精品解析：福建省三明第一中学2023～2024学年高一下学期第二次月考英语试卷

三明一中2023-2024学年下学期第二次月考 高一英语试题 本试卷共12页，满分150分，考试用时120分钟。 注意事项： 1、答题前，考生务必用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号和座位号填写在答题卡上，将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。 2、作答选择题时，每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。 3、非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液，不按以上要求作答的答案无效。 4、考生必须保持答题卡的整洁；考试结束后，将答题卡交回。 第Ⅰ卷 第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What is the man doing? A. Arranging work. B. Giving some advice. C. Making a complaint. 2. Who is the boy probably talking to? A. His aunt. B. His sister. C. His classmate. 3. What is the man satisfied with about the movie? A. The plot. B. The actor. C. The box office. 4. How does the man sound? A. Strict. B. Amazed. C. Pleased. 5. How long does the man sleep every day? A.7 hours. B.8 hours. C. 9 hours. 第二节 （共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6和第7两个小题。 6. At which crossroads should the woman tum left? A. The first one. B. The second one. C. The third one. 7. What is the woman probably going to do next? A. Head to a school. B. Buy some books. C. Go to Peace Street. 听第7段材料，回答第8和第9两个小题。 8. Why is the man surprised? A. Leo is very good at sports. B. Leo is only interested in studying. C. Leo won first place in a competition. 9. Where are the speakers likely to go next? A. To the office. B. To the playground. C. To the classroom. 听第8段材料，回答第10至第12三个小题。 10. Which season does the man like best? A. Winter. B. Spring. C. Autumn. 11. What does the woman say about the weather in her country? A. It isn’t hot in summer. B. It often snows in winter. C. It isn’t very cold in winter. 12. How often do hurricanes occur in the woman’s country? A. About once a year. B. About three times a year. C. About once every two years. 听第9段材料，回答第13至第16四个小题。 13. How does the woman probably feel at first? A. Curious. B. Anxious. C. Confused. 14. Why is the woman unwilling to seek help from Jack? A. He isn’t professional. B. He doesn’t have time. C. They argued with each other. 15. Who is probably the man? A. A writer. B. A teacher. C. A student. 16. What does the woman plan to do today? A Complete her task. B. See a movie with the man. C. Start to write a new novel. 听第10段材料，回答第17至第20四个小题。 17. In which country did Take Our Daughters to Work Day start? A. Britain. B. Germany. C. The United States. 18. Who can enjoy Take Our Daughters to Work Day? A. A 10-year-old girl. B. A 13-year-old girl C. A 16-year-old girl. 19. What is the purpose of Take Our Daughters to Work Day? A. To help the girls build self-confidence. B. To make the girls know about various jobs. C. To let the girls get to know their parents better. 20. What is Zarina’s mother? A. A nurse. B. A manager. C. A lawyer. 第二部分：阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Everyone has unique needs and preferences, and individual sleep requirements are no different. However, the amount of sleep you need per night is mainly determined by your age. Official recommendations for the length of a person’s sleep are broken down by age group: Older adults (65+): 7–8 hours Adults (18–64 years): 7–9 hours Teenagers (14–17 years): 8–10 hours School children (6–13 years): 9–11 hours Preschoolers (3–5 years): 10–13 hours (including naps) Toddlers (1–2 years): 11–14 hours (including naps) Infants (4–12 months): 12–15 hours (including naps) Newborns (0–3 months): 14–17 hours However, some people might need more or less sleep than is generally recommended, depending on the following factors. Genetic makeup Your genetics are an important factor in how many hours of sleep you need per night. For example, those with one specific genetic mutation (基因突变) need only around 6 hours, whereas people without it require about 8 hours, on average. Sleep quality The quality of your sleep can also affect how much you need. If your sleep quality is poor, you may find that you still feel tired after getting what should be considered enough. Therefore, it’s not only important to focus on sleeping long enough but also on sleeping well enough. If you often feel like you aren’t sleeping well or are extremely tired and don’t know why, it’s a good idea to check in with your healthcare provider. 1. What is the main reason for the amount of sleep we need per night? A. Sleep quality. B. Genetics. C. Our age. D. Our eating habits. 2. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. All the school children need to sleep for 9 to 11 hours. B. If you feel tired, please consult your healthcare provider. C. Those with genetic mutation only need to sleep around 6 hours. D. Due to poor sleep quality, you feel tired though you’ve slept enough. 3. Where does this passage most probably come from? A. A travel brochure. B. A health magazine. C. A fashion website. D. A sports newspaper. B As I look up at the hundreds of fireworks in the sky, I hear the bells ringing in a small temple suggesting the coming of the Chinese New Year. Though I may not believe in or understand many of the New Year traditions here, the similarities between the coming of this New Year and the beginning of my new life in China are not lost on me. My first few days in China were a culture shock to say the least. Having arrived late in the term, I immediately had to start my beginners’ Chinese classes, along with the newest class of overseas students. Being surrounded by a language that is not your own is unbelievably frustrating and isolating（孤立的）. Due to the picture-based fashion of Chinese writing, it’s not like you can have a guess, or work it out through whatever little knowledge you have other Latin-originated languages. If you don’t know what it says, then that’s it. However, with time passing, I have found myself progressing, though painfully slowly. The first time I directed a taxi by myself, the driver actually understood where I wanted to go, which was hugely rewarding. Still, it is never long until my lack of language skill is exposed and I come crashing back to earth, usually immediately upon leaving the taxi. Gaining a language is a huge valuable skill. However, it is not the only thing I will gain in China. After this year of learning Chinese, I aim to gain my Master’s degree here at UJN. Opportunities do just pop up rather occasionally: from being offered jobs teaching English, to being asked to appear on game-shows for Shandong TV. So, for now, I am just looking forward to expanding my cultural horizons and enjoying my time here. Everything takes some time getting used to, but that’s part of the adventure and, most of all, employment. So, much like the Chinese New Year that I was lucky enough to be part of, I am just looking forward to a fresh start and a new journey in China. 4. Why couldn’t the author guess the meaning of the Chinese language? A. Because of his late arrival. B. Because of his experience of culture shock. C. Because of the unique way of Chinese writing. D. Because of his knowing little of the Latin language. 5. What does the author want to show through his taxi experience? A. He is poor at using public transport. B. He finds it easy to order a taxi in China. C. He is good at chatting with the taxi driver. D. He is pleased to have made progress in Chinese. 6. What is the author’s present expectation? A. To settle down in China. B. To become a host on TV. C. To be a teaching assistant. D. To take part in more cultural activities. 7. What can we learn from the author’s account? A. Studying in China is challenging but rewarding. B Coming to China brings about more opportunities. C. Learning Chinese is a good way to get valuable skills. D. Communicating in Chinese is an enjoyable experience. C Artificial intelligence (AI) is showing promise in earthquake prediction, challenging the long-held belief that it is impossible. Researchers at the University of Texas, Austin, have developed an AI algorithm (算法) that correctly predicted 70% of earthquakes a week in advance during a trial in China and provided accurate strength calculations for the predicted earthquakes. The research team adopted a relatively simple machine learning approach. The AI was provided with a set of statistical features based on the team’s knowledge of earthquake physics, and then instructed to train itself using a five-year database of earthquake recordings. Once trained, the AI provided its prediction by listening for signs of incoming earthquakes within the background rumblings (隆隆声) in the Earth. This work is clearly a milestone in research for AI-driven earthquake prediction. “You don’t see earthquakes coming,” explains Alexandros Savvaidis, a senior research scientist who leads the Texas Seismological Network Program (TexNet). “It’s a matter of milliseconds, and the only thing you can control is how prepared you are. Even with the 70% accuracy, that’s a huge result and could help minimize economic and human losses and has the potential to remarkably improve earthquake preparation worldwide.” While it is unknown whether the same approach will work at other locations, the researchers are confident that their AI algorithm could produce more accurate predictions if used in areas with reliable earthquake tracking networks. The next step is to test artificial intelligence in Texas, since UT’s Bureau TexNet has 300 earthquake stations and over six years worth of continuous records, making it an ideal location for these purposes. Eventually, the authors hope to combine the system with physics-based models. This strategy could prove especially important where data is poor or lacking. “That may be a long way off, but many advances such as this one, taken together, are what moves science forward,” concludes Scott Tinker, the bureau’s director. 8. How does the AI predict earthquakes? A. By identifying data from the satellites. B. By analyzing background sounds in the Earth. C. By modeling data based on earthquake recordings. D. By monitoring changes in the Earth’s magnetic field. 9. What does Alexandros Savvaidis intend to show in paragraph3? A. The ways to reduce losses in earthquakes. B. The importance of preparing for earthquakes. C. The significance of developing the AI prediction. D. The limitation of AI algorithms in earthquake prediction. 10. What does the follow-up research focus on? A. Conducting tests in different locations. B. Applying the AI approach to other fields. C. Building more earthquake stations in Texas. D. Enlarging the database to train the calculation accuracy. 11. Which words can best describe the earthquake-predicting technology? A. Stable but outdated. B. Effective but costly. C. Potential and economical. D. Advanced and promising. D Initial conversations can have a huge impact on how relationships develop over time. People are often stuck in the impressions they think they might have made the minute they finish speaking with someone for the first time: “Did they like me or were they just being polite?” “Were they deep in thought or deeply bored?” To find out whether these worries are necessary, we have conducted nearly 10 years of research. In our studies, participants in the UK talked with someone they had never met before. Afterward, they were asked how much they liked their conversation partner and how much they believed that their conversation partner liked them. This allowed us to compare how much people believed they were liked to how much they were actually liked. Time and time again, we found that people left their conversations with negative feelings about the impression they made. That is, people systematically underestimate how much their conversation partners like them and enjoy their company — a false belief we call the “liking gap”. This bias (偏见) may seem like something that would occur only in initial interactions, but its effects extend far beyond a first impression. Surprisingly, the liking gap can constantly affect a variety of relationships, including interactions with coworkers, long after the initial conversations have taken place. Having a larger liking gap is associated with being less willing to ask workmates for help, less willing to provide workmates with open and honest feedback, and less willing to work on another project together. There are numerous strategies to minimize your biased feelings. One place to start is shifting your focus of attention. Try to direct your attention to your conversation partner, be genuinely curious about them, ask them more questions, and really listen to their answers. The more you’re zeroed in on the other person, and the less you’re focused on yourself, the better your conversation will be and the less your mind will turn to all the things you think you didn’t do well. 12. Why did the author carry out 10 years of research? A. To dismiss national concerns. B. To check out a potential bias. C. To enhance human communication. D. To develop harmonious relationships. 13. What is one effect of people’s liking gap? A. Fewer chances of new projects. B. Underestimation of their ability. C. Bad relationships with people around. D. Low willingness to interact with others. 14. What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph? A. Restate opinions. B. Deliver warnings. C. Give suggestions. D. Make a summary. 15. Which might be the best title for the text? A. Liking Gap May Influence Work Performances B. First Impressions Rely On Initial Conversations C. People Probably Like You More Than You Think D. How People Like You Matters Less Than You Assume 第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。 Want a relaxing but fun challenge at home? ____16____ Puzzles have been around for more than 250 years and the challenge of working out where each piece goes and carefully recreating the scene on the box lid can keep you busy for hours, days or even weeks. Puzzles come in a huge range of sizes and difficulty levels. For beginners, a 100-piece puzzle is usually a good starting point. ____17____ Try grouping pieces with the same colors or design because they will probably go in the same area once the puzzle takes shape. ____18____ Those pieces are easier to find because they have a straight side. Stay patient as you search through and try to make it fit together. You may not find any connecting pieces for ages but then several may suddenly appear. For a real test, puzzles that have 1,000 pieces or more are a tough task and it’s best to complete them with friends or family if you can. Choosing a scene that interests you, such as a favourite film, sport or location, can help keep you interested and determined to work to the final piece. You can get fun educational puzzles, too. ____19____ Some of the best places to pick up puzzles are charity shops. They’re often on sale for less than £5. Once you have completed a puzzle, it’s nice to exchange it with a friend. ____20____ You just upload an image, such as a family scene, and they will make a puzzle from it and post it to you. It makes lovely and unusual present. A. So others can have a go. B. You can’t beat a good puzzle. C. Some companies make personalized puzzles. D. However, a good start doesn’t always lead to a good result. E. Most people like to start by getting the four edges of a puzzle laid out. F. It can get you used to sorting out how the shapes, patterns and colors go together. G. For example, you may try a map of the world or historical timelines. 第三部分：语言运用（共三节，满分40分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 My Ph.D. adviser called me into his office saying, “You are fired from the lab.” I had moved to Israel to study for a Ph.D. At first, things went well in my new lab. Then I ____21____ some problems. I made a few mistakes in the lab that slowed my ____22____ , but he never spoke to me about any concerns. I`m still not ____23____ why he fired me, but I guess it was because of those mistakes. He wasn`t confident that I could ____24____ my research in time as we`d planned. The first few days after I was fired were especially ____25____. I spent hours staring at my computer screen, unable to get anything done. I tried to ____26____ his mind with promising results, but he ____27____ to his decision. I could not tell the news to my family in India, as the fear of ____28____ them overwhelmed (压垮) me. I soon got into a ____29____ of sadness and anxiety. Around that time, I watched a movie — Dasvidaniya. One line from the movie stuck out to me, “When life gives you lemons, make lemonade”. What kind of lemonade could I make out of my present ____30____ My desire to complete a Ph.D. was never in doubt. After much ____31____, I told myself that one ____32____ attempt was not the end of the world, and that I needed to give it another ____33____. With renewed ____34____, I emailed expected advisers and applied to other programs. Within 2 months, I ____35____ an offer from a Ph.D. program in Italy. 21. A. ran into B. came into C. stepped into D. looked into 22. A. plan B. research C. graduation D. report 23 A. satisfied B. doubtful C. shocked D. certain 24. A. improve B. smooth C. complete D. solve 25. A. difficult B. special C. flexible D. unique 26. A. keep B. read C. change D. clear 27. A. stuck B. turned C. devoted D. took 28. A. frightening B. disappointing C. challenging D. tricking 29 A. habit B. trouble C. state D. pressure 30. A. moment B. control C. level D. situation 31. A. reflection B. judgment C. treatment D. discussion 32. A. gained B. failed C. rated D. gathered 33. A. chance B. hope C. aim D. shot 34. A. energy B. balance C. interest D. confidence 35. A. produced B. landed C. operated D. responded 第Ⅱ卷 第三部分：语言运用 第二节 单句填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 根据句意，在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 36. He tried to solve his ________(finance) problems, but he couldn’t. (所给词的适当形式填空) 37. China became the third country in the world ________ (send) independently humans into space in2003. (所给词的适当形式填空) 38. Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk, ________ (follow) by the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface. (所给词的适当形式填空) 39. As ________ result, space-based science has helped farming in its efforts to grow enough food to feed Earth’s increasing population. (用适当的词填空) 40. In the shop, there is a wide range of ________ (option) for Henry to choose from. (所给词的适当形式填空) 41. Countries around the globe are spending billions of dollars and lots of time on various space missions, whether to Mars ________ other planets much further away. (用适当的词填空) 42. In order to provide ________ such a rapidly increasing population, scientists are trying to find other planets that could one day be our new home. (用适当的词填空) 43. The two gentlemen decided to make a bet which would settle their ________ (argue). (所给词的适当形式填空) 44. It was the ship ________ brought Henry to England. (用适当的词填空) 45. The next morning I ________ (spot) by a ship.（所给词适当形式填空） 第三节 语篇填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Situated in Beijing’s Shichahai scenic area, CAVE looks no different from any ____46____ cafe in the city on the outside,____47____ people stepping in for a cup of coffee will find it interesting inside. Some customers are holding and touching hedgehogs (刺猬) ____48____ (gentle) in their palms. In recent years, an increasing number of animal themed cafes ____49____ (gain) huge popularity among China’s city dwellers. With this ____50____ (rise) trend, a bunch of eateries making money out of housing unique animals such as hedgehogs has sprung up. In Beijing alone, there are several cafes or restaurants like CAVE. There is a Japanese pub, ____51____ has three raccoons (浣熊) and a cafe where customers can take ____52____ (photo) with about 30 huskies (哈士奇). CAVE. which is a also the city’s first hedgehog themed cafe, now has seven hedgehogs kept in cages in a room ____53____ (separate) from the dining area. If customers want to play with the hedgehogs, they need to put ____54____ thick gloves and the waiters will bring them out and put them onto the customers’ hands. “I think hedgehogs are a very good idea. It’s original and interesting,” said Serhii Melnyk, a tourist from Poland who _____55_____ (stop) by the café to grab an Americano and was attracted to the animal. 第四部分：写作（共两节 满分25分） 第一节 英汉互译 ：（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分） 56. The International Space Station has provided a continuous human presence in space. (英译汉) ___________________________________________________________________________________________. 57. As a matter of fact, I landed in Britain by accident. （英译汉） 58. 一直以来，人们仰望星空，对太空充满了遐想。 (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________. 59. 你不应该以貌取人。(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________. 60. 总而言之，太空探索给世界带来了种种好处。(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________. 第二节 书面表达（满分15分） 61. 假定你是校学生会主席李华，校学生会将举行名为“送你一朵花（A Flower for You）”的感恩活动，请你写一则倡议，内容包括： 1.活动目的； 2.活动内容。 注意： 1.写作词数应为100左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卷的相应位置作答。 Dear fellow students, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The Students’ Union 听力答案：1-5: CABAB 6-10: CBACB 11-15: CABCA 16-20: ACBAC 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 三明一中2023-2024学年下学期第二次月考 高一英语试题 本试卷共12页，满分150分，考试用时120分钟。 注意事项： 1、答题前，考生务必用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号和座位号填写在答题卡上，将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。 2、作答选择题时，每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。 3、非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液，不按以上要求作答的答案无效。 4、考生必须保持答题卡的整洁；考试结束后，将答题卡交回。 第Ⅰ卷 第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What is the man doing? A. Arranging work. B. Giving some advice. C. Making a complaint. 2. Who is the boy probably talking to? A. His aunt. B. His sister. C. His classmate. 3. What is the man satisfied with about the movie? A. The plot. B. The actor. C. The box office. 4. How does the man sound? A. Strict. B. Amazed. C. Pleased. 5. How long does the man sleep every day? A.7 hours. B.8 hours. C. 9 hours. 第二节 （共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6和第7两个小题。 6. At which crossroads should the woman tum left? A. The first one. B. The second one. C. The third one. 7. What is the woman probably going to do next? A. Head to a school. B. Buy some books. C. Go to Peace Street. 听第7段材料，回答第8和第9两个小题。 8. Why is the man surprised? A. Leo is very good at sports. B. Leo is only interested in studying. C. Leo won first place in a competition. 9. Where are the speakers likely to go next? A. To the office. B. To the playground. C. To the classroom. 听第8段材料，回答第10至第12三个小题。 10. Which season does the man like best? A. Winter. B. Spring. C. Autumn. 11. What does the woman say about the weather in her country? A. It isn’t hot in summer. B. It often snows in winter. C. It isn’t very cold in winter. 12. How often do hurricanes occur in the woman’s country? A. About once a year. B. About three times a year. C. About once every two years. 听第9段材料，回答第13至第16四个小题。 13. How does the woman probably feel at first? A. Curious. B. Anxious. C. Confused. 14. Why is the woman unwilling to seek help from Jack? A. He isn’t professional. B. He doesn’t have time. C. They argued with each other. 15. Who is probably the man? A. A writer. B. A teacher. C. A student. 16. What does the woman plan to do today? A. Complete her task. B. See a movie with the man. C. Start to write a new novel. 听第10段材料，回答第17至第20四个小题。 17. In which country did Take Our Daughters to Work Day start? A. Britain. B. Germany. C. The United States. 18. Who can enjoy Take Our Daughters to Work Day? A A 10-year-old girl. B. A 13-year-old girl C. A 16-year-old girl. 19. What is the purpose of Take Our Daughters to Work Day? A. To help the girls build self-confidence. B. To make the girls know about various jobs. C. To let the girls get to know their parents better. 20. What is Zarina’s mother? A. A nurse. B. A manager. C. A lawyer. 第二部分：阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Everyone has unique needs and preferences, and individual sleep requirements are no different. However, the amount of sleep you need per night is mainly determined by your age. Official recommendations for the length of a person’s sleep are broken down by age group: Older adults (65+): 7–8 hours Adults (18–64 years): 7–9 hours Teenagers (14–17 years): 8–10 hours School children (6–13 years): 9–11 hours Preschoolers (3–5 years): 10–13 hours (including naps) Toddlers (1–2 years): 11–14 hours (including naps) Infants (4–12 months): 12–15 hours (including naps) Newborns (0–3 months): 14–17 hours However, some people might need more or less sleep than is generally recommended, depending on the following factors. Genetic makeup Your genetics are an important factor in how many hours of sleep you need per night. For example, those with one specific genetic mutation (基因突变) need only around 6 hours, whereas people without it require about 8 hours, on average. Sleep quality The quality of your sleep can also affect how much you need. If your sleep quality is poor, you may find that you still feel tired after getting what should be considered enough. Therefore, it’s not only important to focus on sleeping long enough but also on sleeping well enough. If you often feel like you aren’t sleeping well or are extremely tired and don’t know why, it’s a good idea to check in with your healthcare provider. 1. What is the main reason for the amount of sleep we need per night? A. Sleep quality. B. Genetics. C. Our age. D. Our eating habits. 2. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. All the school children need to sleep for 9 to 11 hours. B. If you feel tired, please consult your healthcare provider. C. Those with genetic mutation only need to sleep around 6 hours. D. Due to poor sleep quality, you feel tired though you’ve slept enough. 3. Where does this passage most probably come from? A. A travel brochure. B. A health magazine. C. A fashion website. D. A sports newspaper. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。短文介绍了不同年龄的睡眠时间长度。然而，有些人可能需要比通常建议的更多或更少的睡眠，这取决于以下因素。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“However, the amount of sleep you need per night is mainly determined by your age.”（ 然而，你每晚需要的睡眠时间主要取决于你的年龄。）可知，我们的年龄是我们每晚需要多少睡眠的主要原因。故选C项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Sleep quality 中的“If your sleep quality is poor, you may find that you still feel tired after getting what should be considered enough.”（ 如果你的睡眠质量很差，你可能会发现你在得到应该被认为足够的东西后仍然感到疲倦）可知，由于睡眠质量差，你虽然睡得够了，但还是觉得很累。故选D项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Everyone has unique needs and preferences, and individual sleep requirements are no different. However, the amount of sleep you need per night is mainly determined by your age.”（ 每个人都有独特的需求和偏好，个人的睡眠需求也没有什么不同。然而，你每晚需要的睡眠时间主要取决于你的年龄。）和根据“However, some people might need more or less sleep than is generally recommended, depending on the following factors.”（然而，有些人可能需要比通常建议的更多或更少的睡眠，这取决于以下因素。）可知，短文主要来自健康杂志。故选B项。 B As I look up at the hundreds of fireworks in the sky, I hear the bells ringing in a small temple suggesting the coming of the Chinese New Year. Though I may not believe in or understand many of the New Year traditions here, the similarities between the coming of this New Year and the beginning of my new life in China are not lost on me. My first few days in China were a culture shock to say the least. Having arrived late in the term, I immediately had to start my beginners’ Chinese classes, along with the newest class of overseas students. Being surrounded by a language that is not your own is unbelievably frustrating and isolating（孤立的）. Due to the picture-based fashion of Chinese writing, it’s not like you can have a guess, or work it out through whatever little knowledge you have other Latin-originated languages. If you don’t know what it says, then that’s it. However, with time passing, I have found myself progressing, though painfully slowly. The first time I directed a taxi by myself, the driver actually understood where I wanted to go, which was hugely rewarding. Still, it is never long until my lack of language skill is exposed and I come crashing back to earth, usually immediately upon leaving the taxi. Gaining a language is a huge valuable skill. However, it is not the only thing I will gain in China. After this year of learning Chinese, I aim to gain my Master’s degree here at UJN. Opportunities do just pop up rather occasionally: from being offered jobs teaching English, to being asked to appear on game-shows for Shandong TV. So, for now, I am just looking forward to expanding my cultural horizons and enjoying my time here. Everything takes some time getting used to, but that’s part of the adventure and, most of all, employment. So, much like the Chinese New Year that I was lucky enough to be part of, I am just looking forward to a fresh start and a new journey in China. 4. Why couldn’t the author guess the meaning of the Chinese language? A. Because of his late arrival. B. Because of his experience of culture shock. C. Because of the unique way of Chinese writing. D. Because of his knowing little of the Latin language. 5. What does the author want to show through his taxi experience? A. He is poor at using public transport. B. He finds it easy to order a taxi in China. C. He is good at chatting with the taxi driver. D. He is pleased to have made progress in Chinese. 6. What is the author’s present expectation? A. To settle down in China. B. To become a host on TV. C. To be a teaching assistant. D. To take part in more cultural activities. 7. What can we learn from the author’s account? A. Studying in China is challenging but rewarding. B. Coming to China brings about more opportunities. C. Learning Chinese is a good way to get valuable skills. D. Communicating in Chinese is an enjoyable experience. 【答案】4. C 5. D 6. D 7. A 【解析】 【导语】本文的体裁是记叙文，主要讲述了作者初到中国时面临的文化冲击和语言障碍，以及随着时间的推移，他/她如何逐渐适应并开始享受在中国的生活和学习经历。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据原文第二段“Due to the picture-based fashion of Chinese writing, it’s not like you can have a guess, or work it out through whatever little knowledge you have other Latin-originated languages. (由于汉语书写方式是基于图片的，所以你不能像用其他拉丁语系的语言那样进行猜测或通过你所拥有的少量知识来解决问题。)”可知，由于汉字是象形文字，所以作者无法通过猜测来理解其含义，只能依靠自己所掌握的有限的知识来解决问题。故选C项。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。根据原文第三段中“The first time I directed a taxi by myself, the driver actually understood where I wanted to go, which was hugely rewarding. (我第一次自己叫出租车时，司机居然听懂了我要去哪里，这让我很有成就感。)”可知，作者第一次独自打车时，司机听懂了他要去哪里，这让他感到非常有成就感。由此可推知，作者想通过自己打车的经历来表明自己在中文学习方面取得了进步。故选D项。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据原文最后一段中“After this year of learning Chinese, I aim to gain my Master’s degree here at UJN. Opportunities do just pop up rather occasionally: from being offered jobs teaching English, to being asked to appear on game-shows for Shandong TV. So, for now, I am just looking forward to expanding my cultural horizons and enjoying my time here. (在学习了一年中文之后，我打算在济南大学获得硕士学位。机会确实偶尔会出现：从被提供英语教学工作，到被邀请参加山东电视台的游戏节目。所以，现在，我只是期待着扩大我的文化视野，享受我在这里的时光。)”可知，作者目前的期望是扩大自己的文化视野并享受在中国的时光。故选D项。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据原文最后一段中“Everything takes some time getting used to, but that’s part of the adventure and, most of all, employment. So, much like the Chinese New Year that I was lucky enough to be part of, I am just looking forward to a fresh start and a new journey in China. (一切都需要一些时间来适应，但这是冒险的一部分，最重要的是，就业。所以，就像我有幸参与的中国新年一样，我只是期待着在中国有一个新的开始和新的旅程。)”可知，作者认为在中国的学习和生活虽然充满挑战，但也会带来很多机会和收获，就像中国新年一样，是一个新的开始和旅程。由此可推知，在中国学习是具有挑战性的，但也是有回报的。故选A项。 C Artificial intelligence (AI) is showing promise in earthquake prediction, challenging the long-held belief that it is impossible. Researchers at the University of Texas, Austin, have developed an AI algorithm (算法) that correctly predicted 70% of earthquakes a week in advance during a trial in China and provided accurate strength calculations for the predicted earthquakes. The research team adopted a relatively simple machine learning approach. The AI was provided with a set of statistical features based on the team’s knowledge of earthquake physics, and then instructed to train itself using a five-year database of earthquake recordings. Once trained, the AI provided its prediction by listening for signs of incoming earthquakes within the background rumblings (隆隆声) in the Earth. This work is clearly a milestone in research for AI-driven earthquake prediction. “You don’t see earthquakes coming,” explains Alexandros Savvaidis, a senior research scientist who leads the Texas Seismological Network Program (TexNet). “It’s a matter of milliseconds, and the only thing you can control is how prepared you are. Even with the 70% accuracy, that’s a huge result and could help minimize economic and human losses and has the potential to remarkably improve earthquake preparation worldwide.” While it is unknown whether the same approach will work at other locations, the researchers are confident that their AI algorithm could produce more accurate predictions if used in areas with reliable earthquake tracking networks. The next step is to test artificial intelligence in Texas, since UT’s Bureau TexNet has 300 earthquake stations and over six years worth of continuous records, making it an ideal location for these purposes. Eventually, the authors hope to combine the system with physics-based models. This strategy could prove especially important where data is poor or lacking. “That may be a long way off, but many advances such as this one, taken together, are what moves science forward,” concludes Scott Tinker, the bureau’s director. 8. How does the AI predict earthquakes? A. By identifying data from the satellites. B. By analyzing background sounds in the Earth. C. By modeling data based on earthquake recordings. D. By monitoring changes in the Earth’s magnetic field. 9. What does Alexandros Savvaidis intend to show in paragraph3? A. The ways to reduce losses in earthquakes. B. The importance of preparing for earthquakes. C. The significance of developing the AI prediction. D. The limitation of AI algorithms in earthquake prediction. 10. What does the follow-up research focus on? A. Conducting tests in different locations. B. Applying the AI approach to other fields. C. Building more earthquake stations in Texas. D. Enlarging the database to train the calculation accuracy. 11. Which words can best describe the earthquake-predicting technology? A. Stable but outdated. B. Effective but costly. C. Potential and economical. D. Advanced and promising. 【答案】8. B 9. C 10. A 11. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校的研究人员在地震预测方面取得的进展，特别是他们开发的AI算法在地震预测方面的应用及其效果。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段尤其是最后一句“Once trained, the AI provided its prediction by listening for signs of incoming earthquakes within the background rumblings(隆隆声)in the Earth.(经过训练后，人工智能通过在地球背景隆隆声中倾听即将到来的地震迹象来提供预测。)”可知，人工智能通过在地球的背景隆隆声中倾听即将到来的地震迹象预测地震，由此可知，人工智能通过分析地震时的背景声音预测地震。故选B项。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“This work is clearly a milestone in research for AI-driven earthquake prediction. (这项工作显然是人工智能驱动的地震预测研究的一个里程碑。)”可知，该项研究是人工智能驱动的地震预测研究的一个里程碑，结合下文中的“It’s a matter of milliseconds, and the only thing you can control is how prepared you are. Even with the 70 % accuracy, that’s a huge result and could help minimize economic and human losses and has the potential to remarkably improve earthquake preparation worldwide.(这只是几毫秒的问题，你唯一能控制的就是你准备得有多充分。即使准确率达到70%，这也是一个巨大的成果，可以帮助最大限度地减少经济和人员损失，并有可能显著改善全球的地震准备工作。)”可知，Alexandros Savvaidis认为，即便是70%的准确性也极其重要，因为它可以减少经济损失，人员伤亡，还有可能提高全世界对地震发生的准备（和预防），综合以上信息可知，Alexandros Savvaidis打算展示发展人工智能预测的意义。故选C项。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“The next step is to test artificial intelligence in Texas, since UT’s Bureau TexNet has 300 earthquake stations and over six years worth of continuous records, making it an ideal location for these purposes.(下一步是在德克萨斯州测试人工智能，因为德克萨斯大学的德克萨斯网络局有300个地震观测站，有超过6年的连续记录，使其成为进行这些研究的理想地点。)”可知，下一步打算在德克萨斯州测试人工智能对地震预测的情况，因为该州有300个地震观测站，是进行这些研究的理想地点，由此可知，后续研究的关注点在于在不同地点进行测试。故选A项。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“This work is clearly a milestone in research for AI-driven earthquake prediction.(这项工作显然是人工智能驱动的地震预测研究的一个里程碑。)”可知，这项工作显然是人工智能驱动地震预测研究中的一个里程碑，结合第四段中的“While it is unknown whether the same approach will work at other locations, the researchers are confident that their AI algorithm could produce more accurate predictions if used in areas with reliable earthquake tracking networks.(虽然尚不清楚同样的方法是否会在其他地方起作用，但研究人员相信，如果在拥有可靠地震跟踪网络的地区使用，他们的人工智能算法可以产生更准确的预测。)”可知，如果在拥有可靠地震跟踪网络的地区使用，他们的人工智能算法可以产生更准确的预测，由此可知，该地震预测技术是富有开创性且发展前景良好。故选D项。 D Initial conversations can have a huge impact on how relationships develop over time. People are often stuck in the impressions they think they might have made the minute they finish speaking with someone for the first time: “Did they like me or were they just being polite?” “Were they deep in thought or deeply bored?” To find out whether these worries are necessary, we have conducted nearly 10 years of research. In our studies, participants in the UK talked with someone they had never met before. Afterward, they were asked how much they liked their conversation partner and how much they believed that their conversation partner liked them. This allowed us to compare how much people believed they were liked to how much they were actually liked. Time and time again, we found that people left their conversations with negative feelings about the impression they made. That is, people systematically underestimate how much their conversation partners like them and enjoy their company — a false belief we call the “liking gap”. This bias (偏见) may seem like something that would occur only in initial interactions, but its effects extend far beyond a first impression. Surprisingly, the liking gap can constantly affect a variety of relationships, including interactions with coworkers, long after the initial conversations have taken place. Having a larger liking gap is associated with being less willing to ask workmates for help, less willing to provide workmates with open and honest feedback, and less willing to work on another project together. There are numerous strategies to minimize your biased feelings. One place to start is shifting your focus of attention. Try to direct your attention to your conversation partner, be genuinely curious about them, ask them more questions, and really listen to their answers. The more you’re zeroed in on the other person, and the less you’re focused on yourself, the better your conversation will be and the less your mind will turn to all the things you think you didn’t do well. 12. Why did the author carry out 10 years of research? A. To dismiss national concerns. B. To check out a potential bias. C. To enhance human communication. D. To develop harmonious relationships. 13. What is one effect of people’s liking gap? A. Fewer chances of new projects. B. Underestimation of their ability. C. Bad relationships with people around. D. Low willingness to interact with others. 14. What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph? A. Restate opinions. B. Deliver warnings. C. Give suggestions. D. Make a summary. 15. Which might be the best title for the text? A. Liking Gap May Influence Work Performances B. First Impressions Rely On Initial Conversations C. People Probably Like You More Than You Think D. How People Like You Matters Less Than You Assume 【答案】12. B 13. D 14. C 15. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了什么是“好感认知差距”以及这种心态对人们社交关系的影响。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Initial conversations can have a huge impact on how relationships develop over time. People are often stuck in the impressions they think they might have made the minute they finish speaking with someone for the first time: “Did they like me or were they just being polite?” “Were they deep in thought or deeply bored?”(最初的对话会对关系的发展产生巨大的影响。人们常常会陷入自己第一次和别人说话时留下的印象中：“他们是喜欢我还是只是出于礼貌？”“他们是在沉思还是很无聊？”)”以及第二段“To find out whether these worries are necessary, we have conducted nearly 10 years of research.(为了弄清楚这些担忧是否有必要，我们进行了近10年的研究)”可知，作者进行10年的研究是为了找出潜在的偏见。故选B。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Having a larger liking gap is associated with being less willing to ask workmates for help, less willing to provide workmates with open and honest feedback, and less willing to work on another project together.(好感认知差距越大，就越不愿意向同事寻求帮助，越不愿意向同事提供公开和诚实的反馈，越不愿意一起完成另一个项目)”可知，好感认知差距的一个影响是与他人互动的意愿低。故选D。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“There are numerous strategies to minimize your biased feelings. One place to start is shifting your focus of attention. Try to direct your attention to your conversation partner, be genuinely curious about them, ask them more questions, and really listen to their answers. The more you’re zeroed in on the other person, and the less you’re focused on yourself, the better your conversation will be and the less your mind will turn to all the things you think you didn’t do well.(有很多策略可以减少你的偏见。可以从转移你的注意力开始。试着把你的注意力转移到你的谈话对象身上，真诚地对他们感到好奇，问他们更多的问题，并认真倾听他们的回答。你越关注对方，越少关注自己，你们的对话就会越好，你也就越不会去想那些你认为自己做得不好的事情)”可知，作者在最后一段想给出建议。故选C。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段“Time and time again, we found that people left their conversations with negative feelings about the impression they made. That is, people systematically underestimate how much their conversation partners like them and enjoy their company — a false belief we call the “liking gap”.(我们一次又一次地发现，人们在结束谈话时对自己留下的印象感到消极。也就是说，人们系统性地低估了交谈对象对自己的喜爱程度和对陪伴的享受程度——这种错误的信念我们称之为“好感认知差距”)”结合文章主要说明了什么是“好感认知差距”以及这种心态对人们社交关系的影响。可知，C选项“人们可能比你想象的更喜欢你”最符合文章标题。故选C。 第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。 Want a relaxing but fun challenge at home? ____16____ Puzzles have been around for more than 250 years and the challenge of working out where each piece goes and carefully recreating the scene on the box lid can keep you busy for hours days or even weeks. Puzzles come in a huge range of sizes and difficulty levels. For beginners, a 100-piece puzzle is usually a good starting point. ____17____ Try grouping pieces with the same colors or design because they will probably go in the same area once the puzzle takes shape. ____18____ Those pieces are easier to find because they have a straight side. Stay patient as you search through and try to make it fit together. You may not find any connecting pieces for ages but then several may suddenly appear. For a real test, puzzles that have 1,000 pieces or more are a tough task and it’s best to complete them with friends or family if you can. Choosing a scene that interests you, such as a favourite film, sport or location, can help keep you interested and determined to work to the final piece. You can get fun educational puzzles, too. ____19____ Some of the best places to pick up puzzles are charity shops. They’re often on sale for less than £5. Once you have completed a puzzle, it’s nice to exchange it with a friend. ____20____ You just upload an image, such as a family scene, and they will make a puzzle from it and post it to you. It makes lovely and unusual present. A. So others can have a go. B. You can’t beat a good puzzle. C. Some companies make personalized puzzles. D. However, a good start doesn’t always lead to a good result. E. Most people like to start by getting the four edges of a puzzle laid out. F. It can get you used to sorting out how the shapes, patterns and colors go together. G. For example, you may try a map of the world or historical timelines. 【答案】16. B 17. F 18. E 19. G 20. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是在家做的一个放松但有趣的挑战活动——拼图，简要介绍了拼图的历史、不同尺寸类型，拼图方法及购买方式。 【16题详解】 根据空前的“Want a relaxing but fun challenge at home?(想在家里做一个轻松又有趣的挑战吗?)”可知，通过提问的方式引出本文的话题，结合空后的“Puzzles have been around for more than 250 years and the challenge of working out where each piece goes and carefully recreating the scene on the box lid can keep you busy for hours, days or even weeks.(拼图已经有250多年的历史了，要找出每一块拼图的位置，并仔细地重现盒子盖上的场景，这可能会让你忙上几个小时、几天甚至几个星期)”可知，此处紧接着提到了拼图，由此可知，此空应衔接上下文，引出拼图这一概念，B选项“You can’t beat a good puzzle.(一幅好拼图是无可匹敌的)”回答了空前的提问，引出了要讲述的话题——拼图，符合语境。故选B项。 【17题详解】 根据空前的“Puzzles come in a huge range of sizes and difficulty levels. For beginners, a 100-piece puzzle is usually a good starting point.(拼图的大小和难度都有很大的差异。对于初学者来说，100块拼图通常是一个不错的起点)”可知，拼图有各种大小和难度级别，并建议初学者从100块的拼图开始，结合空后的“Try grouping pieces with the same colors or design because they will probably go in the same area once the puzzle takes shape.(尝试用相同的颜色或设计分组，因为一旦拼图成型，它们可能会出现在相同的区域)”可知，此处提出了如何进行拼图的建议，由此可知，此空处应涉及到100 块拼图的拼法，F选项“It can get you used to sorting out how the shapes, patterns and colors go together.(它可以让你习惯于分辨形状、图案和颜色如何搭配。)”提到的shapes、patterns以及colors与空后涉及到的内容一致，it指代的为空前所提到的“a 100-piece puzzle”。故选F项。 【18题详解】 根据空后的“Those pieces are easier to find because they have a straight side.(这些碎片更容易找到，因为它们有一个直的边)”可知，那些碎片更容易找到，因为都有一个直的边，由此可知，此空应涉及到与“Those pieces”所指代的内容，E选项“Most people like to start by getting the four edges of a puzzle laid out.(大多数人喜欢先把一个拼图的四个边摆出来。)”中的four edges与空后的straight side相对应。故选E项。 【19题详解】 根据空前的“Choosing a scene that interests you, such as a favourite film, sport or location, can help keep you interested and determined to work to the final piece. (选择一个你感兴趣的场景，比如最喜欢的电影、运动或地点，可以帮助你保持兴趣，并决心完成最后的作品)”可知，选择感兴趣的场景有助于帮助你保持兴趣并下定决心完成作品，并举例介绍有趣的场景拼图，结合 “You can get fun educational puzzles, too.(你也可以玩有趣的教育意义相关的拼图)”可知，此处提出也可以选择有趣的益智游戏，由此可推断，此空应涉及到的是与教育相关的拼图，G选项“For example, you may try a map of the world or historical timelines.(例如，你可以尝试世界地图或历史时间表。)”中列举的世界地图和历史年表都有教育意义，符合语境。故选G项。 【20题详解】 根据空后的“You just upload an image, such as a family scene, and they will make a puzzle from it and post it to you. (你只要上传一张图片，比如一个家庭的场景，他们就会用它制作一个拼图，然后邮寄给你)”可知，此处介绍的是个性化定制拼图的方法，由此可知，此空处应涉及到个性化定制拼图，C选项“Some companies make personalized puzzles.(一些公司制作个性化的拼图。)”讲述的内容涉及到了定制个性拼图的一些公司，符合语境。故选C项。 第三部分：语言运用（共三节，满分40分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 My Ph.D. adviser called me into his office saying, “You are fired from the lab.” I had moved to Israel to study for a Ph.D. At first, things went well in my new lab. Then I ____21____ some problems. I made a few mistakes in the lab that slowed my ____22____ , but he never spoke to me about any concerns. I`m still not ____23____ why he fired me, but I guess it was because of those mistakes. He wasn`t confident that I could ____24____ my research in time as we`d planned. The first few days after I was fired were especially ____25____. I spent hours staring at my computer screen, unable to get anything done. I tried to ____26____ his mind with promising results, but he ____27____ to his decision. I could not tell the news to my family in India, as the fear of ____28____ them overwhelmed (压垮) me. I soon got into a ____29____ of sadness and anxiety. Around that time, I watched a movie — Dasvidaniya. One line from the movie stuck out to me, “When life gives you lemons, make lemonade”. What kind of lemonade could I make out of my present ____30____ My desire to complete a Ph.D. was never in doubt. After much ____31____, I told myself that one ____32____ attempt was not the end of the world, and that I needed to give it another ____33____. With renewed ____34____, I emailed expected advisers and applied to other programs. Within 2 months, I ____35____ an offer from a Ph.D. program in Italy. 21. A. ran into B. came into C. stepped into D. looked into 22. A. plan B. research C. graduation D. report 23. A. satisfied B. doubtful C. shocked D. certain 24. A. improve B. smooth C. complete D. solve 25. A. difficult B. special C. flexible D. unique 26. A. keep B. read C. change D. clear 27. A. stuck B. turned C. devoted D. took 28. A. frightening B. disappointing C. challenging D. tricking 29. A. habit B. trouble C. state D. pressure 30. A. moment B. control C. level D. situation 31. A. reflection B. judgment C. treatment D. discussion 32. A. gained B. failed C. rated D. gathered 33. A. chance B. hope C. aim D. shot 34. A. energy B. balance C. interest D. confidence 35. A. produced B. landed C. operated D. responded 【答案】21. A 22. B 23. D 24. C 25. A 26. C 27. A 28. B 29. C 30. D 31. A 32. B 33. D 34. D 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，文章讲述了作者在攻读博士学位期间遭遇困境，一部电影中的台词给了他启示：当生活给你又酸又苦的柠檬时，那你就将它变成又甜又可口的柠檬汁。 【21题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：然后我遇到了一些问题。A. ran into遇到（困难，问题等），陷入（困境）；B. came into进入；C. stepped into走进；D. looked into调查。根据下文“I made a few mistakes in the lab”可知，作者遇到了一些问题。故选A。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我在实验室里犯了一些错误，耽误了我的研究，但他从来没有跟我说过任何顾虑。A. plan计划；B. research研究；C. graduation毕业；D. report报告，报道。根据本段最后一句“He wasn’t confident that I could ____4____ my research in time as we’d planned.”可知，作者犯了一些错误，耽误了研究，故选B。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我仍然不确定他为什么解雇我，但我猜就是因为那些错误。A. satisfied满意的；B. doubtful怀疑的；C. shocked震惊的；D. certain肯定的。根据“but I guess it was because of those mistakes”可知，作者猜测是自己犯下的错误使导师解雇自己，由此可知作者不确定导师解雇自己的原因，故选D。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他对我能如期完成研究没有信心。A. improve提高，改善；B. smooth抚平；C. complete完成；D. solve解决。上文提到作者犯了一些错误，减缓了研究的进度，所以此处指导师担心无法按期完成研究，故选C。 【25题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我被解雇后的头几天特别难熬。A. difficult困难的；B. special特殊的；C. flexible灵活的；D. unique独特的。根据语境及下一句“I spent hours staring at my computer screen, unable to get anything done.”可知，被解雇的头几天很难熬，故选A。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我试图用有希望的结果来改变他的想法，但他坚持自己的决定。A. keep保持；B. read读；C. change改变；D. clear清理。根据“with promising results”可知，作者被解雇，向导师说会给出一个满意的结果，试图以此来改变导师的想法，故选C。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。我试图用有希望的结果来改变他的想法，但他坚持自己的决定。A. stuck坚持；B. turned翻转，转弯；C. devoted献身，致力于；D. took拿，取。结合转折词but及下文被解雇后不敢告诉家人可知，虽然作者保证以后好好表现，但导师坚持自己的决定，解雇作者，故选A。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不能把这个消息告诉我在印度的家人，因为我害怕让他们失望，这样的恐惧压垮了我。A. frightening使恐惧；B. disappointing使失望；C. challenging挑战；D. tricking欺骗。结合语境可知，作者被解雇不敢告诉家人，应是怕他们对自己失望，故选B。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很快就进入了一种悲伤和焦虑的状态。A. habit习惯；B. trouble麻烦；C. state状态；D. pressure压力。根据“sadness and anxiety”可知，作者被解雇后陷入悲伤和焦虑的状态，故选C。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我能从我目前的处境中做出什么样的柠檬水呢？A. moment时刻；B. control控制；C. level水平；D. situation情况，形势。结合语境可知，此处作者是反问以自己目前的现状和处境，又能做出什么样的柠檬汁呢？situation符合语境，故选D。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过多次反思，我告诉自己，一次失败的尝试并不是世界末日，我需要再试一次。A. reflection反思；B. judgement评价；C. treatment对待，治疗；D. discussion讨论。结合下文作者发邮件申请项目可知，此处指作者反思过后，决定振作起来，故选A。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：经过多次反思，我告诉自己，一次失败的尝试并不是世界末日，我需要再试一次。A. gained获得；B. failed失败；C. rated评定；D. gathered聚集。上文提到作者因犯错误而被解雇，所以此处指“一次失败的尝试”，故选B。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过多次反思，我告诉自己，一次失败的尝试并不是世界末日，我需要再试一次。A. chance机会；B. hope希望；C. aim目标；D. try尝试。此处和“attempt”同义，指一次尝试失败后，需要再次尝试，故选D。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：信心重燃后，我给期望中的顾问发了邮件，并申请了其他项目。A. energy精力；B. balance平衡；C. interest兴趣；D. confidence信心。根据“I emailed expected advisers and applied to other programs”可知，作者经过反思，重拾信心，故选D。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：不到两个月，我就收到了意大利一个博士项目的录取通知。A. produced生产；B. landed成功得到，赢得；C. operated操作；D. responded回答，回应。上文提到作者申请项目，故此处指得到一个博士项目的录取通知，故选B。 第Ⅱ卷 第三部分：语言运用 第二节 单句填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 根据句意，在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 36. He tried to solve his ________(finance) problems, but he couldn’t. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】financial 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他试图解决他的财务问题，但他做不到。根据设空后的名词problems，可知此处要用形容词来修饰名词，finance的形容词形式为financial。故填financial。 37. China became the third country in the world ________ (send) independently humans into space in2003. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to send 【解析】 【详解】考查不定式。句意：2003年，中国成为世界上第三个独立将人类送入太空的国家。the+序数词+名词+动词不定式，为固定结构，动词不定式作后置定语。故填to send。 38. Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk, ________ (follow) by the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】followed 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：神舟六号和七号完成了第二次载人轨道飞行，随后玉兔号月球车被送往月球研究其表面。空处需要非谓语动词作状语，该动词和其逻辑主语“Shenzhou 6 and 7”之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语。故填followed。 39. As ________ result, space-based science has helped farming in its efforts to grow enough food to feed Earth’s increasing population. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】a 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：因此，太空科学帮助农业努力生产足够的食物来养活地球上不断增长的人口。as a result 为固定短语，意为“因此”。故填 a。 40. In the shop, there is a wide range of ________ (option) for Henry to choose from. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】options 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：在商店里，有很多可供亨利选择的东西。此空位于介词of之后，所以此处为名词，根据a wide range of意为“各种各样的”修饰此空可知，此处应为名词复数形式。故填options。 41. Countries around the globe are spending billions of dollars and lots of time on various space missions, whether to Mars ________ other planets much further away. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】or 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：全球各国都在各种太空任务上投入了数十亿美元和大量时间，无论是去火星还是其他更远的星球。whether…or为固定短语，意为“是……还是……”，符合句意。故填 or。 42. In order to provide ________ such a rapidly increasing population, scientists are trying to find other planets that could one day be our new home. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】for 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：为了为如此迅速增长的人口提供生存空间，科学家们正在努力寻找其他有朝一日可能成为我们新家的行星。provide for为固定短语，意为“为……提供”，符合句意，故填for。 43. The two gentlemen decided to make a bet which would settle their ________ (argue). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】argument 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：两位先生决定打个赌来解决他们的争论。此空位于形容词性物主代词their之后，应为名词作settle的宾语，argue的名词为argument意为“争论”，且为不可数名词。故填argument。 44. It was the ship ________ brought Henry to England. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【解析】 【详解】考查强调句。句意：就是那艘船把亨利带到了英国。分析句子结构可知，去掉It was和空格后，句子完整，因此本句是强调句，被强调部分是the ship，因此空格处填that。故填that。 45. The next morning I ________ (spot) by a ship.（所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】was spotted 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：第二天早上，一艘船发现了我。结合时间状语The next morning可知时态需用一般过去时，根据主语I 可知，句子缺少谓语动词，动词spot和主语I之间为被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，be动词用was。故填was spotted。 第三节 语篇填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Situated in Beijing’s Shichahai scenic area, CAVE looks no different from any ____46____ cafe in the city on the outside,____47____ people stepping in for a cup of coffee will find it interesting inside. Some customers are holding and touching hedgehogs (刺猬) ____48____ (gentle) in their palms. In recent years, an increasing number of animal themed cafes ____49____ (gain) huge popularity among China’s city dwellers. With this ____50____ (rise) trend, a bunch of eateries making money out of housing unique animals such as hedgehogs has sprung up. In Beijing alone, there are several cafes or restaurants like CAVE. There is a Japanese pub, ____51____ has three raccoons (浣熊) and a cafe where customers can take ____52____ (photo) with about 30 huskies (哈士奇). CAVE. which is a also the city’s first hedgehog themed cafe, now has seven hedgehogs kept in cages in a room ____53____ (separate) from the dining area. If customers want to play with the hedgehogs, they need to put ____54____ thick gloves and the waiters will bring them out and put them onto the customers’ hands. “I think hedgehogs are a very good idea. It’s original and interesting,” said Serhii Melnyk, a tourist from Poland who _____55_____ (stop) by the café to grab an Americano and was attracted to the animal. 【答案】46. other 47. but 48. gently 49. have gained 50. rising 51. which 52. photos 53. separate/separated 54. on 55. stopped 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。随着以动物为主题的咖啡馆的兴起，不少咖啡馆引入不太常见的动物供顾客参观或者玩耍，以此来吸引消费者。位于北京什刹海的CAVE是该市第一家动物主题的咖啡馆，咖啡馆里养着七只刺猬，顾客可以戴着厚厚的手套和它们玩耍。 【46题详解】 考查代词。此处考查固定表达any other+名词单数 其它任何……，故填other。 【47题详解】 考查连词。联系句意“CAVE和城市里其它任何咖啡店看起来没什么不一样，但是去和咖啡的人会发现它里面很有趣”可知前后句为转折关系，故填but。 【48题详解】 考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词touching(触摸)，故填gently。 【49题详解】 考查时态。分析句子可知此处是谓语动词，根据in recent years(近几年)判断为现在完成时，主语cafes是复数，故填have gained。‘ 【50题详解】 考查形容词。此处应填形容词修饰名词tread（趋势/风尚），rising trend新兴的风尚，故填rising。 【51题详解】 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，此处是非限定性定语从句的关系词，指物的先行词pub（酒吧）在从句____6____ has three raccoons (浣熊)中充当主语，应该用关系代词，故填which。 【52题详解】 考查名词的数。此处考查短语take photos拍照，故填photos。 【53题详解】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处是填非谓语动词作后置定语，逻辑主语room（房间）和separate（隔离）之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词separated；又separate可以作为形容词，故此处还可理解为形容词作后置定语，故填separated/separate。 【54题详解】 考查介词。此处考查短语put on穿上，故填on。 【55题详解】 考查时态。分析句子可知此处是定语从句的谓语动词，根据前文的said判断为一般过去时，stop by顺便看望/顺便拜访，故填stopped。 第四部分：写作（共两节 满分25分） 第一节 英汉互译 ：（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分） 56. The International Space Station has provided a continuous human presence in space. (英译汉) ___________________________________________________________________________________________. 【答案】国际空间站使得人类能够持续在太空中开展工作。 【解析】 【详解】考查名词、动词和形容词。The International Space Station作主语，意为“国际空间站”，has provided作谓语，意为“提供”，a continuous human presence作宾语，意为“持续的人类存在”，in space意为“在太空”作状语，表示“在太空持续的人类存在”也就是“人类持续在太空中开展工作”，，调整语言顺序，该句可译为“国际空间站使得人类能够持续在太空中开展工作”。故翻译为：国际空间站使得人类能够持续在太空中开展工作。 57. As a matter of fact, I landed in Britain by accident. （英译汉） 【答案】事实上，我是偶然在英国上岸的。 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语和句子结构。“As a matter of fact”是固定短语，表示“事实上”，做状语；句子主语是“I”译为“我”，谓语动词为“landed”译为“上岸”，“in Britain”为地点状语，译为“在英国”，“by accident”译为“偶然”，故本句可译为：事实上，我是偶然在英国上岸的。 58. 一直以来，人们仰望星空，对太空充满了遐想。 (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________. 【答案】People have always looked up at the stars and wondered about space. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和短语。根据时间状语“一直以来”可知，句子用现在完成时态，且主语是复数形式，故“人们”可译为“people”；“仰望星空”可译为“look up at the stars”；“对……充满了遐想”可译为“wonder about...”。故翻译为：People have always looked up at the stars and wondered about space. 59. 你不应该以貌取人。(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________. 【答案】You shouldn’t judge people by their clothes/judge a book by its cover. 【解析】 【详解】考查情态动词、固定短语。表示“不应该”应用情态动词 shouldn’t，后跟动词原形；表示“以貌取人”应用固定短语 judge people by their clothes或judge a book by its cover。故翻译为 You shouldn’t judge people by their clothes/judge a book by its cover。 60. 总而言之，太空探索给世界带来了种种好处。(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________. 【答案】In closing, exploring space provides the world with many different benefits. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语、动名词、形容词和名词。根据句意，表示“总而言之”应为固定短语in closing，位于句首，in的首字母需大写，表示“太空探索”应为explore space，在句子中作主语，结合句意，此处表示一般性动作，所以使用动名词短语exploring space作主语，表示“给世界带来了种种好处”可理解为“给世界提供了许多的好处”，表示“给……提供……”应为provide...with...，其中provide作谓语，该句描述的为客观事实，所以使用一般现在时，动名词短语作主语，谓语动词为动词单数，所以谓语动词为provides，表示“世界”应为the world作provides的宾语，表示“许多不同的好处”为many different benefits，其中many different作定语，修饰名词benefits。故翻译为In closing, exploring space provides the world with many different benefits. 第二节 书面表达（满分15分） 61. 假定你是校学生会主席李华，校学生会将举行名为“送你一朵花（A Flower for You）”的感恩活动，请你写一则倡议，内容包括： 1.活动目的； 2.活动内容。 注意： 1.写作词数应为100左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卷的相应位置作答。 Dear fellow students, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The Students’ Union 【答案】One possible version: In order to build a harmonious atmosphere and foster the friendly relationship among school members, our school Students’ Union will host an activity named “A Flower for You.” Every participant, who takes part in the activity, is expected to prepare a flower, which is either made of materials by yourself or drawn with your color pens. Don’t forget to attach a small sticky note to the flower, on which you can write something down to show your appreciation to him/her. You could present the flower to the person who impressed you most in your hard time. It’s high time that we should express something deep down through a beautiful flower. Let’s seize the opportunity and show your gratitude, right now! We’re looking forward to your active participation! The Students’ Union 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一则倡议，呼吁学生参加学生会举行的名为“送你一朵花（A Flower for You）”的感恩活动。 【详解】1.词汇积累 参加：take part in →participate in 举办：host →hold 表达：express →convey 机会：opportunity →chance 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：In order to build a harmonious atmosphere and foster the friendly relationship among school members our school Students’ Union will host an activity named “A Flower for You.” 拓展句：Our school Students’ Union will host an activity named “A Flower for You.”, whose aim is to build a harmonious atmosphere and foster the friendly relationship among school members, 【点睛】【高分句型1】Every participant, who takes part in the activity, is expected to prepare a flower, which is either made of materials by yourself or drawn with your color pens.（运用了who和which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】Don’t forget to attach a small sticky note to the flower, on which you can write something down to show your appreciation to him/her.（运用了“on which”引导的非限制性定语从句） 听力答案：1-5: CABAB 6-10: CBACB 11-15: CABCA 16-20: ACBAC 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$