课时作业(11)（配套练习）-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第一册（北师大版2019）

课时作业(十一)UNIT3 答案精解P.. Period One Topic Talk & Lesson 1-Comprehending(限时:30分钟) I.阅读 the desert. They survive on a diet of dry grass seeds. 7 which they first bury underground. Because the Thorny devils, rattlesnakes, kangaroo rats and underground soil is wetter than the surface soil. more have developed smart ways for surviving in stored seeds may absorb as much as 30 percent more water-scarce(缺k的) enyironments water than ones above ground. So when the rats eat Thorny devils their seeds, they get both food and water. In Australian deserts live some animals known 1. Where do Namib desert beetles live? as thorny devils. These animals specialize in eating A. In Australian deserts. ants, which are also where they get their water. B. In the US Midwest plains But when ants are scarce, or conditions are even C. In southwestern Africa. drier than normal, they have a backup. All they have D. In Canada's Rocky Mountains. to do is to kick the sand up onto their backs and let 2. What is unique about kangaroo rats? the network of tiny canals(沟渠) on their skins to A. They drink underground water. catch small amounts of water and guide the liquid B. They bury their backs to get water. directly to their mouth. C. They don't need water to survive. Namib desert beetles D. They just use their food to gather water. An ocean away in southwestern Africa, the 3. Which may have a better chance of surviving in Namib desert beetles pull off a similar trick. They food-scarce environments? use their backs as a cooler to catch water trapped in A. Thorny devils. the morning fog. As the droplets grow in size, they B. Desert rattlesnakes. run down the insects' backs toward their mouths. C. Kangaroo rats. Desert rattlesnakes D. Namib desert beetles. 2 Desert rattlesnakes of the western US are able to live on just one hearty meal a year. But without a Sunny Goyal and Unnati Mittal went on a trip to drink of water now and then, the snakes would dry the Amarkantak Hills where they noticed a lot of up and breathe their last in a few days. plastic waste lying around destroying the beauty of So how do they survive way up in the Rocky the place. They saw animals consuming that plastic Mountains, where water is scarce? Easy, They turn and tourists throwing away more single-use plastic. their bodies into bowls in the evening to collect the and learned that the locals also burn plastic waste dew(露水). With their cold bodies flattened into a along with wood to keep themselves warm. The bowl, the dew gathers on their skin. amount of environmental pollution shocked the two Kangaroo rats students. Returning to their campus, Narsee Monjee These pocket-size animals in the US Midwest Institute of Management Studies ( NMIMS) in plains never drink water. They spend 75 percent of Indore, they realized the problem was everywhere. their time in underground holes to avoid the heat in “We saw our friends and other students throwing .147: single-use plastic away wherever they liked, even 6. What helped the students figure out suitable plastic when thrown in garbage bins, none of it had been for ereating furniture? treated properly. And all of it ended up in landfills A. Assessing the cost. (垃圾填埋场). We decided to do something about B. Testing the chemieals. this.”Sunny says. C. Identifying the melting temperature. And this is how Plament was born. Plament is a D. Comparing different plastic materials with wood. start-up that develops a unique material from plastie 7. How does Sunny feel about the future of the furniture waste that can be then used to build eco-friendly made from the new material? furniture(家具) and items for indoor decoration. The A. Worried. B. Uncertain. material that these students have created is 1oo per C. Optimistic. D. Unconcerned cent recycled and made out of plastic waste. "We ,。 were business students and didn't know much about Rain is vital to life on Earth. However, rain isn' the entire process. Our teachers at NMIMS helped us just made of water anymore-it's partly made of plastic. understand and also provided us with access to the labs. We made our first sample(样品) at our campus Millions of tiny pieces of plastic, called microplastics. and within a few months of experimentation, we are wandering around Earth's atmosphere and traveling aeross entire continents, according to a developed the material from plastic waste."explains Unnati Adding to that, Sunny says, "We collected study published in the journal Proceedings of the different types of plastic waste, and each one has National Acadeny of Sciences on April 12. Another different melting temperature. We had to figure out study, published in the journal Science in June 2020. what kind of plastic or plastic waste would be has revealed that every year more than 1.ooo tons of suitable to create furniture, after that it went the particles(颗粒)-equivalent to over 120 million through several processes like compression(压缩) plastic bottles-fall in rain. and chemical treatment. The material created is Microplastics are plastic particles less than 5 finally heat- and water-resistant and scratch-proof millimeters in diameter(直 径) and come from a (防划伤的). The furniture made from this is lower in number of sources. Plastic bags and bottles released cost than wooden furniture and what other plastic into the environnent break down into smaller and competitor brands offer. And it is not as harmful as smaller bits. Some microplastics are manufactured regular plastic." deliberately to provide abrasion(研磨) in a host of 4. What does Paragraph 1 mainly talk about? products, such as toothpaste and cleansers, according to A. The experience of a trip full of waste. the Daily Mail. Another major source is your B. The motivation for establishing Plament. washing machine. When you wash synthetic(合成的) C. The pollution that needs to be dealt with. clothing, tiny microfibers get flushed(冲掉) away D. The reason why Sunny and Unnati got shocked. with the wastewater. Even though the water is 5. What did the students do first to develop the material treated by a wastewater plant, the microplastics from plastic waste? remain, and they are released into the sea, according A. They consulted with the teachers. to American magazine Wired. B. They did months of trials in the lahs Plastic rain may remind people of acid rain, but C. They invited other students to join them. the former is far more widespread and harder to deal D. They collected as much plastic waste as they could with. The tiny particles, too small to be seen with .148· the naked eye, are collected by the wind from the B. To warn people of the dangers of microplastics ground. They are so light that they stay in the air to C. To call on people to reduce using plastic products be blown around the globe. As they climb into the D. To introduce the sources and effects of microplastics atmosphere, they are thought to act as nuclei(核心) II. 阅读七选五 around which water vapor(水蒸气) condenses(凝结) Ways to Save Money While Traveling to form clouds. Some of the dust falls back to land in Who doesn't like to save money when possible? dry conditions, while the rest comes down as rain. Traveling can be expensive, but with the right according to the Daily Mail. strategy you can bring down the cost. 1 Microplastics have been found everywhere you Look for free activities, If you do a little can imagine. From fish and frogs to mice and mosquitoes. research, you'll see there are often lots of free their bodies have been found, on average, to contain activities in the area. Look at community calendars to 40 pieces of microplastic, reported the Daily Mail. see what is going on in town while you are there. As the top of the food chain, humans are exposed to 2 Museums often have a"pay what you can" day microplastics, too. "We live on a ball inside a once a week and sometimes have discounted bubble," microplastic researcher Steve Allen at admission after a certain time of the day. University of Strathclyde, Scotland, told Wired. 3 Although some people might not like to “There are no borders, there are no edges. It(plastie cook while on vacation. I don't mind making rain) rains on the land and then gets blown back up breakfast in my room. I love having a cup of coffee. into the air again, to move somewhere else. There's but room service can be very expensive. 4 A no stopping once it's out." microwave and fridge will also be helpful for 8. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? reheating leftovers. A. How microplastics should be handled. Shop at farmers' markets and local stores. 5 B. How microplastics are used widely. Also, shopping at local stores allows you to taste the C. How microplastics pollute water. local cuisine without having to pay the price of a D. How microplastics come into being. restaurant. 9. What do we know about microplastics? Buy some local fish and cook it up at your condo A. They are light and can be easily dealt with. (公寓). B. They result in both acid rain and plastic rain. What are your tips for saving money while traveling? C. They have a diameter of at least 5 millimeters. A. Rent an apartment instead of having to get two rooms. D. They have nearly affected the whole food chain B. Book a room with refrigerator, microwave or 10. What do Steve Allen's words mean in the last kitchen area. paragraph? C. Try these tips on your next vacation and your A. No place is safe from microplastic pollution wallet will thank you. B. The atmosphere possesses the capacity to self- D. I try to never eat at attractions because they tend cleanse. to raise the price. C. Countries should work together to fight plastic E. Do a self-guided walking tour to make yourself pollution. familiar with your destination. D. It is important to remove microplastics somewhere F. I'd rather eat in the room for breakfast and lunch else. and then splurge(挥霍) on delicious dinner. 11. What's the main purpose of the article? G. Farmers' markets often lower the price of their A. To compare acid rain and plastiec rain food towards the end of the day. .149.6.dried 考查非谓语动词。句意:这些多汗的水果在秋天收获 1.C 细节理解题。根据Namibdesert beetles部分中的第一句 后干燥一天,可以更好地保存在该县的共享冷库中。此处为 可知,这种甲虫生活在非洲西南部,故选C项。 非谓语,动词dry和其逻辑主语fruits之间是动宾关系,故用 2.D 细节理解题。根据Kangaroorats部分中的第一句和 其过去分词作后置定语。 They survive on a diet of dry grass seeds可知,更格卢鼠独特 7.between 考查介词。句意;新鲜称猴桃储存在零下1摄氏度 的一点在于它们不喝水,只靠食物获取水分,故选D项。 到1摄氏度之间,用自动酒水器和充足的氢气保持水分 3. B 推理判断题。根据Desert rattlesnakes部分中的第一句可 between...and...在.....和......之间,为固定搭配. 知,响尾蛇对食物的依赖度是最低的,更适合在食物短缺的 8.A 考查冠词。句意;该县还设立了一个以称猴桃为主题的 环境下生存,故选B项。 博物馆,用来展示孙猴桃的历史和现代工业发展。此处 B museum是泛指概念,且kiwifruit-themed的发音以辅音音素 开头,用不定冠词a限定,另外,句首单词首字母大写。 主题语境:人与自然/环境保护。本文为记叙文, 语篇 考查非谓语动词,句意参见上题解析。此处用不 导读 9. to display 讲述了两名印度高校学生以废旧塑料为原材料制造低 定式作目的状语。 成本环保家具。 10. further 考查比较等级。句意:当地政府已与高校合作,进 4.B 段落大意题。根据第一段第四句可知,他们旅行归来后 一步提高水果的生产效率和口感。根据句意可知,此处应 发现随意处理塑料垃圾的问题普遍存在,这是他们成立 用far的比较级further修饰动词improve,表示“进一步”。 Plament的动机。第二段的第一句也说明了这点,故选B项。 V.小作文 5.A 推理判断题。根据第二段可知,作为商学院的学生,他们 One possible version: 对如何用塑料垃圾研发新家具材料的过程知之甚少,所以第 Dear Tom, To enrich students' school life and promote students 一步就是向老师们咨询相关知识,故选A项。 6.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段可知,不同材料的熔化温度 awareness of innovation, a technology festival was held in our 可以帮助他们鉴别合适的原料,故选C项。 school last month There were various activities in the festival, including 7.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,这种材料有很多的优 Makers on Campus, where participants could show the students 点,用这种材料制造的家具在价格上也有竞争力,Sunny对其 original inventions, designs and literary works. With the 未来的发展是很乐观的,故选C项。 enthusiastic participation and support of all the students, the C activity turned out to be a great success. I was astonished at 语篇 主题语境:人与自然/环境保护,本文为说明文。 schoolmates' creativity and teamwork spirits. 导读 微塑料无处不在,本文分析了它的来源和对生物造成 I do hope more activities will be held in my school to 的影响。 provide us with chances to practice our critical thinking and problem-solving abilities. 8.D 段落大意题。根据第三段首句和下文提到的三种微塑料 Yours. 来源可推知,本段主要讲微塑料是怎么形成的,故选D项。 Li Hua 9.D 细节理解题。根据第五段前三句可知,微塑料存在于整 11.读后续写 个生物食物链中,故选D项。 One possible version: 10.A 推理判断题。根据第五段SteveAllen的话可推知,他认 Then one morning I was candling Bonnie when I noticed a 为微塑料造成的污染无法逃避,没有安全的地方,故选A项。 gentle peck(啄). Was it coming out? I immediately looked closely. 11.D目的意图题。本文用雨引出微塑料无处不在这一话题 anxious. The sound stopped, then continued and then stopped 第三段分析了微塑料的三个来源,四、五段介绍它对生物的 again as if Bonnie was taking a rest from time to time. There was 影响。由此推断,本文的主要目的是介绍微塑料的来源和 no better sound in the world. I held my breath and waited 影响,故选D项。 patiently. After what seemed like ages, with a crack, Bonnie II.阅读七选五 broke out of the shell! He was wet, weak and ugly at first 语篇 主题语境:人与社会/社会服务。本文为说明文, sight. But it didn't take long for him to dry up and he jumped 导读 around curiously. In the following days, the other five came out 介绍了旅行时省钱的一些方法。 one by one. It was absolutely amazing. 1.C 顺承关系。下文介绍了旅行时一些省钱的方法,因此 The day came when I was supposed to hand in my science C项(下次假期试试这些小空门.你会节省许多钱)切题,故选 fair project. I packed up all my chickens, documents and charts C项. and went to school. Upon arriving, these beautiful little things 2.E 并列关系。根据下一句可知,博物馆通常每周有一次“尽 caught immediate attention. The whole class stuck around for a 你所能支付”日,有时在一天中的某个时间后可以打折入场 whole morning, asking various questions with great excitement. 本空要同下一句一样来叙述寻找免费活动的具体做法,故选 I shared with them the process as well as the joy of witnessing a E项。 new life coming into this world. Mrs Brubeck was also quite 3.B 转折关系。下一句讲到虽然有些人可能不喜欢在度假时 impressed. "You've got six alive! The record is three!" What 做饭,前后语意转折。B项(预订一间有冰箱、微波炉或厨房 she said filled me with a sense of achievement. What an experience! 区域的房间)符合语境,故选B项。 课时作业(十一) 4.F 因果关系。“我”喜欢喝杯咖啡,但是客房服务可能很贵 I.阅读 可知,本空与上一句为因果关系,故选F项(我宁愿在房间里 吃早餐和午餐,然后挥霍吃一顿美味的晚餐)。 A 5.G 因果关系。上一句讲到在农贸市场和当地商店购物,本 主题语境:人与自然/自然生态。本文为说明文, 语篇 空要说明在农贸市场和当地商店购物的原因。G项(农贸市场 导读 介绍了棘、响尾蛇等动物如何以独特的方式在缺水 往往会在一天要结束时降低他们的食物价格)符合语境,故选 环境中存活。 G项。 ·189·