升高二暑假【夏日FUN学】专题3：主谓一致讲义-2024-2025学年暑假英语升高二衔接

【夏日FUN学】2024年暑假英语升高二衔接教案 专题3：主谓一致（原卷版） 【知识对接】 接点一、形式一致 主语是单数，谓语动词用单数形式 主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式 接点二、语意一致 谓语动词用单数的情况 1.当名词词组中心词为表示金钱、时间、度量、距离、价格等复数名词时，把这些复数名词看作一个整体。谓语动词采用单数形式。 Twenty-five dollars is too much to pay for that shirt． Fifty minutes isn’t enough to finish this test． Ten miles seems like a long walk to me． 2.以“-s”结尾的书刊名、国名、组织名、游戏名、运动名，谓语动词用单数 以-ics结尾的名词指一门学科时，常用单数谓语动词形式。当这些名词表示实际内容时，谓语动词则用复数形式。 这类单词有： economics经济学 electronics电子学 physics物理学 politics政治学 mathematics数学 statistics统计学 Roots was a novel about a slave family． His politics were a matter of great concern to his friend． Politics is his favorite subject． Statistics show that approximately 40 percent of all marriages in the US end in divorce． Statistics is a subject that is difficult to learn． 3. 有些表示某类别的总称的集合名词，如：machinery(机械)，clothing(衣服)，luggage(行李)，furniture(家具)，equipment(设备)，jewelry(珠宝)等作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。如： My luggage was sent by air． The equipment of our factory is all imported from Britain． 4.不定式、现在分词和从句作主语，谓语动词通常用单数： Playing with fire is dangerous． 注意： 若用and连接两个动名词、不定式短语或主语从句，表示两个不同的概念，则谓语动词用复数形式。若表示同一概念，则谓语动词用单数形式 Early to rise and early to bed is a good habit． When and where the building will be built hasn’t been decided． 主语从句要根据从句表达的意思而定 What she said is correct． What he gave me are five English books． 谓语动词用复数的情况 1.由and或both...and...连接两个单数名词作主语时，指的是复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式(不可数名词同样)。如： Fire and water do not agree． 注意 如果and连接的两个词是指同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，则两个名词共用一个冠词，谓语动词必须用单数。 The teacher and writer is her friend． 2.有些集合名词．如：cattle，folk，people，police，poultry(家禽)等作主语，总是跟复数动词形式。 The people hope to live a happy life． The police have caught the criminal． Cattle feed on grass． 3. 表示成双成套的名词，如：trousers，shoes，glasses，compasses等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 His black trousers are too long．他的黑裤子太长。 Your glasses are on your nose． 4.表示群岛、瀑布、山脉等以“-s”结尾的专有名词作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数。 The Philippines are in the Pacific Ocean． Rocky Mountains stand in the west of North America． 5.名词clothes，works(作“著作”讲)，goods，contents，the Olympic Games的谓语动词律律用复数。如： Clothes keep people warm． His works have been translated into several foreign languages． 注意：若表示“一套衣服”，可用a suit of clothes。clothes不可与不定冠词a或数词连用。 若表示“一部作品”用a work，“两部作品”用two works。 谓语动词单复数由名词前面的词或词组决定的 1.由“some of，plenty of，a lot of，lots of，most of，the rest of，all of，half of，part of，the remainder of或分数、百分数+of+名词”等短语作主语时，谓语动词常与of后的名词保持数的一致。 The rest of the lecture is dull． Half of the apple is rotten．这个苹果的一半腐烂变质了。 Half of the apples are rotten．这些苹果有一半腐烂变质了。 About one third of the books are worth reading.大约三分之一的书值得一读。 Over 30％ of the students were absent from the meeting． 2.由“a kind of，this kind of，many kinds of”和“名词+of this kind”等，以及由与kind意义相似的type，sort，form，part，piece，section等构成的类似短语作主语时，谓语动词与of前的名词保持数的一致。如： A kind of birds has been discovered by them． Parts of the book are very instructive． This kind of apples is expensive. Apples of this kind are expensive. 3.“more+复数名词+than one”结构谓语常用复数。 More members than one have protested against the plan． 4.不定代词“each，one，no one，some(any，no，every)+body(one或thing)”在句中作主语或作限定词时，谓语动词一律用单数形式 Each boy gets a prize． Someone wants to buy the house． Each of the books costs five Yuan. 注意：each，all，both用作同位语时，谓语动词仍应与主语保持一致 We each have an English-Chinese dictionary． 由and连接的两个或三个单数主语前如果有every，each，no，many a修饰时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 Each teacher and (each) student was given a book． Every hour and (every) minute is important Many a teacher and many a student enjoys the book very much． many a.../ more than one+名词作主语时, 谓语动词仍采取单数形式 Many a man thinks life is meaningless without purpose． one and a half+复数名词”作主语时，其谓语要用单数形式 One and a half bananas is left on the table． 接点三、就近原则 or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but(also)...等连接的并列成分作主语时，根据就近一致的原则处理。离谓语动词近的主语部分是单数，就用单数；离谓语动词近的主语是复数，谓语动词就用复数。如： Either the teacher or the students are to blame． Not only the students but also their teacher doesn’t know about it． Neither you nor I know how to do it． 接点四、主谓一致的特殊情况 1.population表示“人口”，一个国家或地区的居民数目，它作主语时谓语动词要用单数形式。 当它前面有分数或百分数时，population是指一个国家或地区的全体居民，谓语动词用复数形式。 The population of Canada is about 29 million． About eighty percent of the population of this country are peasants． 2.集合名词作主语，如果表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如表示成员则用复数。常见的这部分名词有：army，audience，class，club，committee，company，crowd，family，group，government，organization，party，team等。 Our football team is playing well. Our football team are having baths and are then coming back here for supper. 3.a number of／a variety of／varieties of+可数名词复数; “the majority of+复数名词” 作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式 the number of(表数目)和the variety of(表种类)等+可数名词 作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 A number of new houses have been built there． There are a variety of goods on sale in the shop． The number of the people who know the secret is very limited． The variety of goods on sale in the shop is surprising． 4. “a large amount of+不可数名词”作主语，谓语用单数 “large amounts of+不可数名词”作主语，谓语用复数 “a large quantity of+不可数名词”作主语，谓语用单数 “a large quantity of+复数名词”作主语，谓语常用复数 “large quantities of+不可数名词／复数名词”作主语，谓语用复数 “a good／great deal of+不可数名词”作主语，谓语用单数 A large amount of clean water is wasted every day． Vast amounts of money are being invested in the local market． Large quantities of beer are consumed in the city every year． A large quantity of money was spent on the bridge． “a total of+复数名词”作主语与复数动词连用，意思是“总共有……” “the total of+复数名词”作主语与单数动词连用，意思是“……的总数”。 5.单复数同形的名词作主语，要根据上下文的意义以及修饰这些词的词来确定其谓语形式。常见的这部分名词有aircraft，crossroads，deer，fish，headquarters。means，series，sheep，species，works等。如： The crossroads is／are dangerous． Every means has been tried． All possible means have been tried． A steel works has just been built there． 6.当主语后面跟有with，together with，along with，accompanied by，like，in addition to，as well as，as much as，more than，rather than，no less than，except，but，besides，including等连接的词组时，其谓语动词的单复数不受这些词语的影响。如： The rock singer，along with his bodyguard，was rushed away from the theater． Mr. Robbins，accompanied by his wife and children，is arriving tonight． No one but your parents was there then． Tom，together with Mary and Alice，is going to swim this afternoon. 7.the + adj./ v-ed 表示某类人作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式 the + adj. 表示某类事物或表示某一类抽象概念作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 The poor live a hard life． The beautiful lives forever． 8. there be结构中的主谓一致关系，谓语动词通常和最邻近的那个主语一致。 There are four chairs and a table in the room． 9. “a／an+单数名词+or two”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如： “one or two+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如： A student or two has failed the exam．一两个学生考试不及格。 One or two students were planting trees yesterday afternoon．昨天下午有一两个学生在植树。 10.在主语和谓语倒装的句子中，动词的数应和它后面的主语的数一致。 On the wall are some famous paintings． Between the two windows hangs a picture． 11.在“It + be+被强调部分+that／who...”结构中，be用单数形式is或was，如被强调部分是主语，that／who后的谓语与被强调部分的人称、数保持一致。 It is I who am a student． It is they who have worked there for five years． 【达标训练】 一、单项选择 1．Neither my classmates nor I __________ by our teacher yesterday. A．am punished B．was punished C．were punished D．had been punished 2．Professor Smith, along with his assistants, _______ on the project day and night to meet the deadline. A．is working B．are working C．were working D．have been working 3．A new library and a gymnasium in our school _________ up so far and they will be put into use very soon. A．are set B．being set C．has been set D．have been set 4．Franklin, as well as many other scientists, us to make scientific discoveries by conducting experiments. A．have inspired B．has inspired C．are inspiring D．had inspired 5．An agreement (协议) seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members ________ against it. A．is B．are C．were D．was 6．Opposite the buildings ________ St. Paul’s Church, where you can enjoy some lovely music. A．stand B．stands C．will stand D．stood 7．—Mr. Yang, when shall we leave school this afternoon? —Not until the classroom ________. A．has cleaned B．will clean C．will be cleaned D．is cleaned 8．While technology continues to evolve at a breathtaking pace, the need for human creativity and intuition ______. A．remains unchanged B．remain unchanged C．remains unchanging D．remain unchanging 9．The teacher as well as the students ______ satisfied with the result of the match. A．have been B．had been C．were D．was 10．At present, a large number of wild animals ________ at the nature reserve in Sichuan Province. A．is protecting B．is being protected C．are protecting D．are being protected 11．—You look tired! —My husband ______ football matches all night. That’s too noisy. A．watches B．watched C．has watched D．was watching 12．The girl ______ for Japan next week. A．leaves B．is leave C．is leaving D．leaving 13．______ number of tourists ______ coming to our city for a short visit. A．The; are B．A; are C．The; is D．A; is 14．The children played in the courtyards and because of the hutongs, courtyards ________ together for miles around ________ a network of people working, playing and living together-a real community. A．was joined… creating B．were joined… to create C．joined… to create D．joining… created 15．In a world ________ by cooperation rather than isolation, the pattern of sharing tasks and decisions ________ for equality. A．characterized… makes B．characterized… are made C．characterizing… are made D．characterized… is made 16．The teacher as well as his students _______ just arrived at the airport. A．is B．has C．are D．have 17．Her parents require that she should finish her homework before she ________TV. A．watches B．watch C．will watch D．watched 18．They have been discussing the issue for a whole morning, but no suitable solution ________ so far. A．was found B．have been found C．has been found D．found 19．The hotel manager ________ the new workers how to provide better service for their customers since 9 a. m. A．has been demonstrating B．has been demonstrated C．demonstrated D．had demonstrated 20．Not only my parents but also my daughter __________ this documentary. A．like B．is like C．are like D．likes 二、语法填空 21．Get a load of the sculpture! The live broadcast (bring) to you from one of the largest museums on Earth. 22．More than one generation of school children to date (amaze) by Franklin’s bravery and scientific approach to looking for the truth. 23．Look! The guests (show) around the factory. 24．When I arrived there, I (strike) by the beauty of the snow-covered rural landscape. 25．My routine diet (consist) of fruit, milk, vegetables and rice. 26．The Internet (effect) our daily life greatly. 27．The hurricane (predict) to reach the coast tomorrow morning, so we’d better make full preparations for it. 28．When (walk) his dog in the park, he came across an old friend of his. 29．Over time, it (expand) to include multiple options of soups, vegetables, meats and sauces, appealing to people of different tastes. 30．Many changes (take) place in our daily life since the light rail was built. 31．It was really annoying that my car (stick) in the mud the other day. 32．As we walked into the house we (greet) by a wonderful smell of baking. 33．It is said that more than two hundred students (join in) the discussion. 34．Not only I but also my friend (gain) a glimpse into the two splendid civilizations so far. 35．Not only the students but also the teacher (invite) yesterday. 36．Not only he but also I (be) going to China. 37．Not only Zhou Xia but also her parents (be) fond of watching football matches. 38．Large amounts of money (spend) on medical treatment since last year. 39．My family (be) not large, but my family (be) all music lovers. 40．The whole family (overcome) with emotion when they heard the good news. 41．Good amounts of sleep every night (be) also important for your health. 42．An observation tower for bird-watching (build) near the wetland reserve. 43．Large amounts of money (spend) on the bridge in the last few years. 44．Either you or Tom (organize) the class meeting and buys the prizes today. 45．If it’s (convenience) for you, let’s meet at 8: 30 outside the school gate. If not, let me know what time (suit)you best. 【能力提升】 一、阅读理解 A Diet can influence a person’s height, but only during childhood-until the age of 2 years. From the age of 2 to 12 years, stunted growth (发育不良) can be modified in some children, but not all of them. There is no scientific data currently available to suggest that an adult’s height can be increased through diet. Calorie intake (热量摄取) from birth to about 2 years of age will influence the height of children. An article in The Journal of Nutrition monitored diet and socio-economic factors in more than 2,000 children, aged 2 to 12 years of age. The researcher found that each additional 100 calories in the diet was associated with an increased height of 0.13 inches in boys and slightly less in girls. The study concluded that beyond 2years of age, socio-economic status could have an impact on the height of children. Malnutrition (营养不良) in children younger than 2 years old will cause stunted growth in comparison with their parents and well-fed brothers and sisters, but malnourished (营养不良的) children can “catch up” with proper nutrition (营养). The researcher found that about 63 percent of the children were classified as “stunted” based on height-for-age measurements set by the World Health Organization. With increased calorie and vitamin intake, 30 percent were no longer stunted by the age of 8.5 years, and 32.5 percent were no longer stunted at 12 years old. Drinking milk has the greatest impact on the cognitive (认知的) and physical development of babies in their first year. A study examined the effects of drinking milk on the height and weight of 6,669 babies from six countries and found that drinking milk contributed to an increase in height of children. 1．What does the underlined word “modified” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Measured. B．Experienced. C．Improved. D．Accepted. 2．What can we learn from Paragraph 2? A．Boys grow at a higher speed than girls on average. B．Keeping a balanced diet is important to children’s health. C．Economic conditions have decisive effects on a person’s height. D．Ensuring children under 2 enough calories is important for their height. 3．How does the author make the statements more convincing? A．By quoting data from studies. B．By analyzing possible causes. C．By explaining scientific terms. D．By sharing his personal experiences. 4．What does the text mainly tell us? A．Nutritious diets for children’s health y growth. B．Instructions on how to raise children properly. C．The determining factors in a person’s height. D．The influence of diet on children’s height. B OpenAI’s automated AI-powered chatbot ChatGPT has taken the Internet by storm, but not without creating a few issues on the way. With writers, marketers, and seemingly everyone else in between using ChatGPT to generate content, companies worldwide are staring down a tsunami of AI-generated content. With issues of safety and stolen contents constantly swirling around ChatGPT and its output, OpenAI has now released GPT-Classifier, a tool designed to detect whether the text you’re reading was generated by ChatGPT or one of its other GPT tools. GPT-Classifier attempts to figure out if a given piece of text was human-written or the work of an AI-generator. While ChatGPT and other GPT models are trained extensively on all manners of text input, the GPT-Classifier tool is fine-tuned on a dataset of pairs of human-written text and AI-written text on the same topic. In other words, the GPT-Classifier attempts to compare similarities between known human text and known AI text to find inconsistency that reveal the source writer. While the idea of easily spotting AI-generated text will be music to the ears of editors and educators, OpenAI has warned that its classifier is not fully reliable. A test of the GPT-Classifier spotted a human-generated example and marked it very unlikely to be AI-generated, and also correctly indicated that a ChatGPT-generated piece on USB issues was possibly AI generated. Currently, GPT-Classifier correctly identifies 26% of AI-written text while labelling 9% of human text as AI-written. OpenAI also notes that the tool’s accuracy typically improves as the length of the input text increases. For now, although GPT-Classifier is up and running and available for testing, it’s best to take its labelling with a pinch of salt. Even with the GPT-Classifier’s limitations, the demand for reliable ChatGPT detection is likely to see many people turn to this tool. OpenAI’s commitment to building and releasing a free GPT detection tool is important because as more students, writers, programmers, and others use AI-text generation tools, understanding and detecting this input will become vital. 5．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．GPT-Classifier’s components. B．GPT-Classifier’s vast datasets. C．GPT-Classifier’s high productivity. D．GPT-Classifier’s working principle. 6．What does the underlined phrase mean in paragraph 4? A．With certain doubt. B．At face value. C．With great respect. D．As a challenge. 7．What does the last paragraph imply? A．GPT-Classifier demands more users’ trust. B．GPT-Classifier wipes out users’ belief in AI. C．GPT-Classifier meets diverse growing needs. D．GPT-Classifier has a limited range of services. 8．What is the author’s purpose of writing this passage? A．To discuss the reliability of GPT-Classifier. B．To criticise the problem of Al-generated content. C．To encourage more people to use GPT-Classifier. D．To introduce a new tool for detecting AI-generated text. C When a friend or family member sets sick, it’s difficult to see them lie in bed coughing uncontrollably and running a fever. What can you do to make them feel better? Luckily, we have some ideas. 9 *Listen first, then respond. Oftentimes when a friend or family member is ill, we try so hard to make them feel better that we push solutions onto them that they might not be comfortable with. For example, maybe we think it’s best that they sit up, when really they just want to sleep. The first thing you can do to cheer someone up who isn’t feeling well is to actually listen to what their needs are before trying to meet them. 10 Ask questions and be a comforting ear to cheer them up, before trying to respond and “fix” their problems. * 11 Being sick can be incredibly stressful because our schedules are so full. Keeping up with kids, work and housework while you’re sick is incredibly tiring. If this is the case, listen to what your loved one is stressed about, then ask if there is anything you can take off their to-do list. 12 Or, perhaps you could stop by the office to drop off paper work for her coworkers. Simple things like this will help enormously in taking the stress off of the ill person.*Give them space. Finally, one of the greatest things you can do for a sick friend or family member is just to give them space. They probably don’t want to get you sick, and having a conversation may be pretty difficult at this point. So, make sure all of their needs are met, then simply leave them alone. 13 A．Take on their to-do list. B．Encourage them to relieve stress. C．Avoid asking about their illnesses. D．Don’t simply tell them what they need. E．Maybe you could make dinner this week. F．Check out these ways to cheer up someone who is sick. G．Given space and time to rest and relax, they will feel better soon. 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 During the American Civil War, a young man 14 (name) Roswell McIntyre was drafted into the army. The war was not going well. The army needed 15 (soldier) so much that he was sent into battle without being trained. Roswell became frightened and ran. Later he 16 (sentence) to be shot for desertion. Roswell's mother appealed to President Lincoln, 17 (beg) that he was young and inexperienced, and that he needed 18 second chance. Lincoln thought and prayed. Then he wrote an 19 (admiration) statement. “I have noticed, ” he said, “that it never does a boy much good to shoot him.” He wrote this letter in his own handwriting: “Roswell McIntyre 20 (be) to be readmitted into the army. When he serves out his required enlistment(服兵役期), he will be freed of any charges of desertion.” That letter, signed by President Lincoln, is 21 display in the Library of Congress. Beside it there is a note, 22 reads, “This letter was taken from the body of Roswell McIntyre, who died respectably at the Battle of Five Forks in Virginia.” Now you might be 23 (vast) surprised at the power of forgiveness. ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 【夏日FUN学】2024年暑假英语升高二衔接教案 专题3：主谓一致（解析版） 【知识对接】 接点一、形式一致 主语是单数，谓语动词用单数形式 主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式 接点二、语意一致 谓语动词用单数的情况 1.当名词词组中心词为表示金钱、时间、度量、距离、价格等复数名词时，把这些复数名词看作一个整体。谓语动词采用单数形式。 Twenty-five dollars is too much to pay for that shirt． Fifty minutes isn’t enough to finish this test． Ten miles seems like a long walk to me． 2.以“-s”结尾的书刊名、国名、组织名、游戏名、运动名，谓语动词用单数 以-ics结尾的名词指一门学科时，常用单数谓语动词形式。当这些名词表示实际内容时，谓语动词则用复数形式。 这类单词有： economics经济学 electronics电子学 physics物理学 politics政治学 mathematics数学 statistics统计学 Roots was a novel about a slave family． His politics were a matter of great concern to his friend． Politics is his favorite subject． Statistics show that approximately 40 percent of all marriages in the US end in divorce． Statistics is a subject that is difficult to learn． 3. 有些表示某类别的总称的集合名词，如：machinery(机械)，clothing(衣服)，luggage(行李)，furniture(家具)，equipment(设备)，jewelry(珠宝)等作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。如： My luggage was sent by air． The equipment of our factory is all imported from Britain． 4.不定式、现在分词和从句作主语，谓语动词通常用单数： Playing with fire is dangerous． 注意： 若用and连接两个动名词、不定式短语或主语从句，表示两个不同的概念，则谓语动词用复数形式。若表示同一概念，则谓语动词用单数形式 Early to rise and early to bed is a good habit． When and where the building will be built hasn’t been decided． 主语从句要根据从句表达的意思而定 What she said is correct． What he gave me are five English books． 谓语动词用复数的情况 1.由and或both...and...连接两个单数名词作主语时，指的是复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式(不可数名词同样)。如： Fire and water do not agree． 注意 如果and连接的两个词是指同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，则两个名词共用一个冠词，谓语动词必须用单数。 The teacher and writer is her friend． 2.有些集合名词．如：cattle，folk，people，police，poultry(家禽)等作主语，总是跟复数动词形式。 The people hope to live a happy life． The police have caught the criminal． Cattle feed on grass． 3. 表示成双成套的名词，如：trousers，shoes，glasses，compasses等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 His black trousers are too long．他的黑裤子太长。 Your glasses are on your nose． 4.表示群岛、瀑布、山脉等以“-s”结尾的专有名词作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数。 The Philippines are in the Pacific Ocean． Rocky Mountains stand in the west of North America． 5.名词clothes，works(作“著作”讲)，goods，contents，the Olympic Games的谓语动词律律用复数。如： Clothes keep people warm． His works have been translated into several foreign languages． 注意：若表示“一套衣服”，可用a suit of clothes。clothes不可与不定冠词a或数词连用。 若表示“一部作品”用a work，“两部作品”用two works。 谓语动词单复数由名词前面的词或词组决定的 1.由“some of，plenty of，a lot of，lots of，most of，the rest of，all of，half of，part of，the remainder of或分数、百分数+of+名词”等短语作主语时，谓语动词常与of后的名词保持数的一致。 The rest of the lecture is dull． Half of the apple is rotten．这个苹果的一半腐烂变质了。 Half of the apples are rotten．这些苹果有一半腐烂变质了。 About one third of the books are worth reading.大约三分之一的书值得一读。 Over 30％ of the students were absent from the meeting． 2.由“a kind of，this kind of，many kinds of”和“名词+of this kind”等，以及由与kind意义相似的type，sort，form，part，piece，section等构成的类似短语作主语时，谓语动词与of前的名词保持数的一致。如： A kind of birds has been discovered by them． Parts of the book are very instructive． This kind of apples is expensive. Apples of this kind are expensive. 3.“more+复数名词+than one”结构谓语常用复数。 More members than one have protested against the plan． 4.不定代词“each，one，no one，some(any，no，every)+body(one或thing)”在句中作主语或作限定词时，谓语动词一律用单数形式 Each boy gets a prize． Someone wants to buy the house． Each of the books costs five Yuan. 注意：each，all，both用作同位语时，谓语动词仍应与主语保持一致 We each have an English-Chinese dictionary． 由and连接的两个或三个单数主语前如果有every，each，no，many a修饰时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 Each teacher and (each) student was given a book． Every hour and (every) minute is important Many a teacher and many a student enjoys the book very much． many a.../ more than one+名词作主语时, 谓语动词仍采取单数形式 Many a man thinks life is meaningless without purpose． one and a half+复数名词”作主语时，其谓语要用单数形式 One and a half bananas is left on the table． 接点三、就近原则 or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but(also)...等连接的并列成分作主语时，根据就近一致的原则处理。离谓语动词近的主语部分是单数，就用单数；离谓语动词近的主语是复数，谓语动词就用复数。如： Either the teacher or the students are to blame． Not only the students but also their teacher doesn’t know about it． Neither you nor I know how to do it． 接点四、主谓一致的特殊情况 1.population表示“人口”，一个国家或地区的居民数目，它作主语时谓语动词要用单数形式。 当它前面有分数或百分数时，population是指一个国家或地区的全体居民，谓语动词用复数形式。 The population of Canada is about 29 million． About eighty percent of the population of this country are peasants． 2.集合名词作主语，如果表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如表示成员则用复数。常见的这部分名词有：army，audience，class，club，committee，company，crowd，family，group，government，organization，party，team等。 Our football team is playing well. Our football team are having baths and are then coming back here for supper. 3.a number of／a variety of／varieties of+可数名词复数; “the majority of+复数名词” 作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式 the number of(表数目)和the variety of(表种类)等+可数名词 作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 A number of new houses have been built there． There are a variety of goods on sale in the shop． The number of the people who know the secret is very limited． The variety of goods on sale in the shop is surprising． 4. “a large amount of+不可数名词”作主语，谓语用单数 “large amounts of+不可数名词”作主语，谓语用复数 “a large quantity of+不可数名词”作主语，谓语用单数 “a large quantity of+复数名词”作主语，谓语常用复数 “large quantities of+不可数名词／复数名词”作主语，谓语用复数 “a good／great deal of+不可数名词”作主语，谓语用单数 A large amount of clean water is wasted every day． Vast amounts of money are being invested in the local market． Large quantities of beer are consumed in the city every year． A large quantity of money was spent on the bridge． “a total of+复数名词”作主语与复数动词连用，意思是“总共有……” “the total of+复数名词”作主语与单数动词连用，意思是“……的总数”。 5.单复数同形的名词作主语，要根据上下文的意义以及修饰这些词的词来确定其谓语形式。常见的这部分名词有aircraft，crossroads，deer，fish，headquarters。means，series，sheep，species，works等。如： The crossroads is／are dangerous． Every means has been tried． All possible means have been tried． A steel works has just been built there． 6.当主语后面跟有with，together with，along with，accompanied by，like，in addition to，as well as，as much as，more than，rather than，no less than，except，but，besides，including等连接的词组时，其谓语动词的单复数不受这些词语的影响。如： The rock singer，along with his bodyguard，was rushed away from the theater． Mr. Robbins，accompanied by his wife and children，is arriving tonight． No one but your parents was there then． Tom，together with Mary and Alice，is going to swim this afternoon. 7.the + adj./ v-ed 表示某类人作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式 the + adj. 表示某类事物或表示某一类抽象概念作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 The poor live a hard life． The beautiful lives forever． 8. there be结构中的主谓一致关系，谓语动词通常和最邻近的那个主语一致。 There are four chairs and a table in the room． 9. “a／an+单数名词+or two”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如： “one or two+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如： A student or two has failed the exam．一两个学生考试不及格。 One or two students were planting trees yesterday afternoon．昨天下午有一两个学生在植树。 10.在主语和谓语倒装的句子中，动词的数应和它后面的主语的数一致。 On the wall are some famous paintings． Between the two windows hangs a picture． 11.在“It + be+被强调部分+that／who...”结构中，be用单数形式is或was，如被强调部分是主语，that／who后的谓语与被强调部分的人称、数保持一致。 It is I who am a student． It is they who have worked there for five years． 【达标训练】 一、单项选择 1．Neither my classmates nor I __________ by our teacher yesterday. A．am punished B．was punished C．were punished D．had been punished 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：昨天我和我的同学都没有受到老师的惩罚。punish(惩罚)是谓语动词，与主语my classmates和I之间是被动关系，结合时间状语yesterday可知，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态，又因neither...nor...连接名词作主语时，遵循就近原则，故助动词用was。故选B项。 2．Professor Smith, along with his assistants, _______ on the project day and night to meet the deadline. A．is working B．are working C．were working D．have been working 【答案】A 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：史密斯教授和他的助手们为了赶在最后期限前完成这个项目，正在日夜工作。主语后有由along with...、with...、in addition to...等附加成分时，谓语动词的人称和数不受这些附加成分影响，遵循就远原则，只与前面主语相关；句中Professor Smith是专有名词，谓语动词用单数形式，只有is working符合要求。故选A项。 3．A new library and a gymnasium in our school _________ up so far and they will be put into use very soon. A．are set B．being set C．has been set D．have been set 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，我们学校已经建立了一个新的图书馆和一个体育馆，很快就会投入使用。set up(建立)是句中谓语动词，与主语A new library and a gymnasium(一个新的图书馆和一个体育馆)之间是被动关系，结合时间状语so far可知，描述过去行为对现在的影响，应使用现在完成时态，又因主语是复数概念，所以谓语动词也应使用复数形式。综上，谓语应用现在完成时的被动语态，复数形式。故选D项。 4．Franklin, as well as many other scientists, us to make scientific discoveries by conducting experiments. A．have inspired B．has inspired C．are inspiring D．had inspired 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：富兰克林和许多其他科学家一样，激励我们通过进行实验来做出科学发现。分析句子可知，本句主语为Franklin，为第三人称单数形式，所以谓语动词也用第三人称单数形式，结合选项，可以排除A、C项，且D项为过去完成时，表“过去的过去”，不符合语境，所以这里可选B项，用现在完成时，表过去发生的事情对现在的影响，符合句意。故选B项。 5．An agreement (协议) seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members ________ against it. A．is B．are C．were D．was 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：协议似乎是不可能的，因为委员会的大多数成员反对它。“the majority of + 名词”作为主语时，谓语动词的形式通常取决于of后面的名词是单数还是复数，其后名词是复数时，谓语动词使用复数形式，其后名词是单数或不可数名词时，谓语动词使用单数形式。从句中主语为the majority of the committee members，of后面是复数名词members，谓语动词也用复数形式。结合主句时态可知，描述目前的情况，用一般现在时态，系动词用are。故选B项。 6．Opposite the buildings ________ St. Paul’s Church, where you can enjoy some lovely music. A．stand B．stands C．will stand D．stood 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：建筑的对面是圣保罗教堂，在那里你可以欣赏到一些美妙的音乐。设空处为谓语，描述一般事实，用一般现在时，介词短语Opposite the buildings位于句首，用的完全倒装，主语是St. Paul’s Church，谓语用第三人称单数，故选B。 7．—Mr. Yang, when shall we leave school this afternoon? —Not until the classroom ________. A．has cleaned B．will clean C．will be cleaned D．is cleaned 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：——杨老师，今天下午我们什么时候离开学校？——直到教室打扫干净才可以离校。until引导的时间状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，主句使用一般将来时，从句使用一般现在时，主语the classroom与谓语clean为被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，且主语the classroom是单数，be动词应用is。故选D项。 8．While technology continues to evolve at a breathtaking pace, the need for human creativity and intuition ______. A．remains unchanged B．remain unchanged C．remains unchanging D．remain unchanging 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态，主谓一致和形容词。句意：虽然技术继续以惊人的速度发展，但对人类创造力和直觉的需求仍未改变。由continues可知，句子时态是一般现在时，主语need是单数，因此remain用第三人称单数，remain后跟形容词作表语，根据“While technology continues to evolve at a breathtaking pace, the need for human creativity and intuition”可知，句子表示“虽然技术继续以惊人的速度发展，但对人类创造力和直觉的需求仍未改变”，空格处意为“不变的”，unchanged和unchanging都意为“不变的”，unchanged和说明的名词之间是逻辑动宾关系，unchanged多用于表保持原来的状态，而unchanging和说明的名词之间是主谓关系，unchanging多用于表不活动或不移动，the need和unchanged之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此用unchanged，故选A。 9．The teacher as well as the students ______ satisfied with the result of the match. A．have been B．had been C．were D．was 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：老师和学生都对比赛的结果感到满意。句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，as well as连接并列主语时，后面的谓语动词根据前面的主语来确定，即根据The teacher来确定，The teacher是单数，因此空格处是was，故选D。 10．At present, a large number of wild animals ________ at the nature reserve in Sichuan Province. A．is protecting B．is being protected C．are protecting D．are being protected 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：目前，大量野生动物正在在四川省自然保护区被保护。根据时间状语at present可知，句子描述现在正在进行的动作，应用现在进行时，protect与主语a large number of wild animals之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且a large number of+复数名词作主语时，be动词使用are。故选D项。 11．—You look tired! —My husband ______ football matches all night. That’s too noisy. A．watches B．watched C．has watched D．was watching 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态。句意：——你看起来很累！——我丈夫整晚都在看足球比赛。太吵了。根据“That's too noisy.”可知，此处表示过去某一时间段内正在进行的动作，因此应该用过去进行时，其结构为was/were doing。主语My husband为单数，因此be动词应用was。故选D。 12．The girl ______ for Japan next week. A．leaves B．is leave C．is leaving D．leaving 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子时态。句意：这个女孩下周就要出发去日本了。根据时间状语next week 可知，句子表达的是将来，现在进行时表将来，表示位移的动词用现在进行时可以表示“按计划要发生的动作”，且主语为第三人称，故谓语动词应使用三单形式，故选C。 13．______ number of tourists ______ coming to our city for a short visit. A．The; are B．A; are C．The; is D．A; is 【答案】B 【详解】考查冠词及主谓一致。句意：许多游客来到我们城市进行短期访问。the number o表示"……的数量”，后接复数名词，谓语动词要用单数形式；a number oi意思是”若干、许多”，一般跟复数名词连用作句子的主语，谓语语动词要用复数形式。第一个空，表示“许多“用anumber of，修饰后面的名词复数tourists，在句中作主语，所以谓语动词用复数 are，故选B。 14．The children played in the courtyards and because of the hutongs, courtyards ________ together for miles around ________ a network of people working, playing and living together-a real community. A．was joined… creating B．were joined… to create C．joined… to create D．joining… created 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词语态、非谓语动词、主谓一致。句意：孩子们在院子里玩耍，由于胡同的存在，方圆数英里的院子连在一起，形成了一个人们一起工作、玩耍和生活的网络——一个真正的社区。①空为and后的句子中的谓语，根据played可知事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时，且主语courtyards与join“连接”为被动关系，句子应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用were。②空用create“创建”的不定式，作目的状语。故选B。 15．In a world ________ by cooperation rather than isolation, the pattern of sharing tasks and decisions ________ for equality. A．characterized… makes B．characterized… are made C．characterizing… are made D．characterized… is made 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词和谓语动词。句意：在一个以合作而不是孤立为特征的世界中，分担任务和决策的模式有利于平等。“ by cooperation rather than isolation”作后置定语，characterize(以……为特征)是非谓语动词，与逻辑主语world之前是被动关系，用过去分词表被动；动词短语make for(促成，造就)是句中谓语动词，与主语是主谓关系，应用主动语态，描述客观事情，用一般现在时态，又因主语the pattern是单数名词，谓语用单数形式。故选A项。 16．The teacher as well as his students _______ just arrived at the airport. A．is B．has C．are D．have 【答案】B 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：老师和他的学生都刚到机场。此处表示过去发生的动作对现在产生影响，用现在完成时；且主语后接介词短语as well as ，不影响主语的人称和数，谓语动词应根据主语teacher 的人称和数来确定，即单数。故选B。 17．Her parents require that she should finish her homework before she ________TV. A．watches B．watch C．will watch D．watched 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：她父母要求她在看电视之前完成家庭作业。根据require可知，空处描述一般事实，应用一般现在时。主谓一致，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故选A项。 18．They have been discussing the issue for a whole morning, but no suitable solution ________ so far. A．was found B．have been found C．has been found D．found 【答案】C 【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：这个问题他们讨论了整整一个上午，但到目前为止还没有找到合适的解决办法。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语so far可知，此处应使用现在完成时，find与主语之间为被动关系，所以使用现在完成时的被动语态，主语 no suitable solution为第三人称单数，即has been found。故选C项。 19．The hotel manager ________ the new workers how to provide better service for their customers since 9 a. m. A．has been demonstrating B．has been demonstrated C．demonstrated D．had demonstrated 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：从上午9点开始，酒店经理就一直在向新员工示范如何为顾客提供更好的服务。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根句时间状语“since 9 a. m.”以及句意可知，此处表示“从上午9点开始一直示范”，所以此处使用现在完成进行时，主语The hotel manager与demonstrate之间为主动关系，且主语为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为has been demonstrating。故选A项。 20．Not only my parents but also my daughter __________ this documentary. A．like B．is like C．are like D．likes 【答案】D 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：不仅我的父母而且我的女儿也喜欢这部纪录片。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，所以使用动词like意为“喜欢”，like作为介词时意为“像……一样”，不符合句意，not only…but also…连接并列主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则，所以like与my daughter保证一致，应用第三人称单数形式。故选D项。 二、语法填空 21．Get a load of the sculpture! The live broadcast (bring) to you from one of the largest museums on Earth. 【答案】is being brought 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：看看这个雕塑！这场直播来自地球上最大的博物馆之一。由“Get a load of the sculpture!”可知，现在正在进行现场直播，broadcast和bring之间是被动关系，因此句子用现在进行时的被动语态be being done，主语The live broadcast是单数，因此空格处是is being brought。故填is being brought。 22．More than one generation of school children to date (amaze) by Franklin’s bravery and scientific approach to looking for the truth. 【答案】has been amazed 【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：到目前为止，不止一代的学生都被富兰克林的勇气和寻找真理的科学方法所震惊。此空为谓语动词，根据时间状语to date意为“到目前为止”可知，此处应使用现在完成时，amaze与主语More than one generation of school children之间为被动关系，所以使用现在完成时的被动语态，且主语被more than one修饰时，谓语动词应使用单数形式。故填has been amazed。 23．Look! The guests (show) around the factory. 【答案】are being shown 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：看！客人们在被领着参观工厂。show(带领，引领)是句中谓语动词，与主语The guests之间是被动关系，结合Look!可知，描述正在发生的事情，用现在进行时的被动语态，又因主语是复数名词，谓语也用复数形式。故填are being shown。 24．When I arrived there, I (strike) by the beauty of the snow-covered rural landscape. 【答案】was struck 【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：当我到达那里时，我被白雪覆盖的乡村美景所吸引。此空为主句的谓语动词，根据时间状语从句中的谓语动词arrived可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，应使用一般过去时，strike与主语I之间为被动关系，所以此处使用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为第一人称。故填was struck。 25．My routine diet (consist) of fruit, milk, vegetables and rice. 【答案】consists 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我的日常饮食包括水果、牛奶、蔬菜和米饭。句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时，主语diet表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数，故填consists。 26．The Internet (effect) our daily life greatly. 【答案】affects 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：互联网极大地影响了我们的日常生活。根据汉语提示可知应用动词affect，作谓语，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为The Internet，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填affects。 27．The hurricane (predict) to reach the coast tomorrow morning, so we’d better make full preparations for it. 【答案】is predicted 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：飓风预计明天早上将到达海岸，所以我们最好为此做好充分的准备。设空处为谓语，hurricane和predict之间是被动关系，用被动语态，表示天气预报，一般用一般现在时表将来，主语是单数，故填is predicted。 28．When (walk) his dog in the park, he came across an old friend of his. 【答案】walking 【详解】考查时态，主谓一致和省略。句意：在公园遛狗的时候，他碰到了他的一位老朋友。when引导的时间状语从句表示“当他在公园遛狗的时候”，由came可知，从句中时态用过去进行时，主语he是单数，因此when引导的从句是when he was walking his dog in the park，从句中主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中有be动词时，可省略从句中的主语和be动词，因此空格处用walking。故填walking。 29．Over time, it (expand) to include multiple options of soups, vegetables, meats and sauces, appealing to people of different tastes. 【答案】has expanded 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：随着时间的推移，它已经扩展到包括多种选择的汤，蔬菜，肉类和酱料，吸引不同口味的人。设空处作谓语，由Over time以及句意可知，句子时态是现在完成时，主语it是单数，因此空格处是has expanded。故填has expanded。 30．Many changes (take) place in our daily life since the light rail was built. 【答案】have taken 【详解】考查时态、主谓一致。句意：自从轻轨建成以来，我们的日常生活发生了许多变化。根据since the light rail was built可知，take place“发生”这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，由此可知，句子应用现在完成时，又因主语changes是复数，所以助动词用have。故填have taken。 31．It was really annoying that my car (stick) in the mud the other day. 【答案】was stuck 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：前几天我的车陷在泥里，真烦人。本句是that引导的主语从句，stick作从句谓语，和主语my car之间是被动关系，用被动语态，根据前文的was可知，用一般过去时。故填was stuck。 32．As we walked into the house we (greet) by a wonderful smell of baking. 【答案】were greeted 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：当我们走进房子时，迎接我们的是一股美妙的烘焙气味。根据句中walked可知，句子使用一般过去时，结合语意，greet与主语we之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语是we，be动词使用were。故填were greeted。 33．It is said that more than two hundred students (join in) the discussion. 【答案】have joined in 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：据说有二百多名学生参加了讨论。结合句意可知，从句表示过去发生的事情对现在的影响，应用现在完成时，主语more than two hundred students表示复数意义，助动词使用have。故填have joined in。 34．Not only I but also my friend (gain) a glimpse into the two splendid civilizations so far. 【答案】has gained 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：不仅我，而且我的朋友都瞥见了迄今为止两个灿烂的文明。根据后文so far可知为现在完成时，且not only...but also...句型遵循就近原则，谓语与friend保持一致，助动词用has。故填has gained。 35．Not only the students but also the teacher (invite) yesterday. 【答案】was invited 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：昨天不仅学生们被邀请了，老师也被邀请了。根据yesterday可知，句子应用一般过去时，主语students和teacher与invite之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态；not only...but also...并列两个名词作主语时，适用就近原则，即谓语动词的形式和最近的主语保持一致，本句和teacher保持一致，故谓语动词用单数形式。故填was invited。 36．Not only he but also I (be) going to China. 【答案】am 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：不仅他而且我也要去中国。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词，结合句意，此处讲述的为现在的情况，所以应使用一般将来时，not only…but also…连接并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式使用就近原则，所以此处谓语动词应取决于主语I。故填am。 37．Not only Zhou Xia but also her parents (be) fond of watching football matches. 【答案】are 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：不仅周霞而且她的父母都喜欢看足球比赛。分析句子可知，空处是系动词，句子在描述通常性的行为，时态应用一般现在时，not only… but also…结构作主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则，her parents为复数，be动词应用are。故填are。 38．Large amounts of money (spend) on medical treatment since last year. 【答案】have been spent 【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：自从去年以来，大量的钱被花在医疗上。分析句子可知，空白处在句中作谓语，句子的时间状语是since last year，所以句子应用现在完成时，“large amounts of+名词”作句子主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式，主语Large amounts of money与谓语spend之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以空处应用现在完成时的被动语态。故填have been spent。 39．My family (be) not large, but my family (be) all music lovers. 【答案】 is are 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我的家庭不大，但我的家人都是音乐爱好者。句子在描述当下的情况，时态宜用一般现在时，根据“not large”可知，第一空前的My family指家庭这个整体概念，谓语动词应用单数形式，根据“all music lovers”可知，第二空前的my family指家庭中的每个成员，谓语动词应用复数形式。故依次填is和are。 40．The whole family (overcome) with emotion when they heard the good news. 【答案】was overcome 【详解】考查主谓一致、动词的时态和语态。句意：听到这个好消息，全家人都激动不已。分析句子结构，空处作主句的谓语。根据从句中的heard，主句应用一般过去时。主句的主语为The whole family，强调整体概念，所以谓语应用单数形式，且主语和overcome之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态。故填was overcome。 41．Good amounts of sleep every night (be) also important for your health. 【答案】are 【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：每晚充足的睡眠对你的健康也很重要。分析句子结构和意思可知，当名词前有 amounts of修饰时，谓语动词的数与 amounts保持一致，用复数形式，这句话描述的是道理，谓语用一般现在时，be动词用are。故填are。 42．An observation tower for bird-watching (build) near the wetland reserve. 【答案】is being built 【详解】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在湿地保护区附近正在建造一座观鸟塔。此处表示现阶段正在进行的动作，使用现在进行时，主语An observation tower for bird-watching，和build为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为单数名词，be动词用is。故填is being built。 43．Large amounts of money (spend) on the bridge in the last few years. 【答案】have been spent 【详解】考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的几年里，在这座桥上花了大量的钱。空处为谓语动词，由时间状语 in the last few years可知应用现在完成时，主语money与spend之间为被动关系且large amounts of +不可数名词作主语时谓语动词的数应与amount的数保持一致，所以此处应用现在完成时的被动语态形式have been spent。故填have been spent。 44．Either you or Tom (organize) the class meeting and buys the prizes today. 【答案】organizes 【详解】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：今天不是你就是汤姆组织班会并买奖品。分析句子可知，空处和buys并列，作句子的谓语，时态为一般现在时，either…or…连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致，Tom为单数，organize“组织”应用第三人称单数形式。故填organizes。 45．If it’s (convenience) for you, let’s meet at 8: 30 outside the school gate. If not, let me know what time (suit)you best. 【答案】 convenient suits 【详解】考查形容词和主谓一致。句意：如果你方便的话，我们8:30在校门口见面。如果不方便的话，请告诉我什么时间最适合你。第一个空格处需要填入形容词来作表语，表示“方便的”。所给词“convenience”是名词，意思是“便利”，其形容词形式是“convenient”，意思是“方便的”。因此，第一个空格处应填入“convenient”。第二个空格处需要填入动词来作谓语，表示“适合”。所给词“suit”是动词，意思是“适合”，由于整句话是一般现在时，且主语是“what time”，所以“suit”应使用第三人称单数形式“suits”。因此，第二个空格处应填入“suits”。故填①convenient，②suits。 【能力提升】 一、阅读理解 A Diet can influence a person’s height, but only during childhood-until the age of 2 years. From the age of 2 to 12 years, stunted growth (发育不良) can be modified in some children, but not all of them. There is no scientific data currently available to suggest that an adult’s height can be increased through diet. Calorie intake (热量摄取) from birth to about 2 years of age will influence the height of children. An article in The Journal of Nutrition monitored diet and socio-economic factors in more than 2,000 children, aged 2 to 12 years of age. The researcher found that each additional 100 calories in the diet was associated with an increased height of 0.13 inches in boys and slightly less in girls. The study concluded that beyond 2years of age, socio-economic status could have an impact on the height of children. Malnutrition (营养不良) in children younger than 2 years old will cause stunted growth in comparison with their parents and well-fed brothers and sisters, but malnourished (营养不良的) children can “catch up” with proper nutrition (营养). The researcher found that about 63 percent of the children were classified as “stunted” based on height-for-age measurements set by the World Health Organization. With increased calorie and vitamin intake, 30 percent were no longer stunted by the age of 8.5 years, and 32.5 percent were no longer stunted at 12 years old. Drinking milk has the greatest impact on the cognitive (认知的) and physical development of babies in their first year. A study examined the effects of drinking milk on the height and weight of 6,669 babies from six countries and found that drinking milk contributed to an increase in height of children. 1．What does the underlined word “modified” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Measured. B．Experienced. C．Improved. D．Accepted. 2．What can we learn from Paragraph 2? A．Boys grow at a higher speed than girls on average. B．Keeping a balanced diet is important to children’s health. C．Economic conditions have decisive effects on a person’s height. D．Ensuring children under 2 enough calories is important for their height. 3．How does the author make the statements more convincing? A．By quoting data from studies. B．By analyzing possible causes. C．By explaining scientific terms. D．By sharing his personal experiences. 4．What does the text mainly tell us? A．Nutritious diets for children’s health y growth. B．Instructions on how to raise children properly. C．The determining factors in a person’s height. D．The influence of diet on children’s height. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了饮食对孩子身高的影响，特别是两岁以内热量摄入和营养对儿童生长发育的重要性。 1．词句猜测题。根据文章第一段划线词前句“Diet can influence a person’s height, but only during childhood-until the age of 2 years.(饮食会影响一个人的身高，但只能在儿童时期直到2岁)”及划线词后句“There is no scientific data currently available to suggest that an adult’s height can be increased through diet.(目前没有科学数据表明成年人的身高可以通过饮食来提高)”可推知，划线词所在句表达“在2岁到12岁之间，一些孩子的发育不良可以得到改善，但并不是所有的孩子都可以”，因此，划线词modified与C项“改善”意义相近。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The researcher found that each additional 100 calories in the diet was associated with an increased height of 0.13 inches in boys and slightly less in girls.(研究人员发现，饮食中每增加100卡路里，男孩的身高就会增加0.13英寸，女孩的身高会略低)”可知，确保2岁以下儿童摄入足够的热量对他们的身高很重要。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The researcher found that each additional 100 calories in the diet was associated with an increased height of 0.13 inches in boys and slightly less in girls.(研究人员发现，饮食中每增加100卡路里，男孩的身高就会增加0.13英寸，女孩的身高会略低)”及第三段“With increased calorie and vitamin intake, 30 percent were no longer stunted by the age of 8.5 years, and 32.5 percent were no longer stunted at 12 years old.(随着热量和维生素摄入量的增加，30%的孩子在8.5岁时不再发育迟缓，32.5%的孩子在12岁时不再发育迟缓)”可知，作者通过引用研究数据使这些说法更有说服力。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。结合全文及文章第一段“Diet can influence a person’s height, but only during childhood-until the age of 2 years.(饮食会影响一个人的身高，但只能在儿童时期直到2岁)”可知，本文主要讲述了饮食对孩子身高的影响，故D项“饮食对儿童身高的影响”适合作为文章的标题。故选D项。 B OpenAI’s automated AI-powered chatbot ChatGPT has taken the Internet by storm, but not without creating a few issues on the way. With writers, marketers, and seemingly everyone else in between using ChatGPT to generate content, companies worldwide are staring down a tsunami of AI-generated content. With issues of safety and stolen contents constantly swirling around ChatGPT and its output, OpenAI has now released GPT-Classifier, a tool designed to detect whether the text you’re reading was generated by ChatGPT or one of its other GPT tools. GPT-Classifier attempts to figure out if a given piece of text was human-written or the work of an AI-generator. While ChatGPT and other GPT models are trained extensively on all manners of text input, the GPT-Classifier tool is fine-tuned on a dataset of pairs of human-written text and AI-written text on the same topic. In other words, the GPT-Classifier attempts to compare similarities between known human text and known AI text to find inconsistency that reveal the source writer. While the idea of easily spotting AI-generated text will be music to the ears of editors and educators, OpenAI has warned that its classifier is not fully reliable. A test of the GPT-Classifier spotted a human-generated example and marked it very unlikely to be AI-generated, and also correctly indicated that a ChatGPT-generated piece on USB issues was possibly AI generated. Currently, GPT-Classifier correctly identifies 26% of AI-written text while labelling 9% of human text as AI-written. OpenAI also notes that the tool’s accuracy typically improves as the length of the input text increases. For now, although GPT-Classifier is up and running and available for testing, it’s best to take its labelling with a pinch of salt. Even with the GPT-Classifier’s limitations, the demand for reliable ChatGPT detection is likely to see many people turn to this tool. OpenAI’s commitment to building and releasing a free GPT detection tool is important because as more students, writers, programmers, and others use AI-text generation tools, understanding and detecting this input will become vital. 5．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．GPT-Classifier’s components. B．GPT-Classifier’s vast datasets. C．GPT-Classifier’s high productivity. D．GPT-Classifier’s working principle. 6．What does the underlined phrase mean in paragraph 4? A．With certain doubt. B．At face value. C．With great respect. D．As a challenge. 7．What does the last paragraph imply? A．GPT-Classifier demands more users’ trust. B．GPT-Classifier wipes out users’ belief in AI. C．GPT-Classifier meets diverse growing needs. D．GPT-Classifier has a limited range of services. 8．What is the author’s purpose of writing this passage? A．To discuss the reliability of GPT-Classifier. B．To criticise the problem of Al-generated content. C．To encourage more people to use GPT-Classifier. D．To introduce a new tool for detecting AI-generated text. 【答案】5．D 6．A 7．C 8．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了ChatGPT的创造者OpenAI推出了一款工具GPT-Classifier，可以弄清文本是由人类撰写的还是由AI生成的。 5．主旨大意题。根据第二段“GPT-Classifier attempts to figure out if a given piece of text was human-written or the work of an AI-generator. While ChatGPT and other GPT models are trained extensively on all manners of text input, the GPT-Classifier tool is fine-tuned on a dataset of pairs of human-written text and AI-written text on the same topic. In other words, the GPT-Classifier attempts to compare similarities between known human text and known AI text to find inconsistency that reveal the source writer.(GPT-Classifier试图弄清楚给定的文本是人工编写的还是Al生成器的作品。虽然ChatGPT和其他GPT模型在各种文本输入方式上进行了广泛的训练，但GPT-Classifier工具在同一主题的人工书写文本和人工智能书写文本对的数据集上进行了微调。换言之，GPT-Classifier试图比较已知人类文本和已知人工智能文本之间的相似性，以发现揭示源作者的不一致性。)”可知。本段主要讲述了GPT-Classifier的工作原理。故选D。 6．短语猜测题。根据第三段中的“OpenAI has warned that its classifier is not fully reliable(OpenAI警告称，其分类器并不完全可靠)”和第四段中的“Currently, GPT-Classifier correctly identifies 26% of AI-written text while labelling 9% of human text as AI-written.(目前，GPT分类器正确识别了26%的人工智能书写文本，同时将9%的人类文本标记为人工智能书写。)”可知，GPT-Classifier并不完全可靠，识别的准确度有待提高，再结合画线短语所在句中的“although GPT-Classifier is up and running and available for testing”可推测出，这里表达的是：尽管GPT-Classifier已经启动并运行，可以进行测试，但对其标签最好不宜全信。with a pinch of salt意为“半信半疑地”，与A项“带有一定怀疑”意思相近。故选A。 7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Even with the GPT-Classifier’s limitations, the demand for reliable ChatGPT detection is likely to see many people turn to this tool. OpenAI’s commitment to building and releasing a free GPT detection tool is important because as more students, writers, programmers, and others use AI-text generation tools, understanding and detecting this input will become vital.(即使GPT-Classifier有局限性，对可靠的ChatGPT检测的需求可能会导致许多人使用该工具。OpenAI致力于构建和发布免费的GPT检测工具，这一点很重要，因为随着越来越多的学生、作家、程序员和其他人使用人工智能文本生成工具，理解和检测这种输入将变得至关重要。)”可知，越来越多的学生、作家、程序员和其他人会使用人工智能文本生成工具，所以可推测出，GPT-Classifier有着日益增长的多样化需求。故选C。 8．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“With issues of safety and stolen contents constantly swirling around ChatGPT and its output, OpenAI has now released GPT-Classifier, a tool designed to detect whether the text you’re reading was generated by ChatGPT or one of its other GPT tools.(随着安全问题和被盗内容不断围绕着ChatGPT及其输出，OpenAI现在发布了GPT-Classifier，这是一种旨在检测你正在阅读的文本是由ChatGPT还是其其他GPT工具生成的工具。)”可知，本文主要介绍了GPT-Classifier这种工具，可以帮助识别文本是由人类撰写的还是由AI生成的。故选D。 C When a friend or family member sets sick, it’s difficult to see them lie in bed coughing uncontrollably and running a fever. What can you do to make them feel better? Luckily, we have some ideas. 9 *Listen first, then respond. Oftentimes when a friend or family member is ill, we try so hard to make them feel better that we push solutions onto them that they might not be comfortable with. For example, maybe we think it’s best that they sit up, when really they just want to sleep. The first thing you can do to cheer someone up who isn’t feeling well is to actually listen to what their needs are before trying to meet them. 10 Ask questions and be a comforting ear to cheer them up, before trying to respond and “fix” their problems. * 11 Being sick can be incredibly stressful because our schedules are so full. Keeping up with kids, work and housework while you’re sick is incredibly tiring. If this is the case, listen to what your loved one is stressed about, then ask if there is anything you can take off their to-do list. 12 Or, perhaps you could stop by the office to drop off paper work for her coworkers. Simple things like this will help enormously in taking the stress off of the ill person.*Give them space. Finally, one of the greatest things you can do for a sick friend or family member is just to give them space. They probably don’t want to get you sick, and having a conversation may be pretty difficult at this point. So, make sure all of their needs are met, then simply leave them alone. 13 A．Take on their to-do list. B．Encourage them to relieve stress. C．Avoid asking about their illnesses. D．Don’t simply tell them what they need. E．Maybe you could make dinner this week. F．Check out these ways to cheer up someone who is sick. G．Given space and time to rest and relax, they will feel better soon. 【答案】9．F 10．D 11．A 12．E 13．G 【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了让生病的人振作起来的方法。 9．根据上文“Whena friend or family member sets sick, it’s difficult to see them lie in bed coughing uncontrollably and running a fever. What can you do to make them feel better? Luckily, we have some ideas. (当朋友或家人生病时，很难看到他们发烧躺在床上。你能做些什么让他们感觉好点？幸运的是，我们有一些想法)”可知，本文主题是介绍让生病的人振作起来的方法，所以F“Check out these ways to cheer up someone who is sick.(看看这些方法，让生病的人振作起来)”承接上文，介绍本文主题，并引出下文。故选F项。 10．根据上文“For example, maybe we think it’s best that they sit up, when really they just want to sleep. The first thing you can do to cheer someone up who isn’t feeling well is to actually listen to what their needs are before trying to meet them. (例如，也许我们认为最好让他们坐起来，而实际上他们只是想睡觉。你能做的第一件事就是在尝试满足他们之前倾听他们的需求)”可知，本段主要讲述要倾听生病人的自己的想法，所以D项“Don’t simply imagine what they need. (不要简单地想象他们需要什么)”是对前文的进一步解释，承接上文，符合题意。故选D项。 11．设空处是本段的小标题，是对本段的高度概括，根据后文“Being sick can be incredibly stressful because our schedules are so full. Keeping up with kids, work and housework while you’re sick is incredibly tiring. If this is the case, listen to what your loved one is stressed about, then ask if there is anything you can take off their to-do list. (生病会给我们带来难以置信的压力，因为我们的时间表都排得满满的。生病的时候还要照顾孩子、工作和家务是非常累人的。如果是这样的话，听听你爱的人有什么压力，然后问问是否有什么事情可以从他们的待办事项清单上删除。)”可知，本段主要讲述，帮助生病的人完成他们担心的事，所以A项“Take on their to-do list.(完成他们的任务清单)”能概括本段主旨。故选A项。 12．根据上文“If this is the case, listen to what your loved one is stressed about, then ask if there is anything you can take off their to-do list. (如果是这样的话，听听你爱的人有什么压力，然后问问是否有什么事情可以从他们的待办事项清单上删除。)”以及后文“Or, perhaps you could stop by the office to drop off paper work for her coworkers. Simple things like this will help enormously in taking the stress off of the ill person. (或者，你可以顺路去一下她的办公室，给她的同事送一些文件。像这样简单的事情将极大地帮助病人减轻压力。)”可知，此处是在举例说明，可以帮助生病的人做什么事，所以E项“Maybe you could make dinner this week. (也许这周你可以做晚饭)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选E项。 13．设空位于段尾，是对上文的总结，根据前文“Finally, one of the greatest things you can do for a sick friend or family member is just to give them space. They probably don’t want to get you sick, and having a conversation may be pretty difficult at this point. So, make sure all of their needs are met, then simply leave them alone. (最后，你能为生病的朋友或家人做的最好的事情之一就是给他们空间。他们可能不想让你生病，在这一点上进行谈话可能相当困难。所以，确保他们所有的需求都得到满足，然后就不要管他们了)”可知，本段主要讲述了给生病的人一些空间，所以G项“Given space and time to rest and relax, they will feel better soon. (给他们休息和放松的空间和时间，他们很快就会好起来的)”是对前文的总结，符合题意。故选G项。 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 During the American Civil War, a young man 14 (name) Roswell McIntyre was drafted into the army. The war was not going well. The army needed 15 (soldier) so much that he was sent into battle without being trained. Roswell became frightened and ran. Later he 16 (sentence) to be shot for desertion. Roswell's mother appealed to President Lincoln, 17 (beg) that he was young and inexperienced, and that he needed 18 second chance. Lincoln thought and prayed. Then he wrote an 19 (admiration) statement. “I have noticed, ” he said, “that it never does a boy much good to shoot him.” He wrote this letter in his own handwriting: “Roswell McIntyre 20 (be) to be readmitted into the army. When he serves out his required enlistment(服兵役期), he will be freed of any charges of desertion.” That letter, signed by President Lincoln, is 21 display in the Library of Congress. Beside it there is a note, 22 reads, “This letter was taken from the body of Roswell McIntyre, who died respectably at the Battle of Five Forks in Virginia.” Now you might be 23 (vast) surprised at the power of forgiveness. 【答案】14．named 15．soldiers 16．was sentenced 17．begging 18．a 19．admirable 20．is 21．on 22．which 23．vastly 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了在美国内战期间林肯总统宽恕逃兵的故事。 14．考查非谓语动词。句意：在美国内战期间，一个叫罗斯威尔·麦金泰尔的年轻人被征召入伍。Name sb. (as) sth.“将某人命名为...”，man与name之间为被动关系，即用过去分词作定语，named的过去分词形式为named。故填named。 15．考查名词。句意：军队急需士兵，以致于他没有经过训练就被派上战场。根据语境可知，军队需要许多的士兵，所以要使用可数名词的复数形式。故填soldiers。 16．考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：后来，他因逃亡被判处枪决。这里讲述的是过去发生的事情，又sentence是“判决”的意思，与he之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was sentenced。 17．考查非谓语动词。句意：罗斯韦尔的母亲乞求林肯总统，他的儿子年轻，没有经验，需要第二次机会。句子中已经有谓语appealed，故此处用非谓语动词作状语，Roswell' s mother 与beg之间构成主动关系，故用现在分词形式。故填begging。 18．考查不定冠词的用法。a+序数词为固定搭配，意为“另外几个”。故填a。 19．考查形容词。句意：然后他写了一句令人钦佩的话。修饰名词为形容词。admiration 的名词形式为admirable意为“令人钦佩的” 故填admirable。 20．考查一般现在时及主谓一致。句意：Roswell McIntyre将被重新投入军队。由下文可知此处用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，故用is。故填is。 21．考查介词。句意：那封由林肯总统签署的信在国会图书馆展出。on display意为“在展出中”为固定短语。故填on。 22．考查非限制性定语从句。句意：旁边还有一张纸条，上面写着：“……”。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词anote,且在从句中作主语，故只能用which引导该定语从句。故填which。 23．考查副词。句意：现在你可能会对宽恕的力量大为吃惊。修饰形容词surprised应为副词，vast的副词形式为vastly，意为“非常”。故填vastly。 ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$