精品解析：江苏省常州市天宁区常州市第一中学2023-2024学年高二下学期6月月考英语试题

常州市第一中学2023-2024学年第二学期六月阶段质量调研 高二年级英语试卷 本试卷满分150分 考试时间120分钟 第二部分 阅读 (共两节，满分50分) 第一节 (共15小题: 每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Buccleuch Place/ Buccleuch Place Lane Overview Buccleuch Place/Buccleuch Place Lane, 1-6&; 7-13, Buccleuch Place, Edinburgh, EH89LW Buccleuch Place provides a mix of standard study bedrooms within flats, each with shared kitchen/living spaces and bathroom facilities. Standard single en-suite room Standard room with en-suite bathroom £ 10, 377 per year BATHROOM: En-suite CATERING: Self-catered property BILLS: All utility（bills included- there is an average allowance of electricity but overuse can result in additional charges. Twin room Twin room with shared bathroom facilities £ 5, 215 per year BATHROOM: Shared CATERING: Self-catered property BILLS: All utility bills included -there is an average allowance of electricity but overuse can result in additional charges. Standard single room Standard single room with shared bathroom facilities £ 8, 651 per year BATHROOM: Shared CATERING: Self-catered property BILLS: All utility bills included -there is an average allowance of electricity but overuse can result in additional charges. Cleaning and housekeeping • Staff on site will regularly clean the laundry, common room, common room toilets, stairs and lifts. • Staff will visit your flat weekly and assist you in keeping common areas clean (kitchens, any shared bathrooms and hallways). However, residents should also clean between visits. • Residents should clear rubbish and remove al recycling to the designated areas: you are also responsible for keeping your own bedrooms and en-suite bathrooms clean. • Please note that al our accommodation is non-smoking, this includes e-cigarettes. 1. Which of the following might be true about a standard single en-suite room? A It is the cheapest choice. B. It provides a private bathroom. C. Food is included in the bill. D. Residents do not need to pay any bills. 2. A resident in the Buccleuch Place ________. A. can have e-cigarettes in his room. B. only needs to clean his own bedroom. C. has staff visits on a daily basis. D. should remove recycling to specific areas. 3. Which of the following section could this passage be possibly found? A. Accommodation. B. Jobs. C. Finance. D. Courses. B “It’s not unusual for guests to feel emotional when they discover the story behind our food,” says Patrick Navis. “Not to mention when they taste it. One even cried with happiness.” The setting for these tearful scenes? Navis’s restaurant in a Dutch city. Here, the owner and his team create experimental food using herbs, roots, flowers and nuts — some common, others less so. Most of these ingredients (食材) come from the Ketelbroek Food Forest nearby. To the untrained eye, it’s like an ordinary wood. But there’s one key difference: everything in it is edible. It was set up in 2009 by Dutch botanist and environmentalist Noah Eck as an experiment in slow farming, to see what would happen if the right combination of food plants were left to grow together like a natural forest, without chemicals. “It’s the first ‘food forest’ of its kind in Europe and we’re one of the few restaurants around the world cooperating in this way,”says Navis.“We have over 400 different species of edible plants we plan our menus around, including some we previously knew little about.” He harvests the ingredients and, with his fellow chefs, works them into beautifully presented tasting menus, served in a dining room hidden in the backstreets of the city, “To us, fine dining is not about the fame of a restaurant, its location, expensive decoration, fancy cooking and wine list,”says Navis.“It’s about adding value through creativity and using ingredients nobody knows of, which are grown with great attention.” However, he adds, luxury cooking can be about enhancing everyday ingredients, too. “When looking at cooking in this way, who can argue that caviar (鱼子酱), for example, is more valuable than a carrot grown with specialist knowledge?” Experimentation is extremely important to Navis. In the next five years, he hopes to open an outdoor restaurant. But for now, the most important thing is to continue focusing on how plants are being grown and the perennial system used in the Food Forest, reducing the need for replanting each season. 4. What can we learn about Navis’s restaurant? A. It is well received by its guests. B. It serves food with moving stories. C. It offers experimental food for free. D. It is known for its rare food sources. 5. How is Ketelbrock Food Forest different from ordinary woods? A. It is a natural forest. B. Diverse plants coexist in it. C. Plants there take longer to grow. D. It provides safe food ingredients. 6. What is the key element of fine dining according to Navis? A. Convenient locations. B. Expensive ingredients. C. Innovative menus. D. Fancy cooking techniques. 7. What does “the perennial system” in the last paragraph probably refer to? A. The sustainable farming practice. B. Farming with proper use of chemicals. C. Natural farming without human intervention. D. An experimental farm for an outdoor restaurant. C Some people today might be early risers because of DNA they take after Neanderthals tens of thousands of years ago, suggests new research. When early humans migrated from Africa to Eurasia roughly 70,000 years ago, some of them mated with Neanderthals, who had already adapted to the colder, darker climates of the north. The ripple (涟漪) effects of that intermating still exist today: Modern humans of non-African ancestry (血统) have between 1 and 4 percent Neanderthal DNA. Some of that DNA relates to sleep more specifically, the internal body clock known as the circadian rhythm. For the new study, researchers compared DNA from today’s humans and DNA from Neanderthal fossils (化石). In both groups, they found some of the same genetic variants involved with the circadian rhythm. And they found that modern humans who carry these variants also reported being early risers. For Neanderthals, being “morning people” might not have been the real benefit of carrying these genes. Instead, scientists suggest, Neanderthals’ DNA gave them faster, more flexible internal body clocks, which allowed them to adjust more easily to annual changes in daylight. This connection makes sense in the context of human history. When early humans moved north out of Africa, they would have experienced variable daylight hours — shorter days in the winter and longer days in the summer for the first time. The Neanderthals’ circadian rhythm genes likely helped early humans’ offspring (后代) adapt to this new environment. Notably, the findings do not prove that Neanderthal genes are responsible for the sleep habits of all early risers. Lots of different factors beyond genetics can contribute, including social and environmental influences. The study also only included DNA from a database called the U.K. Biobank—so the findings may not necessarily apply to all modern humans. Next, the research team hopes to study other genetic databases to see if the same link holds true for people of other ancestries. If the findings do apply more broadly, they may one day be useful for improving sleep in the modern world, where circadian rhythms are disturbed by night shifts and glowing smartphones. 8. What does the new research focus on? A. DNA’s dramatic changes. B. Genes’ influence on early risers. C. Neanderthals’ sleeping patterns. D. Ancestors’ environmental adaptability. 9. What is paragraph 2 intended to show concerning the new research? A. Historical context. B. Additional proof. C. Sample analysis. D. Studying process. 10. What is the real benefit of carrying Neanderthal’s DNA for modern humans? A. Getting up earlier. B. Having healthier daily routines. C Being more flexible in their work. D. Possessing a better circadian rhythm. 11. What can be inferred about the findings from the last paragraph? A. They get proof from other studies. B. They are confirmed by early risers. C They suggest potential applications. D. They reveal factors in sleeping disorders. D “Palace, Mountain, Moon?” has been selected by NASA as the Astronomical Picture of the Day for December 25, 2023. The photo was taken by Valerio, a young photographer of Turin, Italy. It was shot on the evening of December 15, 2023. While he knew about NASA’s competition, he hadn’t considered participating until receiving much encouragement from his social media followers. Soon after, he received the message, “Your image has been chosen as the astronomical photo of the day.” It was incredible! In a photo like this, nothing is left to luck. The concept came to him back in 2017. Walking on the hills north of Turin, he found several spots perfect for including both the Basilica of Superga Palace and Mountain Monviso. After numerous visits over several months, he identified four spots where Superga and Monviso line up just right. After pinpointing these locations, he experimented with shooting them at different times. “I knew I needed something special to perfect the photo. The Sun was a no-go, so I turned to the Moon. Its various phases and position s reach an azimuth angle (方位角) of 230 degrees,” Valerio said. With this in mind, he researched the Moon’s phases, marked potential dates on the calendar, and planned the exact moments when the moon could join the queue. It was very successful, especially because the Moon was in a waxing phase. This meant that in the photo, not only was its crescent (新月) lit up, but so was the left part, its shadowed side. That part is lit by reflected light, also known as Da Vinci’s glow, named after him because he was the one who theorized about why the Moon’s shadowed side is brightened. During the early days of the waxing Moon phases, the shadowed part is visible because the Sun’s light reflects off the Earth and hits the Moon’s shadowed side, giving it a greyish, silvery color. This allowed the light to outline Monviso on the left as well. 12. Why did Valerio send the photo to NASA? A. He took an interest in astronomical advances. B. He expected to create an impact on social media. C. He received broad support from enthusiastic fans. D. He wished to make his hometown a tourist hot spot. 13. In Valerio’s photo, the three objects ______. A. shine light on each other B. stand in a straight line C. fit each other in size D. vary from usual in color 14. What did Valerio do to prepare for the perfect photo? A. Studying how the Moon phase changes. B. Calculating the Superga-Monviso distance. C. Analyzing when to adjust the camera angle. D. Measuring the height of the observation point. 15 What was lit up by the Da Vinci’s glow? A. The outline of the crescent. B. The outline of Superga. C. The dark side of the Moon. D. The shadowed side of the Earth. 第二节 (共5小题: 每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 It was dinner time, yet I hadn’t finished my work for the day. Cheery people who were enjoying their holiday time buzzed around me. But with my head down and headphones in, I had interacted with very few of them. The day passed more like a fast-forwarded video than something that I actually fully experienced. ___16___ This was my first week living the digital nomad lifestyle. I had left my corporate role and found freelance (自由职业的) writing work online to afford me the freedom to travel. ___17___ With enthusiasm, I expected my attitude would also change. Instead, the first surprising realization of my travel journey had hit: despite changing my formal suits to casuals, I was the exact same person I had been at home. I had prepared excitedly, surfing online about digital nomadism. ___18___While you might expect finances to be the biggest killer of this lifestyle, unrealistic expectations are the death blow that I hear about most often. After six years abroad, realism is now the primary message I share. ___19___ Instead of an office room, you’ll work from a balcony overlooking the Mediterranean or a sunny rooftop in the heart of Marrakesh. Instead of waiting at the coffee machine next to complaining colleagues, your daily coffee run will lead you down dusty cobblestone streets into tiny cafes. These dreams exist and are waiting for you once you clear customs. But that’s not all that’s waiting for new digital nomads. ___20___ At-home life and life on the road can at times feel shockingly similar, or, if bad work habits take over, even worse. It’s an important expectation to understand before you set out on your digital nomad lifestyle: your surroundings will change, but you take you everywhere that you go. No matter how ultra-light you pack. A. And my surroundings looked different. B. But this wasn’t at a tiring nine-to-five office job. C. This was a typical day back in my office I managed to escape. D. New surroundings may also make you fully engaged in your work. E. Should you choose to become a digital nomad, your environment will change. F. You’ll still wake up with emails in your inbox and to-dos begging to be handled. G. Yet somehow I unknowingly over-consumed expectation and under-consumed realism. 第三部分 语言知识运用 (共两节，满分30分) 第一节 (共15小题; 每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 My mother has always been one of those rare people that sees the good in everyone and does good things. She’s had her ups and downs but has always___21___a positive, sunny outlook on life and been very___22___to people. One day, my little sister fell and hurt her ankle, desperately needing a___23___to the hospital emergency room. My mother immediately___24___into crisis mode, packed my sister into the car, and drove to our local hospital. In such a___25___, my mother didn’t call to tell my father. When she got to the hospital, she realized she needed to___26___with my father immediately. While waiting for my sister to be examined, my mother___27___her way to the pay phone to place her call. She put her coin in, called my father and told him everything. After she hung up, the phone___28___several additional coins that Mom wasn’t owed. Realizing that the phone was___29___, my mother decided to leave the____30____coins by the phone. She told us that in a crisis, people might not remember to bring____31____with them to make that emergency call. I’ve often thought about her____32____from an adult’s perspective. I realize that someone seeing the money by he phone may have____33____taken it because not everyone was as____34____as my mother. But I like to believe that my mother’s faith was ____35____and that someone who needed them found the coins waiting there. 21. A. tolerated B. anticipated C. maintained D. expressed 22. A. patient B. helpful C. honest D. polite 23. A. rest B. stay C. lift D. visit 24. A. cut B. shifted C. looked D. stuck 25. A. rush B. way C. relief D. process 26. A. come along B. keep in line C. make up D. get in touch 27. A. made B. felt C. picked D. gave 28. A. found B. returned C. collected D. charged 29. A. smart B. ready C. convenient D. broken 30. A. different B. ancient C. extra D. rare 31. A. luck B. phones C. change D. chances 32. A. opportunity B. decision C. appointment D. encounter 33. A. simply B. suddenly C. obviously D. gradually 34. A. thoughtful B. grateful C. hopeful D. successful 35. A. hard-won B. newly-built C. well-placed D. deeply-rooted 第二节 语法填空(共10小题:每小题1.5分，满分15分) 语法填空 Walking and Using a Phone is Bad for Your Health Spend time on any crowded sidewalk and you’ll see heads bent over and eyes cast downward. One recent study of college students found that a quarter of people crossing intersections ____36____ (absorb) in a device. That screen in your hand isn’t just distracting your attention. It also changes your mood, your manner of walking and etc. — and affects your ability to get from point A to point B ____37____ running into trouble. When you walk and use a phone at the same time, you automatically adjust ____38____ you move. Video footage of walkers has shown that people on phones walk about 10 percent slower than those undistracted ones. These changes can block traffic on the sidewalk. And ____39____ walking makes up a big portion of your daily physical activity, walking more slowly may have impacts for your fitness. Looking down at a smartphone while walking can also increase the amount of force ____40____ (place) on the neck and upper back muscles, which could reduce balance and increase the risk of falls. It’s now widely accepted that walking in natural spaces is good for your mental health. It appears that ____41____ (get) these benefits, it’s important that your attention is on the environment, rather than on your phone. Most of us understand that walking and using a phone can be risky. Some cities, like Honolulu, ____42____ (pass) laws to control distracted walkers. But research on those dangers has turned up some surprises. One study has looked at the connection between “phone-related distracted walking” and emergency department visits. Using government data ____43____ (extend) over the years 2011 to 2019, the researchers turned up nearly 30,000 walking injuries occasioned by phones. If you’re distracted by a phone, you’re definitely putting ____44____ at some risk. So how do you stay safe? If you do walk and use your device at the same time, stop when you’re around stairs, crosswalks and messy or uneven ground, ______45______ accidents are more likely to occur. 第四部分 书面表达 (共2小题，满分40分) 第一节 应用文(满分15分) 46. 假设你是李华，听闻《中国日报》（China Daily）为了宣传中国传统文化，正在招募志愿者向海外介绍中国著名历史文化景点，你很想参加本次宣传活动，请你就此事给报社写一封英文申请信，内容包括： 1.写信目； 2.自荐理由； 3.申请参与。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Sir/Madam, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 第二节 读后续写 (满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I was invited to a cookout on an old friend’s farm in western Washington. I parked my car outside the farm and walked past a milking house which had apparently not been used in many years. A noise at a window caught my attention, so I entered it. It was a hummingbird (蜂鸟), desperately trying to escape. She was covered in spider-webs (蛛网) and was barely able to move her wings. She ceased her struggle the instant I picked her up. With the bird in my cupped hand, I looked around to see how she had gotten in. The broken window glass was the likely answer. I stuffed a piece of cloth into the hole and took her outside, closing the door securely behind me. When I opened my hand, the bird did not fly away; she sat looking at me with her bright eyes. I removed the sticky spider-webs that covered her head and wings. Still, she made no attempt to fly. Perhaps she had been struggling against the window too long and was too tired? Or too thirsty? As I carried her up the blackberry-lined path toward my car where I kept a water bottle, she began to move. I stopped, and she soon took wing but did not immediately fly away. Hovering (悬停), she approached within six inches of my face. For a very long moment, this tiny creature looked into my eyes, turning her head from side to side. Then she flew quickly out of sight. During the cookout, I told my hosts about the hummingbird incident. They promised to fix the window. As I was departing, my friends walked me to my car. I was standing by the car when a hummingbird flew to the center of our group and began hovering. She turned from person to person until she came to me. She again looked directly into my eyes, then let out a squeaking call and was gone. For a moment, all were speechless. Then someone said, “She must have come to say goodbye.” 注意： 1. 续写词数应为 150 左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 A few weeks later, I went to the farm again. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I was just about to leave when the hummingbird appeared. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 常州市第一中学2023-2024学年第二学期六月阶段质量调研 高二年级英语试卷 本试卷满分150分 考试时间120分钟 第二部分 阅读 (共两节，满分50分) 第一节 (共15小题: 每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Buccleuch Place/ Buccleuch Place Lane Overview Buccleuch Place/Buccleuch Place Lane, 1-6&; 7-13, Buccleuch Place, Edinburgh, EH89LW Buccleuch Place provides a mix of standard study bedrooms within flats, each with shared kitchen/living spaces and bathroom facilities. Standard single en-suite room Standard room with en-suite bathroom £ 10, 377 per year BATHROOM: En-suite CATERING: Self-catered property BILLS: All utility（bills included- there is an average allowance of electricity but overuse can result in additional charges. Twin room Twin room with shared bathroom facilities £ 5, 215 per year BATHROOM: Shared CATERING: Self-catered property BILLS: All utility bills included -there is an average allowance of electricity but overuse can result in additional charges. Standard single room Standard single room with shared bathroom facilities £ 8, 651 per year BATHROOM: Shared CATERING: Self-catered property BILLS: All utility bills included -there is an average allowance of electricity but overuse can result in additional charges. Cleaning and housekeeping • Staff on site will regularly clean the laundry, common room, common room toilets, stairs and lifts. • Staff will visit your flat weekly and assist you in keeping common areas clean (kitchens, any shared bathrooms and hallways). However, residents should also clean between visits. • Residents should clear rubbish and remove al recycling to the designated areas: you are also responsible for keeping your own bedrooms and en-suite bathrooms clean • Please note that al our accommodation is non-smoking, this includes e-cigarettes. 1. Which of the following might be true about a standard single en-suite room? A. It is the cheapest choice. B. It provides a private bathroom. C. Food is included in the bill. D. Residents do not need to pay any bills. 2. A resident in the Buccleuch Place ________. A. can have e-cigarettes in his room. B. only needs to clean his own bedroom. C has staff visits on a daily basis. D. should remove recycling to specific areas. 3. Which of the following section could this passage be possibly found? A. Accommodation. B. Jobs. C. Finance. D. Courses. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要描述了位于 Buccleuch Place的住宿选择，包括不同类型的房间、价格、设施和清洁服务等内容。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据Standard single en-suite room部分中“Standard room with en-suite bathroom £ 10, 377 per year(带浴室的标准间每年10377英镑)”可知，标准单人套间，提供一个私人浴室。故选B。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“• Residents should clear rubbish and remove all recycling to the designated areas: you are also responsible for keeping your own bedrooms and en-suite bathrooms clean.(•居民应清理垃圾，并将所有可回收物品移至指定区域；你还应负责保持自己的卧室和浴室清洁)”可知，住在布克勒奇广场的居民应该把可回收物移到特定的区域。故选D。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Buccleuch Place provides a mix of standard study bedrooms within flats, each with shared kitchen/living spaces and bathroom facilities.(Buccleuch Place在公寓内提供了标准的学习卧室，每个卧室都有共享的厨房/起居空间和浴室设施)”以及文章主要描述了位于 Buccleuch Place的住宿选择，包括不同类型的房间、价格、设施和清洁服务等内容可推知，文章选自“住宿”部分。故选A。 B “It’s not unusual for guests to feel emotional when they discover the story behind our food,” says Patrick Navis. “Not to mention when they taste it. One even cried with happiness.” The setting for these tearful scenes? Navis’s restaurant in a Dutch city. Here, the owner and his team create experimental food using herbs, roots, flowers and nuts — some common, others less so. Most of these ingredients (食材) come from the Ketelbroek Food Forest nearby. To the untrained eye, it’s like an ordinary wood. But there’s one key difference: everything in it is edible. It was set up in 2009 by Dutch botanist and environmentalist Noah Eck as an experiment in slow farming, to see what would happen if the right combination of food plants were left to grow together like a natural forest, without chemicals. “It’s the first ‘food forest’ of its kind in Europe and we’re one of the few restaurants around the world cooperating in this way,”says Navis.“We have over 400 different species of edible plants we plan our menus around, including some we previously knew little about.” He harvests the ingredients and, with his fellow chefs, works them into beautifully presented tasting menus, served in a dining room hidden in the backstreets of the city, “To us, fine dining is not about the fame of a restaurant, its location, expensive decoration, fancy cooking and wine list,”says Navis.“It’s about adding value through creativity and using ingredients nobody knows of, which are grown with great attention.” However, he adds, luxury cooking can be about enhancing everyday ingredients, too. “When looking at cooking in this way, who can argue that caviar (鱼子酱), for example, is more valuable than a carrot grown with specialist knowledge?” Experimentation is extremely important to Navis. In the next five years, he hopes to open an outdoor restaurant. But for now, the most important thing is to continue focusing on how plants are being grown and the perennial system used in the Food Forest, reducing the need for replanting each season. 4. What can we learn about Navis’s restaurant? A. It is well received by its guests. B. It serves food with moving stories. C. It offers experimental food for free. D. It is known for its rare food sources. 5. How is Ketelbrock Food Forest different from ordinary woods? A. It is a natural forest. B. Diverse plants coexist in it. C. Plants there take longer to grow. D. It provides safe food ingredients. 6. What is the key element of fine dining according to Navis? A. Convenient locations. B. Expensive ingredients. C. Innovative menus. D. Fancy cooking techniques. 7. What does “the perennial system” in the last paragraph probably refer to? A. The sustainable farming practice. B. Farming with proper use of chemicals. C. Natural farming without human intervention. D. An experimental farm for an outdoor restaurant. 【答案】4. A 5. D 6. C 7. A 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了Patrick Navis运用Ketelbroek食品森林中的食材来烹饪食物，提供创新性菜单，在客人中受到欢迎的事迹。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段““It’s not unusual for guests to feel emotional when they discover the story behind our food,” says Patrick Navis. “Not to mention when they taste it. One even cried with happiness.” The setting for these tearful scenes?(帕特里克·纳维斯说:“当客人们发现我们的食物背后的故事时，感到激动是很正常的。更不用说他们品尝的时候了。有一个人甚至高兴得哭了。”这些泪流满面的场景是在哪里)”可推知，Navis的餐馆受到客人的欢迎。故选A。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Most of these ingredients(食材) come from the Ketelbroek Food Forest nearby. To the untrained eye, it’s like an ordinary wood. But there’s one key difference: everything in it is edible.(这些食材大多来自附近的Ketelbroek食品森林。对于没有受过训练的人来说，它就像一块普通的木头。但有一个关键的区别：里面的所有东西都可以吃)”可知，Ketelbrock食品森林与普通森林不同之处在于，该森林提供安全的食材。故选D。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段““To us, fine dining is not about the fame of a restaurant, its location, expensive decoration, fancy cooking and wine list,”says Navis.“It’s about adding value through creativity and using ingredients nobody knows of, which are grown with great attention.”(纳维斯说:“对我们来说，好餐厅不在于餐厅的名气、位置、昂贵的装修、高档的烹饪和酒单。它是通过创造性和使用无人知晓的成分来增加价值，这些成分都是经过精心培育的。”)”可知，对于Navis来说，优质餐饮的关键在于创新的菜单。故选C。 【7题详解】 词义猜测题。根据划线词前文“the most important thing is to continue focusing on how plants are being grown(最重要的是继续关注植物是如何生长的)”及后文“reducing the need for replanting each season(减少了每个季节重新种植的需要)”可知，Navis认为重要的是可以创造可持续农业，这样就不用每个季节重新种植，划线词与A选项“可持续农业实践”意思一致。故选A。 C Some people today might be early risers because of DNA they take after Neanderthals tens of thousands of years ago, suggests new research. When early humans migrated from Africa to Eurasia roughly 70,000 years ago, some of them mated with Neanderthals, who had already adapted to the colder, darker climates of the north. The ripple (涟漪) effects of that intermating still exist today: Modern humans of non-African ancestry (血统) have between 1 and 4 percent Neanderthal DNA. Some of that DNA relates to sleep more specifically, the internal body clock known as the circadian rhythm. For the new study, researchers compared DNA from today’s humans and DNA from Neanderthal fossils (化石). In both groups, they found some of the same genetic variants involved with the circadian rhythm. And they found that modern humans who carry these variants also reported being early risers. For Neanderthals, being “morning people” might not have been the real benefit of carrying these genes. Instead, scientists suggest, Neanderthals’ DNA gave them faster, more flexible internal body clocks, which allowed them to adjust more easily to annual changes in daylight. This connection makes sense in the context of human history. When early humans moved north out of Africa, they would have experienced variable daylight hours — shorter days in the winter and longer days in the summer for the first time. The Neanderthals’ circadian rhythm genes likely helped early humans’ offspring (后代) adapt to this new environment. Notably, the findings do not prove that Neanderthal genes are responsible for the sleep habits of all early risers. Lots of different factors beyond genetics can contribute, including social and environmental influences. The study also only included DNA from a database called the U.K. Biobank—so the findings may not necessarily apply to all modern humans. Next, the research team hopes to study other genetic databases to see if the same link holds true for people of other ancestries. If the findings do apply more broadly, they may one day be useful for improving sleep in the modern world, where circadian rhythms are disturbed by night shifts and glowing smartphones. 8. What does the new research focus on? A. DNA’s dramatic changes. B. Genes’ influence on early risers. C. Neanderthals’ sleeping patterns. D. Ancestors’ environmental adaptability. 9. What is paragraph 2 intended to show concerning the new research? A. Historical context. B. Additional proof. C. Sample analysis. D. Studying process. 10. What is the real benefit of carrying Neanderthal’s DNA for modern humans? A. Getting up earlier. B. Having healthier daily routines. C. Being more flexible in their work. D. Possessing a better circadian rhythm. 11. What can be inferred about the findings from the last paragraph? A. They get proof from other studies. B. They are confirmed by early risers. C. They suggest potential applications. D. They reveal factors in sleeping disorders. 【答案】8. B 9. A 10. D 11. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是一项新的研究表明，今天有些人之所以早起，可能是因为他们遗传了数万年前Neanderthal人的DNA。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Some people today might be early risers because of DNA they take after Neanderthals tens of thousands of years ago, suggests new research.(一项新的研究表明，今天有些人之所以早起，可能是因为他们遗传了数万年前Neanderthal人的DNA。)”可知，这项新研究的重点是基因对早起者的影响。故选B。 【9题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“When early humans migrated from Africa to Eurasia roughly 70,000 years ago, some of them mated with Neanderthals, who had already adapted to the colder, darker climates of the north. The ripple (涟漪) effects of that intermating still exist today: Modern humans of non- African ancestry (血统) have between 1 and 4 percent Neanderthal DNA.(大约7万年前，当早期人类从非洲迁移到欧亚大陆时，他们中的一些人与Neanderthal交配，后者已经适应了北方更寒冷、更黑暗的气候。这种通婚的连锁反应至今仍然存在：非洲血统的现代人类有1%到4%的Neanderthal人DNA。)”可知，第二段要说明的是这项研究的历史背景，故选A。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Instead, scientists suggest, Neanderthals’ DNA gave them faster, more flexible internal body clocks, which allowed them to adjust more easily to annual changes in daylight.(相反，科学家们认为，Neanderthal人的DNA赋予了他们更快、更灵活的内部生物钟，这使他们更容易适应每年的日光变化。)”可知，携带Neanderthal人DNA对现代人的真正好处是拥有更好的昼夜节律。故选D。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“If the findings do apply more broadly, they may one day be useful for improving sleep in the modern world, where circadian rhythms are disturbed by night shifts and glowing smartphones.(如果这些发现确实适用于更广泛的领域，它们可能有一天会对改善现代社会的睡眠有用，因为昼夜节律受到夜班和发光的智能手机的干扰。)”可知，这些发现暗示了潜在的应用。故选C。 D “Palace, Mountain, Moon?” has been selected by NASA as the Astronomical Picture of the Day for December 25, 2023. The photo was taken by Valerio, a young photographer of Turin, Italy. It was shot on the evening of December 15, 2023. While he knew about NASA’s competition, he hadn’t considered participating until receiving much encouragement from his social media followers. Soon after, he received the message, “Your image has been chosen as the astronomical photo of the day.” It was incredible! In a photo like this, nothing is left to luck. The concept came to him back in 2017. Walking on the hills north of Turin, he found several spots perfect for including both the Basilica of Superga Palace and Mountain Monviso. After numerous visits over several months, he identified four spots where Superga and Monviso line up just right. After pinpointing these locations, he experimented with shooting them at different times. “I knew I needed something special to perfect the photo. The Sun was a no-go, so I turned to the Moon. Its various phases and position s reach an azimuth angle (方位角) of 230 degrees,” Valerio said. With this in mind, he researched the Moon’s phases, marked potential dates on the calendar, and planned the exact moments when the moon could join the queue. It was very successful, especially because the Moon was in a waxing phase. This meant that in the photo, not only was its crescent (新月) lit up, but so was the left part, its shadowed side. That part is lit by reflected light, also known as Da Vinci’s glow, named after him because he was the one who theorized about why the Moon’s shadowed side is brightened. During the early days of the waxing Moon phases, the shadowed part is visible because the Sun’s light reflects off the Earth and hits the Moon’s shadowed side, giving it a greyish, silvery color. This allowed the light to outline Monviso on the left as well. 12. Why did Valerio send the photo to NASA? A. He took an interest in astronomical advances. B. He expected to create an impact on social media. C. He received broad support from enthusiastic fans. D. He wished to make his hometown a tourist hot spot. 13. In Valerio’s photo, the three objects ______. A. shine light on each other B. stand in a straight line C. fit each other in size D. vary from usual in color 14. What did Valerio do to prepare for the perfect photo? A. Studying how the Moon phase changes. B. Calculating the Superga-Monviso distance. C. Analyzing when to adjust the camera angle. D. Measuring the height of the observation point. 15. What was lit up by the Da Vinci’s glow? A. The outline of the crescent. B. The outline of Superga. C. The dark side of the Moon. D. The shadowed side of the Earth. 【答案】12. C 13. B 14. A 15. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。年轻摄影师瓦莱里奥拍摄的天文照片被美国宇航局选中，文章介绍了他的拍摄经过。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“While he knew about NASA’s competition, he hadn’t considered participating until receiving much encouragement from his social media followers.(虽然他知道美国宇航局的比赛，但直到收到社交媒体粉丝的大力鼓励，他才考虑参加比赛)”可知，瓦莱里奥把照片发给美国宇航局是为了得到了热情粉丝的广泛支持。故选C。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Its various phases and position s reach an azimuth angle (方位角) of 230 degrees(它的不同相位和位置的方位角达到230度)”以及“With this in mind, he researched the Moon’s phases, marked potential dates on the calendar, and planned the exact moments when the moon could join the queue.(考虑到这一点，他研究了月亮的相位，在日历上标记了可能的日期，并计划了月亮可能加入队列的确切时刻)”可知，在瓦莱里奥的照片中，这三个物体位于一条直线上。故选B。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“With this in mind, he researched the Moon’s phases, marked potential dates on the calendar, and planned the exact moments when the moon could join the queue.(考虑到这一点，他研究了月亮的相位，在日历上标记了可能的日期，并计划了月亮可能加入队列的确切时刻)”可知，为了拍出一张完美的照片，瓦莱里奥研究月相的变化。故选A。 【15题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“That part is lit by reflected light, also known as Da Vinci’s glow, named after him because he was the one who theorized about why the Moon’s shadowed side is brightened.(这部分是由反射光照亮的，也被称为达·芬奇的光芒，以他的名字命名，因为他提出了月球的阴暗面为什么会变亮的理论)”可知，达芬奇的光芒照亮了月球的阴暗面。故选C。 第二节 (共5小题: 每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 It was dinner time, yet I hadn’t finished my work for the day. Cheery people who were enjoying their holiday time buzzed around me. But with my head down and headphones in, I had interacted with very few of them. The day passed more like a fast-forwarded video than something that I actually fully experienced. ___16___ This was my first week living the digital nomad lifestyle. I had left my corporate role and found freelance (自由职业的) writing work online to afford me the freedom to travel. ___17___ With enthusiasm, I expected my attitude would also change. Instead, the first surprising realization of my travel journey had hit: despite changing my formal suits to casuals, I was the exact same person I had been at home. I had prepared excitedly, surfing online about digital nomadism. ___18___While you might expect finances to be the biggest killer of this lifestyle, unrealistic expectations are the death blow that I hear about most often. After six years abroad, realism is now the primary message I share. ___19___ Instead of an office room, you’ll work from a balcony overlooking the Mediterranean or a sunny rooftop in the heart of Marrakesh. Instead of waiting at the coffee machine next to complaining colleagues, your daily coffee run will lead you down dusty cobblestone streets into tiny cafes. These dreams exist and are waiting for you once you clear customs. But that’s not all that’s waiting for new digital nomads. ___20___ At-home life and life on the road can at times feel shockingly similar, or, if bad work habits take over, even worse. It’s an important expectation to understand before you set out on your digital nomad lifestyle: your surroundings will change, but you take you everywhere that you go. No matter how ultra-light you pack. A. And my surroundings looked different. B. But this wasn’t at a tiring nine-to-five office job. C. This was a typical day back in my office I managed to escape. D. New surroundings may also make you fully engaged in your work. E. Should you choose to become a digital nomad, your environment will change. F. You’ll still wake up with emails in your inbox and to-dos begging to be handled. G. Yet somehow I unknowingly over-consumed expectation and under-consumed realism. 【答案】16. B 17. A 18. G 19. E 20. F 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。这篇文章讲述了作者作为一名数字游民的生活经历。作者原本以为改变工作环境和生活方式会让自己焕然一新，但很快意识到，尽管外在环境变了，自己还是那个自己，工作习惯和态度并没有因为环境的改变而改变。 【16题详解】 根据前文“It was dinner time, yet I hadn’t finished my work for the day. Cheery people who were enjoying their holiday time buzzed around me. But with my head down and headphones in, I had interacted with very few of them. The day passed more like a fast-forwarded video than something that I actually fully experienced.(吃晚饭的时间到了，但我还没有完成一天的工作。愉快地享受假日时光的人们在我周围嘁嘁喳喳地叫着。但是当我低着头戴着耳机的时候，我几乎没有和他们交流过。这一天过得更像是一段快进的视频，而不是我真正经历过的事情。)”以及第二段首句“This was my first week living the digital nomad lifestyle. (这是我过数字游牧生活的第一周。)”可知，此处描述的是作者过数字游民一周的生活情况。B选项“But this wasn’t at a tiring nine-to-five office job.( 但这并不是在朝九晚五的办公室工作。)”中的this指代的是作者经历的一周数字游民生活，与朝九晚五的生活是不同的，该选项符合语境。故选B。 【17题详解】 根据前文“I had left my corporate role and found freelance (自由职业的) writing work online to afford me the freedom to travel. (我离开了公司，在网上找到了一份自由撰稿人的工作，这样我就可以自由地旅行了。)”以及后文“With enthusiasm, I expected my attitude would also change.(怀着热情，我期待着自己的态度也会改变。)”可知，自从作者离开了公司成为自由撰稿人之后，其周围的环境发生了变化，同时期待着自己的态度也发生了变化，此处的also与设空处发生的变化形成并列。A选项“And my surroundings looked different.( 我周围的环境看起来不一样了。)”指出作者成为自由撰稿人之后，周围环境发生了变化，与后文形成呼应，符合语境。故选A。 【18题详解】 根据前文“I had prepared excitedly, surfing online about digital nomadism(我兴奋地已经准备着在网上浏览有关数字游牧的信息。)”以及根据后文“While you might expect finances to be the biggest killer of this lifestyle, unrealistic expectations are the death blow that I hear about most often. (尽管你可能会认为财务问题是这种生活方式的最大的难题，但不切实际的期望通常是我听到的最常见的致命一击。在国外生活六年后，现实主义现在是我分享的主要信息。)”可知，作者兴奋的已经做好了过数字游民的准备，可是实际生活中不切实际的期望打败了作者，作者没有对现实生活有着充分的准备和认知。G选项“Yet somehow I unknowingly over-consumed expectation and under-consumed realism.(然而，不知何故，我无意中过度消费了期望，而对现实主义的消费却不足。)”与前文构成转折关系，指出虽然作者做好了准备，可是作者却对现实中的消费准备不足，因此作者最终被不切实际的期望打败了。该选项符合语境，承接前后文。故选G。 【19题详解】 根据后文“Instead of an office room, you’ll work from a balcony overlooking the Mediterranean or a sunny rooftop in the heart of Marrakesh. Instead of waiting at the coffee machine next to complaining colleagues, your daily coffee run will lead you down dusty cobblestone streets into tiny cafes. (你可以在俯瞰地中海的阳台或马拉喀什中心阳光明媚的屋顶上工作，而不是在办公室里工作。你不用在咖啡机旁等待，旁边是抱怨的同事，你每天的咖啡之行将带你沿着尘土飞扬的鹅卵石街道走进小咖啡馆。)”可知，此处描述的是成为数字游民后的环境所发生的具体的改变。E选项“Should you choose to become a digital nomad, your environment will change.(如果你选择成为一个数字游民，你的环境将会改变。)”引起下文，指出如果选择成为数字游民环境将会发生改变。故选E。 【20题详解】 根据前文“But that’s not all that’s waiting for new digital nomads.(但这并不是新数字游民所期待的全部。)”可知，成为新数字游民除了工作环境和生活方式会发生变化之外，这并不是新数字游民所期待的全部，后文应该指出还有其他的内容。F选项“You’ll still wake up with emails in your inbox and to-dos begging to be handled.(你醒来时仍然会发现收件箱里有邮件，待办事项等着你去处理。)”可知，成为新数字游民除了工作环境和生活方式会发生变化之外，收件箱里依旧还有邮件和待办事项等着你去处理，这些也是新数字游民生活所应期待的一部分，该选项符合语境。故选F。 第三部分 语言知识运用 (共两节，满分30分) 第一节 (共15小题; 每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 My mother has always been one of those rare people that sees the good in everyone and does good things. She’s had her ups and downs but has always___21___a positive, sunny outlook on life and been very___22___to people. One day, my little sister fell and hurt her ankle, desperately needing a___23___to the hospital emergency room. My mother immediately___24___into crisis mode, packed my sister into the car, and drove to our local hospital. In such a___25___, my mother didn’t call to tell my father. When she got to the hospital, she realized she needed to___26___with my father immediately. While waiting for my sister to be examined, my mother___27___her way to the pay phone to place her call. She put her coin in, called my father and told him everything. After she hung up, the phone___28___several additional coins that Mom wasn’t owed. Realizing that the phone was___29___, my mother decided to leave the____30____coins by the phone. She told us that in a crisis, people might not remember to bring____31____with them to make that emergency call. I’ve often thought about her____32____from an adult’s perspective. I realize that someone seeing the money by he phone may have____33____taken it because not everyone was as____34____as my mother. But I like to believe that my mother’s faith was ____35____and that someone who needed them found the coins waiting there. 21. A. tolerated B. anticipated C. maintained D. expressed 22. A. patient B. helpful C. honest D. polite 23. A. rest B. stay C. lift D. visit 24. A. cut B. shifted C. looked D. stuck 25. A. rush B. way C. relief D. process 26. A. come along B. keep in line C. make up D. get in touch 27. A. made B. felt C. picked D. gave 28. A. found B. returned C. collected D. charged 29. A. smart B. ready C. convenient D. broken 30. A. different B. ancient C. extra D. rare 31. A. luck B. phones C. change D. chances 32. A. opportunity B. decision C. appointment D. encounter 33. A. simply B. suddenly C. obviously D. gradually 34. A. thoughtful B. grateful C. hopeful D. successful 35. A. hard-won B. newly-built C. well-placed D. deeply-rooted 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. D 24. B 25. A 26. D 27. A 28. B 29. D 30. C 31. C 32. B 33. A 34. A 35. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的妹妹的受伤以后被送往医院，当妈妈在使用公用电话的时候，选择把零钱留给其他需要帮助的人。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她经历了起起伏伏，但一直保持着积极、阳光的人生观，对别人也很有帮助。A. tolerated忍受；B. anticipated预期；C. maintained维护；D. expressed表达。根据后文“a positive, sunny outlook on life”可知，指保持着积极、阳光的人生观，故选C。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她经历了起起伏伏，但一直保持着积极、阳光的人生观，对别人也很有帮助。A. patient有耐心的；B. helpful帮助的；C. honest诚实的；D. polite礼貌的。根据上文“a positive, sunny outlook on life and been very”以及后文妈妈把零钱留给有需要的人，可知，此处指积极的人生观对别人有帮助。故选B。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天，我的小妹妹摔倒了，伤了脚踝，急需去医院急诊室就诊。A. rest休息；B. stay停留；C. lift免费搭车；D. visit就诊。根据后文“to the hospital emergency room”可知，指妹妹弄伤了脚踝，急需去医院急诊室看看。a visit to the hospital emergency room此处理解为“去医院急诊室就诊”。故选D。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我母亲立即进入危机模式，把我妹妹塞进车里，开车去了我们当地的医院。A. cut切割；B. shifted转换，变换；C. looked看；D. stuck粘贴。根据后文“into crisis mode”指作者的母亲立即转换（shifted）到了危机模式，故选B。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这样的匆忙中，我母亲没有打电话告诉我父亲。A. rush冲，匆忙；B. way方法；C. relief安慰；D. process流程。根据上文“One day, my little sister fell and hurt her ankle, desperately needing a…to the hospital emergency room.”可知，妹妹受伤事发突然，所以是在这样的匆忙中，我母亲没有打电话告诉我父亲。故选A。 【26题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：当她到达医院时，她意识到她需要立即与我父亲取得联系。A. come along取得进展；B. keep in line保持纪律；C. make up组成；D. get in touch取得联系。根据后文“with my father immediately”可知，指母亲需要立即与父亲取得联系。get in touch with sb.“和……取得联系”符合语境。故选D。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在等我妹妹检查的时候，我妈妈走到公用电话前打了个电话。A. made赶往；B. felt感觉；C. picked捡起；D. gave给予。根据后文“her way to the pay phone to place her call”可知，指妈妈走到公用电话前打了个电话。短语make one’s way to表示“赶往”。故选A。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她挂断电话后，电话又退回了几枚没有用完的硬币。A. found找到；B. returned返回，退回；C. collected收集；D. charged充电。根据后文“several additional coins that Mom wasn’t owed”可知，指电话又退回了几枚没有用完的硬币。故选B。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：意识到电话中断了，我妈妈决定把多余的硬币留在电话旁边。A. smart聪明的；B. ready准备好的；C. convenient方便的；D. broken破碎的，中断的。根据上文“After she hung up”可知，指电话中断了，故选D。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：意识到电话中断了，我妈妈决定把多余的硬币留在电话旁边。A. different不同的；B. ancient古老的；C. extra额外的；D. rare少见的。呼应上文“several additional coins”可知，此处指多余的硬币。故选C。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她告诉我们，在危机中，人们可能不记得随身携带零钱来拨打紧急电话。A. luck运气；B. phones电话；C. change零钱；D. chances机会。根据上文“several additional coins”可知，此处指随身携带零钱拨打紧急电话。故选C。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我经常从一个成年人的角度来思考她的决定。A. opportunity机会；B. decision决定；C. appointment约会；D. encounter遇见。此处指上文“my mother decided to leave the”妈妈决定把多余的硬币留在电话旁边这个决定，故选B。 【33题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我意识到有人看到电话里的钱可能只是拿走了，因为不是每个人都像我母亲那样体贴。A. simply仅仅；B. suddenly突然；C. obviously显然；D. gradually逐渐地。根据后文“because not everyone was as ___14___ as my mother.”可知，不是每个人都像作者的母亲那样体贴，即有人看到电话里的钱可能只是拿走了，simply符合语境。故选A。 【34题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我意识到有人看到电话里的钱可能只是拿走了，因为不是每个人都像我母亲那样体贴。A. thoughtful体贴的；B. grateful感激的；C. hopeful有希望的；D. successful成功的。结合上文可知妈妈把多余的零钱留给有需要的人，说明妈妈很体贴，故选A。 【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我愿意相信，我母亲的信仰是正确的，需要它们的人在那里发现了硬币。A. hard-won来之不易的；B. newly-built新建的；C. well-placed置于适当地点的；D. deeply-rooted根深蒂固的。根据后文“that someone who needed them found the coins waiting there”可知，妈妈的信仰是正确的，即我母亲的信仰是置于适当地点的，她相信有人需要它们时，会发现硬币在那里等着。故选C。 第二节 语法填空(共10小题:每小题1.5分，满分15分) 语法填空 Walking and Using a Phone is Bad for Your Health Spend time on any crowded sidewalk and you’ll see heads bent over and eyes cast downward. One recent study of college students found that a quarter of people crossing intersections ____36____ (absorb) in a device. That screen in your hand isn’t just distracting your attention. It also changes your mood, your manner of walking and etc. — and affects your ability to get from point A to point B ____37____ running into trouble. When you walk and use a phone at the same time, you automatically adjust ____38____ you move. Video footage of walkers has shown that people on phones walk about 10 percent slower than those undistracted ones. These changes can block traffic on the sidewalk. And ____39____ walking makes up a big portion of your daily physical activity, walking more slowly may have impacts for your fitness. Looking down at a smartphone while walking can also increase the amount of force ____40____ (place) on the neck and upper back muscles, which could reduce balance and increase the risk of falls. It’s now widely accepted that walking in natural spaces is good for your mental health. It appears that ____41____ (get) these benefits, it’s important that your attention is on the environment, rather than on your phone. Most of us understand that walking and using a phone can be risky. Some cities, like Honolulu, ____42____ (pass) laws to control distracted walkers. But research on those dangers has turned up some surprises. One study has looked at the connection between “phone-related distracted walking” and emergency department visits. Using government data ____43____ (extend) over the years 2011 to 2019, the researchers turned up nearly 30,000 walking injuries occasioned by phones. If you’re distracted by a phone, you’re definitely putting ____44____ at some risk. So how do you stay safe? If you do walk and use your device at the same time, stop when you’re around stairs, crosswalks and messy or uneven ground, ______45______ accidents are more likely to occur. 【答案】36. were absorbed 37. without 38. how 39. since##as 40. placed 41. to get 42. have passed 43. extending 44. yourself 45. where 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了走路时使用手机对健康的负面影响。研究发现，边走边玩手机会降低步行速度，影响交通流畅，并可能对身体健康造成损害，如增加颈部压力和跌倒风险。此外，手机使用还会分散人们对自然环境的注意力，减少散步对心理健康的益处。研究还表明，与手机相关的步行伤害导致大量急诊室就诊。 【36题详解】 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：最近一项针对大学生的研究发现，四分之一的人在过十字路口时会全神贯注地玩手机。空处作that引导的宾语从句的谓语，结合“found”可知，此处在叙述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时，固定短语be absorbed in意为“全神贯注于……”，应用被动语态，且主语a quarter of people是复数名词，be动词应用were。故填were absorbed。 【37题详解】 考查介词。句意：它还会改变你的情绪，你走路的方式等等，并影响你从A点到B点而不遇到麻烦的能力。句中主语It指代前一句中的That screen in your hand，结合“affects your ability to get from point A to point B”和“running into trouble”可推知，此处指“影响你从A点到B点而不遇到麻烦的能力”，空处应用意为“没有，不带”的介词without。故填without。 【38题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：当你一边走路一边使用手机时，你会自动调整你的移动方式。空处引导名词性从句作adjust的宾语，结合“you move”可知，从句中缺少方式状语，空处需表达“怎样”，应用连接副词how作引导词。故填how。 【39题详解】 考查原因状语从句。句意：由于步行在你的日常体育活动中占很大一部分，所以走得慢一点可能会对你的健康产生影响。本句中逗号前后为完整的句子，逗号前的句子表示原因，逗号后的句子表示结果，且此处是显然的或已为人所知的理由，因此用意为“由于”的从属连词since或as引导原因状语从句。故填since/as。 【40题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：走路时低头看智能手机也会增加施加在脖子和上背部肌肉上的力量，这会降低平衡能力，增加跌倒的风险。句子已有谓语，空处是非谓语动词，place“放置”和force逻辑上是被动关系，应用place的过去分词形式，作force的后置定语。故填placed。 【41题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：看来，为了获得这些好处，你的注意力应该放在环境上，而不是手机上。句子主干成分完整，空处作句子的目的状语，表示“为了……”，应用get的不定式形式。故填to get。 【42题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：一些城市，如檀香山，已经通过了法律来控制分心的行人。空处作句子的谓语，结合上下文可知，此处表示过去发生的动作对现在产生影响，时态应用现在完成时，且主语Some cities为复数，助动词用have。故填have passed。 【43题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员利用2011年至2019年的政府数据，发现了近3万起由手机引起的步行损伤。句子已有谓语，空处是非谓语动词，extend“持续”和data逻辑上是主动关系，应用extend的现在分词形式，作data的后置定语。故填extending。 【44题详解】 考查代词。句意：如果你被手机分散了注意力，你肯定会把自己置于危险之中。此处putting这一动作的实施者和承受者为同一人，空处应用you的反身代词形式yourself，意为“你自己”。故填yourself。 【45题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：如果你确实在走路的同时使用手机，当你在楼梯、人行横道和凌乱或不平的地面附近时，请停下来，这些地方更容易发生事故。空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词stairs, crosswalks and messy or uneven ground作补充说明，先行词在从句中表示行为发生的地点，作地点状语，应用关系副词where作引导词。故填where。 第四部分 书面表达 (共2小题，满分40分) 第一节 应用文(满分15分) 46. 假设你是李华，听闻《中国日报》（China Daily）为了宣传中国传统文化，正在招募志愿者向海外介绍中国著名历史文化景点，你很想参加本次宣传活动，请你就此事给报社写一封英文申请信，内容包括： 1.写信目的； 2.自荐理由； 3.申请参与。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Sir/Madam _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Sir/Madam, I’m so excited to hear that China Daily is in need of some volunteers to introduce Chinese culture overseas that I can’t wait to apply for the position. As a citizen, it’s my responsibility to make Chinese historical and cultural attractions known to the whole world. In addition, with an outgoing and open-minded personality, it’s easy for me to get along well with others. Last but not least, I have been to numerous famous scenic spots and my hometown is a famous historical and cultural city, where I often act as a volunteer tour guide to show foreign tourists around, from which I’ve gained relevant experience. So, I firmly believe that I’m the very person you’re looking for. I would appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration and reply at your earliest convenience. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封申请信，申请成为《中国日报》宣传活动的志愿者，内容包括：写信目的；自荐理由；申请参与。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 兴奋的：excited→thrilled 责任：responsibility→duty 与……和睦相处：get along well with→get on well with/be on good terms with 考虑：take…into consideration→take…into account 2. 句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：In addition, with an outgoing and open-minded personality, it’s easy for me to get along well with others. 拓展句：In addition, with an outgoing and open-minded personality, it’s easy that I can get along well with others. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m so excited to hear that China Daily is in need of some volunteers to introduce Chinese culture overseas that I can’t wait to apply for the position.(使用了so…that…引导结果状语从句，不定式分别作原因状语、目的状语、宾语) 【高分句型2】Last but not least, I have been to numerous famous scenic spots and my hometown is a famous historical and cultural city, where I often act as a volunteer tour guide to show foreign tourists around, from which I’ve gained relevant experience. (使用了第一个and连接并列句、where引导非限制性定语从句、不定式作目的状语、from which引导非限制性定语从句) 第二节 读后续写 (满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整短文。 I was invited to a cookout on an old friend’s farm in western Washington. I parked my car outside the farm and walked past a milking house which had apparently not been used in many years. A noise at a window caught my attention, so I entered it. It was a hummingbird (蜂鸟), desperately trying to escape. She was covered in spider-webs (蛛网) and was barely able to move her wings. She ceased her struggle the instant I picked her up. With the bird in my cupped hand, I looked around to see how she had gotten in. The broken window glass was the likely answer. I stuffed a piece of cloth into the hole and took her outside, closing the door securely behind me. When I opened my hand, the bird did not fly away; she sat looking at me with her bright eyes. I removed the sticky spider-webs that covered her head and wings. Still, she made no attempt to fly. Perhaps she had been struggling against the window too long and was too tired? Or too thirsty? As I carried her up the blackberry-lined path toward my car where I kept a water bottle, she began to move. I stopped, and she soon took wing but did not immediately fly away. Hovering (悬停), she approached within six inches of my face. For a very long moment, this tiny creature looked into my eyes, turning her head from side to side. Then she flew quickly out of sight. During the cookout, I told my hosts about the hummingbird incident. They promised to fix the window. As I was departing, my friends walked me to my car. I was standing by the car when a hummingbird flew to the center of our group and began hovering. She turned from person to person until she came to me. She again looked directly into my eyes, then let out a squeaking call and was gone. For a moment, all were speechless. Then someone said, “She must have come to say goodbye.” 注意： 1. 续写词数应为 150 左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 A few weeks later, I went to the farm again. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I was just about to leave when the hummingbird appeared. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 A few weeks later, I went to the farm again. As my car neared it my thoughts drifted back to the moment when I rescued the hummingbird from the spider’s web. I rushed back to the deserted house. It was a great comfort that the original hole in the window was nowhere to be found. Leaving the house, I couldn’t help wondering how it was getting on now. Had it managed to find its way back home, or was it still out there somewhere struggling to survive? I was just about to leave when the hummingbird appeared. A flash of movement caught my attention. I turned around to see the same hummingbird hovering in the air. It seemed that the bird was waiting for me, its beady eyes locked on mine as if trying to convey some deep, unspoken gratitude. I felt a surge of relief and awe at the sight of this sound and grateful creature, and I knew that I would always cherish the memories we shared as I climbed into my car and drove away. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者被邀请去一个农场野餐，发现一个房子里有只蜂鸟被蜘蛛网困住了，作者把蜂鸟救了，把蜂鸟带出去的时候它迟迟不肯走，当作者走到一条布满黑莓的小路时，它开始动了，但是却不肯飞走，徘徊着，后来终于飞走了，当作者准备离开时，蜂鸟又飞到作者面前，好像是在和作者告别。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“几个星期后，我又去了农场。”可知，第一段可描写作者回到农场时所看到的和所想到的。 ②由第二段首句内容“我正要离开，这时蜂鸟出现了。”可知，第二段可描写蜂鸟是如何对作者的以及作者的感想。 2.续写线索：想起救蜂鸟的时候——回到那个房子——想到那只蜂鸟——看见蜂鸟——蜂鸟的表现——作者的感想 3.词汇激活 行类 ①思绪回到……：thoughts drift back to/thoughts return to ②匆匆回到：rush back to/hurry back to ③盯着：eyes locked on/eyes staring at 情绪类 ①宽慰：feel a surge of relief/feel relieved ②感激：grateful/thankful 【点睛】[高分句型1] As my car neared it my thoughts drifted back to the moment when I rescued the hummingbird from the spider’s web. (由as引导的时间状语从句和when引导的限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] It was a great comfort that the original hole in the window was nowhere to be found. (由that引导的主语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$