升高二暑假【夏日FUN学】专题2：定语从句教案-2024-2025学年人教版（ 2019） 暑假衔接英语课程

【夏日FUN学】2024年暑假英语升高二衔接教案 专题2：定语从句（原卷版） 【知识对接】 一、定义 定语从句，也称关系从句或形容词性从句，由关系代词或关系副词引导，用来限制描绘或说明主句中的某一个名词或代词（有时也可以说明整个主句或主句中的一部分），即句子做定语。简而言之，我们可以称定语从句为修饰名词或代词的一个从句。 E.g.你昨天错过的会议很重要。 The meeting that you missed yesterday was very important. 正在做演讲的女孩儿是我们班的班长。 The girl who is making a speech is our monitor. 我昨天打碎的花瓶很昂贵。 The vase which I broke yesterday was very expensive. 二、位置 位于名词或代词之后的一个从句。 三、先行词 定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词，且在从句中必做成分。 四、关系词 分类：关系代词、关系副词 作用：①连接作用：引导从句并同时连接主句和从句。 ②替代作用：在从句中替代它前面的先行词 ③作成分：在从句中充当句子成分 1. 关系代词 关系代词 指代 成分 who 人 主语&宾语 whom 人 宾语 which 物 主语&宾语 whose 人&物 定语 that 人&物 主语&宾语 e.g.这是那个给我提供了宝贵机会的老板。 This is just the boss who give me that valuable opportunity.（主语） 这是那个我们这些天一直在找的小偷。 This is the thief who we have been looking for these days.（宾语） 老师经常表扬的那个女生是我们的班长。 The girl whom the teacher often praises is our monitor.（宾语）请找一个够我们所有人住的房子。 Please find a room which is big enough for all of us to live in.（主语）这是他昨天买的书。 This is the book which he bought yesterday.（宾语） 两个女儿都是老师的那个老奶奶时我们的邻居。 The old lady whose two daughters are both teachers is our neighbor. （定语） 你介绍给我的那个人很善良。 The person that you introduced to me is very kind.（宾语） 每年来参观这个城市的人数达到了一百万。 The number of people that come to visit this city reaches to one million.(主语） 2.关系副词 关系副词 指代 成分 when 时间 时间状语 where 地点 地点状语 why 原因 原因状语 e.g.我仍然记得我第一次来这个学校的那一天。 I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 十年前我住的房子已经被拆了。 The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 请告诉我你错过飞机的原因。 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 五、解题步骤 1. 找出从句（判断从句类型） 2. 看成分 3. 看先行词 4. 特殊用法 六、特殊用法 （一）关系代词的特殊用法： 1.不用that的情况： ①that不用于非限制性定语从句； e.g.他只对他的女儿很好，这让他的儿子很不开心。 He was very kind to his daughter, which made his very unhappy. ②当定语从句中的介词提前时只能用which； e.g.这是我曾经读过书的学校。 This is the school in which I once studied. ③当先行词是指人的复合不定代词时只用who,这些词有everyone，someone等。 e.g.每一个参加晚会的人都是他的朋友。 Everyone who came to the party is his friend. 2.介词+关系代词的用法： 当从句的谓语动词为不及物动词且先行词在从句中作宾语时要用到介词+关系代词。 注意：介词短语的固定搭配；指人时关系代词用whom，指物时关系代词用which。 e.g.你知道办公室里正在和我们经理谈话的女士是谁吗？ Do you know the lady with whom our manager is talking in the office? 3.关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略。 e.g.护士们正在照看的婴儿都很健康。 The babies (whom) the nurses are looking after are very healthy. 4.定语从句的主谓一致:与先行词保持一致。 e.g.I who am a student like English. She is one of the students who live in Shanghai. She is the only one of the students who lives in Shanghai. 5.是否有先行词 e.g.Is this book the one you bought ？→ This book is the one you bought. Is this the book which you bought?→ This is the book which you bought.（要先将一般疑问句转化为陈述句） （二）关系副词的特殊用法： 1.有些先行词为模糊地点时要用where或表示地点的介词+which引导，这类词有case, condition, occasion, stage, point,position,curriculum等。 e.g.Sales director is a position where communication ability is just as important as sales skills 2.当time表示次数且从句不缺成分时，引导词用that或不填；当先行词是the way表示方式时，引导词用that，in which或不填。 e.g.我不喜欢你跟你父母讲话的方式。 I don’t like the way (that/which)you speak to your parents. 这是我第一次来这儿。 This is the first time (that/ 不填) I have been here. （三）定语从句的省略 若主从句主语一致，从句的谓语部分含有情态动词，则可变成介词+关系代词+to do的形式。 e.g.I want to make friends with Tom from whom I can learn (from whom to learn) English well. （四）as作为关系代词的用法 1.若as单独存在时，用于非限制性定语从句，表示“正如”，此时as的位置比较灵活。 ①as作为关系代词时，只能做系动词的主语； e.g.I loved the funny story you told me, which make me laugh.(不可用as) As is known,he is a very famous football player. ②as不可以用于从句是否定句的情况。 e.g.I didn’t love the story, which didn’t make me laugh. (不可用as) 2.若as与其他词同时出现时，用于限制性定语从句，这些词有such，as，the same，so。 e.g.I can’t believe that you are such a girl that I don’t want to talk to you.(此处that不作任何成分，故此处是状语从句) I love such girls as keep quiet.（此处as作主语，定语从句） This is the same bike that I lost.(the same…that表示同一个) This is the same bike as I lost. (the same…as表示同类不同个) （五）限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句 1.限定性定语从句：限定性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用，使该词的含义更具体，更明确。限制性定语从句不能被省略，否则句意就不完整，例如I met someone who said he knows you. 2.非限定性定语从句起补充说明作用，缺少也不会影响全句的理解。在非限制性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开，例：The house, which I bought, has a lovely garden.　我买的房子带着个漂亮的花园。 3.区别： ①限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别，如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不清；而非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。 例：People who take physical exercise live longer. 进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。(若把从句去掉句子意思就不完整) His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. 他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。(若把从句去句子意义仍然完整) ②有无逗号 （六）“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 1.分类 类别 句法功能 示例 介词＋关系代词(which/whom) 状语 He is the person on whom you can depend. 他是你可以信赖的人。 介词＋whose＋名词 状语 He was the man from whose room the thief had stolen his bag. 他就是被小偷从房间里偷走包的那个人。 名词/代词/数词＋介词＋关系代词(which/whom) 主语 There are many magazines in the reading room，some of which are designed for children. 阅览室有许多杂志，其中有些是专为孩子们设计的。 2.“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定 (1)根据定语从句中动词、形容词所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。 In the dark street，there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help.(turn to sb for help) 在黑暗的街道上，没有一个她可以求助的人。 Physics is the subject in which every student in our school is interested.(be interested in) 物理是我们学校每个学生都很感兴趣的课程。 (2)根据与先行词搭配的具体含义而定。 I’ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.(during that time) 我永远不会忘记我在乡下度过童年的那段时光。 (3)根据所表达的意思来确定。 The colorless gas without which we can’t live is called oxygen.这种无色的气体就是氧气，离了它我们无法生存。 【达标训练】 一、单项选择 1．I passed a bakery on my way back home, ________ I could always see a variety of cookies, pies and bread appealing to my taste. A．through its window B．through window of which C．through the window D．through whose window 2．It was ______ she took her first step onto foreign soil ______ signaled the beginning of a journey filled with unknown adventures and unforgettable experiences. A．the moment, that B．the moment, when C．the moment when, that D．the moment when, which 3．The reason ______ she gave for her resignation was ______ she wanted to pursue her passion for travel and exploration. A．that, that B．why, that C．why, because D．/, because 4．William Hastie once suggested that historic events inform us of past mistakes ________ we can learn something without repeating them. A．from which B．on which C．with whom D．for whom 5．The students should _____ the university’s facilities to make progress, _____ is of vital importance to their job prospect. A．take into account, what B．take advantage of, which C．take charge of, that D．take care of, where 6．The reason _______ Jack didn’t take part in the sports meeting was _______ he fell ill suddenly. A．why, that B．why, because C．that, because D．that, why 7．Creating an atmosphere ______employees feel part of a team is a big challenge. A．as B．whose C．where D．that 8．The Olympic Games are a series of sporting events for countries and regions in the world __________ athletes compete and show sportsmanship. A．what B．where C．which D．how 【答案】B 9．Finally, the thief handed everything _______ he had stolen to the police. A．which B．what C．when D．that 10．Our teacher is a man of great experience, _______ much can be learned. A．who B．which C．from whom D．from him 11．We went through a period ______ communications were very difficult in the rural areas. A．which B．whose C．when D．where 12．The Science Museum ______ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of London’s famous tourist attractions. A．which B．what C．who D．whose 13．Gone are the days ______ physical strength was all you needed to make a living. A．when B．that C．where D．which 14．A lot of language learning, ______ has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period. A．as B．it C．that D．this 15．I found myself ______ to the spot ______ the experiment was being performed whenever I had some time to spare. A．draw, which B．drawn, where C．drawing, which D．drew, where 16．The non-profit organization is named after the researchers, ________ work has attracted public attention to environmental protection. A．whose B．who C．which D．when 17．Success will belong to those _______never say “impossible”. A．whom B．that C．who D．which 18．I don’t like the way ________ you talked to the specialist. In fact, the way ________ he offered us is quite effective. A．that; that B．which; that C．in which; to which D．that; in which 19．Finally he reached a lonely island ________ was completely cut off from the outside world. A．which B．who C．where D．when 20．Mr. Johnson, our teacher and friend, ______ to attend the meeting, ______ he would deliver a speech to the students. A．were invited; which B．were invited; that C．was invited; when D．was invited; where 二、语法填空 21．Yesterday, we visited the WestLake Hangzhou is famous. 22．The talented composer and singer showed us around his studio he composed the song Forever Young. 23．They have developed their friendship to a stage they share happiness and sufferings. 24．I’ll be talking to Dr Richard, new book The New Age of Invention has just been published. 25．He used the donated fund and his own money to pay the 50 pounds per child the British government required. 26．Students have access to the city library the learning atmosphere is lively and exciting. 27．This evening, I’ll be talking to Dr Richard Fairhurst, new book The New Age of Invention has just been published. 28．After several months, Ryan had raised the $2,000, with a well was built near a primary school in Uganda. 29．Football as we know it today started in Great Britain, the game was given new rules. 30．I’m crazy about basketball, and pretty good at it too, is probably why I was so mad when we lost our last match. 31．When we eat it again, we unlock memories of a time we were loved and looked after. 32．Last week, my wife and I went to the city we had spent our honeymoon. 33．You are expected to find some group activities you can be with people who share your interests. 34．Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, thousands were attending a water conference. 35．Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way will make them the most money. 36．Our teachers spare no effort to create an atmosphere enables us to study attentively and harmoniously. 37．The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. 38．The nuclear waste discharge is now the major reason environmentalists feel worried about the future of marine creatures. 39．Karen is a passionate supporter of the environmental reform requires large enterprises to stop overusing non-renewable natural resources. 40．The 1960s was a difficult time Chinese scientists like Tu Youyou had very limited resources and poor technological support. 【能力提升】 一、单项选择 1．Some people wear masks only in crowds, ________ they expect to come into contact with lots of germs. A．where B．when C．even if D．as if 2．Try to avoid such things _____ will do harm to your reputation, unless you don’t care about the rumors from all directions. A．as B．that C．whatever D．whether 3．In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ______ she could turn for help. A．that B．who C．from whom D．to whom 4．The Song dynasty is considered as the peak of Chinese traditional culture, __________ the makeup and clothing of females are simple and elegant. A．when B．whose C．which D．what 5．The Terracotta Army, ______ was discovered in 1974, is considered one of the greatest archaeological sites in the world. A．where B．which C．that D．whose 6．The city of Petra, ______ carvings were intricately carved into red sandstone cliffs, was once the capital of the Nabataean Kingdom. A．where B．when C．that D．what 7．The Acropolis in Athens, ______ was built during the 5th century BC, is an iconic symbol of ancient Greek civilization. A．when B．that C．which D．whose 8．I’ve read everything ________ you gave me. A．which B．that C．in which D．what 9．I still remember the day ________ I first met Jennifer. A．that B．where C．when D．which 10．It was this village ________ I was brought up. A．where B．that C．on which D．which 11．I still remember those days ______my neighbors used to give me a hand. A．who B．which C．that D．when 12．A number of people ______ we had expected all arrived here. A．whose B．whom C．when D．which 13．John invited about 40 people to his wedding ceremony, ______made his family members excited. A．where B．them C．which D．whom 14．During those times, music can help you in the same way ________ it helped me. A．where B．when C．in which D．what 15．As the intelligent species, the human personality lies within the mind and body, ________ existence we had only recently become aware. A．of which B．of whose C．of whom D．of its 二、语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式． A Fido, a little dog,was very anxious to get the favor on his master. He took care, however,  neither to be troublesome, 16 would he follow him into the living room unless he was asked. He also tried to make 17 (he) useful to his kind master. He would drive away strange pigs and other animals 18 came into the yard． Once when his master was sick, Fido 19 (lie) at the room door and did not leave, even to get his food．When his master was well enough, Fido 20 (admit) into the room, and showed so many signs of joy that his master was more fond 21 him than ever． Fido even had a chance of 22 (save) his master's life． His master was sleeping in a summerhouse with Fido at his side． Suddenly 23 dog saw the wall shake, and dirt fall from the ceiling． Fido knew that there was danger, and began barking 24 ( awake) his master． As this did not succeed, he jumped up, and 25 ( gentle) bit his finger． His master had just time to get out of the door when the whole building fell． Fido was hurt by some of the rubbish． And his master had him kindly taken care of till he got well． B Be cautious of Friday the 13th！Many people think the day is unlucky. 26 （fortune）, there's only one Friday the 13th this year. As the legend goes，you should try not 27 （break）any mirrors，walk under a ladder，or even spill any salt. Why？Researchers say 28 is tough to find out how the tradition came into being. Many believe it has 29 （religion）origins. In the Christian faith，there were 13 guests at table for the Last Supper，which was held the day before the Friday 30 Jesus died. Now，Friday the 13h has become a cultural wonder. Many Americans avoid the number 13 all together， 31 （include）hotel rooms and airplane seat assignments. It even costs couples less to get married on the day. There are many other 32 （explain）behind the luckless day. Simon Bronner，a professor of American studies at Pennsylvania State. University， 33 （believe）Friday the 13h is a way for people to pin their bad luck to a certain cause:. The fact should be 34 there's nothing special about the number itself. After all，the number 13 35 （consider）to be lucky in some countries，like Italy ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 【夏日FUN学】2024年暑假英语升高二衔接教案 专题2：定语从句（解析版） 【知识对接】 一、定义 定语从句，也称关系从句或形容词性从句，由关系代词或关系副词引导，用来限制描绘或说明主句中的某一个名词或代词（有时也可以说明整个主句或主句中的一部分），即句子做定语。简而言之，我们可以称定语从句为修饰名词或代词的一个从句。 E.g.你昨天错过的会议很重要。 The meeting that you missed yesterday was very important. 正在做演讲的女孩儿是我们班的班长。 The girl who is making a speech is our monitor. 我昨天打碎的花瓶很昂贵。 The vase which I broke yesterday was very expensive. 二、位置 位于名词或代词之后的一个从句。 三、先行词 定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词，且在从句中必做成分。 四、关系词 分类：关系代词、关系副词 作用：①连接作用：引导从句并同时连接主句和从句。 ②替代作用：在从句中替代它前面的先行词 ③作成分：在从句中充当句子成分 1. 关系代词 关系代词 指代 成分 who 人 主语&宾语 whom 人 宾语 which 物 主语&宾语 whose 人&物 定语 that 人&物 主语&宾语 e.g.这是那个给我提供了宝贵机会的老板。 This is just the boss who give me that valuable opportunity.（主语） 这是那个我们这些天一直在找的小偷。 This is the thief who we have been looking for these days.（宾语） 老师经常表扬的那个女生是我们的班长。 The girl whom the teacher often praises is our monitor.（宾语）请找一个够我们所有人住的房子。 Please find a room which is big enough for all of us to live in.（主语）这是他昨天买的书。 This is the book which he bought yesterday.（宾语） 两个女儿都是老师的那个老奶奶时我们的邻居。 The old lady whose two daughters are both teachers is our neighbor. （定语） 你介绍给我的那个人很善良。 The person that you introduced to me is very kind.（宾语） 每年来参观这个城市的人数达到了一百万。 The number of people that come to visit this city reaches to one million.(主语） 2.关系副词 关系副词 指代 成分 when 时间 时间状语 where 地点 地点状语 why 原因 原因状语 e.g.我仍然记得我第一次来这个学校的那一天。 I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 十年前我住的房子已经被拆了。 The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 请告诉我你错过飞机的原因。 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 五、解题步骤 1. 找出从句（判断从句类型） 2. 看成分 3. 看先行词 4. 特殊用法 六、特殊用法 （一）关系代词的特殊用法： 1.不用that的情况： ①that不用于非限制性定语从句； e.g.他只对他的女儿很好，这让他的儿子很不开心。 He was very kind to his daughter, which made his very unhappy. ②当定语从句中的介词提前时只能用which； e.g.这是我曾经读过书的学校。 This is the school in which I once studied. ③当先行词是指人的复合不定代词时只用who,这些词有everyone，someone等。 e.g.每一个参加晚会的人都是他的朋友。 Everyone who came to the party is his friend. 2.介词+关系代词的用法： 当从句的谓语动词为不及物动词且先行词在从句中作宾语时要用到介词+关系代词。 注意：介词短语的固定搭配；指人时关系代词用whom，指物时关系代词用which。 e.g.你知道办公室里正在和我们经理谈话的女士是谁吗？ Do you know the lady with whom our manager is talking in the office? 3.关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略。 e.g.护士们正在照看的婴儿都很健康。 The babies (whom) the nurses are looking after are very healthy. 4.定语从句的主谓一致:与先行词保持一致。 e.g.I who am a student like English. She is one of the students who live in Shanghai. She is the only one of the students who lives in Shanghai. 5.是否有先行词 e.g.Is this book the one you bought ？→ This book is the one you bought. Is this the book which you bought?→ This is the book which you bought.（要先将一般疑问句转化为陈述句） （二）关系副词的特殊用法： 1.有些先行词为模糊地点时要用where或表示地点的介词+which引导，这类词有case, condition, occasion, stage, point,position,curriculum等。 e.g.Sales director is a position where communication ability is just as important as sales skills 2.当time表示次数且从句不缺成分时，引导词用that或不填；当先行词是the way表示方式时，引导词用that，in which或不填。 e.g.我不喜欢你跟你父母讲话的方式。 I don’t like the way (that/which)you speak to your parents. 这是我第一次来这儿。 This is the first time (that/ 不填) I have been here. （三）定语从句的省略 若主从句主语一致，从句的谓语部分含有情态动词，则可变成介词+关系代词+to do的形式。 e.g.I want to make friends with Tom from whom I can learn (from whom to learn) English well. （四）as作为关系代词的用法 1.若as单独存在时，用于非限制性定语从句，表示“正如”，此时as的位置比较灵活。 ①as作为关系代词时，只能做系动词的主语； e.g.I loved the funny story you told me, which make me laugh.(不可用as) As is known,he is a very famous football player. ②as不可以用于从句是否定句的情况。 e.g.I didn’t love the story, which didn’t make me laugh. (不可用as) 2.若as与其他词同时出现时，用于限制性定语从句，这些词有such，as，the same，so。 e.g.I can’t believe that you are such a girl that I don’t want to talk to you.(此处that不作任何成分，故此处是状语从句) I love such girls as keep quiet.（此处as作主语，定语从句） This is the same bike that I lost.(the same…that表示同一个) This is the same bike as I lost. (the same…as表示同类不同个) （五）限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句 1.限定性定语从句：限定性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用，使该词的含义更具体，更明确。限制性定语从句不能被省略，否则句意就不完整，例如I met someone who said he knows you. 2.非限定性定语从句起补充说明作用，缺少也不会影响全句的理解。在非限制性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开，例：The house, which I bought, has a lovely garden.　我买的房子带着个漂亮的花园。 3.区别： ①限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别，如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不清；而非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。 例：People who take physical exercise live longer. 进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。(若把从句去掉句子意思就不完整) His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. 他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。(若把从句去句子意义仍然完整) ②有无逗号 （六）“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 1.分类 类别 句法功能 示例 介词＋关系代词(which/whom) 状语 He is the person on whom you can depend. 他是你可以信赖的人。 介词＋whose＋名词 状语 He was the man from whose room the thief had stolen his bag. 他就是被小偷从房间里偷走包的那个人。 名词/代词/数词＋介词＋关系代词(which/whom) 主语 There are many magazines in the reading room，some of which are designed for children. 阅览室有许多杂志，其中有些是专为孩子们设计的。 2.“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定 (1)根据定语从句中动词、形容词所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。 In the dark street，there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help.(turn to sb for help) 在黑暗的街道上，没有一个她可以求助的人。 Physics is the subject in which every student in our school is interested.(be interested in) 物理是我们学校每个学生都很感兴趣的课程。 (2)根据与先行词搭配的具体含义而定。 I’ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.(during that time) 我永远不会忘记我在乡下度过童年的那段时光。 (3)根据所表达的意思来确定。 The colorless gas without which we can’t live is called oxygen.这种无色的气体就是氧气，离了它我们无法生存。 【达标训练】 一、单项选择 1．I passed a bakery on my way back home, ________ I could always see a variety of cookies, pies and bread appealing to my taste. A．through its window B．through window of which C．through the window D．through whose window 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我在回家的路上经过了一家面包店，通过它的窗户我总能看到各种各样的饼干、派和面包，吸引着我的味蕾。空处引导定语从句，“透过窗户”用介词through，先行词为a bakery，bakery与window之间为所属关系，表示“……的”，关系代词为whose，在定语从句中作定语，修饰名词window，设空处应填through whose window；此外，也可用through the window of which，which指代先行词bakery作介词of宾语，此处特指这家面包店的窗户，window前用加定冠词the。故选D。 2．It was ______ she took her first step onto foreign soil ______ signaled the beginning of a journey filled with unknown adventures and unforgettable experiences. A．the moment, that B．the moment, when C．the moment when, that D．the moment when, which 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句和强调句型。句意：这是她踏上异国土地的第一步，标志着一段充满未知冒险和难忘经历的旅程的开始。这是一个由“It is (was) +被强调部分+ that /who+ 其他部分”构成的强调句型，被强调部分是the moment，后接定语从句对其进行修饰限定，代替先行词the moment在定语从句中作时间状语，因此使用when引导定语从句。且被强调部分是物，因此使用that引导强调句的其他部分。故选C项。 3．The reason ______ she gave for her resignation was ______ she wanted to pursue her passion for travel and exploration. A．that, that B．why, that C．why, because D．/, because 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句和表语从句。句意：她给出的辞职理由是，她想追求自己对旅行和探索的热情。分析句子可知，第一个空处所在句是定语从句，先行词是reason，在定语从句中作宾语，因此使用连接词that或which引导定语从句。第二个空处所在句是表语从句，表语从句中不缺任何成分且意义完整，因此使用that引导表语从句。故选A项。 4．William Hastie once suggested that historic events inform us of past mistakes ________ we can learn something without repeating them. A．from which B．on which C．with whom D．for whom 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：William Hastie曾建议，历史事件告诉我们过去的错误，我们可以从中吸取教训，而不必重蹈覆辙。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词past mistakes，先行词指物，且结合语意，此处表示从过去的错误中吸取教训，应用介词from，learn sth. from...表示“从……学习”，使用from which引导从句。故选A项。 5．The students should _____ the university’s facilities to make progress, _____ is of vital importance to their job prospect. A．take into account, what B．take advantage of, which C．take charge of, that D．take care of, where 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词短语和定语从句。句意：学生应该利用大学的设施来取得进步，这对他们的就业前景是至关重要的。A. take into account考虑；B. take advantage of利用；C. take charge of负责；D. take care of照顾。根据“the university’s facilities to make progress”可知，学生应该利用大学的设施。指代前面的一件事，用关系代词which引导非限定性定语从句。故选B。 6．The reason _______ Jack didn’t take part in the sports meeting was _______ he fell ill suddenly. A．why, that B．why, because C．that, because D．that, why 【答案】A 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：杰克没有参加运动会的原因是他突然生病了。the reason why...is/was that...是固定句型，意为“……的原因是……”，其中why引导定语从句，that引导表语从句。故选A项。 7．Creating an atmosphere ______employees feel part of a team is a big challenge. A．as B．whose C．where D．that 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：创建一种氛围，使员工感觉到自己是团队的一部分，是一项重大挑战。空处需要引导定语从句修饰先行词an atmosphere。先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导该从句。故选C。 8．The Olympic Games are a series of sporting events for countries and regions in the world __________ athletes compete and show sportsmanship. A．what B．where C．which D．how 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：奥林匹克运动会是世界各国和各地区运动员相互竞争和展示体育精神的一系列体育赛事。此处定语从句修饰先行词events，先行词在从句作地点状语，应用关系副词where。故选B。 9．Finally, the thief handed everything _______ he had stolen to the police. A．which B．what C．when D．that 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：最后，小偷把偷来的所有东西都交给了警察。该句有两个谓语动词，handed和had stolen，所以此空应为连词，此空位于代词everything之后，所以为关系词引导的定语从句，从句中缺少宾语，所以使用关系代词，先行词everything为不定代词，所以关系代词只能使用that不能使用which。故选D项。 10．Our teacher is a man of great experience, _______ much can be learned. A．who B．which C．from whom D．from him 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们的老师是一个有着丰富经验的人，从他那里可以学到很多东西。根据句意及主句谓语动词is和空后谓语动词can be learned可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词man，先行词表人，应用who/whom，根据空后“learned”及句意表达“从老师那里学习”可知，构成短语learn from“从……中学习”，应用介词from放在关系代词之前，故关系代词只能用whom，形成from whom的结构。故选C。 11．We went through a period ______ communications were very difficult in the rural areas. A．which B．whose C．when D．where 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们经历了一段农村地区通讯非常困难的时期。这句话“communications were very difficult in the rural areas”为定语从句部分，先行词是“a period”，一段时期。从句中缺少时间状语，且先行词指时间，故用关系副词when。故选C。 12．The Science Museum ______ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of London’s famous tourist attractions. A．which B．what C．who D．whose 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们在最近的一次英国之行中参观了科学博物馆，它是伦敦著名的旅游景点之一。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是The Science Museum，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作visited的宾语，应用关系代词which引导。故选A。 13．Gone are the days ______ physical strength was all you needed to make a living. A．when B．that C．where D．which 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：靠体力谋生的日子一去不复返了。先行词为days，作定语从句的时间状语，关系副词为where。故选A项。 14．A lot of language learning, ______ has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period. A．as B．it C．that D．this 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：正如人们所发现的那样，很多语言学习发生在生命的第一年，所以父母应该在这段时间里与孩子多说话。A. as正如；B. it它；C. that那个；D. this这个。根据句子结构可知，空格处为非限制性定语从句的关系词，先行词为一个句子（A lot of language learning is happening in the first year of life），关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作主语，有“正如，正像”之意，所以应该用关系代词as引导定语从句。故选A项。 15．I found myself ______ to the spot ______ the experiment was being performed whenever I had some time to spare. A．draw, which B．drawn, where C．drawing, which D．drew, where 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词和定语从句。句意：我发现只要有时间，我就会被吸引到正在进行实验的地方。句中谓语是found，空格处用非谓语动词，myself和draw之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此第一空用过去分词表被动，“the experiment was being performed”是定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词spot是地方，因此第二空用关系副词where引导定语从句，故选B。 16．The non-profit organization is named after the researchers, ________ work has attracted public attention to environmental protection. A．whose B．who C．which D．when 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：该非营利组织以研究人员的名字命名，他们的工作引起了公众对环境保护的关注。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词researchers，结合语意，此处表示研究人员的工作，空处应用whose表示“……的”，作定语修饰名词work，使用whose引导从句。故选A项。 17．Success will belong to those _______never say “impossible”. A．whom B．that C．who D．which 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：成功将属于那些从不说“不可能”的人。先行词为those，作定语从句的主语，关系代词常为who。故选C项。 18．I don’t like the way ________ you talked to the specialist. In fact, the way ________ he offered us is quite effective. A．that; that B．which; that C．in which; to which D．that; in which 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我不喜欢你和专家谈话的方式。事实上，他给我们提供的方法很有效。第一空处名词way表示“方式”，在其后定语从句“you talked to the specialist”中作方式状语，可用that或者in which引导该从句，也可不用引导词；第二空处名词way表示“方法”，关系词替代先行词在其后定语从句“he offered us”中作宾语，用关系代词that引导该从句。故选A项。 19．Finally he reached a lonely island ________ was completely cut off from the outside world. A．which B．who C．where D．when 【答案】A 【详解】考查关系代词。句意：最终，他到达了一个孤岛，这个岛完全与外界隔绝。设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词“a lonely island”；设空处指代先行词在定语从句中作主语，指物，此定语从句用关系代词which/that引导。故选A项。 20．Mr. Johnson, our teacher and friend, ______ to attend the meeting, ______ he would deliver a speech to the students. A．were invited; which B．were invited; that C．was invited; when D．was invited; where 【答案】D 【详解】考查主谓一致和定语从句。句意：我们的老师兼朋友约翰逊先生被邀请参加会议，在会上他将向学生们发表演讲。第一个空处要填谓语动词，主语Mr. Johnson表单数，所以谓语动词也要用单数形式was invited；第二空处是非限制性定语从句，先行词meeting是地点名词，在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导该定语从句。故选D。 二、语法填空 21．Yesterday, we visited the WestLake Hangzhou is famous. 【答案】for which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：昨天，我们参观了杭州著名的西湖。分析句子可知，这里考查定语从句，从句中be famous for表“因...而出名”，为固定搭配，且先行词the WestLake ，为物，在从句中作介词for后面的宾语，所以应用关系代词which。故填for which。 22．The talented composer and singer showed us around his studio he composed the song Forever Young. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这位才华横溢的作曲家兼歌手带我们参观了他的工作室，在那里他创作了歌曲《永远年轻》。空处引导定语从句修饰先行词his studio。先行词在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。 23．They have developed their friendship to a stage they share happiness and sufferings. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们的友谊已经到达了可以分享痛苦和幸福的阶段。此处引导定语从句，先行词为stage，在定语从句中作地点状语，故应用where引导，故填where。 24．I’ll be talking to Dr Richard, new book The New Age of Invention has just been published. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我将与理查德博士交谈，他的新书《新发明时代》刚刚出版。先行词为 Dr Richard，作定语从句的定语，关系代词为whose。故填whose。 25．He used the donated fund and his own money to pay the 50 pounds per child the British government required. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他用捐赠的资金和自己的钱支付了英国政府要求的每个孩子50英镑。先行词为50 pounds ，作定语从句中required的宾语，关系代词为that或者which。故填that/which。 26．Students have access to the city library the learning atmosphere is lively and exciting. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：学生可以进入城市图书馆，那里的学习氛围活泼而令人兴奋。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是city library，在从句中作地点状语，用where引导。故填where。 27．This evening, I’ll be talking to Dr Richard Fairhurst, new book The New Age of Invention has just been published. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：今晚，我将与Dr Richard Fairhurst交谈，他的新书《发明的新时代》刚刚出版。空处引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词Dr Richard Fairhurst。先行词在定语从句中作定语，所以用关系代词whose引导该从句。故填whose。 28．After several months, Ryan had raised the $2,000, with a well was built near a primary school in Uganda. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：几个月后，瑞安筹集了2000美元，用这笔钱在乌干达的一所小学附近建造了一口井。空处引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词the $2,000。先行词指物，在从句中作介词的宾语，所以用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。 29．Football as we know it today started in Great Britain, the game was given new rules. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们今天所知道的足球始于英国，在那里比赛被赋予了新的规则。根据空前主句谓语动词started及空后谓语动词was given可知，空处应为非限制性定语从句引导词，修饰先行词“Great Britain”，从句中缺少地点状语，应用关系副词where。故填where。 30．I’m crazy about basketball, and pretty good at it too, is probably why I was so mad when we lost our last match. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我对篮球非常着迷，并且也很擅长它，这可能就是为什么我们在上一场比赛中输了我会如此生气的原因。空处引导非限定性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，且在定语从句中作主语。所以用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。 31．When we eat it again, we unlock memories of a time we were loved and looked after. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：当我们再次吃它时，我们会解开我们被爱和照顾的记忆。分析句子可知，这里考查定语从句，先行词为a time，在从句中作时间状语，所以应用关系副词when引导定语从句。故填when。 32．Last week, my wife and I went to the city we had spent our honeymoon. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：上周，我和我的妻子去了我们度过蜜月的那个城市。“________we had spent our honeymoon ”是一个定语从句，修饰先行词the city，因先行词在这个定语从句作地点状语，使用关系副词where引导定语从句，故填where。 33．You are expected to find some group activities you can be with people who share your interests. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你应该参加一些团体活动，在那里你可以和有共同兴趣的人在一起。定语从句修饰先行词activities，在从句作地点状语，故填where。 34．Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, thousands were attending a water conference. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：最近，尼娜在芝加哥结束了长达一年的系列跑步活动，数千人在那里参加了一个水务会议。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Chicago，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 35．Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way will make them the most money. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：当然，商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为way，所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that或者which。 36．Our teachers spare no effort to create an atmosphere enables us to study attentively and harmoniously. 【答案】which/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们的老师不遗余力地营造一种让我们专心、和谐地学习的氛围。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词atmosphere，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that作引导词。故填which/that。 37．The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. 【答案】that/in which/不填 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：为避免惹恼你的同伴，你使用筷子的方式很重要。定语从句修饰先行词way，在从句作状语，应用that/in which或不填，故填that/in which/不填。 38．The nuclear waste discharge is now the major reason environmentalists feel worried about the future of marine creatures. 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：核废料的排放现在是环保主义者对海洋生物的未来感到担忧的主要原因。定语从句修饰先行词reason，在从句作原因状语，应用why。故填why。 39．Karen is a passionate supporter of the environmental reform requires large enterprises to stop overusing non-renewable natural resources. 【答案】which/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：Karen是环保改革的热心支持者，环保改革要求大型企业停止过度使用不可再生的自然资源。空处引导定语从句，先行词为reform，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。 40．The 1960s was a difficult time Chinese scientists like Tu Youyou had very limited resources and poor technological support. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：20世纪60年代是一个艰难的时期，像屠呦呦这样的中国科学家资源非常有限，技术支持也很差。定语从句修饰先行词time，在从句作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填when。 【能力提升】 一、单项选择 1．Some people wear masks only in crowds, ________ they expect to come into contact with lots of germs. A．where B．when C．even if D．as if 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：有些人只在他们预计会接触大量细菌的人群中戴口罩。A. where在某地；B. when当……时候；C. even if即使；D. as if仿佛。空格处引导定语从句，crowds是先行词，为抽象意义的地点，从句缺少状语，因此使用where引导定语从句，故选A项。 2．Try to avoid such things _____ will do harm to your reputation, unless you don’t care about the rumors from all directions. A．as B．that C．whatever D．whether 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：尽量避免会损害你的声誉的事情，除非你不在乎来自四面八方的谣言。空格处引导定语从句，先行词为things，从句中缺少主语，再由such可知，应使用关系代词as，构成“such...as...”，表示“像……一样的”或“诸如……之类”的意思，故选A项。 3．In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ______ she could turn for help. A．that B．who C．from whom D．to whom 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在黑暗的街道上，没有一个她可以求助的人。此处为介词+关系代词结构定语从句修饰先行词person，且根据短语turn to sb. for help，可知应用介词to，作介词的宾语，指人应用whom。故选D。 4．The Song dynasty is considered as the peak of Chinese traditional culture, __________ the makeup and clothing of females are simple and elegant. A．when B．whose C．which D．what 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：宋代被认为是中国传统文化的顶峰，当时女性的化妆和服装都是简单而优雅的。空格处引导定语从句，先行词是“The Song dynasty”指物，从句中缺少时间状语，因此使用关系副词when引导定语从句。故选A。 5．The Terracotta Army, ______ was discovered in 1974, is considered one of the greatest archaeological sites in the world. A．where B．which C．that D．whose 【答案】B 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：兵马俑于1974年被发现，被认为是世界上最伟大的考古遗址之一。分析句子结构可知，空格处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“The Terracotta Army”为物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故选B。 6．The city of Petra, ______ carvings were intricately carved into red sandstone cliffs, was once the capital of the Nabataean Kingdom. A．where B．when C．that D．what 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：佩特拉城曾经是纳巴泰王国的首都，那里的红色砂岩悬崖上雕刻着错综复杂的雕刻。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Petra，在从句作地点状语，故用where。故选A。 7．The Acropolis in Athens, ______ was built during the 5th century BC, is an iconic symbol of ancient Greek civilization. A．when B．that C．which D．whose 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：建于公元前5世纪的雅典卫城是古希腊文明的标志性象征。空处引导非限制性定语从句，代替先行词The Acropolis在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which作引导词。故选C。 8．I’ve read everything ________ you gave me. A．which B．that C．in which D．what 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你给我的东西我都读过了。分析句子结构可知，空处缺少引导定语从句的关系词，先行词是everything，指物，是不定代词，应用关系代词that引导从句，在从句中作宾语。故选B项。 9．I still remember the day ________ I first met Jennifer. A．that B．where C．when D．which 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我仍然记得我第一次见到詹妮弗的那一天。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，缺少状语，先行词day是时间，因此空格处用关系副词when引导定语从句，故选C。 10．It was this village ________ I was brought up. A．where B．that C．on which D．which 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我就是在这个村庄长大的。空处引导定语从句，先行词this village，在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故选A。 11．I still remember those days ______my neighbors used to give me a hand. A．who B．which C．that D．when 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我仍然记得那些邻居常常帮助我的日子。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词“those days”，在从句中作状语，故应用关系副词when。故选D。 12．A number of people ______ we had expected all arrived here. A．whose B．whom C．when D．which 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们所期待的一些人到齐了。定语从句修饰先行词A number of people，在从句作宾语，指人，应用whom。故选B。 13．John invited about 40 people to his wedding ceremony, ______made his family members excited. A．where B．them C．which D．whom 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意： 约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的结婚典礼，这使他的家庭成员很兴奋。分析句子结构，这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，先行词是空白处前面的一整句话表示的内容，因空白处在定语从句中做主语指物，使用关系代词which引导定语从句，故选C项。 14．During those times, music can help you in the same way ________ it helped me. A．where B．when C．in which D．what 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在那些时候，音乐可以像帮助我一样帮助你。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词way，关系词替代先行词在从句中作方式状语，应用that/in which引导从句，也可省略关系词。故选C。 15．As the intelligent species, the human personality lies within the mind and body, ________ existence we had only recently become aware. A．of which B．of whose C．of whom D．of its 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：作为有智慧的物种，人的性格受思想和身体的影响，我们只是最近才意识到它的存在。先行词是 personality，existence 与 personality 之间构成所属关系，即 the existence of personality，即 of whose。故选B。 二、语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式． A Fido, a little dog,was very anxious to get the favor on his master. He took care, however,  neither to be troublesome, 16 would he follow him into the living room unless he was asked. He also tried to make 17 (he) useful to his kind master. He would drive away strange pigs and other animals 18 came into the yard． Once when his master was sick, Fido 19 (lie) at the room door and did not leave, even to get his food．When his master was well enough, Fido 20 (admit) into the room, and showed so many signs of joy that his master was more fond 21 him than ever． Fido even had a chance of 22 (save) his master's life． His master was sleeping in a summerhouse with Fido at his side． Suddenly 23 dog saw the wall shake, and dirt fall from the ceiling． Fido knew that there was danger, and began barking 24 ( awake) his master． As this did not succeed, he jumped up, and 25 ( gentle) bit his finger． His master had just time to get out of the door when the whole building fell． Fido was hurt by some of the rubbish． And his master had him kindly taken care of till he got well． 【答案】16．nor 17．himself 18．which/that 19．lay 20．was admitted 21．of 22．saving 23．the 24．to awake 25．gently 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章记叙了一条名叫Fido的狗，经过努力，赢得主人喜爱的故事。 16．考查固定搭配。句意：但是，他很小心，既不惹麻烦，也不会进入主人的房间—除非主人允许。该题考查neither…nor…固定搭配，意为“既不……也不……”。故填nor。 17．考查反身代词。句意：他努力使自己对主人来说有用。该空作make的宾语，且指主语本身，故应用反身代词。故填himself。 18．考查定语从句。句意：他会赶走来到院子里的奇怪的猪和其他动物。“　　3　　came into the yard”是定语从句，修饰strange pigs and other animals，引导词在从句中作主语，指物，应用关系代词which/that引导该从句。故填which/that。 19．考查动词时态。句意：有一次，他的主人生病了，Fido躺在房门前，甚至不出去觅食。该空作谓语，且根据前面的时间状语可知，该空叙述的是发生在过去的情况，应用一般过去时态。故填lay。 20．考查动词时态和语态。句意：Fido被允许进入房间。该空在句中作谓语，主语Fido和admit之间是被动关系，且根据该句时间状语，该句应用一般过去时态。故填was admitted。 21．考查介词。句意：他的主人比以前更加喜欢他。该题考查be fond of(喜欢)这个固定搭配。故填of。 22．考查动名词。句意：Fido甚至有机会挽救主人的生命。该空作介词of的宾语，应用动名词。故填saving。 23．考查冠词。句意：突然，这条狗看见墙在晃动。该处特指上文提到的Fido，表特指，用定冠词the。故填the。 24．考查非谓语动词。句意：他开始狂吠，想要唤醒主人。“______9______( awake) his master”是目的状语，表目的，用动词不定式。故填to awake。 25．考查副词。句意：他跳起来，轻轻地咬他的手指。该空修饰bit，修饰动词用副词，故填gently。 B Be cautious of Friday the 13th！Many people think the day is unlucky. 26 （fortune）, there's only one Friday the 13th this year. As the legend goes，you should try not 27 （break）any mirrors，walk under a ladder，or even spill any salt. Why？Researchers say 28 is tough to find out how the tradition came into being. Many believe it has 29 （religion）origins. In the Christian faith，there were 13 guests at table for the Last Supper，which was held the day before the Friday 30 Jesus died. Now，Friday the 13h has become a cultural wonder. Many Americans avoid the number 13 all together， 31 （include）hotel rooms and airplane seat assignments. It even costs couples less to get married on the day. There are many other 32 （explain）behind the luckless day. Simon Bronner，a professor of American studies at Pennsylvania State. University， 33 （believe）Friday the 13h is a way for people to pin their bad luck to a certain cause:. The fact should be 34 there's nothing special about the number itself. After all，the number 13 35 （consider）to be lucky in some countries，like Italy 【答案】26．Fortunately 27．to break 28．it 29．religious 30．when 31．including 32．explanations 33．believes 34．that 35．is considered 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。在美国人们觉得星期五和数字13是不好的运气，在住酒店结婚等场合都避免使用它们。但是宾夕法尼亚大学教授Simon Bronner认为只是人们把坏运气归因于星期五和数字13。 26．考查副词。根据句子结构可知，空格处的单词是作状语的，应该用副词。故填Fortunately。 27．考查固定搭配。try to do sth.表示“尽力做某事”，try not to do sth.尽力不做某事。故填to break。 28．考查it作形式主语。分析句子结构可知，say后面是宾语从句，缺主语，分析句意可知，搞清楚这个传统是怎样产生的很难。不定式短语 to find out how the tradition came into being是真正的主语。为了保持句子平衡，应该用it作形式主语，而把不定式短语放到后面。故填it。 29．考查形容词。名词origins应该用形容词来修饰。故填religious。 30．考查定语从句引导词。the Friday为定语从句的先行词，在后面从句中作时间状语，星期前面用on，所以定语从句的引导词是when或on which。故填when。 31．考查介词+doing用法。include是动词，分析句子结构可知，整个句子是单句，include在这里不作谓语，需要用它的介词形式，后面跟介词宾语。故填including。 32．考查名词。由前面的are和many可知，此处应用可数名词的复数形式。故填explanations。 33．考查时态。分析上下文可知，此篇文章主要时态是一般现在时，本句主语是单数，所以要用believe的单三形式。故填believes。 34．考查表语从句引导词。本句中should be后面是表语从句，从句内容完整。故填that。 35．考查一般现在时被动语态。根据句意和句子结构可知，the number 13和consider是被动关系，又分析上文知道，这里应该用一般现在时，the number 13是单数主语，所以要用一般现在时的被动语态，be动词用is。故填is considered。 ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$