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1.动名词的变态①当doing的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生;或接近发生主动用doing;被动用being done例:She enjoys having some fruit after dinner.The kid is afraid of being eaten by her.②当doing的动作发生在谓语动作之前主动用having done;被动用having been done例: She denied having had some fruit after dinner.2.动名词作主语当动词作主语时,需要变为__【典例分析】(hear) how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.▁(know) basic first –aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies._【注意】有些特定用法,动名词作主语时,使用it代替It is no use/no good/any use/any good+动名词【典例分析】(debate) with Tom, because he will never change hisIt is no usemind.