专题16 阅读理解CD篇精准练18篇-2023-2024学年下学期高二英语期终考试备考宝典

《2023-2024学年下学期高二英语期终考试备考宝典》 专题16 阅读理解CD篇精准练18篇 原卷版 一、阅读理解说明文细节理解题注意落实“定位原文”和“同义替换”技巧。 二、数据计算题注重“原文定位”和“细节理解”，弄清来龙去脉再计算。 三、重视说明文“倒三角形”结构，特别是首段和段首的独特引领作用。 四、标题概括题重视三性：概括性、简洁性和新颖性；同时联系首段和关键词。 五、说明文长难句较多增加了理解的难度，落实“括号法”-（从句）（非谓语）（介词短语）。 六、规范训练目标：做标记，留痕迹；零失误；限时6-8分钟/每篇。 （23-24高二下·北京通州·期中）According to a new Agriculture Department report, U. S. forests could exacerbate global warming because they are being destroyed by natural disasters and are losing their ability to absorb planet-warming gases as they get older. The report predicts that the ability of forests to absorb carbon will start declining after 2025 and that forests could release up to 100 million metric tons of carbon a year as their emissions (排放) from decaying (腐烂的) trees go beyond their carbon absorption. Forests could become a “substantial carbon source” by 2070, the USDA report says. The loss of carbon absorption is driven in part by natural disasters such as wildfires, tornadoes and hurricanes, which are increasing in frequency and strength as global temperatures rise. The disasters destroy forestland, destroying their ecosystem and decreasing their ability to absorb carbon, according to Lynn Riley, a senior manager of climate science at the American Forest Foundation. Aging forests also contribute. The report found that older, mature trees absorb less carbon than younger trees of the same species, and U. S. forests are rapidly aging. This trend is likely to continue, as forests come under increasing threat from climate change and exploitation (开采). The typical tropical (热带的) forest may become a carbon source by the 2060s, according to Simon Lewis, professor in the school of geography at Leeds University. “Humans have been lucky so far, as tropical forests are cleaning up lots of our pollution, but they can’t keep doing that indefinitely,” he said. “We need to cut down fossil fuel emissions before the global carbon cycle starts working against us.” U. S. forests currently absorb 11 percent of U. S. carbon emissions, or 150 million metric tons of carbon a year, equal to the combined emissions from 40 coal power plants, according to the report. The loss of forests as natural carbon absorbers will require the U. S. to cut emissions more rapidly to reach net zero. “As we work to decarbonize (碳减排), forests are one of the greatest tools at our handling. If we were to lose that, it means we will contribute that much more in emissions.” Riley said. 1．What does the underlined word “exacerbate” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Relieve. B．Worsen. C．Address. D．Measure. 2．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The key role of forests in the ecosystem. B．The consequences of frequent natural disasters. C．The impact of rising global temperatures on forests. D．The reasons for forests’ declining ability to absorb carbon. 3．What does Simon Lew is suggest? A．Reducing fossil fuel emissions. B．Dealing with decaying trees in time. C．Planting younger trees on a large scale. D．Limiting the exploitation of forest resources. 4．What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph? A．To stress the significance of forests. B．To offer suggestions on forest management. C．To present the efforts the U. S. has made to reach net zero. D．To show the increasing carbon emissions from coal power plants. （23-24高二下·浙江·期中）You’ll boost your brainpower if you brave the unknown, says our memory expert, Jonathan Hancock. There’s a lot to cope with when you go off to university, and the academic work is just the start. There are new friends to meet, new opportunities to choose between, new responsibilities to accept... and, for most students, a completely new city to explore. We recently drove our daughter Evie 150 miles to start life as a fresher. It was a struggle to find the car park, let alone navigate the maze of corridors that led to her room. Before we left that evening, we’d taken her to the local supermarket, and we knew that she had flatmates and phone apps to get her orientated. But the scale of the challenge ahead was clear — to find her way in an unfamiliar world. The good news for Evie — and learners everywhere is that exploring new habitats is hugely beneficial to memory. In a recent study, volunteers walked around a simulated forest environment. Then some of them took the same walk again, while others explored a different forest. And that second group performed significantly better in memory tests straight after. According to the researchers, that was because navigating the new environment stimulated their dopamine (多巴胺) systems-setting up their brains for learning. So leaving home to study for a degree makes perfect sense. What’s more, young minds seem to gain most from being in strange surroundings. But we may all be able to gain some of the benefits, even if it’s just by stimulating our senses and challenging our thinking skills. Here are three things to try: (1) Go somewhere new to tackle an upcoming learning task—like memorizing a speech in the library or revising for an exam on a park bench — and take an unfamiliar route to get there. (2) Play video games that get you moving through new landscapes. Then see whether it improves your success with other learning tasks, like practising a dance or mastering phrases for a foreign trip. (3) Get lost in your imagination! To warm yourself up for learning, picture a city you know well, but imagine you’re stranded in a part of it that you’ve never visited. Then try to fancy exactly how you’ll get out. 5．What happened when they sent their daughter to her school according to Paragraph 3? A．They found a park for all their efforts. B．They were new to the surroundings. C．They got lost in the maze of corridors. D．They had no phone apps to rely on. 6．According to the passage, which is not a good way to boost your brain power? A．Taking an unfamiliar route to go home. B．Playing some video games that help you explore new surroundings. C．Getting addicted to playing video games before revising for the exam. D．Imagining yourself getting out of a new city before memorizing a speech. 7．Why did the second group in the study perform better in memory tests? A．Because their dopamine systems were activated. B．Because they entered the same environment twice. C．Because they had flatmates and phone apps to help them. D．Because they walked around a simulated forest environment. 8．What is the main idea of the article? A．The need for finding parking spaces in unfamiliar cities. B．The impact of exploring a new environment on our minds. C．The benefits of playing video games for improving learning tasks. D．The significance of picturing familiar cities for memory enhancement. （23-24高二下·吉林·阶段练习）The production of the cement (水泥) used in concrete is a major contributor to worldwide CO2 emissions. Since we use it a lot in building things, this is a serious problem. But there’s good news: Scientists have made a new kind of concrete that can trap CO2 instead of letting it out. It is a greener way to build things. The concrete is made by D Company, cooperating with other companies, and is named G-concrete. Here’s how it’s made: A special cement mixture is placed in a curing chamber (养护室) and CO2 is then pumped into the chamber to be absorbed. The absorbed CO2 is then stuck inside the concrete, and will not be released. Crucially, it’s also just as strong as regular concrete. “Generally, concrete hardens through a chemical reaction between cement and water,” the company explains. “But in G-concrete, over half the cement is replaced with a material we call γ-C2S. Instead of reacting with water, γ-C2S reacts with the CO2 in the air to harden. After mixing the materials needed to create G-concrete, the concrete can be placed in a location with high CO2 levels so it can absorb the CO2 and harden, trapping the gas inside. For example, a thermal power plant (发电厂) or other facilities that produce carbon-heavy waste gases can redirect the gases into a special chamber, where concrete products made with G-concrete can be placed to absorb the CO2 in the gases.” Obviously, greener concrete is a good thing in itself. And under the right conditions, this could be used to create net-zero buildings, but if it’s not affordable and practical to produce, it’s not going to be widely adopted. On that note, signs are actually quite hopeful. A representative of the company told us that the cost of producing G-concrete is about three times higher than standard concrete currently used. Work is being undertaken on further reducing this cost and the company believes it will become a lot more affordable in the near future. 9．What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．Cement production. B．Building construction. C．CO2 emission. D．Concrete use. 10．What do we know about G-concrete? A．It is environmentally friendly. B．It is produced in thermal power plant. C．It is harder than regular concrete. D．It is replaced by a cement mixture. 11．What should be mainly considered before using the greener concrete widely? A．Practical function. B．Production cost. C．Marketing strategy. D．Gas emission. 12．What is the best title for the text? A．The Chemical Reaction Behind Concrete Hardening B．G-concrete: A New CO2-absorbing Building Material C．The Environmental Impact Of Traditional Cement Production D．The Economic Possibility Of The Building Material—G-concrete （23-24高二下·浙江绍兴·期中）In a world where nearly 6 million fingerprint records of government employees are stolen in one computer hack, and where millions of people are victims of identity theft every year, the next step in cyber-security may well be mapping your brain. Researchers at Binghamton University are working on a biometric (生物特征的) system that records how your brain reacts to certain images. With a little more polishing, the scientists’ brainchild could become the way you get into a safe deposit box, your office or past scanners at the airport. It could replace the password for your online banking, your e-mail or your social media accounts. They started their project by measuring the brain waves of 30 subjects. The subjects were fitted with a cap that had 30 electrodes attached to it, and then shown various images and symbols — celebrity faces, words, pictures of food — on a computer screen in 200-millisecond bursts. The brain’s reaction was recorded. The idea is that every time a person needs to use a “password”, he or she goes through the same procedure, and the results are matched to their first-time reaction. If the “brainprint” is cracked — like what happened to the fingerprint records — then the system is merely reset by running another set of images and collecting a different set of brain waves.“Even if that was stolen, you could just cancel it and record one to something else”, says professor Laszlo. Laszlo and her team have shown that their system can be 100 per cent accurate. So one of the most difficult parts of making the system practical already has been overcome. Now, they’re spending much time recording accurate brainprints with as few as three electrodes, which could make recording in the future as easy as wearing a pair of special glasses. They’re also working with cheaper materials and different methods to see if they can bring the cost down. 13．What does the underlined word “brainchild” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．The brain function. B．The biometric system. C．The fingerprint record. D．The online password. 14．Why were the images and symbols shown to the subjects? A．To match brainprints with pictures. B．To check the brain’s reaction. C．To create their brainprints. D．To connect brain waves to electrodes. 15．What will happen when a brainprint fails? A．A new one will be set again. B．A spare one will be ready beforehand. C．The users’ security will be threatened. D．The fingerprint record will replace it. 16．What are the researchers doing with the programme now? A．Improving its accuracy. B．Making it user-friendly. C．Recording more brainprints. D．Increasing the number of electrodes. （23-24高二下·山东青岛·阶段练习）More than one-third of the world‘s food is wasted or thrown away, most of which ends up in landfills, producing very large amounts of planet-warming greenhouse gases. Now, many studies show that it is becoming harder to grow enough food to feed an increasing population due to climate change and soil degradation. But one of the most promising and simplest solutions lies in the problem itself: this wasted food — if composted (制堆肥) —— could slow climate change and improve soil quality. Higher-quality soil also continues to absorb more carbon from the atmosphere, helping to improve plants and contributing further to fighting climate change. Returning one ton of organic matter to each hectare of soil would increase the production of cereal crops each year in Africa, Asia and South America by millions of tons. While it is true that people can compost in their yards, community gardens, or even on their kitchen counters, larger-scale efforts, including infrastructure (基础设施) and incentives (激励) for consumers, would take it to the next level. Imagine if consumers could just leave unwanted food in a roadside bin for pickup, or drop it off at a local store, earning a few cents a bucket, just like what has been offered for recycling bottles or newspapers. Moreover, in the case of composting, the payment incentive system would be great because the end-product of compost can be sold to farmers, making it an economically workable model, something that is often lacking in recycling, especially for certain materials, like many types of plastics. Eventually, more widespread composting of food would pave the way for solutions to additional waste challenges, such as the disposal of packaging and clothing. This will have other positive effects as well; if more consumers compost, companies will be more inspired to make and use compostable packaging, clothing, and other products. While more compostable items are starting to emerge today, additional composting will further drive demand and innovation, and offer a game-changing solution for the planet. 17．What can be concluded from paragraph 1? A．The great impact of climate change on food. B．The burden of population growth on the planet. C．The uneven distribution of food around the world. D．The urgency of properly dealing with wasted food. 18．What can be learned about the approach to composting wasted food? A．It is only workable on a small scale. B．It would take a long term to have an effect. C．It may raise people’s awareness of reducing food waste. D．It requires comprehensive efforts to achieve a better effect. 19．What does the author think of the payment incentive system of composting food? A．It is highly profitable. B．It is easy to carry out. C．It is a sustainable economic cycle pattern. D．It is more effective than other recycling systems. 20．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．How Wasted Food Could Be Reduced B．How Wasted Food Could Impact Humans C．How Wasted Food Could Save the Planet D．How Wasted Food Could Become a Business （23-24高二下·内蒙古呼和浩特·期中）The Amazon rainforest, is as undisturbed a place as most people can imagine, but even there, the effects of a changing climate are playing out. Now, research suggests that many of the region’s most sensitive bird species are starting to evolve in response to warming. Birds are often considered sentinel（哨兵）species — meaning that they indicate the overall health of an ecosystem — so scientists are particularly interested in how they’re responding to climate change. In general, the news has not been good. For instance, a 2019 report by the National Audubon Society found that more than two-thirds of North America’s bird species will be in danger of extinction by 2100 if warming trends continue on their current course. For the new study, researchers collected the biggest dataset so far on the Amazon’s resident birds, representing 77 non-migratory species and lasting the 40 years from 1979 to 2019. During the study period, the average temperature in the region rose, while the amount of rainfall declined, making for a hotter, dryer climate overall. According to the report on November 12 in the journal Science Advances, 36 species have lost substantial weight, as much as 2 percent of their body weight per decade since 1980. Meanwhile, all the species showed some decrease in average body mass, while a third grew longer wings. Because of the study's long time series and large sample sizes, the authors were able to show the morphological（形态学的）effects of climate change on resident birds. However, the researchers themselves are unsure and wonder what advantage the wing length changes give the birds, but suppose smaller birds may have an easier time keeping cool. In general, smaller animals have a larger rate of surface area to body size, so they dissipate（散发）more heat faster than a bigger animal. Less available food, such as fruit or insects, in dryer weather might lead to smaller body size. 21．Why are scientists fond of doing research on birds? A．They have small body sizes. B．They are sensitive to hot weather. C．They live in an undisturbed rainforest. D．They are ecological balance indicators. 22．What can we learn from the new study? A．A third of species have been extinct for a decade. B．36 species lost 2%of their body weight every year. C．Two-thirds of species showed a considerable decrease in weight. D．About 26 species responded to climate change with longer wings. 23．The passage most probably comes from? A．A news report B．An autobiography C．An academic article D．A nature magazine 24．What would probably the researchers further study? A．Why it is easier for smaller animals to keep cool. B．What effects the wing length changes have on birds. C．Why the Amazonian birds have lost substantial weight. D．Whether bird species in North America will be extinct in 2100. （23-24高二下·内蒙古呼和浩特·期中）Metal-organic frameworks（MOFs）are compounds（化合物）that are set to solve some tough challenges: producing water in the desert, removing greenhouse gases from the air and storing dangerous gases more safely. The desert in Arizona is really dry. Anyone stuck in it without water would die from dehydration（脱水）within three days unless he had one of Omar Yaghi's next-generation water harvesters, who is a chemist at University of California, Berkeley. Although daytime humidity（湿度） is only about 10 percent, this rises to 40 percent at night, which means there's enough water in the atmosphere to support life——if it can be transformed into the liquid form. That's exactly what Yaghi's invention does. It's about the size of a small microwave oven, designed to suck water from the air at night and turn it into drinking water the next day using only the heat of the sun as its power source. What makes it work is a special material called a MOF, which at normal temperatures attracts water molecules（分子）onto the surface of its internal small holes. Warm it up and you can get the water, and each harvester produces one third of a cup of pure drinking water. “A device about the size of a washing machine could produce enough water for the basic needs of a household，"says Yaghi. These crystalline（结晶的）groups of metals linked by organic molecules can be made into materials with an extremely high absorption ability, attracting specific molecules to their surfaces. In this way, MOFs cling to a variety of liquids and gases. MOFs work thanks to their distinctive structures. In fact, one MOF about the size of a sugar cube has so many small holes that they would cover an area as large as six football fields. MOFs are also extremely stable, light and have many different uses: Their molecular structures can be varied to attract specific molecules. Adding a small amount of heat or pressure causes the MOF to give what it's holding. More than 70,000 different MOFs have been produced for various applications. 25．Why is the desert in Arizona mentioned in the second paragraph? A．To introduce water harvesters. B．To stress the importance of water. C．To show the severity of its condition. D．To express the urgent need for water there. 26．What plays a vital role in water harvesters? A．Solar energy. B．Water molecules. C．Metal-organic frameworks. D．Internal small holes. 27．Which can explain the underlined phrase “cling to” in Paragraph 4? A．Refer to B．Tend to C．Hold on to D．Turn into 28．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The introduction to the MOF technology. B．The future of the MOF technology. C．The improvement to the MOF technology. D．The functions of the MOF technology. （23-24高二下·辽宁·阶段练习）Parenting roles evolve from the full control and safekeeping of a young baby to the delicate dance between independence and guidance in adolescence (青春期). Eventually, our children become adults, and if we are lucky, we will have lifelong friendships with them. Play is a key element of friendship with children. With babies and very young children, we play with them, engaging in back-and-forth activities. They often start the game, and we join in. They pull us into play, and we love it. In the language of experts who research children from birth to 3 years old, we express delight in these interactions. But delight often hits a snag when our children learn how to say “no”. From this point onward — into adolescence — we focus on getting children to behave. We tend to be the parent, not the friend, often saying “because I said so”. Highlighting our role as taskmasters limits our parenting tools. If we can leave time and space for child-driven play and activities — without adult demands or expectations — we can return to delight. These friendly interactions expand our relationship with our children. It’s not the same as peer friendship, but we are being friends. Beyond play, the other foundational component of parent friendship is the child-directed conversation. Maintaining a friendly, non-judgmental standpoint in conversation with your kids can provide you with a world of trust and engagement. Being quiet and not saying anything are undervalued parenting tools. Instead, we can keep our ears open for informal chatter and then listen with intention and presence. And it’s usually best if we don’t offer ad vice unless asked for it. Being curious and compassionate and listening deeply to their stories and worries build emotional bonds, maintain communication, and produce trust, which sounds like friendship. In my experience as a child, a parent, and a child psychiatrist, I think we can be more than command-and-control. And I firmly believe that we can treat children with affection and respect, as companions. 29．What does the underlined word “snag” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Misjudgement. B．Demand. C．Challenge. D．Response. 30．What is a parent advised to do in a child-directed conversation? A．Be a deep listener. B．Start the topic of a talk. C．Never make any comments. D．Avoid any informal chatter. 31．What is the author’s attitude towards developing companionship with children? A．Doubtful. B．Approving. C．Unclear. D．Negative. 32．What is the suitable title for the text? A．Parent-child Friendship Bonds B．Lifelong Parent-child Relationship C．Fundamental Elements of Friendship D．Parenting Roles in Children’s Growth （23-24高二下·吉林·阶段练习）Imagine playing a racing game, using only your brain to control the complex series of turns in a lap. This is not a video game fantasy, but a real program, which engineers at the University of Texas at Austin have created as part of research into brain-computer interfaces (接口) to help improve the lives of people with motor disabilities. More importantly, the researchers combined machine learning capabilities with their brain-computer interface, making it a one-size-fits-all solution. Typically, these devices require much calibration (校准) for each user-every brain is different, both for healthy and disabled users—and that has been a major barrier to widespread adoption. This new solution can quickly understand the needs of an individual subject and self-calibrate through repetition. That means multiple patients could use the device without needing to adjust it to the individual. “When we think about this in a clinical setting, this technology will make it so we won’t need a specialized team to do this calibration process, which is long and boring,” said Satyam Kumar, a graduate student in the lab of José del R. Millán, a professor in the Cockrell School of Engineering’s Chandra Family Department of Electrical.“It will be much faster to move from patient to patient.” People in the study wear a special cap with tiny sensors that link up to a computer. These sensors pick up brain waves. The sensors send brain waves to a device, which can decode brain waves and then change them into game actions. Millán is working on ways for computers to talk to the brain. This helps people’s brains be more adaptable, meaning they can learn new things and heal after injuries. The goal is to help patients with brain problems and make using these brain-computer devices simpler and more helpful. “The point of this technology is to help people in their everyday lives,” said Millán. “We’ll continue down this path wherever it takes us in the pursuit of helping people.” 33．Who may benefit from the brain-computer interfaces? A．People fond of video games. B．People working with computers. C．People with poor computer skills. D．People with limited ability to move. 34．What is blocking the widespread use of these devices? A．Their too many functions. B．Complex operation method. C．Calibration for different users. D．The need of an individual subject. 35．What does the underlined word “decode” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Occupy. B．Translate. C．Interrupt. D．Distract. 36．What does Millán think of this technology? A．It costs too much. B．It is a piece of cake. C．It takes nowhere. D．It’s meaningful. （23-24高二下·山东烟台·期中）A new study finds the body undergoes significant, systematic changes across multiple organs during prolonged periods of fasting, demonstrating evidence of health benefits beyond weight loss. It also shows any potential health-transforming changes appear to occur only after three days without food. Over centuries, humans have developed the ability to survive without food for long. Fasting is practiced by people worldwide for different medical and cultural purposes. During fasting, the body changes its source and type of energy, switching from consumed calories to using its own fat stores. However, beyond this change in fuel sources, little is known about how the body responds to prolonged periods without food. Novel techniques allowing researchers to measure thousands of proteins (蛋白质) in our blood provide the opportunity to systematically study molecular(分子) adaptions to fasting in great detail. Researchers followed 12 healthy volunteers participating in a seven-day water-only fast. The volunteers were monitored closely on a daily basis to record changes in the levels of around 3, 000 proteins in their blood before, during, and after the fast. By identifying which proteins are involved in the body’s response, the researchers could then predict potential health outcomes of prolonged fasting by analyzing information from numerous studies. As expected, the researchers observed the body switching energy sources within the first three days of fasting. The volunteers lost an average of 5.7 kg of both fat mass and lean (瘦肉)mass. After three days of eating after fasting, the weight stayed off—the loss of lean was almost completely recovered, but the fat mass stayed off. For the first time, the researchers observed the body undergoing distinct changes in protein levels after three days of fasting—indicating a whole-body response to complete calorie restriction. Overall, one in three of the proteins measured changed significantly during fasting across all major organs. These changes were consistent across the volunteers. Head of the research Claudia Langenberg said, “Our results provide solid evidence for the health benefits of fasting beyond weight loss, but these were only visible after three days of total caloric restriction—later than we previously thought.” 37．What does the study focus on? A．Health benefits of nutrient intake. B．Links between dieting and culture. C．Maximum duration of human fasting. D．Effects of skipping food on health. 38．What enables researchers to identify multi-organ response to fasting on. a molecular level? A．Enthusiastic participants. B．Emerging testing means. C．Deep-rooted belief in fasting. D．Historical records of fasting. 39．What happens to the body after three food-free days? A．Certain proteins are shifted. B．The weight remains unchanged. C．Lean mass returned to normal. D．Fat mass substantially increases. 40．How may Claudia feel about their study outcomes? A．Satisfied. B．Confused. C．Regretful. D．Embarrassed. （23-24高二下·山东菏泽·期中）Impatience often takes hold of us as we approach a pedestrian crosswalk (人行横道), especially when we are in a hurry and see that small button on the pole. We press it repeatedly, hoping our persistence will some how magically change the signal from “Stop” to “Walk” in seconds. However, a video, shared by a traffic signal technician on the media, reveals a surprising fact. Actually, every time you press the pedestrian crosswalk button, it sends a “call” signal to the traffic control system, which indicates that a pedestrian is waiting to cross the street. The traffic system acknowledges this call on time, placing it in a queue until the appropriate time to change the crosswalk signal arises. No matter how many times you press the button, the system will automatically reset it to its initial state once the call has been answered. So the number of times you press the button doesn’t affect the speed at which you receive the green “Walk” signal. However, it is worth noting that the function of pedestrian crosswalk buttons can vary from place to place. In some regions, pedestrian crosswalks are programmed not to respond primarily to button presses during the day. Only in the evening, the buttons come into play, allowing pedestrians to bring about a change in the signal. In other areas, some of these buttons are equipped to assist people with disabilities. When activated, they might produce audible (可听的) signals to indicate when it is safe to cross. Some viewers admitted to pressing them multiple times, even if they knew their actions didn’t change anything. They enjoyed the act of pushing the button as a form of interactive engagement while waiting. Others remained doubtful, viewing the buttons as something designed to comfort impatient pedestrians. Additionally, the video publisher offers forward-thinking suggestions for improving crosswalk systems. These ideas include the use of advanced sensors and adaptive algorithms (算法), which could enhance both efficiency and pedestrian safety. Smarter crosswalks could significantly benefit pedestrians and drivers alike. 41．What truth does the video reveal? A．Pedestrian crosswalk buttons are appealing to many people. B．The traffic system tends to function well in most situations. C．Traffic lights play a role in maintaining smooth traffic flow. D．Additional button presses will not influence your waiting time. 42．What do we know about pedestrian crosswalk buttons? A．They are insensitive to slight presses. B．They are easily interrupted at times. C．They may serve different purposes. D．They are friendly to the disabled. 43．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The true function of the pedestrian crosswalk button. B．The correct way to press the pedestrian crosswalk button. C．Viewers’ ways to kill time when waiting for the green light. D．Viewers’ different opinions on the pedestrian crosswalk button. 44．What does the video publisher think of crosswalk systems? A．They should be friendlier to drivers. B．They still have room for improvement. C．They are a force for technical advances. D．They are the key to ensuring traffic safety. （23-24高二下·四川凉山·期中）The release of OpenAI’s Sora text-to-video AI tool last month was met with a mix of worries and excitement from researchers who are concerned about misuse of the technology. The California-based company showcased Sora’s ability to create photorealistic (超级现实主义的) videos from a few short text prompts (提示词), with examples including clips of a woman walking down a neon-lit (霓虹灯闪烁的) street in Tokyo and a dog jumping between two windowsills. Tracy Harwood, a digital-culture specialist at De Montfort University in Leicester, UK, says she is “shocked” by the speed at which text-to-video artificial intelligence (AI) has developed. A year ago, people were laughing at an AI-produced video of the US actor Will Smith eating spaghetti. Now some researchers are worried that the technology could upend global politics in 2024. OpenAI, which also developed ChatGPT and the text-to-image technology DALL·E, first released Sora on 15 February, announcing that it was making the technology “available to red teamers to assess critical areas for harms or risks”. Red teaming’ refers to the process of conducting simulated attacks (模拟攻击) or exploration of a technology to see how it would cope with criminal activity, such as the creation of misinformation and hateful content, in the real world. Sora isn’t the first example of text-to-video technology; others include Gen-2, produced by Runway in New York City and released last year, and the Google-led Lumiere, announced in January. Harwood says she has been “underwhelmed” by some of these other products. “They are becoming more and more ordinary in what they present to you,” she says, adding that the programs require very specific prompts to get them to produce compelling (引人入胜的，可信的) content. Misinformation is a major challenge for these text-to-video technologies, Harwood adds. “We’re going to very quickly reach a point in which we are flooded with a barrage of (一连串) really compelling-looking information. That’s really worrying.” 45．Why did some researchers worry about the the release of Sora? A．Because the videos Sora creates will be untrue. B．Because Sora needs many prompts to create videos. C．Because they are worried about the misuse of technology. D．Because they don’t have ability to create videos themselves. 46．What does the underlined word “upend” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Overturn. B．Update. C．Overcome. D．Disturb 47．What can we know about Sora from the passage? A．Sora is the first example of its kind. B．Sora may be helpful in real world. C．Sora is flooded with misinformation. D．Sora is an ordinary product of its kind. 48．What does the text mainly talk about? A．The release of Sora raised questions. B．Sora is a new t hreat to global politics. C．Sora becomes a vital tool to create videos. D．Misinformation is a major challenge for Sora. （23-24高二下·四川凉山·期中）In human behavioral science, bandwagon effect is a cognitive bias (认知偏见) where people assume that an idea or belief is true because many or most others believe in it or have adopted it. As many people already support the belief others also “join the bandwagon” and do not consider questioning the decision or if there is evidence supporting the same. Cognitive biases help people think and reason more quickly, but there is a high possibility of making mistakes. For example, when talk shows in the west had hosts wearing suits, other people started following the same trend regardless of their working conditions and climate. In India, we have climates ranging from warm to extremely hot and moderately cold conditions. It never gets cold enough for an overcoat. Also, not all shooting locations have air conditioning facilities. Even though the “suit” is not the best fit for working and climatic conditions in India, people still wear it because it is recognized by many people as classy and suitable clothes for talk shows or outdoor media events. One more fitting example for the bandwagon effect is a whole generation of teens all over the world going crazy over a “Korean” band because they were liked by many others. With all respect to the music they made and their popularity, teens were going crazy even though they didn’t understand a word of what was being listened to. Although the band was covering much needed and sensible subjects like bullying (霸凌), elitism (精英统治), and mental health, not all people following them got the true meaning of the songs. People got onto the “bandwagon” as they wanted to go along with the trend that was a hit throughout the world. We can use various debiasing (消除偏见) techniques in order to avoid falling for the bandwagon effect. One is to consider alternative options that are not necessarily supported by the majority but may be a better choice. Give yourself some time to think and understand what is it that you really need which will allow you to make decisions in a less biased manner. It’s also important to remember that going with the crowd is not entirely bad. In many situations, it can be beneficial while making a decision, as long as you can do it in a way that allows you to make reasonable decisions. 49．What may people do if they fall for the bandwagon effect? A．Trust every one around them. B．Do as most people do. C．Doubt people surrounding them. D．Make reasonable choices. 50．What can we learn from the example given in Paragraph 2? A．All the hosts in talk shows wear suits. B．Indian talk show hosts love suitable suits. C．Following trend may make mistakes. D．India weather is agreeable for outdoor media events. 51．Why did a whole generation of teens across the world go mad at the “Korean” band? A．They all love the members. B．They all appreciated the lyrics. C．Most of them follow the trend. D．Most of them understand the songs. 52．What is the author’s attitude to bandwagon effect? A．Objective. B．Favourable. C．Critical. D．Indifferent. （23-24高二下·河南濮阳·期末）Some songs tend to get stuck in our heads more easily than others. When a song becomes super popular, we say it’s “gone viral”. Those words might be more accurate than we ever imagined. David Earn is an applied mathematician. One day, he talked with musician and scientist Matt Woolhouse. Woolhouse found some songs had been downloaded thousands of times over just a few weeks or months. Those patterns looked familiar to Earn, who studies disease epidemics. And those download data resembled the kind of data he saw with disease transmission (传播). They wondered whether that kind of spread from person to person could be how people decide that they like particular songs. Earn had been working with a mathematical model to predict how diseases spread during an epidemic. His team now used the same model with the song data. They looked at the 1,000 most downloaded songs in the United Kingdom, dividing them by type. For popular songs, downloads increased rapidly over time, much like a contagious (传染性的) disease infecting a group of susceptible people. Some types were more contagious than others, the team reported in 2023. “The group of people who connect and like folk music isn’t the same as the group of people who like heavy metal or dance music. They’re different social groups,” Earn says. “And some of those social groups are much more likely to share things quickly.” Surprisingly, pop music wasn’t the most contagious. It spread, but not as quickly as some other types. Electronic music, on the other hand, was super contagious. Earn thinks these listeners are probably super connected on the web and share things more than people who prefer other types of music. “We think of contagion as a strictly negative thing,” Earn says. “But that same process of contagion functions for other things in life,” he now concludes, “like sharing favorite songs with your closest friends.” 53．Why did Earn and his team conduct their research? A．To analyze the pattern of song spread. B．To investigate the ways songs are grouped. C．To count the times that the songs were downloaded. D．To study the characters of the people who downloaded songs. 54．What does the underlined word “susceptible” in paragraph 4 mean? A．With a strong will. B．Preferring new ideas. C．Sticking to traditions. D．Likely to be influenced. 55．Why does electronic music spread quicker? A．Electronic music covers all music types. B．Its fans are skillful at surfing the Internet. C．Electronic music can impress people easily. D．Its lovers like sharing things with others better. 56．What can be the best title for the text? A．Contagion of Music B．Music Spreads Online Wildly C．How a Song Becomes Attractive D．Frequency of Downloading Songs （23-24高二下·河南开封·期中）There is a myth (神话) in today’s society that human beings are weak and that the only way to be happy and successful in life is to protect oneself by avoiding difficulties. Not only is the myth false, but the actions we take believing them to be “protective” also usually limit happiness and even hamper (阻碍) personal and professional growth. Rather than fear and try to avoid all difficulties, perhaps we should accept the unavoidability of difficulties in life and prepare for, if not welcome, them. As a muscle grows stronger with stress, so can people, teams, organizations, even communities. Sports psychologists Fletcher and Sarkar have studied Olympic gold medal winners. They conclude, “Indeed, most of the participants argued that if they had not experienced certain types of stressors at specific times... they would not have won their gold medals.” Psychologists Richard Tedeschi and Lawrence Calhoun even created the term “posttraumatic growth”. They describe it as the experience of positive change that occurs as a result of highly challenging life crises (危机). It is shown in a variety of ways, including an increased appreciation for life in general, more meaningful interpersonal relationships, an increased sense of personal strength, and a richer spiritual life. The remarkable success stories that arise after moments of great challenge and failure are countless. Abraham Lincoln faced long-term depression, political failure, and the loss of a son but arose from failure and tragedy to become the greatest of American presidents. Thomas Edison failed thousands of times trying to create the world’s first practical light bulb. Harland Sanders developed Kentucky Fried Chicken in his 60s while recovering from a failed career as a lawyer. An English philosopher once wrote the result of sheltering people from their mistakes is to fill the world with fools. Let us not make that mistake. Rather, let us understand that growth arises from challenge and even failure. The myth of overprotection keeps us all from realizing our full potential. 57．The author thinks that. A．human beings are weak B．challenges are unavoidable in life C．we should court disasters D．it is wise to avoid all difficulties 58．Which of the fowllowing can be referred to as “posttraumatic growth”? A．The growth after surviving a big challenge. B．The satisfation after watching a nice movie. C．The pain during the struggle for survival D．The unhappiness for the loss of beloved ones. 59．What is the author’s attitude to sheltering oneself from failures? A．Unclear. B．Favorable. C．Doubtful. D．Disapproving. 60．How is the text mainly developed? A．By analyzing data. B．By conducting surveys. C．By listing examples. D．By making comparisons. （23-24高二下·四川宜宾·阶段练习）I often hear kids say, “I’m not a math person” or “I’m just not good at math.” These statements reflect what’s called a “fixed mindset”, which is often associated with a sense of discouragement, powerlessness and inability to improve one’s situation. A fixed mindset is extremely common in math classrooms, but with the help of teachers, students can adopt a “growth mindset”. This means believing in their potential to acquire the skills and knowledge. In strong, productive teacher-student relationships, teachers nurture (培养) growth mindsets. And there are some key steps in building these relationships, starting with giving instruction that meets the skill levels of individual students. Besides, it’s important to give students social and emotional support, so they could develop social awareness self-management, decision-making and relationship skills. How could teachers do these among class prep and grading duties? I believe in applying educational technologies. With the right tools, teachers can skillfully manage to individualize instruction and meet social-emotional needs. Razzaq, a math teacher at Doherty High School, has students from different socioeconomic backgrounds, and some were still learning English alongside math. The school once placed a student in her class, who hadn’t been in formal school since third grade. Students have different levels and social-emotional needs that demand attention from teachers. Sometimes they’re not aware or communicative of the areas in which they need help. Razzaq gives tests with the help of some educational platforms, which generate reports that summarize individual weak points. Then Razzaq could give instructions suiting their academic situations, making productive use of class time. She also uses technologies that provide insights into social-emotional experiences such as attentiveness and time management. The data enables her to initiate conversations that make a difference in students’ education. More importantly, we need to examine our approach to education. Are we creating an environment where children can develop healthily? How are we satisfying the needs of our future generations? Only by knowing our vision can we decide the technology to complete the picture. 61．Which of the following problems do students often have about learning math according to the text? A．Personal interest. B．Low confidence. C．Poor self-control. D．Poor learning ability. 62．How does the author show the role of educational technologies? A．By giving an example. B．By conducting research. C．By analyzing statistical data. D．By making some comparisons. 63．What can we learn about the educational platforms mentioned in the text? A．They encourage students to communicate. B．They provide suggestions on math teaching. C．They correct the mistakes students make in tests. D．They give information about students’ learning situation . 64．What is the author probably? A．A technician. B．A psychologist. C．An educationist. D．A mathematician. （23-24高二下·浙江温州·期中）Secrets, whether they’re juicy, shocking or just plain funny, nothing compares to the thrill of opening up or listening to a friend’s confession (n.坦白). When a pal bares his heart to you, you can’t help but feel trusted and special. In fact, you’re a lot more likely now to tell him something you wouldn’t tell just anyone. When you’re first getting to know a new friend, start with small secrets. No secret is ever 100 water-proof, but you can take steps to prevent getting your feelings hurt. First, when something you’re telling a friend is a secret, always say so. Every time when you share something confidential (adj.保密的), tell her that this is “for your ears only.” Also, don’t assume (v.假定,认为) someone will keep your secrets just because you know some of hers. Some people just have a tendency to blurt things out, which is why it pays to get a feel for how good a secret-keeper your friend is. Finally, make sure you get a reputation as someone who takes secrets seriously. It’s not worth breaking a promise to a friend, but if a secret is too big for you to carry alone, you have a responsibility to tell someone. There are probably a few details about your life that you don’t feel like sharing, even with your closest friends. If the secret isn’t hurting you or your friendship, silence is golden. If you’re hiding something big and constantly worrying about your secret being leaked, it may be time to just spill (v.溢出) your beans. Taking control of a secret that’s eating you up inside isn’t easy. So it seems clear that knowing when to let the secret out and when to zip your lips will help you a lot. 65．What is the purpose of the writer to mention a pal in the text? A．To tell people when it’s okay to share a secret with someone. B．To tell people how to gain others’ trust. C．To tell people why he bares his heart to you. D．To tell people who is the right people to express your heart. 66．Which of the following best explains “blurt out” underlined in paragraph 2? A．Speak out without thinking. B．Badmouth somebody. C．Let out a secret. D．Keep a secret. 67．What does the text suggest you do when the secret is big and keeps making you worried? A．Keep it silently. B．Let the secret out. C．Share the secret with your closest friend. D．Take control of the secret. 68．What is the text mainly about? A．Tips to know when to give away secrets B．It’s always okay to tell a secret you promised to keep. C．How to be successful with different secrets. D．When to spill secrets （2024·浙江杭州·二模）Is forgiveness against our human nature? To answer our question, we need to ask a further question: What is the essence of our humanity? For the sake of simplicity, people consider two distinctly different views of humanity. The first view involves dominance and power. In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness, Droll (1984) made the interesting claim that humans’ essential nature is more aggressive than forgiving allows. Those who forgive are against their basic nature, much to their harm. In his opinion, forgivers are compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others, who might then take advantage of them. The second view involves the theme of cooperation, mutual respect, and even love as the basis of who we are as humans. Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings, we need both to receive love from and offer love to others. Without love, our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart. Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions. For example, how well has slavery worked as a mode of social harmony? From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans, forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness, shown through scientific studies, is the decreasing of hate and the restoration of harmony. Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger. At least to the extent the people from whom you are estranged (不和的) accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments. Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people. As an important note, when we take a classical philosophical perspective, we see the distinction between potentiality and actuality. We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive, but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive. The actuality of forgiving, in real situations, develops with practice. （23-24高二下·山西太原·期中）In this present age, we are heavily dependent on science and technology. Involving courses such as physics, chemistry and biology, a science-based education system can not only equip the young with knowledge of the rules of the world but also develop their scientific curiosity and problem-solving skills. With the benefits and objective attitude formed when learning, the young have more opportunities to be employed in cutting-edge research projects and big companies. So as for Arts or Science, they prefer the latter. However, we still rely much on the Arts to understand the world. Literature courses can help students to learn about different cultures by exposing them to various aspects of life and excite their imagination required by out-of-box ideas. Studying politics increases the awareness of global world. History can enrich them intellectually and socially, providing a deeper understanding of the world and their place within it. Also, Arts can develop emotional skills and moral values. A science-based education concentrating only on the latest scientific developments and breakthroughs, may overlook the study of moral values as well as significant historical affairs. For instance, countless possibilities can be realised through cloning, but science does not reveal the moral dilemmas (两难境地) of its indulgent development. It is essential for students to assess the far-reaching influence of science on the world and realise that it must ultimately be pursued reasonably and controllably. In conclusion, a science-based education certainly has its limitations. Nevertheless, a science-based education combined with enough exposure to values and the humanities would provide students with a deeper insight into the world. 73．Why is a science-based education system popular among the young according to the text? A．It has diverse courses. B．It provides more challenges. C．It favors their dreams of being a scientist. D．It contributes to more career opportunities. 74．How does the author introduce the role of Arts? A．By collecting data. B．By giving professional reports. C．By sharing personal experiences. D．By listing the values of different courses. 75．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “indulgent” in paragraph 3? A．Uncontrolled. B．Normal. C．Difficult. D．Sustainable. 76．What is the writing purpose of the text? A．To highlight the difficulty of science courses. B．To offer guidance on how to learn all subjects well. C．To recommend Science & Arts combined education. D．To stress the importance of the science-based education. （23-24高二下·北京房山·期中）A person could be forgiven for believing 20 years ago that the Internet would soon revolutionise academic publishing, because it became possible for publishers to spread scholarly work at the click of a button — much cheaper than the traditional subscription-based (订阅) model. Recognising the opportunity, many scholars and librarians started to advocate a new, open access model, in which articles are made freely available online to anyone. The result would be a true online public library of science. However, more than two decades later, the movement has made little progress, and the traditional subscription-based model remains entrenched. Fortunately, things are changing. A big shoe dropped when the University of California (UC) Libraries, on of the biggest library systems, declined to renew its contract with Elsevier, a leading scientific publisher. Elsevier wanted the libraries to pay two fees: one for its package of licensed journals and the other for the use of Elsevier’s open access model. UC Libraries wanted the licensed journals fee to cover the open access fee; they also wanted open access to all UC researches published in Elsevier journals. When the two sides couldn’t come to terms, the libraries walked away. Actually, the open access revolution is more likely to be led by research funding agencies, who can use their purse power to promote open access. A team of funders, Coalition S, insisted that any research they fund should be published in a journal that makes all of its articles freely and immediately available to the public, which is called Plan S. Now that some librarians and funders are flexing their muscles, what should academics do? The worst response would be to complain that Plan S deprives (剥夺) them of academic freedom. Some thoughtful academics might worry that a shift to open access would affect their promotion. After all, subscription journals are more familiar and more prestigious (有威望的) in the current system. However, if enough academics support open access, the system could reach a tipping point beyond which subscriptions no longer signal prestige. Reaching that point would take considerable time and efforts, but it is possible. When the journal system started in 1665, it was kind of a form of open access. Journals allowed academics to learn openly from one another. It was only in the 1900s that the journal system became thoroughly commoditized (商品化). Now is the time to bring it back to its roots. 77．What does the underlined word “entrenched” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．Unpopular. B．Unfixed. C．Unchanged. D．Unknown. 78．What is the main cause of the failed negotiation between UC Libraries and Elsevier? A．The number of published researches. B．The charge for open access model. C．The duration of the contract. D．The way of payment. 79．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Academics think open access model will help them get promoted. B．Publishers are willing to abandon the subscription model gradually. C．Establishing a true online public library of science requires joint efforts. D．Open access model will soon take the place of subscription-based model. 80．What is the author’s attitude towards the open access model? A．Disapproving. B．Indifferent. C．Doubtful. D．Supportive. 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 《2023-2024学年下学期高二英语期终考试备考宝典》 专题16 阅读理解CD篇精准练18篇 解析版 一、阅读理解说明文细节理解题注意落实“定位原文”和“同义替换”技巧。 二、数据计算题注重“原文定位”和“细节理解”，弄清来龙去脉再计算。 三、重视说明文“倒三角形”结构，特别是首段和段首的独特引领作用。 四、标题概括题重视三性：概括性、简洁性和新颖性；同时联系首段和关键词。 五、说明文长难句较多增加了理解的难度，落实“括号法”-（从句）（非谓语）（介词短语）。 六、规范训练目标：做标记，留痕迹；零失误；限时6分钟/每篇。 （23-24高二下·北京通州·期中）According to a new Agriculture Department report, U. S. forests could exacerbate global warming because they are being destroyed by natural disasters and are losing their ability to absorb planet-warming gases as they get older. The report predicts that the ability of forests to absorb carbon will start declining after 2025 and that forests could release up to 100 million metric tons of carbon a year as their emissions (排放) from decaying (腐烂的) trees go beyond their carbon absorption. Forests could become a “substantial carbon source” by 2070, the USDA report says. The loss of carbon absorption is driven in part by natural disasters such as wildfires, tornadoes and hurricanes, which are increasing in frequency and strength as global temperatures rise. The disasters destroy forestland, destroying their ecosystem and decreasing their ability to absorb carbon, according to Lynn Riley, a senior manager of climate science at the American Forest Foundation. Aging forests also contribute. The report found that older, mature trees absorb less carbon than younger trees of the same species, and U. S. forests are rapidly aging. This trend is likely to continue, as forests come under increasing threat from climate change and exploitation (开采). The typical tropical (热带的) forest may become a carbon source by the 2060s, according to Simon Lewis, professor in the school of geography at Leeds University. “Humans have been lucky so far, as tropical forests are cleaning up lots of our pollution, but they can’t keep doing that indefinitely,” he said. “We need to cut down fossil fuel emissions before the global carbon cycle starts working against us.” U. S. forests currently absorb 11 percent of U. S. carbon emissions, or 150 million metric tons of carbon a year, equal to the combined emissions from 40 coal power plants, according to the report. The loss of forests as natural carbon absorbers will require the U. S. to cut emissions more rapidly to reach net zero. “As we work to decarbonize (碳减排), forests are one of the greatest tools at our handling. If we were to lose that, it means we will contribute that much more in emissions.” Riley said. 1．What does the underlined word “exacerbate” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Relieve. B．Worsen. C．Address. D．Measure. 2．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The key role of forests in the ecosystem. B．The consequences of frequent natural disasters. C．The impact of rising global temperatures on forests. D．The reasons for forests’ declining ability to absorb carbon. 3．What does Simon Lew is suggest? A．Reducing fossil fuel emissions. B．Dealing with decaying trees in time. C．Planting younger trees on a large scale. D．Limiting the exploitation of forest resources. 4．What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph? A．To stress the significance of forests. B．To offer suggestions on forest management. C．To present the efforts the U. S. has made to reach net zero. D．To show the increasing carbon emissions from coal power plants. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了美国农业部的一份新报告称森林在未来可能会加剧全球变暖，而非缓解全球变暖，到2070年，森林甚至可能会成为主要的碳排放者。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“because they are being destroyed by natural disasters and are losing their ability to absorb planet-warming gases as they get older. (因为它们正在受到自然灾害的破坏，并且随着年龄的增长，它们正在失去吸收地球变暖气体的能力)”可知，森林受到自然灾害的破坏，且吸收温室气体的能力随着年龄在下降，所以可推知美国的森林可能会加剧全球变暖，划线词的意思为“加剧，使恶化”。故选B。 2．主旨大意题。根据第二段“The loss of carbon absorption is driven in part by natural disasters such as wildfires, tornadoes and hurricanes, which are increasing in frequency and strength as global temperatures rise. The disasters destroy forestland, destroying their ecosystem and decreasing their ability to absorb carbon, according to Lynn Riley, a senior manager of climate science at the American Forest Foundation. Aging forests also contribute. The report found that older, mature trees absorb less carbon than younger trees of the same species, and U. S. forests are rapidly aging.(碳吸收的减少在一定程度上是由野火、龙卷风和飓风等自然灾害造成的，随着全球气温的上升，这些自然灾害的频率和强度都在增加。美国森林基金会气候科学高级经理Lynn Riley表示，这些灾难破坏了林地，破坏了其生态系统，降低了其吸收碳的能力。老化的森林也起到了推波助澜的作用。报告发现，年龄较大、成熟的树木吸收的碳比同一物种的年轻树木少，美国的森林正在迅速老化)”可知，本段主要列举了几个导致森林吸收碳能力减少的原因，如自然灾害、森林老化等。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“We need to cut down fossil fuel emissions before the global carbon cycle starts working against us. (我们需要在全球碳循环开始对我们不利之前减少化石燃料的排放)”可知，Simon Lewis建议减少化石燃料排放。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“U. S. forests currently absorb 11 percent of U. S. carbon emissions, or 150 million metric tons of carbon a year, equal to the combined emissions from 40 coal power plants, according to the report. The loss of forests as natural carbon absorbers will require the U. S. to cut emissions more rapidly to reach net zero. “As we work to decarbonize (碳减排), forests are one of the greatest tools at our handling. If we were to lose that, it means we will contribute that much more in emissions.” Riley said.(根据这份报告，美国森林目前吸收了美国11%的碳排放量，即每年1.5亿吨碳，相当于40座燃煤电厂的总排放量。森林作为天然碳吸收器的损失将要求美国更快地减少排放，以达到净零排放。“在我们努力脱碳的过程中，森林是我们处理的最好工具之一。如果我们失去了这一点，这意味着我们将贡献更多的排放。”莱利说)”可知，森林在吸收碳方面起着重要作用，如果森林消失，意味着对排放量有非常高的要求，故本段主要是在强调森林的重要性。故选A。 （23-24高二下·浙江·期中）You’ll boost your brainpower if you brave the unknown, says our memory expert, Jonathan Hancock. There’s a lot to cope with when you go off to university, and the academic work is just the start. There are new friends to meet, new opportunities to choose between, new responsibilities to accept... and, for most students, a completely new city to explore. We recently drove our daughter Evie 150 miles to start life as a fresher. It was a struggle to find the car park, let alone navigate the maze of corridors that led to her room. Before we left that evening, we’d taken her to the local supermarket, and we knew that she had flatmates and phone apps to get her orientated. But the scale of the challenge ahead was clear — to find her way in an unfamiliar world. The good news for Evie — and learners everywhere is that exploring new habitats is hugely beneficial to memory. In a recent study, volunteers walked around a simulated forest environment. Then some of them took the same walk again, while others explored a different forest. And that second group performed significantly better in memory tests straight after. According to the researchers, that was because navigating the new environment stimulated their dopamine (多巴胺) systems-setting up their brains for learning. So leaving home to study for a degree makes perfect sense. What’s more, young minds seem to gain most from being in strange surroundings. But we may all be able to gain some of the benefits, even if it’s just by stimulating our senses and challenging our thinking skills. Here are three things to try: (1) Go somewhere new to tackle an upcoming learning task—like memorizing a speech in the library or revising for an exam on a park bench — and take an unfamiliar route to get there. (2) Play video games that get you moving through new landscapes. Then see whether it improves your success with other learning tasks, like practising a dance or mastering phrases for a foreign trip. (3) Get lost in your imagination! To warm yourself up for learning, picture a city you know well, but imagine you’re stranded in a part of it that you’ve never visited. Then try to fancy exactly how you’ll get out. 5．What happened when they sent their daughter to her school according to Paragraph 3? A．They found a park for all their efforts. B．They were new to the surroundings. C．They got lost in the maze of corridors. D．They had no phone apps to rely on. 6．According to the passage, which is not a good way to boost your brain power? A．Taking an unfamiliar route to go home. B．Playing some video games that help you explore new surroundings. C．Getting addicted to playing video games before revising for the exam. D．Imagining yourself getting out of a new city before memorizing a speech. 7．Why did the second group in the study perform better in memory tests? A．Because their dopamine systems were activated. B．Because they entered the same environment twice. C．Because they had flatmates and phone apps to help them. D．Because they walked around a simulated forest environment. 8．What is the main idea of the article? A．The need for finding parking spaces in unfamiliar cities. B．The impact of exploring a new environment on our minds. C．The benefits of playing video games for improving learning tasks. D．The significance of picturing familiar cities for memory enhancement. 【答案】5．B 6．C 7．A 8．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了探索未知环境能显著提升脑力，新环境刺激多巴胺系统有助学习，建议通过不同路径学习、玩探索类游戏、想象脱困新城市等方式锻炼大脑。 5．细节理解题。根据第三段的“It was a struggle to find the car park, let alone navigate the maze of corridors that led to her room.(很难找到停车场，更不用说在通往她房间的迷宫般的走廊里穿行了)”可知，他们对周围环境很不熟悉。故选B。 6．细节理解题。根据第五段的“So leaving home to study for a degree makes perfect sense. What’s more, young minds seem to gain most from being in strange surroundings. But we may all be able to gain some of the benefits, even if it’s just by stimulating our senses and challenging our thinking skills.(因此，离开家去攻读学位是完全合理的。更重要的是，年轻人似乎从陌生的环境中获益最多。但我们都可能获得一些好处，即使只是通过刺激我们的感官和挑战我们的思维技能）以及接下来给出的三点建议可知，作者觉得变换学习场景与路线，利用视频游戏探索，想象力冒险都可以提高思维技能。由此可知，在考试复习前沉迷于玩电子游戏并不是一个提升脑力的好方法。故选C。 7．细节理解题。根据第四段的“According to the researchers, that was because navigating the new environment stimulated their dopamine (多巴胺) systems-setting up their brains for learning.(根据研究人员的说法，这是因为在新环境中导航会刺激他们的多巴胺系统，从而建立大脑进行学习)”可知，第二组在记忆测试中表现更好的原因是他们的多巴胺系统被激活了。故选A。 8．主旨大意题。根据第一段“You’ll boost your brainpower if you brave the unknown, says our memory expert, Jonathan Hancock.(我们的记忆专家乔纳森·汉考克说，如果你勇敢面对未知，你会提高你的脑力)”以及全文可知，文章的主旨围绕探索新环境对我们心智的影响展开，特别是如何通过这种方式提升记忆力和学习能力。所以“探索新环境对我们思维的影响。”是文章的主题。故选B。 （23-24高二下·吉林·阶段练习）The production of the cement (水泥) used in concrete is a major contributor to worldwide CO2 emissions. Since we use it a lot in building things, this is a serious problem. But there’s good news: Scientists have made a new kind of concrete that can trap CO2 instead of letting it out. It is a greener way to build things. The concrete is made by D Company, cooperating with other companies, and is named G-concrete. Here’s how it’s made: A special cement mixture is placed in a curing chamber (养护室) and CO2 is then pumped into the chamber to be absorbed. The absorbed CO2 is then stuck inside the concrete, and will not be released. Crucially, it’s also just as strong as regular concrete. “Generally, concrete hardens through a chemical reaction between cement and water,” the company explains. “But in G-concrete, over half the cement is replaced with a material we call γ-C2S. Instead of reacting with water, γ-C2S reacts with the CO2 in the air to harden. After mixing the materials needed to create G-concrete, the concrete can be placed in a location with high CO2 levels so it can absorb the CO2 and harden, trapping the gas inside. For example, a thermal power plant (发电厂) or other facilities that produce carbon-heavy waste gases can redirect the gases into a special chamber, where concrete products made with G-concrete can be placed to absorb the CO2 in the gases.” Obviously, greener concrete is a good thing in itself. And under the right conditions, this could be used to create net-zero buildings, but if it’s not affordable and practical to produce, it’s not going to be widely adopted. On that note, signs are actually quite hopeful. A representative of the company told us that the cost of producing G-concrete is about three times higher than standard concrete currently used. Work is being undertaken on further reducing this cost and the company believes it will become a lot more affordable in the near future. 9．What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．Cement production. B．Building construction. C．CO2 emission. D．Concrete use. 10．What do we know about G-concrete? A．It is environmentally friendly. B．It is produced in thermal power plant. C．It is harder than regular concrete. D．It is replaced by a cement mixture. 11．What should be mainly considered before using the greener concrete widely? A．Practical function. B．Production cost. C．Marketing strategy. D．Gas emission. 12．What is the best title for the text? A．The Chemical Reaction Behind Concrete Hardening B．G-concrete: A New CO2-absorbing Building Material C．The Environmental Impact Of Traditional Cement Production D．The Economic Possibility Of The Building Material—G-concrete 【答案】9．C 10．A 11．B 12．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种新型的环保建筑材料G-concrete，它可以吸收二氧化碳，而不是像传统的水泥那样排放二氧化碳。 9．词句猜测题。根据文章第一段的内容，The production of the cement (水泥) used in concrete is a major contributor to worldwide CO_2 emissions. Since we use it a lot in building things, this is a serious problem.（水泥的生产是全球二氧化碳排放的主要来源。由于我们在建筑中大量使用它，这是一个严重的问题。）可推知，“this”指的是二氧化碳的排放。故选C。 10．细节理解题。根据文章第二段的内容“The absorbed CO2 is then stuck inside the concrete, and will not be released.”（被吸收的二氧化碳会被困在混凝土中，不会被释放出来。）可推知，G-concrete是环保的。故选A。 11．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的内容“A representative of the company told us that the cost of producing G-concrete is about three times higher than standard concrete currently used. Work is being undertaken on further reducing this cost and the company believes it will become a lot more affordable in the near future.”（公司的一位代表告诉我们，生产G-concrete的成本大约是目前使用的标准混凝土的三倍。正在进行进一步降低这个成本的工作，公司相信它在不久的将来会变得更加负担得起。）可推知，广泛使用这种更环保的混凝土需要考虑的主要是生产成本。故选B。 12．主旨大意题。根据第一段“But there’s good news: Scientists have made a new kind of concrete that can trap CO2 instead of letting it out. It is a greener way to build things.”（但有一个好消息:科学家们已经制造出一种新的混凝土，它可以捕获二氧化碳而不是让它释放出来。这是一种更环保的建造方式。）；第二段“The concrete is made by D Company, cooperating with other companies, and is named G-concrete.”（该混凝土由D公司与其他公司合作生产，命名为G-concrete。）可知，文章主要介绍了一种新型的环保建筑材料G-concrete，它可以吸收二氧化碳，而不是像传统的水泥那样排放二氧化碳。所以短文的标题为“G-concrete:一种新型的吸收二氧化碳的建筑材料”故选B。 （23-24高二下·浙江绍兴·期中）In a world where nearly 6 million fingerprint records of government employees are stolen in one computer hack, and where millions of people are victims of identity theft every year, the next step in cyber-security may well be mapping your brain. Researchers at Binghamton University are working on a biometric (生物特征的) system that records how your brain reacts to certain images. With a little more polishing, the scientists’ brainchild could become the way you get into a safe deposit box, your office or past scanners at the airport. It could replace the password for your online banking, your e-mail or your social media accounts. They started their project by measuring the brain waves of 30 subjects. The subjects were fitted with a cap that had 30 electrodes attached to it, and then shown various images and symbols — celebrity faces, words, pictures of food — on a computer screen in 200-millisecond bursts. The brain’s reaction was recorded. The idea is that every time a person needs to use a “password”, he or she goes through the same procedure, and the results are matched to their first-time reaction. If the “brainprint” is cracked — like what happened to the fingerprint records — then the system is merely reset by running another set of images and collecting a different set of brain waves.“Even if that was stolen, you could just cancel it and record one to something else”, says professor Laszlo. Laszlo and her team have shown that their system can be 100 per cent accurate. So one of the most difficult parts of making the system practical already has been overcome. Now, they’re spending much time recording accurate brainprints with as few as three electrodes, which could make recording in the future as easy as wearing a pair of special glasses. They’re also working with cheaper materials and different methods to see if they can bring the cost down. 13．What does the underlined word “brainchild” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．The brain function. B．The biometric system. C．The fingerprint record. D．The online password. 14．Why were the images and symbols shown to the subjects? A．To match brainprints with pictures. B．To check the brain’s reaction. C．To create their brainprints. D．To connect brain waves to electrodes. 15．What will happen when a brainprint fails? A．A new one will be set again. B．A spare one will be ready beforehand. C．The users’ security will be threatened. D．The fingerprint record will replace it. 16．What are the researchers doing with the programme now? A．Improving its accuracy. B．Making it user-friendly. C．Recording more brainprints. D．Increasing the number of electrodes. 【答案】13．B 14．C 15．A 16．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了网络安全越来越重要，科学家也在研究新的网络安全密码。来自宾汉姆顿大学的研究人员发明了一种脑部扫描系统——脑纹。 13．词义猜测题。根据划线词前文的内容“Researchers at Binghamton University are working on a biometric(生物特征的) system that records how your brain reacts to certain images.(宾汉姆顿大学的研究人员正在研究一种生物识别系统，该系统可以记录大脑对特定图像的反应。)”可知，研究人员开发了一种生物特征识别系统，再根据画线词所在句“With a little more polishing, the scientists’ brainchild could become the way you get into a safe deposit box, your office or past scanners at the airport.(再稍微打磨一下，科学家的……就会变成进入你保险箱、办公室和机场扫描器的方式。)”可知，此处的划线词brainchild指的是上文提及的生物特征识别系统。前文提到正在研究一种生物识别系统，再将这种系统进行打磨，就能变成进入你保险箱、办公室和机场扫描器的方式。故选B。 14．推理判断题。根据第三段“The subjects were fitted with a cap that had 30 electrodes attached to it, and then shown various images and symbols—celebrity faces, words, pictures of food—on a computer screen in 200-millisecond bursts. The brain’s reaction was recorded.(受试者戴上一个有30个电极的帽子，然后在电脑屏幕上以20毫秒的速度显示出各种各样的图象和符号——名人的脸、文字、食物的图片。大脑的反应被记录下来)”可知，图象和符号被展示给受试者是为了记录大脑反应，创造脑纹。故选C。 15．细节理解题。根据第四段“If the “brainprint” is cracked—like what happened to the fingerprint records—then the system is merely reset by running another set of images and collecting a different set of brain waves. (如果“脑纹”像指纹记录一样受损，那么系统只需运行另一组图象并收集另一组脑电波就可以重置。)”可知，当一个脑纹失败时，新的将被重新设置。故选A。 16．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Now, they’re spending much time recording accurate brainprints with as few as three electrodes, which could make recording in the future as easy as wearing a pair of special glasses. They’re also working with cheaper materials and different methods to see if they can bring the cost down. (现在他们花了很多时间只用三个电极记录精确的脑纹，这可能使未来的记录像戴一副特殊的眼镜一样容易。他们也在用更便宜的材料和不同的方法来观察是否能降低成本。)”可知，现在研究人员正在使这个程序更容易使用、成本更低，也就是说对用户更友好。故选B。 （23-24高二下·山东青岛·阶段练习）More than one-third of the world‘s food is wasted or thrown away, most of which ends up in landfills, producing very large amounts of planet-warming greenhouse gases. Now, many studies show that it is becoming harder to grow enough food to feed an increasing population due to climate change and soil degradation. But one of the most promising and simplest solutions lies in the problem itself: this wasted food — if composted (制堆肥) —— could slow climate change and improve soil quality. Higher-quality soil also continues to absorb more carbon from the atmosphere, helping to improve plants and contributing further to fighting climate change. Returning one ton of organic matter to each hectare of soil would increase the production of cereal crops each year in Africa, Asia and South America by millions of tons. While it is true that people can compost in their yards, community gardens, or even on their kitchen counters, larger-scale efforts, including infrastructure (基础设施) and incentives (激励) for consumers, would take it to the next level. Imagine if consumers could just leave unwanted food in a roadside bin for pickup, or drop it off at a local store, earning a few cents a bucket, just like what has been offered for recycling bottles or newspapers. Moreover, in the case of composting, the payment incentive system would be great because the end-product of compost can be sold to farmers, making it an economically workable model, something that is often lacking in recycling, especially for certain materials, like many types of plastics. Eventually, more widespread composting of food would pave the way for solutions to additional waste challenges, such as the disposal of packaging and clothing. This will have other positive effects as well; if more consumers compost, companies will be more inspired to make and use compostable packaging, clothing, and other products. While more compostable items are starting to emerge today, additional composting will further drive demand and innovation, and offer a game-changing solution for the planet. 17．What can be concluded from paragraph 1? A．The great impact of climate change on food. B．The burden of population growth on the planet. C．The uneven distribution of food around the world. D．The urgency of properly dealing with wasted food. 18．What can be learned about the approach to composting wasted food? A．It is only workable on a small scale. B．It would take a long term to have an effect. C．It may raise people’s awareness of reducing food waste. D．It requires comprehensive efforts to achieve a better effect. 19．What does the author think of the payment incentive system of composting food? A．It is highly profitable. B．It is easy to carry out. C．It is a sustainable economic cycle pattern. D．It is more effective than other recycling systems. 20．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．How Wasted Food Could Be Reduced B．How Wasted Food Could Impact Humans C．How Wasted Food Could Save the Planet D．How Wasted Food Could Become a Business 【答案】17．D 18．D 19．C 20．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了如果对浪费的食物进行堆肥，可以形成一个可持续的经济循环模式，并为解决其它废物问题铺平道路，解决环境问题，保护我们的地球。 17．推理判断题。根据第一段“More than one-third of the world‘s food is wasted or thrown away, most of which ends up in landfills, producing very large amounts of planet-warming greenhouse gases. Now, many studies show that it is becoming harder to grow enough food to feed an increasing population due to climate change and soil degradation.”（世界上超过三分之一的食物被浪费或扔掉，其中大部分最终被填埋，产生了大量导致地球变暖的温室气体。现在，许多研究表明，由于气候变化和土壤退化，越来越难以种植足够的粮食来养活不断增长的人口。）可知，本段主要介绍了被浪费的食物对环境的影响和导致的粮食短缺问题，由此可总结出，妥善处理浪费食物的紧迫性。故选D项。 18．推理判断题。根据第三段中“While it is true that people can compost in their yards, community gardens, or even on their kitchen counters, larger-scale efforts, including infrastructure (基础设施) and incentives (激励) for consumers, would take it to the next level.”（虽然人们确实可以在院子里、社区花园甚至厨房柜台上堆肥，但更大规模的努力，包括基础设施建设和对消费者的激励，将把它提升到一个新的水平。）可推知，我们可以从垃圾食物堆肥的方法中了解到要达到更好的效果，这需要综合努力。故选D项。 19．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Imagine if consumers could just leave unwanted food in a roadside bin for pickup, or drop it off at a local store, earning a few cents a bucket, just like what has been offered for recycling bottles or newspapers.”（想象一下，如果消费者可以把不需要的食物放在路边的垃圾箱里，让别人来捡，或者把它们扔到当地的商店里，每桶能赚几美分，就像回收瓶子或报纸一样。）以及第四段中“Moreover, in the case of composting, the payment incentive system would be great because the end-product of compost can be sold to farmers, making it an economically workable model, ”（此外，在堆肥的情况下，奖励制度将是伟大的，因为堆肥的最终产品可以卖给农民，使其成为一个经济上可行的模式）可推知，作者对堆肥食品的奖励制度，认为这是一个可持续的经济周期模式。故选C项。 20．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第二段中“But one of the most promising and simplest solutions lies in the problem itself: this wasted food — if composted (制堆肥) —— could slow climate change and improve soil quality.”（但最有希望和最简单的解决方案之一在于问题本身：这些浪费的食物-如果堆肥-可以减缓气候变化并改善土壤质量。）和最后一段中“While more compostable items are starting to emerge today, additional composting will further drive demand and innovation, and offer a game-changing solution for the planet.”（虽然今天开始出现更多的可堆肥物品，但额外的堆肥将进一步推动需求和创新，并为地球提供改变游戏规则的解决方案。）可推知，文章介绍如果对浪费的食物进行堆肥，可以形成一个可持续的经济循环模式，并为解决其它废物问题铺平道路，解决环境问题，保护我们的地球。故“浪费的食物如何拯救地球”是最佳标题。故选C项。 （23-24高二下·内蒙古呼和浩特·期中）The Amazon rainforest, is as undisturbed a place as most people can imagine, but even there, the effects of a changing climate are playing out. Now, research suggests that many of the region’s most sensitive bird species are starting to evolve in response to warming. Birds are often considered sentinel（哨兵）species — meaning that they indicate the overall health of an ecosystem — so scientists are particularly interested in how they’re responding to climate change. In general, the news has not been good. For instance, a 2019 report by the National Audubon Society found that more than two-thirds of North America’s bird species will be in danger of extinction by 2100 if warming trends continue on their current course. For the new study, researchers collected the biggest dataset so far on the Amazon’s resident birds, representing 77 non-migratory species and lasting the 40 years from 1979 to 2019. During the study period, the average temperature in the region rose, while the amount of rainfall declined, making for a hotter, dryer climate overall. According to the report on November 12 in the journal Science Advances, 36 species have lost substantial weight, as much as 2 percent of their body weight per decade since 1980. Meanwhile, all the species showed some decrease in average body mass, while a third grew longer wings. Because of the study's long time series and large sample sizes, the authors were able to show the morphological（形态学的）effects of climate change on resident birds. However, the researchers themselves are unsure and wonder what advantage the wing length changes give the birds, but suppose smaller birds may have an easier time keeping cool. In general, smaller animals have a larger rate of surface area to body size, so they dissipate（散发）more heat faster than a bigger animal. Less available food, such as fruit or insects, in dryer weather might lead to smaller body size. 21．Why are scientists fond of doing research on birds? A．They have small body sizes. B．They are sensitive to hot weather. C．They live in an undisturbed rainforest. D．They are ecological balance indicators. 22．What can we learn from the new study? A．A third of species have been extinct for a decade. B．36 species lost 2%of their body weight every year. C．Two-thirds of species showed a considerable decrease in weight. D．About 26 species responded to climate change with longer wings. 23．The passage most probably comes from? A．A news report B．An autobiography C．An academic article D．A nature magazine 24．What would probably the researchers further study? A．Why it is easier for smaller animals to keep cool. B．What effects the wing length changes have on birds. C．Why the Amazonian birds have lost substantial weight. D．Whether bird species in North America will be extinct in 2100. 【答案】21．D 22．D 23．C 24．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了气候变化如何影响亚马逊的留鸟及其进化。 21．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Birds are often considered sentinel（哨兵）species — meaning that they indicate the overall health of an ecosystem — so scientists are particularly interested in how they’re responding to climate change.”（鸟类通常被认为是哨兵物种，这意味着它们表明了生态系统的整体健康状况，因此科学家们对它们如何应对气候变化特别感兴趣。）可知，科学家喜欢研究鸟类是因为它们是生态平衡的指标。故选D项。 22．细节理解题。根据第三段中“For the new study, researchers collected the biggest dataset so far on the Amazon’s resident birds, representing 77 non-migratory species and lasting the 40 years from 1979 to 2019.”（在这项新研究中，研究人员收集了迄今为止最大的亚马逊留鸟数据集，代表了77种非候鸟，从1979年到2019年持续了40年。）以及“Meanwhile, all the species showed some decrease in average body mass, while a third grew longer wings.”（同时，所有物种的平均体重都有所下降，而三分之一的物种的翅膀变长了。）可知，大约有26种物种用更长的翅膀来应对气候变化，计算方法是77×1/3≈26。故选D项。 23．推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第一段“The Amazon rainforest, is as undisturbed a place as most people can imagine, but even there, the effects of a changing climate are playing out.   Now, research suggests that many of the region’s most sensitive bird species are starting to evolve in response to warming.”（亚马逊雨林，和大多数人想象的一样，是一个未受干扰的地方，但即使在那里，气候变化的影响正在显现。现在，研究表明，该地区许多最敏感的鸟类物种正开始进化以应对气候变暖。）可知，这篇文章是科教类文章，主要介绍了气候变化对鸟的影响。由此可推知，文章可能来自一篇学术文章。故选C项。 24．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“However, the researchers themselves are unsure and wonder what advantage the wing length changes give the birds, but suppose smaller birds may have an easier time keeping cool.”（然而，研究人员自己也不确定，他们想知道翅膀长度的变化给鸟类带来了什么好处，但假设体型较小的鸟类可能更容易保持凉爽。）可推知，研究者可能会进一步研究翅膀长度的变化对鸟类有什么影响。故选B项。 （23-24高二下·内蒙古呼和浩特·期中）Metal-organic frameworks（MOFs）are compounds（化合物）that are set to solve some tough challenges: producing water in the desert, removing greenhouse gases from the air and storing dangerous gases more safely. The desert in Arizona is really dry. Anyone stuck in it without water would die from dehydration（脱水）within three days unless he had one of Omar Yaghi's next-generation water harvesters, who is a chemist at University of California, Berkeley. Although daytime humidity（湿度） is only about 10 percent, this rises to 40 percent at night, which means there's enough water in the atmosphere to support life——if it can be transformed into the liquid form. That's exactly what Yaghi's invention does. It's about the size of a small microwave oven, designed to suck water from the air at night and turn it into drinking water the next day using only the heat of the sun as its power source. What makes it work is a special material called a MOF, which at normal temperatures attracts water molecules（分子）onto the surface of its internal small holes. Warm it up and you can get the water, and each harvester produces one third of a cup of pure drinking water. “A device about the size of a washing machine could produce enough water for the basic needs of a household，"says Yaghi. These crystalline（结晶的）groups of metals linked by organic molecules can be made into materials with an extremely high absorption ability, attracting specific molecules to their surfaces. In this way, MOFs cling to a variety of liquids and gases. MOFs work thanks to their distinctive structures. In fact, one MOF about the size of a sugar cube has so many small holes that they would cover an area as large as six football fields. MOFs are also extremely stable, light and have many different uses: Their molecular structures can be varied to attract specific molecules. Adding a small amount of heat or pressure causes the MOF to give what it's holding. More than 70,000 different MOFs have been produced for various applications. 25．Why is the desert in Arizona mentioned in the second paragraph? A．To introduce water harvesters. B．To stress the importance of water. C．To show the severity of its condition. D．To express the urgent need for water there. 26．What plays a vital role in water harvesters? A．Solar energy. B．Water molecules. C．Metal-organic frameworks. D．Internal small holes. 27．Which can explain the underlined phrase “cling to” in Paragraph 4? A．Refer to B．Tend to C．Hold on to D．Turn into 28．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The introduction to the MOF technology. B．The future of the MOF technology. C．The improvement to the MOF technology. D．The functions of the MOF technology. 【答案】25．A 26．C 27．C 28．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了金属-有机框架(MOFs)是一种化合物，旨在解决一些棘手的挑战：在沙漠中生产水，从空气中去除温室气体，以及更安全地储存危险气体。 25．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The desert in Arizona is really dry. Anyone stuck in it without water would die from dehydration（脱水）within three days unless he had one of Omar Yaghi's next-generation water harvesters, who is a chemist at University of California, Berkeley.”（亚利桑那州的沙漠非常干燥。任何被困在沙漠里里没有水的人都会在三天内死于脱水，除非他有奥马尔·亚吉(Omar Yaghi)的下一代水收集器，他是加州大学伯克利分校的化学家。）可推知，第二段提到了亚利桑那州的沙漠是为了介绍水收集器。故选A项。 26．细节理解题。根据第三段中“What makes it work is a special material called a MOF, which at normal temperatures attracts water molecules（分子）onto the surface of its internal small holes.”（使它起作用的是一种叫做MOF的特殊材料，它在常温下会把水分子吸引到内部小孔的表面上。）可知，一种成为有机框架(MOF)的特殊的材料，所以金属有机框架在水收集器中起着至关重要的作用。故选C项。 27．词义猜测题。根据第五段中“These crystalline（结晶的）groups of metals linked by organic molecules can be made into materials with an extremely high absorption ability, attracting specific molecules to their surfaces.”（这些由有机分子连接的金属晶体群可以制成具有极高吸收能力的材料，吸引特定的分子到它们的表面。）由此可知，此处为通过这种方式，MOFs附着在各种液体和气体上。故可猜测划线短语cling to为“紧附，紧抓”的意思，结合选项C项Hold on to“抓住”意思一致。故选C项。 28．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“Metal-organic frameworks（MOFs）are compounds（化合物）that are set to solve some tough challenges: producing water in the desert, removing greenhouse gases from the air and storing dangerous gases more safely.”（金属-有机框架(MOFs)是一种化合物，旨在解决一些棘手的挑战：在沙漠中生产水，从空气中去除温室气体，以及更安全地储存危险气体。）可知，文章的主旨是MOF技术的介绍。故选A项。 （23-24高二下·辽宁·阶段练习）Parenting roles evolve from the full control and safekeeping of a young baby to the delicate dance between independence and guidance in adolescence (青春期). Eventually, our children become adults, and if we are lucky, we will have lifelong friendships with them. Play is a key element of friendship with children. With babies and very young children, we play with them, engaging in back-and-forth activities. They often start the game, and we join in. They pull us into play, and we love it. In the language of experts who research children from birth to 3 years old, we express delight in these interactions. But delight often hits a snag when our children learn how to say “no”. From this point onward — into adolescence — we focus on getting children to behave. We tend to be the parent, not the friend, often saying “because I said so”. Highlighting our role as taskmasters limits our parenting tools. If we can leave time and space for child-driven play and activities — without adult demands or expectations — we can return to delight. These friendly interactions expand our relationship with our children. It’s not the same as peer friendship, but we are being friends. Beyond play, the other foundational component of parent friendship is the child-directed conversation. Maintaining a friendly, non-judgmental standpoint in conversation with your kids can provide you with a world of trust and engagement. Being quiet and not saying anything are undervalued parenting tools. Instead, we can keep our ears open for informal chatter and then listen with intention and presence. And it’s usually best if we don’t offer ad vice unless asked for it. Being curious and compassionate and listening deeply to their stories and worries build emotional bonds, maintain communication, and produce trust, which sounds like friendship. In my experience as a child, a parent, and a child psychiatrist, I think we can be more than command-and-control. And I firmly believe that we can treat children with affection and respect, as companions. 29．What does the underlined word “snag” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Misjudgement. B．Demand. C．Challenge. D．Response. 30．What is a parent advised to do in a child-directed conversation? A．Be a deep listener. B．Start the topic of a talk. C．Never make any comments. D．Avoid any informal chatter. 31．What is the author’s attitude towards developing companionship with children? A．Doubtful. B．Approving. C．Unclear. D．Negative. 32．What is the suitable title for the text? A．Parent-child Friendship Bonds B．Lifelong Parent-child Relationship C．Fundamental Elements of Friendship D．Parenting Roles in Children’s Growth 【答案】29．C 30．A 31．B 32．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了父母与孩子之间可以培养朋友关系。 29．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“In the language of experts who research children from birth to 3 years old, we express delight in these interactions.(在研究从出生到3岁儿童的专家的语言中，我们对这些互动表示高兴)”根据本句的But可知，此处构成转折关系，由此可知，从出生到3岁这些互动是快乐的，但是当孩子长大会说“no”时，这种快乐就遇到了挑战。故划线词是“挑战”。故选C。 30．细节理解题。根据第三段“Being curious and compassionate and listening deeply to their stories and worries build emotional bonds, maintain communication, and produce trust, which sounds like friendship.(抱着好奇心和同情心，深入倾听他们的故事和烦恼，这样会建立情感纽带，保持沟通，产生信任，这听上去就是友谊)”可知，家长应该做一个深度倾听者。故选A。 31．推理判断题。根据第四段“And I firmly believe that we can treat children with affection and respect, as companions.(我坚信我们可以用关爱和尊重的态度对待孩子，作为他们的伙伴)”可推知，作者支持发展与孩子的友谊。故选B。 32．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Parenting roles evolve from the full control and safekeeping of a young baby to the delicate dance between independence and guidance in adolescence (青春期). Eventually, our children become adults, and if we are lucky, we will have lifelong friendships with them.(父母的角色从完全控制和保护幼小的婴儿演变为在青春期独立和指导之间微妙的舞蹈。最终，我们的孩子长大成人，如果幸运的话，我们将与他们建立终身的友谊)”结合文章讲述父母与孩子之间可以培养朋友关系。所以A项“亲子友谊纽带”适合做标题。故选A。 （23-24高二下·吉林·阶段练习）Imagine playing a racing game, using only your brain to control the complex series of turns in a lap. This is not a video game fantasy, but a real program, which engineers at the University of Texas at Austin have created as part of research into brain-computer interfaces (接口) to help improve the lives of people with motor disabilities. More importantly, the researchers combined machine learning capabilities with their brain-computer interface, making it a one-size-fits-all solution. Typically, these devices require much calibration (校准) for each user-every brain is different, both for healthy and disabled users—and that has been a major barrier to widespread adoption. This new solution can quickly understand the needs of an individual subject and self-calibrate through repetition. That means multiple patients could use the device without needing to adjust it to the individual. “When we think about this in a clinical setting, this technology will make it so we won’t need a specialized team to do this calibration process, which is long and boring,” said Satyam Kumar, a graduate student in the lab of José del R. Millán, a professor in the Cockrell School of Engineering’s Chandra Family Department of Electrical.“It will be much faster to move from patient to patient.” People in the study wear a special cap with tiny sensors that link up to a computer. These sensors pick up brain waves. The sensors send brain waves to a device, which can decode brain waves and then change them into game actions. Millán is working on ways for computers to talk to the brain. This helps people’s brains be more adaptable, meaning they can learn new things and heal after injuries. The goal is to help patients with brain problems and make using these brain-computer devices simpler and more helpful. “The point of this technology is to help people in their everyday lives,” said Millán. “We’ll continue down this path wherever it takes us in the pursuit of helping people.” 33．Who may benefit from the brain-computer interfaces? A．People fond of video games. B．People working with computers. C．People with poor computer skills. D．People with limited ability to move. 34．What is blocking the widespread use of these devices? A．Their too many functions. B．Complex operation method. C．Calibration for different users. D．The need of an individual subject. 35．What does the underlined word “decode” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Occupy. B．Translate. C．Interrupt. D．Distract. 36．What does Millán think of this technology? A．It costs too much. B．It is a piece of cake. C．It takes nowhere. D．It’s meaningful. 【答案】33．D 34．C 35．B 36．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校的工程师们研发的一种脑-计算机接口技术，这项技术结合了机器学习能力，旨在帮助运动障碍人士改善生活。 33．细节理解题。根据第一段中“This is not a video game fantasy, but a real program, which engineers at the University of Texas at Austin have created as part of research into brain-computer interfaces (接口) to help improve the lives of people with motor disabilities. (这不是一个视频游戏的幻想，而是一个真实的程序，德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校的工程师们创造了这个程序，作为脑机接口研究的一部分，以帮助改善运动障碍患者的生活。)”可知，这些脑计算机接口是为帮助运动障碍的人改善生活而研究的，因此受益者是那些运动能力受限的人。故选D。 34．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Typically, these devices require much calibration (校准) for each user-every brain is different, both for healthy and disabled users—and that has been a major barrier to widespread adoption. (通常情况下，这些设备需要对每个用户进行大量校准——无论是健康用户还是残疾用户——每个人的大脑都是不同的——这一直是广泛采用的主要障碍。)”可知，这些设备通常需要为每个用户进行大量的校准，因为每个人的大脑都是不同的，这是阻碍这些设备广泛采用的主要障碍。故选C。 35．词义猜测题。根据划线词前面的信息“People in the study wear a special cap with tiny sensors that link up to a computer. These sensors pick up brain waves. (参与研究的人戴着一顶特殊的帽子，上面有连接到电脑的微型传感器。这些传感器接收脑电波。)”以及“The sensors send brain waves to a device,(传感器将脑电波发送到一个设备，)”以及后文的“and then change them into game actions.( 然后将其转化为游戏行动。)”可知，传感器将脑波发送到一个设备，该设备可以解码脑波，然后将其转换为游戏动作。划线词指的是将脑波转换为其他形式，故其与B选项“Translate.(翻译)”为同义词。故选B。 36．推理判断题。根据最后一段中““The point of this technology is to help people in their everyday lives,” said Millán. “We’ll continue down this path wherever it takes us in the pursuit of helping people.”(“这项技术的重点是帮助人们的日常生活，”Millán说。“我们将继续沿着这条路走下去，无论它把我们带到哪里，我们都会帮助人们。”)”可知，最后一段Millán说这项技术的目的在于帮助人们在日常生活中，并且他们将继续沿着这条道路前进，以帮助人们。这表明他认为这项技术是有意义的。故选D。 （23-24高二下·山东烟台·期中）A new study finds the body undergoes significant, systematic changes across multiple organs during prolonged periods of fasting, demonstrating evidence of health benefits beyond weight loss. It also shows any potential health-transforming changes appear to occur only after three days without food. Over centuries, humans have developed the ability to survive without food for long. Fasting is practiced by people worldwide for different medical and cultural purposes. During fasting, the body changes its source and type of energy, switching from consumed calories to using its own fat stores. However, beyond this change in fuel sources, little is known about how the body responds to prolonged periods without food. Novel techniques allowing researchers to measure thousands of proteins (蛋白质) in our blood provide the opportunity to systematically study molecular(分子) adaptions to fasting in great detail. Researchers followed 12 healthy volunteers participating in a seven-day water-only fast. The volunteers were monitored closely on a daily basis to record changes in the levels of around 3, 000 proteins in their blood before, during, and after the fast. By identifying which proteins are involved in the body’s response, the researchers could then predict potential health outcomes of prolonged fasting by analyzing information from numerous studies. As expected, the researchers observed the body switching energy sources within the first three days of fasting. The volunteers lost an average of 5.7 kg of both fat mass and lean (瘦肉)mass. After three days of eating after fasting, the weight stayed off—the loss of lean was almost completely recovered, but the fat mass stayed off. For the first time, the researchers observed the body undergoing distinct changes in protein levels after three days of fasting—indicating a whole-body response to complete calorie restriction. Overall, one in three of the proteins measured changed significantly during fasting across all major organs. These changes were consistent across the volunteers. Head of the research Claudia Langenberg said, “Our results provide solid evidence for the health benefits of fasting beyond weight loss, but these were only visible after three days of total caloric restriction—later than we previously thought.” 37．What does the study focus on? A．Health benefits of nutrient intake. B．Links between dieting and culture. C．Maximum duration of human fasting. D．Effects of skipping food on health. 38．What enables researchers to identify multi-organ response to fasting on. a molecular level? A．Enthusiastic participants. B．Emerging testing means. C．Deep-rooted belief in fasting. D．Historical records of fasting. 39．What happens to the body after three food-free days? A．Certain proteins are shifted. B．The weight remains unchanged. C．Lean mass returned to normal. D．Fat mass substantially increases. 40．How may Claudia feel about their study outcomes? A．Satisfied. B．Confused. C．Regretful. D．Embarrassed. 【答案】37．D 38．B 39．A 40．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究发现，在长时间禁食期间，身体的多个器官会发生显著的系统性变化。 37．推理判断题。由文章第一段“A new study finds the body undergoes significant, systematic changes across multiple organs during prolonged periods of fasting, demonstrating evidence of health benefits beyond weight loss. It also shows any potential health-transforming changes appear to occur only after three days without food.(一项新的研究发现，在长时间禁食期间，身体的多个器官会发生显著的系统性变化，这证明了减肥之外对健康的益处。它还表明，任何潜在的健康转变变化似乎只有在三天没有食物的情况下才会发生。)”可知，这项研究的重点是禁食对健康的影响。故选D项。 38．细节理解题。由文章第二段“Novel techniques allowing researchers to measure thousands of proteins (蛋白质) in our blood provide the opportunity to systematically study molecular(分子) adaptions to fasting in great detail.(新技术使研究人员能够测量我们血液中成千上万的蛋白质提供的系统地详细研究对禁食的分子适应的机会。)”可知，新兴的检测手段使研究人员能够在分子水平上识别对禁食的多器官反应。故选B项。 39．细节理解题。由文章第五段“For the first time, the researchers observed the body undergoing distinct changes in protein levels after three days of fasting—indicating a whole-body response to complete calorie restriction. Overall, one in three of the proteins measured changed significantly during fasting across all major organs. These changes were consistent across the volunteers.(研究人员首次观察到，禁食三天后，身体的蛋白质水平发生了明显变化，这表明全身对完全的卡路里限制有反应。总的来说，在禁食期间，三分之一的蛋白质在所有主要器官中发生了显著变化。这些变化在志愿者中是一致的。)”可知，某些蛋白质在三天禁食后发生变化。故选A项。 40．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Our results provide solid evidence for the health benefits of fasting beyond weight loss, but these were only visible after three days of total caloric restriction—later than we previously thought.(我们的研究结果为禁食除了减肥之外的健康益处提供了确凿的证据，但这些益处只有在总热量限制三天后才能显现出来——比我们之前认为的要晚。)”可知，Claudia对研究结果是感到满意的。故选A项。 （23-24高二下·山东菏泽·期中）Impatience often takes hold of us as we approach a pedestrian crosswalk (人行横道), especially when we are in a hurry and see that small button on the pole. We press it repeatedly, hoping our persistence will some how magically change the signal from “Stop” to “Walk” in seconds. However, a video, shared by a traffic signal technician on the media, reveals a surprising fact. Actually, every time you press the pedestrian crosswalk button, it sends a “call” signal to the traffic control system, which indicates that a pedestrian is waiting to cross the street. The traffic system acknowledges this call on time, placing it in a queue until the appropriate time to change the crosswalk signal arises. No matter how many times you press the button, the system will automatically reset it to its initial state once the call has been answered. So the number of times you press the button doesn’t affect the speed at which you receive the green “Walk” signal. However, it is worth noting that the function of pedestrian crosswalk buttons can vary from place to place. In some regions, pedestrian crosswalks are programmed not to respond primarily to button presses during the day. Only in the evening, the buttons come into play, allowing pedestrians to bring about a change in the signal. In other areas, some of these buttons are equipped to assist people with disabilities. When activated, they might produce audible (可听的) signals to indicate when it is safe to cross. Some viewers admitted to pressing them multiple times, even if they knew their actions didn’t change anything. They enjoyed the act of pushing the button as a form of interactive engagement while waiting. Others remained doubtful, viewing the buttons as something designed to comfort impatient pedestrians. Additionally, the video publisher offers forward-thinking suggestions for improving crosswalk systems. These ideas include the use of advanced sensors and adaptive algorithms (算法), which could enhance both efficiency and pedestrian safety. Smarter crosswalks could significantly benefit pedestrians and drivers alike. 41．What truth does the video reveal? A．Pedestrian crosswalk buttons are appealing to many people. B．The traffic system tends to function well in most situations. C．Traffic lights play a role in maintaining smooth traffic flow. D．Additional button presses will not influence your waiting time. 42．What do we know about pedestrian crosswalk buttons? A．They are insensitive to slight presses. B．They are easily interrupted at times. C．They may serve different purposes. D．They are friendly to the disabled. 43．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The true function of the pedestrian crosswalk button. B．The correct way to press the pedestrian crosswalk button. C．Viewers’ ways to kill time when waiting for the green light. D．Viewers’ different opinions on the pedestrian crosswalk button. 44．What does the video publisher think of crosswalk systems? A．They should be friendlier to drivers. B．They still have room for improvement. C．They are a force for technical advances. D．They are the key to ensuring traffic safety. 【答案】41．D 42．C 43．D 44．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人行横道按钮的实际功能以及人们对其的不同看法，并提出了一些改进人行横道系统的建议。 41．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“So the number of times you press the button doesn't affect the speed at which you receive the green “Walk” signal.(所以你按下按钮的次数不会影响你收到绿色“行走”信号的速度)”可知，视频揭示了多按几次行人过街按钮不会影响你的等待时间。故选D。 42．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“However, it is worth noting that the function of pedestrian crosswalk buttons can vary from place to place.(然而，值得注意的是，人行横道按钮的功能可能因地点而异)”可知，人行横道按钮可能有不同的用途。故选C。 43．主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“Some viewers admitted to pressing them multiple times, even if they knew their actions didn't change anything. They enjoyed the act of pushing the button as a form of interactive engagement while waiting. Others remained doubtful, viewing the buttons as something designed to comfort impatient pedestrians.(一些观众承认会多次按下按钮，即使他们知道自己的行为不会改变任何事情。他们喜欢在等待时按下按钮的行为，认为这是一种互动参与的形式。其他人则持怀疑态度，认为这些按钮是为了安慰不耐烦的行人而设计的)”可知，第四段主要讲述了观众对人行横道按钮的不同看法。故选D。 44．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Additionally, the video publisher offers forward-thinking suggestions for improving crosswalk systems.(此外，视频发布者还为改善人行横道系统提供了前瞻性的建议)”可知，视频发布者认为人行横道系统还有改进的空间。故选B。 （23-24高二下·四川凉山·期中）The release of OpenAI’s Sora text-to-video AI tool last month was met with a mix of worries and excitement from researchers who are concerned about misuse of the technology. The California-based company showcased Sora’s ability to create photorealistic (超级现实主义的) videos from a few short text prompts (提示词), with examples including clips of a woman walking down a neon-lit (霓虹灯闪烁的) street in Tokyo and a dog jumping between two windowsills. Tracy Harwood, a digital-culture specialist at De Montfort University in Leicester, UK, says she is “shocked” by the speed at which text-to-video artificial intelligence (AI) has developed. A year ago, people were laughing at an AI-produced video of the US actor Will Smith eating spaghetti. Now some researchers are worried that the technology could upend global politics in 2024. OpenAI, which also developed ChatGPT and the text-to-image technology DALL·E, first released Sora on 15 February, announcing that it was making the technology “available to red teamers to assess critical areas for harms or risks”. Red teaming’ refers to the process of conducting simulated attacks (模拟攻击) or exploration of a technology to see how it would cope with criminal activity, such as the creation of misinformation and hateful content, in the real world. Sora isn’t the first example of text-to-video technology; others include Gen-2, produced by Runway in New York City and released last year, and the Google-led Lumiere, announced in January. Harwood says she has been “underwhelmed” by some of these other products. “They are becoming more and more ordinary in what they present to you,” she says, adding that the programs require very specific prompts to get them to produce compelling (引人入胜的，可信的) content. Misinformation is a major challenge for these text-to-video technologies, Harwood adds. “We’re going to very quickly reach a point in which we are flooded with a barrage of (一连串) really compelling-looking information. That’s really worrying.” 45．Why did some researchers worry about the the release of Sora? A．Because the videos Sora creates will be untrue. B．Because Sora needs many prompts to create videos. C．Because they are worried about the misuse of technology. D．Because they don’t have ability to create videos themselves. 46．What does the underlined word “upend” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Overturn. B．Update. C．Overcome. D．Disturb 47．What can we know about Sora from the passage? A．Sora is the first example of its kind. B．Sora may be helpful in real world. C．Sora is flooded with misinformation. D．Sora is an ordinary product of its kind. 48．What does the text mainly talk about? A．The release of Sora raised questions. B．Sora is a new t hreat to global politics. C．Sora becomes a vital tool to create videos. D．Misinformation is a major challenge for Sora. 【答案】45．C 46．A 47．B 48．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。OpenAI发布文本转视频AI工具Sora，引发研究人员对其潜在滥用风险的担忧，担心该技术加速制造逼真假信息，影响2024年全球政治。 45．细节理解题。由文章第一段中“The release of OpenAI’s Sora text-to-video AI tool last month was met with a mix of worries and excitement from researchers who are concerned about misuse of the technology. (上个月，OpenAI的Sora文本到视频人工智能工具的发布让研究人员既兴奋又担忧，他们担心该技术被滥用。)”可知，一些研究者担心Sora的发布是因为他们担忧该技术可能被滥用。故选C。 46．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Tracy Harwood, a digital-culture specialist at De Montfort University in Leicester, UK, says she is “shocked” by the speed at which text-to-video artificial intelligence (AI) has developed. A year ago, people were laughing at an AI-produced video of the US actor Will Smith eating spaghetti. Now some researchers are worried that the technology could... (特雷西·哈伍德是英国莱斯特德蒙福特大学的数字文化专家，她说她对文本到视频的人工智能（AI）的发展速度感到“震惊”。一年前，美国演员威尔·史密斯吃意大利面的人工智能视频引起了人们的大笑。现在一些研究人员担心，这项技术可能会……)”，此处表达的是对技术可能在2024年对全球政治产生的重大影响的担忧，因此upend应为“颠覆”。A. Overturn翻转，颠覆；B. Update更新；C. Overcome克服；D. Disturb干扰。故选A。 47．细节理解题。从文章第三段“OpenAI, which also developed ChatGPT and the text-to-image technology DALL·E, first released Sora on 15 February, announcing that it was making the technology “available to red teamers to assess critical areas for harms or risks”. (OpenAI还开发了ChatGPT和文本到图像技术DALL·E，于2月15日首次发布了Sora，宣布它将使该技术“可供红队使用，以评估关键区域的危害或风险”。)”可以看出，Sora可能在现实世界中对于评估潜在的危害和风险有所帮助。故选B。 48．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据文章第一段中“The release of OpenAI’s Sora text-to-video AI tool last month was met with a mix of worries and excitement from researchers who are concerned about misuse of the technology. (上个月，OpenAI的Sora文本到视频人工智能工具的发布让研究人员既兴奋又担忧，他们担心该技术被滥用。)”可知，文章主要围绕Sora这一文本转视频AI工具的发布引起的担忧和其潜在的影响进行讨论，特别是对其可能被滥用以及产生误导信息的担忧。因此，最合适的文章主旨是选项A“The release of Sora raised questions (Sora的发布引发了质疑。)”，故选A。 （23-24高二下·四川凉山·期中）In human behavioral science, bandwagon effect is a cognitive bias (认知偏见) where people assume that an idea or belief is true because many or most others believe in it or have adopted it. As many people already support the belief others also “join the bandwagon” and do not consider questioning the decision or if there is evidence supporting the same. Cognitive biases help people think and reason more quickly, but there is a high possibility of making mistakes. For example, when talk shows in the west had hosts wearing suits, other people started following the same trend regardless of their working conditions and climate. In India, we have climates ranging from warm to extremely hot and moderately cold conditions. It never gets cold enough for an overcoat. Also, not all shooting locations have air conditioning facilities. Even though the “suit” is not the best fit for working and climatic conditions in India, people still wear it because it is recognized by many people as classy and suitable clothes for talk shows or outdoor media events. One more fitting example for the bandwagon effect is a whole generation of teens all over the world going crazy over a “Korean” band because they were liked by many others. With all respect to the music they made and their popularity, teens were going crazy even though they didn’t understand a word of what was being listened to. Although the band was covering much needed and sensible subjects like bullying (霸凌), elitism (精英统治), and mental health, not all people following them got the true meaning of the songs. People got onto the “bandwagon” as they wanted to go along with the trend that was a hit throughout the world. We can use various debiasing (消除偏见) techniques in order to avoid falling for the bandwagon effect. One is to consider alternative options that are not necessarily supported by the majority but may be a better choice. Give yourself some time to think and understand what is it that you really need which will allow you to make decisions in a less biased manner. It’s also important to remember that going with the crowd is not entirely bad. In many situations, it can be beneficial while making a decision, as long as you can do it in a way that allows you to make reasonable decisions. 49．What may people do if they fall for the bandwagon effect? A．Trust every one around them. B．Do as most people do. C．Doubt people surrounding them. D．Make reasonable choices. 50．What can we learn from the example given in Paragraph 2? A．All the hosts in talk shows wear suits. B．Indian talk show hosts love suitable suits. C．Following trend may make mistakes. D．India weather is agreeable for outdoor media events. 51．Why did a whole generation of teens across the world go mad at the “Korean” band? A．They all love the members. B．They all appreciated the lyrics. C．Most of them follow the trend. D．Most of them understand the songs. 52．What is the author’s attitude to bandwagon effect? A．Objective. B．Favourable. C．Critical. D．Indifferent. 【答案】49．B 50．C 51．C 52．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了认知偏见中的从众效应，即人们倾向于相信多数人支持的观点，并通过实例分析其影响及提供避免盲从的建议。 49．细节理解题。根据第一段的“In human behavioral science, bandwagon effect is a cognitive bias (认知偏见) where people assume that an idea or belief is true because many or most others believe in it or have adopted it. As many people already support the belief others also “join the bandwagon” and do not consider questioning the decision or if there is evidence supporting the same.(在人类行为科学中，跟风效应是一种认知偏见，人们认为一个想法或信仰是真实的，因为许多人或大多数人相信它或已经采纳了它。由于许多人已经支持这个信仰，其他人也“加入跟风”，不考虑质疑这个决定，也不考虑是否有证据支持这个决定)”可知，从众效应指的是人们倾向于接受多数人相信或采纳的观点或信念，因此如果人们受到从众效应的影响，他们很可能会跟随大多数人的做法。故选B。 50．推理判断题。根据第二段“For example, when talk shows in the west had hosts wearing suits, other people started following the same trend regardless of their working conditions and climate. In India, we have climates ranging from warm to extremely hot and moderately cold conditions. It never gets cold enough for an overcoat. Also, not all shooting locations have air conditioning facilities. Even though the “suit” is not the best fit for working and climatic conditions in India, people still wear it because it is recognized by many people as classy and suitable clothes for talk shows or outdoor media events.(例如，当西方的脱口秀节目主持人穿着西装时，其他人开始追随同样的趋势，无论他们的工作条件和气候如何。在印度，我们的气候从温暖到酷热，再到适度寒冷。天气永远不会冷到穿大衣的程度。此外，并非所有拍摄地点都有空调设施。尽管这种“西装”并不最适合印度的工作和气候条件，但人们仍然穿着它，因为它被许多人认为是脱口秀或户外媒体活动的经典和合适的衣服)”可知，通过印度谈话节目主持人穿西装的例子说明，即使这种着装并不适合印度的工作环境和气候条件，人们仍然效仿这一趋势。由此可推知，盲目追随潮流可能导致不合适的决策或行为，即可能犯错。故选C。 51．细节理解题。根据第三段的“With all respect to the music they made and their popularity, teens were going crazy even though they didn’t understand a word of what was being listened to. Although the band was covering much needed and sensible subjects like bullying (霸凌), elitism (精英统治), and mental health, not all people following them got the true meaning of the songs. People got onto the “bandwagon” as they wanted to go along with the trend that was a hit throughout the world.(就他们制作的音乐和受欢迎程度而言，青少年们都快疯了，尽管他们一句话都听不懂。尽管乐队涵盖了欺凌、精英主义和心理健康等急需且明智的主题，但并不是所有追随他们的人都能理解歌曲的真正含义。人们之所以加入“潮流”，是因为他们想顺应这一风靡全球的潮流)”可知，提到全世界一代青少年对一个“韩国”乐队疯狂追捧，即便他们听不懂歌词，也未必理解歌曲的真正含义，但他们还是跟风追崇，因为这是全球的热门趋势。所以大多数青少年是出于追随潮流而为之。故选C。 52．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Cognitive biases help people think and reason more quickly, but there is a high possibility of making mistakes.(认知偏见有助于人们更快地思考和推理，但犯错误的可能性很高)”以及最后一段的“In many situations, it can be beneficial while making a decision, as long as you can do it in a way that allows you to make reasonable decisions.(在许多情况下，只要你能以一种能让你做出合理决定的方式来做决定，这在做决定时是有益的)”可知，作者在文中既提到了从众效应可能导致的错误决策，也提到了在某些情况下随大流可能是有益的，只要能确保做出合理的决策。这种论述方式显示出作者对于从众效应的态度是客观的，既没有一味批判也没有表示偏好，而是给出了理性的分析和建议。故选A。 （23-24高二下·河南濮阳·期末）Some songs tend to get stuck in our heads more easily than others. When a song becomes super popular, we say it’s “gone viral”. Those words might be more accurate than we ever imagined. David Earn is an applied mathematician. One day, he talked with musician and scientist Matt Woolhouse. Woolhouse found some songs had been downloaded thousands of times over just a few weeks or months. Those patterns looked familiar to Earn, who studies disease epidemics. And those download data resembled the kind of data he saw with disease transmission (传播). They wondered whether that kind of spread from person to person could be how people decide that they like particular songs. Earn had been working with a mathematical model to predict how diseases spread during an epidemic. His team now used the same model with the song data. They looked at the 1,000 most downloaded songs in the United Kingdom, dividing them by type. For popular songs, downloads increased rapidly over time, much like a contagious (传染性的) disease infecting a group of susceptible people. Some types were more contagious than others, the team reported in 2023. “The group of people who connect and like folk music isn’t the same as the group of people who like heavy metal or dance music. They’re different social groups,” Earn says. “And some of those social groups are much more likely to share things quickly.” Surprisingly, pop music wasn’t the most contagious. It spread, but not as quickly as some other types. Electronic music, on the other hand, was super contagious. Earn thinks these listeners are probably super connected on the web and share things more than people who prefer other types of music. “We think of contagion as a strictly negative thing,” Earn says. “But that same process of contagion functions for other things in life,” he now concludes, “like sharing favorite songs with your closest friends.” 53．Why did Earn and his team conduct their research? A．To analyze the pattern of song spread. B．To investigate the ways songs are grouped. C．To count the times that the songs were downloaded. D．To study the characters of the people who downloaded songs. 54．What does the underlined word “susceptible” in paragraph 4 mean? A．With a strong will. B．Preferring new ideas. C．Sticking to traditions. D．Likely to be influenced. 55．Why does electronic music spread quicker? A．Electronic music covers all music types. B．Its fans are skillful at surfing the Internet. C．Electronic music can impress people easily. D．Its lovers like sharing things with others better. 56．What can be the best title for the text? A．Contagion of Music B．Music Spreads Online Wildly C．How a Song Becomes Attractive D．Frequency of Downloading Songs 【答案】53．A 54．D 55．D 56．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。病毒传染是一件非常负面的事情，但同样的传染过程也适用于生活中的其他事情，比如和你最亲密的朋友分享最喜欢的歌曲。 53．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“They wondered whether that kind of spread from person to person could be how people decide that they like particular songs.(他们想知道，这种人与人之间的传播是否可能是人们决定自己喜欢某首歌的方式。)”可知，Earn和他的团队进行研究是为了弄清楚音乐的传播方式。故选A。 54．词义猜测题。根据上文“For popular songs, downloads increased rapidly over time(随着时间的推移，流行歌曲的下载量迅速增长)”可推断，因此推断“much like a contagious (传染性的) disease infecting a group of susceptible people(就像传染病感染了一群susceptible人群)”可知，此处表示对于流行歌曲，下载量随着时间的推移而迅速增长，就像传染病感染了一群“易感”人群一样。故该词表示“易受影响的”。 故选D。 55．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Earn thinks these listeners are probably super connected on the web and share things more than people who prefer other types of music.( Earn认为这些听众在网络上的联系可能比那些喜欢其他类型音乐的人更紧密，分享的东西也更多。)”可知，电子音乐的听众在网络上分享的东西更多。故选D。 56．主旨大意题。根据第二段的“Woolhouse found some songs had been downloaded thousands of times over just a few weeks or months. Those patterns looked familiar to Earn, who studies disease epidemics. And those download data resembled the kind of data he saw with disease transmission (传播). They wondered whether that kind of spread from person to person could be how people decide that they like particular songs. (伍尔豪斯发现，一些歌曲在短短几周或几个月内就被下载了数千次。对于研究疾病流行的Earn来说，这些模式看起来很熟悉。这些下载的数据类似于他看到的疾病传播的数据。他们想知道，这种人与人之间的传播是否可能是人们决定自己喜欢某首歌的方式。)”并通读全文可知，本文讲述，音乐的传播类似病毒的传播，病毒传染是一件非常负面的事情，但同样的传染过程也适用于生活中的其他事情，比如和你最亲密的朋友分享最喜欢的歌曲。因此推断“音乐的传染”。故选A。 （23-24高二下·河南开封·期中）There is a myth (神话) in today’s society that human beings are weak and that the only way to be happy and successful in life is to protect oneself by avoiding difficulties. Not only is the myth false, but the actions we take believing them to be “protective” also usually limit happiness and even hamper (阻碍) personal and professional growth. Rather than fear and try to avoid all difficulties, perhaps we should accept the unavoidability of difficulties in life and prepare for, if not welcome, them. As a muscle grows stronger with stress, so can people, teams, organizations, even communities. Sports psychologists Fletcher and Sarkar have studied Olympic gold medal winners. They conclude, “Indeed, most of the participants argued that if they had not experienced certain types of stressors at specific times... they would not have won their gold medals.” Psychologists Richard Tedeschi and Lawrence Calhoun even created the term “posttraumatic growth”. They describe it as the experience of positive change that occurs as a result of highly challenging life crises (危机). It is shown in a variety of ways, including an increased appreciation for life in general, more meaningful interpersonal relationships, an increased sense of personal strength, and a richer spiritual life. The remarkable success stories that arise after moments of great challenge and failure are countless. Abraham Lincoln faced long-term depression, political failure, and the loss of a son but arose from failure and tragedy to become the greatest of American presidents. Thomas Edison failed thousands of times trying to create the world’s first practical light bulb. Harland Sanders developed Kentucky Fried Chicken in his 60s while recovering from a failed career as a lawyer. An English philosopher once wrote the result of sheltering people from their mistakes is to fill the world with fools. Let us not make that mistake. Rather, let us understand that growth arises from challenge and even failure. The myth of overprotection keeps us all from realizing our full potential. 57．The author thinks that. A．human beings are weak B．challenges are unavoidable in life C．we should court disasters D．it is wise to avoid all difficulties 58．Which of the fowllowing can be referred to as “posttraumatic growth”? A．The growth after surviving a big challenge. B．The satisfation after watching a nice movie. C．The pain during the struggle for survival D．The unhappiness for the loss of beloved ones. 59．What is the author’s attitude to sheltering oneself from failures? A．Unclear. B．Favorable. C．Doubtful. D．Disapproving. 60．How is the text mainly developed? A．By analyzing data. B．By conducting surveys. C．By listing examples. D．By making comparisons. 【答案】57．B 58．A 59．D 60．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。成长源于挑战甚至失败。错误地认为自己很脆弱、需要过度保护会使我们无法充分发挥自己的潜力。 57．细节理解题。根据第一段“Rather than fear and try to avoid all difficulties, perhaps we should accept the unavoidability of difficulties in life and prepare for, if not welcome, them.(与其害怕和逃避所有的困难，也许我们应该接受生活中困难的不可避免性，并为它们做好准备，如果不是欢迎它们的话)”可知，作者认为生活中遇到挑战是不可避免的。故选B。 58．推理判断题。根据第三段“They describe it as the experience of positive change that occurs as a result of highly challenging life crises (危机).(他们将其描述为经历极具挑战性的生活危机后产生的积极变化)”可推断，克服巨大挑战后的成长属于“posttraumatic growth”。故选A。 59．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The myth of overprotection keeps us all from realizing our full potential.(过度保护的神话让我们无法充分发挥自己的潜力)”可知，作者对这种过度自我保护的行为是持否定态度的。故选D。 60．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Abraham Lincoln faced long-term depression, political failure, and the loss of a son but arose from failure and tragedy to become the greatest of American presidents. Thomas Edison failed thousands of times trying to create the world’s first practical light bulb. Harland Sanders developed Kentucky Fried Chicken in his 60s while recovering from a failed career as a lawyer.(亚伯拉罕·林肯面临着长期的经济萧条、政治失败和丧子之痛，但他从失败和悲剧中崛起，成为美国最伟大的总统。为了制造世界上第一个实用的灯泡，托马斯·爱迪生失败了数千次。哈兰德·桑德斯在60多岁时创立了肯德基，当时他正从失败的律师生涯中恢复过来)”可知，作者主要是用例证法来说明自己的观点的。故选C。 （23-24高二下·四川宜宾·阶段练习）I often hear kids say, “I’m not a math person” or “I’m just not good at math.” These statements reflect what’s called a “fixed mindset”, which is often associated with a sense of discouragement, powerlessness and inability to improve one’s situation. A fixed mindset is extremely common in math classrooms, but with the help of teachers, students can adopt a “growth mindset”. This means believing in their potential to acquire the skills and knowledge. In strong, productive teacher-student relationships, teachers nurture (培养) growth mindsets. And there are some key steps in building these relationships, starting with giving instruction that meets the skill levels of individual students. Besides, it’s important to give students social and emotional support, so they could develop social awareness self-management, decision-making and relationship skills. How could teachers do these among class prep and grading duties? I believe in applying educational technologies. With the right tools, teachers can skillfully manage to individualize instruction and meet social-emotional needs. Razzaq, a math teacher at Doherty High School, has students from different socioeconomic backgrounds, and some were still learning English alongside math. The school once placed a student in her class, who hadn’t been in formal school since third grade. Students have different levels and social-emotional needs that demand attention from teachers. Sometimes they’re not aware or communicative of the areas in which they need help. Razzaq gives tests with the help of some educational platforms, which generate reports that summarize individual weak points. Then Razzaq could give instructions suiting their academic situations, making productive use of class time. She also uses technologies that provide insights into social-emotional experiences such as attentiveness and time management. The data enables her to initiate conversations that make a difference in students’ education. More importantly, we need to examine our approach to education. Are we creating an environment where children can develop healthily? How are we satisfying the needs of our future generations? Only by knowing our vision can we decide the technology to complete the picture. 61．Which of the following problems do students often have about learning math according to the text? A．Personal interest. B．Low confidence. C．Poor self-control. D．Poor learning ability. 62．How does the author show the role of educational technologies? A．By giving an example. B．By conducting research. C．By analyzing statistical data. D．By making some comparisons. 63．What can we learn about the educational platforms mentioned in the text? A．They encourage students to communicate. B．They provide suggestions on math teaching. C．They correct the mistakes students make in tests. D．They give information about students’ learning situation . 64．What is the author probably? A．A technician. B．A psychologist. C．An educationist. D．A mathematician. 【答案】61．B 62．A 63．D 64．C 【导语】本文为一篇议论文，论述了在教育中应运用教育技术来帮助学生们获得“成长心态”，同时还需要审视教育方法来更好的利用教育技术。 61．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“I often hear kids say, “I’m not a math person” or “I’m just not good at math.” These statements reflect what’s called a “fixed mindset”, which is often associated with a sense of discouragement, powerlessness and inability to improve one’s situation. (我经常听到孩子们说，“我不是一个数学人”或“我只是不擅长数学。”这些说法反映了所谓的“固定心态”，通常与挫败感、无力感和无法改善自己的处境联系在一起。)”可知，当学习数学时，有问题的学生们通常会反映出较低的自信心。故选B。 62．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“I believe in applying educational technologies. With the right tools, teachers can skillfully manage to individualize instruction and meet social-emotional needs. (我相信应用教育技术。有了正确的工具，教师可以巧妙地管理个性化教学和满足社会情感需求。)”及第四段“Razzaq gives tests with the help of some educational platforms, which generate reports that summarize individual weak points. Then Razzaq could give instructions suiting their academic situations, making productive use of class time. She also uses technologies that provide insights into social-emotional experiences such as attentiveness and time management. The data enables her to initiate conversations that make a difference in students’ education. (Razzaq在一些教育平台的帮助下进行测试，这些平台会生成总结个人弱点的报告。然后拉扎克就可以根据他们的学习情况给出指导，有效地利用课堂时间。她还使用了一些技术，这些技术可以洞察诸如注意力和时间管理等社交情感体验。这些数据使她能够发起对话，对学生的教育产生影响。)”可推知，作者通过举出Razzaq运用教育技术实例的方法来展示教育技术的作用。故选A。 63．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Razzaq gives tests with the help of some educational platforms, which generate reports that summarize individual weak points. Then Razzaq could give instructions suiting their academic situations, making productive use of class time. (Razzaq在一些教育平台的帮助下进行测试，这些平台会生成总结个人弱点的报告。然后Razzaq就可以根据他们的学习情况给出指导，有效地利用课堂时间。)”可知，教育平台能提供关于学生学习情况的信息。故选D。 64．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“How could teachers do these among class prep and grading duties? I believe in applying educational technologies. (教师如何在课堂准备和评分任务中做到这些？我相信应用教育技术。)”及最后一段“More importantly, we need to examine our approach to education. Are we creating an environment where children can develop healthily? How are we satisfying the needs of our future generations? Only by knowing our vision can we decide the technology to complete the picture. (更重要的是，我们需要审视我们的教育方法。我们是否在为孩子们创造一个健康发展的环境？我们如何满足我们后代的需求？只有了解我们的愿景，我们才能决定用什么技术来完成这幅画面。)”可推知，作者最有可能是一位教育工作者。故选C。 （23-24高二下·浙江温州·期中）Secrets, whether they’re juicy, shocking or just plain funny, nothing compares to the thrill of opening up or listening to a friend’s confession (n.坦白). When a pal bares his heart to you, you can’t help but feel trusted and special. In fact, you’re a lot more likely now to tell him something you wouldn’t tell just anyone. When you’re first getting to know a new friend, start with small secrets. No secret is ever 100 water-proof, but you can take steps to prevent getting your feelings hurt. First, when something you’re telling a friend is a secret, always say so. Every time when you share something confidential (adj.保密的), tell her that this is “for your ears only.” Also, don’t assume (v.假定,认为) someone will keep your secrets just because you know some of hers. Some people just have a tendency to blurt things out, which is why it pays to get a feel for how good a secret-keeper your friend is. Finally, make sure you get a reputation as someone who takes secrets seriously. It’s not worth breaking a promise to a friend, but if a secret is too big for you to carry alone, you have a responsibility to tell someone. There are probably a few details about your life that you don’t feel like sharing, even with your closest friends. If the secret isn’t hurting you or your friendship, silence is golden. If you’re hiding something big and constantly worrying about your secret being leaked, it may be time to just spill (v.溢出) your beans. Taking control of a secret that’s eating you up inside isn’t easy. So it seems clear that knowing when to let the secret out and when to zip your lips will help you a lot. 65．What is the purpose of the writer to mention a pal in the text? A．To tell people when it’s okay to share a secret with someone. B．To tell people how to gain others’ trust. C．To tell people why he bares his heart to you. D．To tell people who is the right people to express your heart. 66．Which of the following best explains “blurt out” underlined in paragraph 2? A．Speak out without thinking. B．Badmouth somebody. C．Let out a secret. D．Keep a secret. 67．What does the text suggest you do when the secret is big and keeps making you worried? A．Keep it silently. B．Let the secret out. C．Share the secret with your closest friend. D．Take control of the secret. 68．What is the text mainly about? A．Tips to know when to give away secrets B．It’s always okay to tell a secret you promised to keep. C．How to be successful with different secrets. D．When to spill secrets 【答案】65．A 66．A 67．B 68．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文讨论了如何成功地拥有各种秘密。 65．推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“Secrets, whether they’re juicy, shocking or just plain funny, nothing compares to the thrill of opening up or listening to a friend’s confession”（秘密，无论是有趣的、令人震惊的还是纯粹搞笑的，都比不上向朋友敞开心扉或倾听朋友倾诉的那种激动。）可知，作者提到朋友的目的是告诉人们什么时候可以和别人分享秘密。故选A。 66．词句猜测题。根据第二段第四句“Some people just have a tendency to blurt things out, which is why it pays to get a feel for how good a secret-keeper your friend is.”（有些人就是有一种脱口而出的倾向，这就是为什么了解你的朋友是一个多么好的保密者是值得的。）可知，“blurt out”的意思是不假思索地说出。故选A。 67．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“If you’re hiding something big and constantly worrying about your secret being leaked, it may be time to just spill your beans.”（如果你隐藏了一些大的事情，并且不断担心你的秘密被泄露，那么也许是时候坦白了。）可知，当这个秘密很大，一直让你担心的时候，文章建议你把秘密说出来。故选B。 68．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“So it seems clear that knowing when to let the secret out and when to zip your lips will help you a lot.”（所以很明显，知道什么时候说出秘密，什么时候闭嘴，会对你有很大帮助。）可知，文章主要是讲如何成功保守不同的秘密。故选C。 （2024·浙江杭州·二模）Is forgiveness against our human nature? To answer our question, we need to ask a further question: What is the essence of our humanity? For the sake of simplicity, people consider two distinctly different views of humanity. The first view involves dominance and power. In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness, Droll (1984) made the interesting claim that humans’ essential nature is more aggressive than forgiving allows. Those who forgive are against their basic nature, much to their harm. In his opinion, forgivers are compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others, who might then take advantage of them. The second view involves the theme of cooperation, mutual respect, and even love as the basis of who we are as humans. Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings, we need both to receive love from and offer love to others. Without love, our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart. Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions. For example, how well has slavery worked as a mode of social harmony? From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans, forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness, shown through scientific studies, is the decreasing of hate and the restoration of harmony. Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger. At least to the extent the people from whom you are estranged (不和的) accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments. Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people. As an important note, when we take a classical philosophical perspective, we see the distinction between potentiality and actuality. We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive, but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive. The actuality of forgiving, in real situations, develops with practice. 69．What is Droll’s idea about forgiveness? A．People should offer mercy to others. B．Aggressive people should learn to forgive. C．Forgiveness depends on the nature of humanity. D．People who forgive can have their own welfare affected. 70．What does the example in Paragraph 3 illustrate? A．To fight is to grow. B．To give is to receive. C．To forgive is to abuse. D．To dominate is to harm. 71．What is the writer’s attitude toward forgiveness? A．Favorable. B．Reserved. C．Objective. D．Skeptical. 72．What message does the last paragraph convey? A．Forgiveness is in our nature. B．Forgiveness grows with time. C．It takes practice to forgive. D．Actuality is based on potentiality. 【答案】69．D 70．D 71．A 72．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章围绕“原谅是否违背人类本性”这一主题进行了深入的探讨和论证，通过对比不同的人类本性观点，分析了原谅在个体和社区中的作用和意义。 69．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Those who forgive are against their basic nature, much to their harm. In his opinion, forgivers are compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others, who might then take advantage of them.(那些宽恕的人违背了他们的本性，对他们造成了很大的伤害。在他看来，宽恕者在向他人提供仁慈的同时，也在损害自己的幸福，而这些人可能会利用他们)”可知，Droll认为宽恕的人违背了他们的本性，对他们造成了很大的伤害，他认为宽恕者在向他人提供仁慈的同时，也在损害自己的幸福。故选D。 70．推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“Without love, our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart. Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions.(没有爱，我们与生活中各种各样的人的联系就会破裂。甚至常识也强烈表明，控制他人的意愿并不会促成和谐的互动。)”可知，没有爱，我们与他人的联系就会破裂，控制他人的意愿并不会促成和谐的互动；结合下文“For example, how well has slavery worked as a mode of social harmony?(例如，奴隶制作为社会和谐的一种模式发挥了多大的作用？)”可知，奴隶制是一个基于对他人的支配和控制的制度，它造成了大量的伤害和痛苦，此处通过以奴隶社会举例，以反问的方式，来阐明试图通过支配和权力来控制他人并不能带来真正的和谐或幸福，即控制就是伤害。故选D。 71．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive, but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive.(我们不一定天生就有宽恕的能力，但我们有潜力去学习宽恕，并在宽恕的能力中成长)”可知，作者对于宽恕持支持的态度。故选A。 72．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“As an important note, when we take a classical philosophical perspective, we see the distinction between potentiality and actuality. We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive, but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive. The actuality of forgiving, in real situations, develops with practice.(值得注意的是，当我们从古典哲学的角度来看，我们看到了潜能和现实性之间的区别。我们不一定天生就有宽恕的能力，但我们有潜力去学习宽恕，并在宽恕的能力中成长。在现实生活中，宽恕的现实是随着实践而发展的)”可知，最后一段主要传达了原谅需要实践的信息。作者通过引用古典哲学中关于潜在性和实际性的观点，指出我们并不是天生就具备原谅的能力，而是需要通过学习和实践来培养和发展这种能力。因此，原谅并不是一种自然而然的行为，而是需要我们付出努力去实践的。故选C。 （23-24高二下·山西太原·期中）In this present age, we are heavily dependent on science and technology. Involving courses such as physics, chemistry and biology, a science-based education system can not only equip the young with knowledge of the rules of the world but also develop their scientific curiosity and problem-solving skills. With the benefits and objective attitude formed when learning, the young have more opportunities to be employed in cutting-edge research projects and big companies. So as for Arts or Science, they prefer the latter. However, we still rely much on the Arts to understand the world. Literature courses can help students to learn about different cultures by exposing them to various aspects of life and excite their imagination required by out-of-box ideas. Studying politics increases the awareness of global world. History can enrich them intellectually and socially, providing a deeper understanding of the world and their place within it. Also, Arts can develop emotional skills and moral values. A science-based education concentrating only on the latest scientific developments and breakthroughs, may overlook the study of moral values as well as significant historical affairs. For instance, countless possibilities can be realised through cloning, but science does not reveal the moral dilemmas (两难境地) of its indulgent development. It is essential for students to assess the far-reaching influence of science on the world and realise that it must ultimately be pursued reasonably and controllably. In conclusion, a science-based education certainly has its limitations. Nevertheless, a science-based education combined with enough exposure to values and the humanities would provide students with a deeper insight into the world. 73．Why is a science-based education system popular among the young according to the text? A．It has diverse courses. B．It provides more challenges. C．It favors their dreams of being a scientist. D．It contributes to more career opportunities. 74．How does the author introduce the role of Arts? A．By collecting data. B．By giving professional reports. C．By sharing personal experiences. D．By listing the values of different courses. 75．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “indulgent” in paragraph 3? A．Uncontrolled. B．Normal. C．Difficult. D．Sustainable. 76．What is the writing purpose of the text? A．To highlight the difficulty of science courses. B．To offer guidance on how to learn all subjects well. C．To recommend Science & Arts combined education. D．To stress the importance of the science-based education. 【答案】73．D 74．D 75．A 76．C 【导语】本文是议论文。讨论了以科学为基础的教育系统的优点和局限性，并提出了将科学教育与足够的人文价值观教育相结合的观点，以便为学生提供对世界的更深刻见解。 73．细节理解题。根据第一段“Involving courses such as physics, chemistry and biology, a science-based education system can not only equip the young with knowledge of the rules of the world but also develop their scientific curiosity and problem-solving skills. With the benefits and objective attitude formed when learning, the young have more opportunities to be employed in cutting-edge research projects and big companies.(以科学为基础的教育体系包括物理、化学和生物等课程，不仅可以让年轻人掌握世界规则的知识，还可以培养他们的科学好奇心和解决问题的能力。有了学习的好处和客观的态度，年轻人有更多的机会在前沿的研究项目和大公司工作)”可知，因为有助于创造更多的就业机会，所以以科学为基础的教育体系受到年轻人的欢迎。故选D项。 74．推理判断题。根据第二段“Literature courses can help students to learn about different cultures by exposing them to various aspects of life and excite their imagination required by out-of-box ideas. Studying politics increases the awareness of global world. History can enrich them intellectually and socially, providing a deeper understanding of the world and their place within it. Also, Arts can develop emotional skills and moral values.(文学课程可以帮助学生了解不同的文化，让他们接触到生活的各个方面，激发他们的想象力，打破常规的想法。学习政治增加了对全球世界的认识。历史可以丰富他们的智力和社会，使他们对世界和他们在其中的位置有更深的了解。此外，艺术可以培养情感技能和道德价值观)”可知，作者通过列出不同课程的价值来介绍艺术的作用。故选D项。 75．词句猜测题。根据前文“A science-based education concentrating only on the latest scientific developments and breakthroughs, may overlook the study of moral values as well as significant historical affairs.(以科学为基础的教育只关注最新的科学发展和突破，可能会忽视对道德价值观和重大历史事件的研究)”可知，本段主要讲述了以科学为基础的教育在道德上的不足，根据后文“For instance, countless possibilities can be realised through cloning(通过克隆可以实现无数的可能性)”可知，此处用克隆举例，虽然它可以实现无数的可能性，但如果不受控制的发展会让道德陷入两难境地，推知indulgent是“不受控制”之意，和A项意思相近。故选A项。 76．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“In conclusion, a science-based education certainly has its limitations. Nevertheless, a science-based education combined with enough exposure to values and the humanities would provide students with a deeper insight into the world.(总之，以科学为基础的教育当然有其局限性。然而，以科学为基础的教育，加上足够的价值观和人文学科的接触，将使学生更深入地了解世界)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述以科学为基础的教育系统的优点和局限性，所以推荐理文结合教育。故选C项。 （23-24高二下·北京房山·期中）A person could be forgiven for believing 20 years ago that the Internet would soon revolutionise academic publishing, because it became possible for publishers to spread scholarly work at the click of a button — much cheaper than the traditional subscription-based (订阅) model. Recognising the opportunity, many scholars and librarians started to advocate a new, open access model, in which articles are made freely available online to anyone. The result would be a true online public library of science. However, more than two decades later, the movement has made little progress, and the traditional subscription-based model remains entrenched. Fortunately, things are changing. A big shoe dropped when the University of California (UC) Libraries, on of the biggest library systems, declined to renew its contract with Elsevier, a leading scientific publisher. Elsevier wanted the libraries to pay two fees: one for its package of licensed journals and the other for the use of Elsevier’s open access model. UC Libraries wanted the licensed journals fee to cover the open access fee; they also wanted open access to all UC researches published in Elsevier journals. When the two sides couldn’t come to terms, the libraries walked away. Actually, the open access revolution is more likely to be led by research funding agencies, who can use their purse power to promote open access. A team of funders, Coalition S, insisted that any research they fund should be published in a journal that makes all of its articles freely and immediately available to the public, which is called Plan S. Now that some librarians and funders are flexing their muscles, what should academics do? The worst response would be to complain that Plan S deprives (剥夺) them of academic freedom. Some thoughtful academics might worry that a shift to open access would affect their promotion. After all, subscription journals are more familiar and more prestigious (有威望的) in the current system. However, if enough academics support open access, the system could reach a tipping point beyond which subscriptions no longer signal prestige. Reaching that point would take considerable time and efforts, but it is possible. When the journal system started in 1665, it was kind of a form of open access. Journals allowed academics to learn openly from one another. It was only in the 1900s that the journal system became thoroughly commoditized (商品化). Now is the time to bring it back to its roots. 77．What does the underlined word “entrenched” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．Unpopular. B．Unfixed. C．Unchanged. D．Unknown. 78．What is the main cause of the failed negotiation between UC Libraries and Elsevier? A．The number of published researches. B．The charge for open access model. C．The duration of the contract. D．The way of payment. 79．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Academics think open access model will help them get promoted. B．Publishers are willing to abandon the subscription model gradually. C．Establishing a true online public library of science requires joint efforts. D．Open access model will soon take the place of subscription-based model. 80．What is the author’s attitude towards the open access model? A．Disapproving. B．Indifferent. C．Doubtful. D．Supportive. 【答案】77．C 78．B 79．C 80．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了学术出版领域中的开放获取模式与传统基于订阅的模式之间的对比和冲突。 77．词句猜测题。根据划线单词上一句“However, more than two decades later, the movement has made little progress(然而，20多年过去了，这项运动几乎没有取得任何进展)”可推测，传统的订阅模式依然根深蒂固。所以entrenched为“不变的；根深蒂固的”之意。选项A“Unpopular (不受欢迎)”；选项B“Unfixed (不固定的)”；选项C“Unchanged(不变的)”；选项D“Unknown (未知的)”。故选C。 78．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Elsevier wanted the libraries to pay two fees: one for its package of licensed journals and the other for the use of Elsevier’s open access model. UC Libraries wanted the licensed journals fee to cover the open access fee; they also wanted open access to all UC researches published in Elsevier journals. When the two sides couldn’t come to terms, the libraries walked away.( Elsevier希望图书馆支付两项费用：一项是其授权期刊包，另一项是使用爱思唯尔的开放获取模式。加州大学图书馆希望授权期刊费用能够覆盖开放获取费用;他们还想开放访问所有发表在Elsevier期刊上的加州大学的研究。当双方无法达成协议时，图书馆走开了。)”可知，加州大学图书馆和Elsevier之间的谈判失败，主要是因为预期费用和访问权限上的分歧。故选B。 79．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“However, if enough academics support open access, the system could reach a tipping point beyond which subscriptions no longer signal prestige. Reaching that point would take considerable time and efforts, but it is possible.(然而，如果有足够多的学者支持开放获取，该系统可能会达到一个临界点，超过这个临界点，订阅就不再意味着威望。达到这一点需要相当长的时间和努力，但这是可能的。)”可知，建立一个真正的在线科学公共图书馆需要大家的共同努力。故选C。 80．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“When the journal system started in 1665, it was kind of a form of open access. Journals allowed academics to learn openly from one another. It was only in the 1900s that the journal system became thoroughly commoditized (商品化). Now is the time to bring it back to its roots(当期刊系统在1665年开始的时候，它是一种开放获取的形式。期刊允许学者们公开地相互学习。直到20世纪，期刊系统才彻底商品化。现在是时候把它带回它的根源。)”可知，当学术期刊系统在1665年开始时，它实际上是一种开放获取的形式，允许学者们互相公开学习。只是在20世纪，期刊系统才完全商品化。现在是时候让它回归其本源了。这些描述表明作者支持开放获取模式，并认为应该将其恢复到最初的状态。因此，作者对于开放获取模型的态度是支持的。故选D。 32 / 32 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$