spotted a tea-seller on the platform. Reaching through the bars of the window, she called him with a wave. She had never cared for the kind of chai, Indian tea, sold in Seattle, her hometown in the USA, but somehow, in the ten days she had spent in India she had developed an unexpected taste for milky, overboiled tea served in earthenware cups. There were no spices in it for one thing, and this was more to her taste than the chai at home. She paid for her tea and was trying to get in the cup through the bars when the man in the seat opposite her own suddenly turned over a page, jolting her hand. She turned her wrist quickly enough to make sure that most of the tea spilled out of the window, but she could not prevent some from spilling over his papers. “Oh, I’m so sorry!” Piya was very embarrassed: of everyone in the compartment, this was the last person she would have chosen to injure with her tea. She had noticed him while waiting on the platform in Kolkata and she had been struck by the self-satisfied tilt of his head and the way in which he stared at everyone around him, taking them in, sizing them up, sorting them all into their places. “Here,” said Piya, producing a handful of tissues. “Let me help you clean up.” “There’s nothing to be done,” he said testily (暴躁地). “These pages are ruined anyway.” For a moment she considered pointing out that it was he who had knocked her hand. But all she could bring herself to say was, “I’m very sorry. I hope you’ll excuse me.” “Do I really have a choice?” he said. “Does anyone have a choice when they’re dealing with Americans these days?” Piya had no wish to get into an argument so she let this pass. Instead, she opened her eyes wide and, in an attempt to restore peace, came out with, “But how did you guess?” “About what?” “About my being American? You’re very observant.” This seemed to do the trick. His shoulders relaxed as he leaned back in his seat. “I didn’t guess,” he said. “I knew.” 76. In the first paragraph, Piya was relieved when she got a window seat because it meant that_________. A. there was more room for her luggage B. she no longer had to suffer from a lack of air C. there was less chance that she would miss her stop D. she didn’t have to stand for the rest of the train journey 77. Piya found that the tea or chai she had drunk in India ________. A. was disappointingly weak in taste B. reminded her of her home in Seattle C. would have tasted better if served fresh D. was preferable to the chai she had had before 78. When Piya first saw the man she thought that ________. A. he was someone who was observant of surroundings B. he seemed to think he was better than other people C. he had tried to keep his distance from his fellow passengers D. he had been looking for someone he knew on the station platform 79. Piya asked “But how did you guess?” in order to _________. A. find out what the man really thought about Americans B. try to calm the situation down by starting a conversation C. ensure the man realized that she had apologized D. make sure the man knew he was being rude 【答案】76. B 77. D 78. B 79. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述了是美国小姑娘Piya在火车上的一次经历。 【76题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The train was at a standstill, some twenty minutes outside Kolkata, when an unexpected stroke of luck presented Piya with an opportunity to go for a seat beside a window for some fresh air. She had been sitting in the stuffiest part of the train compartment, on the edge of a bench, now, moving to the open window, she saw that the train had stopped at a station called Champahati. (火车停在离加尔各答大约二十分钟的地方，这时一个意外的机缘给了皮娅一个机会，她坐在靠窗的座位上呼吸新鲜空气。她一直坐在火车车厢最闷热的地方，坐在长凳边上，现在，她走到敞开的窗口，看到火车停在了一个叫Champahati的车站。)”可知，当Piya找到一个靠窗的座位时，她松了一口气，因为这意味着她再也不用忍受空气不足的痛苦了。故选B。 【77题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“She had never cared for the kind of chai, Indian tea, sold in Seattle, her hometown in the USA, but somehow, in the ten days she had spent in India she had developed an unexpected taste for milky, overboiled tea served in earthenware cups. There were no spices in it for one thing, and this was more to her taste than the chai at home.(她从来没有喜欢过在她的家乡美国西雅图出售的印度茶，但不知何故，在印度的十天里，她意外地喜欢上了用陶杯盛着的煮过的奶茶。首先，里面没有香料，这比家里的茶更合她的口味。)”可知，Piya发现她在印度喝的茶比她以前喝过的茶更美味。故选D。 【78题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“She had noticed him while waiting on the platform in Kolkata and she had been struck by the self-satisfied tilt of his head and the way in which he stared at everyone around him, taking them in, sizing them up, sorting them all into their places.(她是在加尔各答的月台上等车时注意到他的，他得意洋洋地歪着头，盯着周围每个人，打量着他们，把他们分门别类，给她留下了深刻的印象。)”可知，当皮娅第一次看到这个男人时，她觉得他似乎认为自己比别人好。故选B。 【79题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第四段“Piya had no wish to get into an argument so she let this pass. Instead, she opened her eyes wide and, in an attempt to restore peace, came out with, “But how did you guess?”(皮娅不想和别人争吵，所以她就不计较了。相反，她睁大了眼睛，试图恢复平静，说：“但是你是怎么猜到的？”)”以及最后一段“This seemed to do the trick. His shoulders relaxed as he leaned back in his seat.(这似乎奏效了。他向后靠在座位上，肩膀放松了下来。)”可知，Piya问“你是怎么猜的？”的目的是试图通过开始谈话来平息与男子之间紧张的局势。故选B。 (B) Our library offers different types of studying places and provides a good studying environment. Zones The library is divided into different zones. The upper floor is a quiet zone with over a thousand places for silent reading, and places where you can sit and work with your own computer. The reading places consist mostly of tables and chairs. The ground floor is the zone where you can talk. Here you can find sofas and armchairs for group work. Computers You can use your own computer to connect to the wi-fi specially prepared for notebook computers; you can also use library computers, which contain the most commonly used applications, such as Microsoft Office. They are situated (位于) in the area known as the Experimental Field on the ground floor. Group-study places If you want to discuss freely without disturbing others, you can book a study room or sit at a table on the ground floor. Some study rooms are for 2-3 people and others can hold up to 6-8 people. All rooms are marked on the library maps. There are 40 group-study rooms that must be booked via the website. To book, you need an active University account and a valid University card. You can use a room three hours per day, nine hours at most per week. Storage of Study Material The library has lockers for students to store course literature. When you have got at least 40 credits (学分), you may rent a locker and pay 400 SEK for a year’s rental period. Rules to be Followed Mobile phone conversations are not permitted anywhere in the library. Keep your phone on silent as if you were in a lecture and exit the library if you need to receive calls. Please note that food and fruit are forbidden in the library, but you are allowed to have drinks and sweets with you. 80. What can students do on the upper floor of the library? A. Chat at the table. B. Have group discussion. C. Relax themselves. D. Read attentively. 81. What is required if you want to reserve a group-study room? A. The application form. B. The marked library map. C. An active school account. D. The topic of the discussion. 82. How can a student rent a locker? A. By booking in advance. B. By attending enough courses. C. By paying the rental fee. D. By earning the required credits. 【答案】80. D 81. C 82. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了图书馆的不同分区。 【80题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The upper floor is a quiet zone with over a thousand places for silent reading, and places where you can sit and work with your own computer.( 楼上是一个安静的区域，有一千多个安静阅读的地方，你可以坐在那里用自己的电脑工作。) ”可知，在图书馆楼上，学生们可以专心阅读，故选D项。 【81题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三个标题下的第二段中“There are 40 group-study rooms that must be booked via the website. To book, you need an active University account and a valid University card.( 有40间集体自习室必须通过网站预订。要预订，您需要一个有效的大学账户和一张有效的大学卡。) ”可知，预定小组 学习室需要有效的大学账户，故选C项。 【82题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四个标题下“The library has lockers for students to store course literature. When you have got at least 40 credits(学分), you may rent a locker and pay 400 SEK for a year’s rental period.(图书馆有储物柜供学生存放课程资料。当你至少有40个学分时，你可以租一个储物柜，并支付400瑞典克朗的一年租金。) ”可知，学生想要租赁储物柜，要先获得足够的学分，故选D项。 (C) States will be able to force more people to pay sales tax when they make online purchases under a Supreme Court decision Thursday that will leave shoppers with lighter wallets but is a big financial win for states. The Supreme Court’s opinion Thursday overruled a pair of decades-old decisions that states said cost them billions of dollars in lost revenue annually. The decisions made it more difficult for states to collect sales tax on certain online purchases. The cases the court overturned said that if a business was shipping a customer’s purchase to a state where the business didn’t have a physical presence such as a warehouse or office, the business didn’t have to collect sales tax for the state. Customers were generally responsible for paying the sales tax to the state themselves if they weren’t charged it, but most didn’t realize they owed it and few paid. Justice Anthony Kennedy wrote that the previous decisions were flawed. “Each year the physical presence rule becomes further removed from economic reality and results in significant revenue losses to the States,” he wrote in an opinion joined by four other justices. Kennedy wrote that the rule “limited States’ ability to seek long-term prosperity and has prevented market participants from competing on an even playing field.” The ruling is a victory for big chains with a presence in many states, since they usually collect sales tax on online purchases already. Now, rivals will be charging sales tax where they hadn’t before. Big chains have been collecting sales tax nationwide because they typically have physical stores in whatever state a purchase is being shipped to. Amazon.com, with its network of warehouses, also collects sales tax in every state that charges it, though third-party sellers who use the site don’t have to. Until now, many sellers that have a physical presence in only a single state or a few states have been able to avoid charging sales taxes when they ship to addresses outside those states. Sellers that use eBay and Etsy, which provide platforms for smaller sellers, also haven’t been collecting sales tax nationwide. Under the ruling Thursday, states can pass laws requiring out-of-state sellers to collect the state’s sales tax from customers and send it to the state. Retail trade groups praised the ruling, saying it levels the playing field for local and online businesses. The losers, said retail analyst Neil Saunders, are online-only retailers, especially smaller ones. Those retailers may face headaches complying with various state sales tax laws. The Small Business & Entrepreneurship Council advocacy group said in a statement, “Small businesses and internet entrepreneurs are not well served at all by this decision.” 83. The Supreme Court decision Thursday will ______. A. better businesses’ relations with states B. put most online businesses in a dilemma C. make more online shoppers pay sales tax D. force some states to cut sales tax 84. It can be learned from paragraphs 2 and 3 that the overruled decisions ______. A. have led to the dominance of e-commerce B. have cost consumers a lot over the years C. were widely criticized by online purchasers D. were considered unfavorable by states 85. According to Justice Anthony Kennedy, the physical presence rule has ______. A. hindered economic development B. brought prosperity to the country C. harmed fair market competition D. boosted growth in states revenue 86. In dealing with the Supreme Court decision Thursday, the author ______. A. gives a factual account of it and discusses its consequences B. describes the long and complicated process of its making C. presents its main points with conflicting views on them D. cites some cases related to it and analyzes their implications 【答案】83. C 84. D 85. C 86. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国最高法院一项允许各州对更多在线购物收取销售税的决定，分析了其背景、影响以及各方反应。 【83题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“States will be able to force more people to pay sales tax when they make online purchases under a Supreme Court decision Thursday that will leave shoppers with lighter wallets but is a big financial win for states.(根据最高法院周四的一项裁决，各州将能够强制更多的人在网上购物时缴纳销售税，这将使购物者的钱包更轻，但对各州来说是一个巨大的财政胜利)”可知，最高法院周四的裁决将使更多网购者支付销售税。故选C。 【84题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“The Supreme Court’s opinion Thursday overruled a pair of decades-old decisions that states said cost them billions of dollars in lost revenue annually.(最高法院星期四的意见推翻了两项已有数十年历史的裁决，各州表示，这两项裁决每年造成数十亿美元的收入损失)”以及第三段的“The cases the court overturned said that if a business was shipping a customer’s purchase to a state where the business didn’t have a physical presence such as a warehouse or office, the business didn’t have to collect sales tax for the state. Customers were generally responsible for paying the sales tax to the state themselves if they weren’t charged it, but most didn’t realize they owed it and few paid.(法院推翻的案件称，如果一家企业将客户的购买品运往一个没有实体存在的州，如仓库或办公室，则该企业不必为该州征收销售税。如果没有向客户收取销售税，他们通常有责任自己向州政府支付，但大多数客户没有意识到他们欠了这笔税，很少有人支付)”可知，被推翻的决定导致州政府每年损失数十亿美元的收入，由此可推知，推翻的案件被认为是不利于州政府的。故选D。 【85题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段的“Kennedy wrote that the rule “limited States’ ability to seek long-term prosperity and has prevented market participants from competing on an even playing field.”(肯尼迪写道，该规则“限制了各国寻求长期繁荣的能力，并阻止了市场参与者在公平的竞争环境中竞争。”)”可知，肯尼迪认为实体存在规则限制了州寻求长期繁荣的能力，并阻碍了市场参与者在公平竞争环境中的竞争，即妨碍了经济发展。故选C。 【86题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章首先陈述了最高法院的这一裁决及其对消费者和州政府的影响（即更多网购需缴纳销售税，州政府收入增加），然后在后续段落中讨论了该裁决对不同商家群体（如大型连锁店、纯在线零售商、小型企业）的可能影响，由此可推知，在处理最高法院星期四的裁决时，作者对其进行了真实的描述并讨论了其后果。故选A。 Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Twilight of the Brands It's a truism of business-book thinking that a company's brand is its "most important asset," more valuable than technology or patents or manufacturing prowess．But brands have never been more fragile．The reason is simple: consumers are supremely well informed and far more likely to investigate the real value of products than to rely on logos． Absolute Value, a new book by Itamar Simonson and Emanuel Rosen shows that, historically, the rise of brands was a response to an information-poor environment．_______87_______ If a car was made by G.M, or a ketchup by Heinz, you assumed that it was pretty good．It was hard to figure out if a new product from an unfamiliar company was reliable or not, so brand loyalty was a way of reducing risk． Today, consumers can read much research about whatever they want to buy．This started back with Consumer Reports, which did objective studies of products．_______88_______ It has given ordinary consumers easy access to expert reviews, user reviews, and detailed product data, in an array of categories． A recent study found that eighty per cent of consumers look at online reviews before making major purchases, and a host of studies have logged the strong influence those reviews have on the decisions people make．_______89_______ An undesirable product can become a laughingstock（笑柄） in a matter of hours．In the old days, you might buy a Sony television set because you'd owned one before, or because you trusted the brand．Today, such considerations matter much less than reviews on Amazon and Engadget and CNET. As Simonson said, "each product how has to prove itself on its own．" It's been argued that in a world where consumers are overwhelmed with information, the information will actually make brands more valuable．Indeed, the role a brand plays in people's lives has become all the more important, But information overload is largely a myth．_______90_______ And this has made customer loyalty pretty much a thing of the past．Only twenty-five per cent of American respondents in a recent study said that brand loyalty affected how they shopped． A. But what really weakened the power of brands is the Internet． B. For consumers this is ideal: heightened competition has raised quality and held down prices． C. When consumers had to rely on advertisements and their past experience with a company, brands served as a guarantee for quality． D. A large quantity of consumers fail to get a great deal of information efficiently and effectively． E. The rise of social media has sped up the trend to an astonishing degree． F. Most consumers figure out how to find what they're looking for without spending huge amounts of time online． 【答案】87. C 88. A 89. E 90. F 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章对品牌忠诚度进行了研究，发现由于互联网，品牌忠诚度已成为过去。 【详解】1.前文“the rise of brands was a response to an information-poor environment”（品牌的崛起是对信息匮乏环境的回应）中的an information-poor environment对应选项C中的“When consumers had to rely on advertisements and their past experience with a company”，后文“If a car was made by G.M, or a ketchup by Heinz, you assumed that it was pretty good．”（如果汽车是通用公司生产的，或者番茄酱是亨氏公司生产的，你会认为它很好。）对应选项C中的“brands served as a guarantee for quality”，所以选项C（当消费者不得不依赖广告和他们过去与一家公司的经验时，品牌就成了质量的保证。）切合文意。故选C。 2.后文“It has given ordinary consumers easy access to expert reviews, user reviews, and detailed product data, in an array of categories．”（它让普通消费者可以方便地访问一系列类别的专家评论、用户评论和详细的产品数据。）对应选项A中的the Internet，因为普通消费者可以通过网络了解产品信息，所以不再依赖品牌，从而削弱了品牌的力量。所以选项A（但真正削弱品牌影响力的是互联网。）切合文意。故选A。 3.后文“An undesirable product can become a laughingstock（笑柄） in a matter of hours．”（一个不受欢迎的产品可能在几个小时内成为笑柄。）对应选项E中的has sped up the trend to an astonishing degree。所以选项E（社交媒体的兴起加速了这一趋势，达到了惊人的程度。）切合文意。故选E。 4.前文“But information overload is largely a myth．”（但信息过载在很大程度上是一个神话。）对应选项F（大多数消费者都知道如何在不花费大量时间上网的情况下找到他们想要的东西。），大多数消费者非常善于处理网络上的大量信息，所以信息过载并不是问题。后文“And this has made customer loyalty pretty much a thing of the past．”（这使得客户忠诚度几乎成为过去式。）中的this是指大多数消费者都知道如何在不花费大量时间上网的情况下找到他们想要的东西这件事。所以选项F切合文意。故选F。 IV. Translation (3+3+4+5= 15) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 91. 你越多练习武术，你就越能理解为什么它是一个值得传承的国之瑰宝。（the more…the more）(汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The more you practise martial arts, the better you will understand why it is a national treasure worth passing down. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句型和时态。根据提示，“the more…the more”为固定短语，意为“越……就越……”，表示一方的程度随着另一方的变化而变化，引导比较状语从句。根据句意可知，此处描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时。“练习武术”可译为practise martial arts；“你就越能理解”翻译为the better you will understand，使用一般将来时；“为什么它是一个值得传承的国之瑰宝”翻译为：why it is a national treasure worth passing down，why引导宾语从句，be worth doing是固定结构，表示“值得做某事”，pass down是固定短语，表示“传承”。故答案为The more you practise martial arts, the better you will understand why it is a national treasure worth passing down. 92. 在异国他乡，使我不能入乡随俗的不是文化差异，而是无法吃上一口我从小熟悉的上海菜。（familiar）(汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】In a foreign country, what prevents me from fitting into the locals/the new environment/going native was not the culture gap/difference, but the inability/failure to have a bite of Shanghai cuisine/food/dishes that I had been familiar with/that was familiar to me since childhood. 【解析】 【详解】考查主语从句以及定语从句。“在异国他乡”可以翻译为“in a foreign country”，为介词短语在句中作状语。句子为主系表结构，句子表示过去的事实，所以用一般过去时态。主语从句充当主语，“使我不能入乡随俗的”翻译为“what prevents me from fitting into the locals/the new environment/going native”，what引导主语从句，在从句中充当主语，prevent sb. from doing sth.“阻止某人做某事”。主语从句描述一般事实，所以用一般现在时态。not…but…“不是……而是……”；“文化差异”可以翻译为“the culture gap/difference”。the inability/failure to do sth.“无法做某事”，“吃上一口上海菜”可以翻译为“have a bite of Shanghai cuisine/food/dishes”，后面接定语从句修饰先行词cuisine/food/dishes，且可以在定语从句中作宾语，也可以做主语，所以用关系代词that引导；“某人熟悉某事”可以用短语“sb.be familiar with sth.”，“某事为某人所熟知”可以翻译为“sth.be familiar to sb.”“从小”可以翻译为“since childhood”，主句为一般过去时态，所以此处从句的时态为过去完成时，表示发生在过去的过去，所以定语从句可以翻译为“that I had been familiar with/that was familiar to me since childhood”。故翻译为In a foreign country, what prevents me from fitting into the locals/the new environment/going native was not the culture gap/difference, but the inability/failure to have a bite of Shanghai cuisine/food/dishes that I had been familiar with/that was familiar to me since childhood. 93. 我逐渐明白，颜宁之所以被世界认可并被授予杰出女科学家称号是因她对卓越的追求和对研究的投入。(dawn) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It dawned on me that Yan Ning was recognized worldwide and awarded the title of Outstanding Female Scientist due to her pursuit of excellence and her commitment/devotion to research. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词、名词、短语和固定句型。本句用一般过去时来陈述过去事实，表示“我逐渐明白”用固定句型It dawned on me that；表示“被世界认可”用be recognized worldwide，因为主语是第三人称单数所以be动词用was；表示“被授予杰出女科学家称号”可用be awarded the title of Outstanding Female Scientist，因为awarded与上文的recognized并列，所以此处省略be动词，用连词and来连接；表示“因为”可用短语due to；表示“她对卓越的追求”可用短语her pursuit of excellence；表示“对研究的投入”可用短语her commitment/devotion to research。故答案为It dawned on me that Yan Ning was recognized worldwide and awarded the title of Outstanding Female Scientist due to her pursuit of excellence and her commitment/devotion to research.  94. 那么多人报名参加city walk真是有些不可思议，这本是一个自我探究城市、自我放松的一个活动。(汉译英)（which） ___________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It’s incredible/unbelievable that so many people (should) sign up for citywalk, which is supposed to be a self-exploration of the city and self-relaxation. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句型和虚拟语气。表示“……不可思议”句型为It’s incredible/unbelievable that…，从句需用虚拟语气，谓语用should+动词原形，should可以省略；表示“那么多人”为so many people；表示“报名参加city walk”短语为sign up for citywalk；后跟which引导的非限制性定语从句；表示“本来”短语为be supposed to do sth.；表示“一个自我探究城市、自我放松的一个活动”翻译为be a self-exploration of the city and self-relaxation。为一般现在时。故翻译为It’s incredible/unbelievable that so many people (should) sign up for citywalk, which is supposed to be a self-exploration of the city and self-relaxation. V．Guided Writing (25%) 95. 你是天镇中学的高一学生黎明。学校拟采购添置一批设备物资，用于改善学生的校园生活品质。校方提供了三个物品选项，征求全体学生的意见。请给校长写封信，就“最值得购买的物品”提出自己的看法，并说明理由。 1 自动贩卖机 vending machine 2 空调 air-conditioner 3 微波炉 microwave oven _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Dear Principal, As a freshman, I really appreciate the initiative to enhance our campus life through new acquisitions. Among the options presented—vending machines, air conditioners, and microwave ovens—I firmly advocate for the installation of air conditioners. The rationale behind this choice is that, while vending machines and microwave ovens offer convenience, they do not address the fundamental issue of thermal comfort, which is paramount for academic success. As we all know, the comfort of a regulated temperature is crucial for our learning environment, especially during extreme weather conditions. Therefore, by ensuring a comfortable classroom temperature, air conditioners will not only improve our concentration but also foster a healthier and more productive learning atmosphere. Thank you for considering my perspective. Yours sincerely, Li Ming 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。题目要求学生以黎明的身份，给校长写信，就学校物资的采购发表意见，从所给的三个物品选项中选出自己认为最值得购买的物品，并说明理由。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 改善：enhance→improve 解决：address→handle, tackle 至关重要的：paramount→principal 确保：ensure→guarantee 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Among the options presented—vending machines, air conditioners, and microwave ovens—I firmly advocate for the installation of air conditioners. 拓展句：Among the options presented—vending machines, air conditioners, and microwave ovens—I firmly advocate that our school should install air conditioners. 【点睛】[高分句型1] The rationale behind this choice is that, while vending machines and microwave ovens offer convenience, they do not address the fundamental issue of thermal comfort, which is paramount for academic success. (运用了that引导表语从句、while引导让步状语从句、which引导非限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] As we all know, the comfort of a regulated temperature is crucial for our learning environment, especially during extreme weather conditions. (运用了as引导非限制性定语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$null