衔接点15 状语从句 （初高考点差异及衔接）-2024年初升高英语无忧衔接（通用版）

衔接点15 状语从句 （初高考点差异及衔接） 初中要求 初中简单学习时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、比较和方式状语从句 高中要求 高中状语从句可以表示时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、比较和方式等。在复合句中起状语的作用，用于修饰主句中的谓语动词、形容词和副词等。 【初中状语从句考点聚焦】 一．选择题 1.I will try my best to help you， 　　　I don’t know what to start with yet.  A.whether　　　 B.since C.though　　　　 D.until 答案　C　考查连词。逗号前说“我会尽最大努力帮你”，逗号后说“我还不知道怎么开始”。逗号前后是让步关系，应用though引导让步状语从句。故选C。 2.　　　 astronauts go on spacewalks， they wear spacesuits to keep themselves safe.  A.Though　　　　 B.Till C.When　　　 D.Unless 答案　C　考查时间状语从句的引导词。though虽然，尽管;till直到……为止;when当……时候;unless除非。此处表示“当宇航员在太空行走时”。故选C。 3.—It is impossible to finish the difficult task in such a short time on my own 　　　both of us work together.  —No problem. Let’s start! A.if　　　　 B.but C.because　　　 D.unless 答案　D　考查条件状语从句的引导词。“我独自在这么短的时间内完成这项艰难的任务是不可能的”，而完成任务的条件是“我们两个人一起做”，空格处引导条件状语从句，unless“除非”符合语境。故选D。 4.Dad sometimes goes to the supermarket with us 　　　　he hates going shopping.  A.because　　　 B.so C.though　　　 D.if 答案　C　考查让步状语从句的引导词。 设空处前的“Dad sometimes goes to the supermarket with us”与设空处后的“he hates going shopping”为让步关系，用though引导让步状语从句，故选C。 5.You need to practise speaking every day 　　　you hope to improve your spoken English.  A.if　　　　 B.although C.unless　　　 D.until 答案　A　考查条件状语从句的引导词。if如果;although虽然，尽管;unless除非;until直到……为止。由语境可知，此空表示假设的条件，故选A。 6.Mary shut the window just now 　　　she could keep the insects out.  A.so that　　　　 B.when　　　　 C.till　　　 D.after 答案　A　考查目的状语从句的引导词。so that以便，为了;when当……时;till直到;after在……之后。根据句意可知，关窗户的目的是把虫子挡在外面。用so that引导目的状语从句，故选A。 7.　　　we’ve made the promise， let’s keep to it and not give up easily.  A.Whether　　　　 B.Since　　　　 C.Though　　　　 D.Unless 答案　B　考查原因状语从句的引导词。whether是否;since既然，由于;though虽然;unless除非，如果不。结合句意可知，此处填Since，表示双方都知道的原因，故选B。 二．填空题 1.Ann was 　　　　　　 moved that tears filled her eyes. She said thanks and hugged Lily.  答案　so　此处表示Ann如此感动,以至于泪水充满眼眶,应用“so...that...”结构。故填so。 2.　　　　　　 her friends came to their house, Kendall Rae enjoyed sharing what she knew about farming.  答案　When　句意:当朋友们来她家做客时,Kendall Rae喜欢分享她对农业的了解。应用when引导时间状语从句。故填When。 3.I've always wanted to work in an art museum 　　　　　　(自从) I visited the Louvre Museum in 2018.  答案　since　此处为时间状语从句,结合中文提示可知答案为since。 4.Don't trouble trouble 　　　　　　(直到) trouble troubles you.  答案　until/till　此处为时间状语从句,结合汉语提示可知,答案为until/till。 5.Dad offered to take us to the ancient city of Pompeii. I didn't really want to go 　　　　　　 I had no interest in old cities.  答案　because/as　根据语境可知空后是空前的原因,此处可以用because或as引导原因状语从句,故填because/as。 6.Lance was so excited 　　　　 he got everything ready when Nathan got home.  答案　that　考查结果状语从句。分析空前的so excited及空后的“he got everything ready”可知,本句为so...that...句式,意为“如此……以至于……”。故填that。 【高中状语从句考点聚焦】 考纲解读 状语从句在复合句中起状语的作用，用于修饰主句中的谓语动词、形容词和副词等。状语从句一般由连词引导，连词不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。状语从句也可以由短语引起，也有时不需要连词而直接和主句连接起来。状语从句多位于句首或句尾。位于句首时，一般要用逗号与主句隔开；位于句尾时，一般不与主句隔开。根据意义上的不同，状语从句可以表示时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、比较和方式等。 典型例句：1.It will not be long before we meet again.用不了多久我们会再见面的。 （时间状语从句） 2.I got up early so that I caught the bus.我起得很早，所以我赶上了公共汽车。 （结果状语从句） 考点清单 一.表示时间的状语从句 时间状语从句常用的引导词 before在……之前 directly一……就…… by the time截至…… after在……之后 since自……以来 till/until直到…… when/while/as当……的时候 each time/every time每次 the moment立刻，马上 no sooner...than...一……就…… once一旦……就…… instantly一……就…… as soon as一……就…… immediately一……就…… hardly...when...一……就…… scarcely...一……就…… whenever/no matter when无论何时 1.before before的意思是“在……之前”，常用来引导时间状语从句。 句型：It is/was (not)+时间+before+从句 It will (not) be+时间+before+从句 It was one year before he finished his work.过了一年他才完成了他的工作。 It was not long before he finished his work.过了不久，他就完成了他的工作。 It will be three weeks before he finishes his work.要过3周，他才能完成他的工作。 It won’t be long before he finishes his work.用不了多久，他就会完成他的工作。 2.by the time by the time的意思是“截至……（时间）”，可以引导时间状语从句。by the time引导的从句若是一般现在时，主句要用将来完成时；若是一般过去时，主句则要用过去完成时。 By the time you receive this letter,I will have left this city for my hometown. 你收到这封信时，我将已经离开这座城市回家乡了。 I shall have finished it by the time you come back.你回来以前我就把它做完了。 说明：这两个句子从句用一般现在时，主句用将来完成时。 By the time I got there,the bus had already left.等我到那里时，公共汽车已开走了。 She had finished cleaning by the time I arrived.在我到达之前，她就已打扫完卫生了。 说明：这两个句子从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。 必背：“by+时间”还可以构成各种短语，在句子中作时间状语。 by then截至那时 by nine o’clock截至9点钟 by the end of last year截至去年年底 by last year截至去年 by the end of next year截至明年年底 3.once once作连词引导时间状语从句时，意思是“一旦……就……”。 Once you understand the rules of the game,you’ll enjoy it. 一旦你了解了这个游戏的规则，你就会喜欢它。 Once you begin,you should go on.一旦开了头，你就应该继续下去。 注意：once引导状语从句时，若从句的主语和主句的主语一致，有时可以将从句的主语和be动词省略。 Once (it is) printed,the book will be very popular.这本书一旦付印，肯定很受欢迎。 Once (it is) found,any mistake must be corrected.一旦发现任何错误就必须加以改正。 Once having made a promise,you should keep it.一旦做出承诺，你就应该遵守诺言。 4.as soon as和no sooner...than等 as soon as，no sooner...than，hardly/scarcely...when/before，immediately，directly等连词及连词短语的意思都是“一……就……”。当主句是一般将来时，as soon as引导的从句要用一般现在时。no sooner...than，hardly...when/before，scarcely...when/before等引导的从句常用一般过去时，主句往往和过去完成时连用；为了加强语气，主句还可以用倒装语序。 They will post the tickets to me as soon as they receive my check. 他们收到我的支票后就立刻把票寄给我。 He will be set free as soon as the fine is paid.只要交了罚款，他就会被释放。 说明：这两个句子的主句是一般将来时，as soon as引导的从句要用一般现在时。 I gave the alarm as soon as I saw the smoke.我一看见冒烟，就发出了警报。 Immediately she had gone,I remembered her name.她刚走开我就想起了她的名字。 The fans cried as soon as they saw the movie star.追星族们一看见这位影星就喊了起来。 =The fans had no sooner seen the movie star than they cried. =The fans had hardly seen the movie star when they cried. =The fans had scarcely seen the movie star when they cried. =No sooner had the fans seen the movie star when they cried. =Hardly had the fans seen the movie star when they cried. =Scarcely had the fans seen the movie star when they cried. As soon as I got home,it began to rain.我刚一到家，就下起雨来了。 重要：“一……就……”还可以用the moment表示，这句话还可以转换为： The moment I got home,it began to rain. =I had no sooner got home than it began to rain. =I had hardly got home when/before it began to rain. =I had scarcely got home when/before it began to rain. =No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. =Hardly had I got home when/before it began to rain. =Scarcely had I got home when/before it began to rain. 补充：“on+名词/doing”结构也相当于as soon as引导的时间状语从句。 Please report to reception on arrival.到达后请立即到接待处报到。 On arriving home,he discovered they had gone.他一到家就发现他们已经走了。 5.whenever和no matter when等 whenever相当于no matter when，意思是“无论什么时候”；every time/each time的意思是“每次”。 Whenever I visited him,he was not at home.我无论何时拜访他，他都不在家。 =No matter when I visited him,he was not at home. Whenever I come up to Tianjin,I call at my teacher’s home.每次到天津我都要去拜访我的老师。 =No matter when I come up to Tianjin,I call at my teacher’s home. =I call at my teacher’s home each time I come up to Tianjin. Whenever I see this picture,I think of my hometown. 无论什么时候我看到这幅图片，我都会想起我的家乡。 =No matter when I see this picture,I think of my hometown. =Each/Every time I see this picture,I think of my hometown. 1.I had just finished my housework ________ I heard cries for first aid the other day. A. as B. while C. since D. when 【答案】D 【解析】句意：我刚做完家务，就听到有人喊急救。had just done sth. when…“刚做完……，……发生了”。故选D。 2.They were walking along the shore _______ a huge wave appeared out of nowhere, sweeping them out to sea. A. while B. as C. when D. since 【答案】C 【解析】考查固定句型。句意：他们正沿着海岸走着，突然一股巨浪不知从哪儿冒出来，把他们卷到海里去了。这里考查固定句型sb. be doing sth. when...表“某人正在做某事，正在这时……”。故选C。 3.I was ________ them about my travels ________ she broke in with a story of her own. A. to tell; while B. about to tell; when C. was going to; while D. telling; while 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我正要告诉他我的旅行中的故事，这时他突然用他自己的故事把我打断了。be about to do......when...正要做……突然，这里是我正要告诉她，突然……；A与C项中将来时与while连用，不符合。故选B。 4.Children who don’t have the skills to deal with difficult situations may be at a disadvantage ______ with real dangers. A. when have faced B. when to face C. when faced D. when facing 【答案】C 【解析】句意：没有处理困难情况的技能的孩子在面对真正的危险时可能处于不利地位。根据句意可知，本句为when引导的时间状语从句，固定搭配be faced with面对，当前后句子主语一致时，可以省略从句的主语和be动词，所以剩下faced，故选C。 5.While _____________ in the street, he met his old friend by chance. A. to walk B. walking C. walked D. having walked 【答案】B 【解析】句意：他在街上散步时，偶然遇到了他的老朋友。此处是时间状语从句while he was walking in the street，当主从句主语一致时可省略he was，故选B。 6._______ the day went on, the weather got worse and worse and ______ the time going on, we had to put on more and more clothes. A. With, as B. Since, with C. As, with D. While, when 【答案】C 【解析】with和as都有随着……的意思，as是连词，后面要接句子，引导时间状语从句。而with是介词，后面要接动名词结构。随着日子的流逝，可以说with the days going on，也可以说as the day went on。故选C。 7.Tom said he would stick to his assumption ______ evidence was presented to prove he was mistaken. A. on condition that B. until C. as long as D. providing 【答案】B 【解析】句意：汤姆说，他将坚持他的设想，直到有证据证明他错了。 A.on condition that在……条件下；B.until直到；C.as long as只要，既然；D.providing如果，假如。结合句意，故选B。 8.Patrick waited ________ all the luggage was cleared, but his never appeared. A. until B. before C. when D. while 【答案】A 【解析】句意：帕特里克一直等到所有的行李都拿走了，但始终没看见他自己的（行李）。A.until直到；B.before在……之前；C.when当……时候；D.while虽然；然而；当……的时候。根据句意，故选A。 9.I have heard a lot of good things about you ________ I came back from abroad. A. since B. until C. before D. when 【答案】A 【解析】句意：自从我从国外回来以后，我听到了许多关于你的好消息。根据前面时态have heard可以判断本句为现在完成时题哎，后面应用连词since，表示从过去某时间开始一直延续到现在的情况。A.since自从；B.until直到；C.before在……之前；D.when当……时候。故选A。 10.It is almost three months __________ we became a senior student of Bashu Secondary School. A. before B. since C. after D. when 【答案】B 【解析】试题分析：句意：自从我们成为巴蜀中学的高中生以来已经有3个月了。since从句中使用一般过去时，前面的主句可以使用现在完成时或者一般现在时。表示“自从……以来已经有……时间了”。故选B。 二.表示地点的状语从句 地点状语从句表示地点、方位，通常由连词where和复合关系词wherever（相当于no matter where）引导。 1.where where作连词引导地点状语从句时，意思是“在/向……的地方”。 You should have put the book where you found it.你本来应该把书放回原来的地方。 You’d better make a mark where you have any questions.哪儿有问题，你就在哪儿做个记号。 =Where you have any questions,you’d better make a mark. We must camp where we can get water.我们必须在能找到水的地方露营。 Where they went,they were warmly welcomed.他们走到哪里都受到热烈的欢迎。 比较：where引导的地点状语从句与定语从句的区别 引导定语从句时，where是关系副词，在从句中作地点状语，其前面有表示地点的先行词，where引导的从句修饰先行词。引导状语从句时，where是从属连词，它引导的从句修饰主句的谓语动词，where前面没有表示地点的先行词。 Bamboo grows best in places where it is warm and where it rains often. =Bamboo grows best where it is warm and where it rains often. （where引导定语从句，引导地点状语从句。） 温暖而多雨的地方最适合于竹子生长。 有时，where引导的地点状语从句兼有抽象条件含义，可放在主句的前面；而where引导的定语从句则不能放在主句的前面。 Where there is water,there is life.有水的地方就有生命。（where引导地点状语从句。） 2.wherever wherever相当于no matter where，意思是“无论到哪里，无论在哪里”。wherever引导的地点状语从句多位于句首。 Wherever he goes,he always takes a notebook with him.无论走到哪里，他总是带着一个笔记本。 Wherever there is smoke,there is fire.无风不起浪。 Wherever he may be,he will be happy.无论在什么地方，他都会快乐的。 =No matter where he may be,he will be happy. 三.表示原因的状语从句 原因状语从句常用的引导词 because因为 since既然 now that既然 as由于 seeing (that)由于，因为，鉴于 considering (that)考虑到，鉴于 1.because because的意思是“因为”，表示直接原因，语气最重，常用来回答why（为什么）引导的特殊疑问句。 A:Why were you late for school this morning?你今天早晨上学为什么迟到了？ B:Because I got up late.因为我起床晚了。 I want to do it myself because I like it.我想亲自做这件事，因为我喜欢它。 （正）He is disappointed because he failed again.因为他又失败了，所以他感到失望。 （误）So he is disappointed because he failed again. 切记：尽管在汉语中“因为……，所以……”常一起使用，但在英语中because不能和so连用。 The museum won’t be open this week because it is under repairs. 博物馆本周不开放，因为他正在修缮中。 2.since since的意思是“既然”，表示对方已知道的事实和理由，语气比because弱。 Since you’re not interested,I won’t tell you about.既然你不感兴趣，那我就不告诉你了。 Since no one is against it,we’ll pass it.既然没人反对，那我们就通过了。 Since you can’t answer the question,I’ll ask someone else. 既然你回答不出这个问题，那我就问别人了。 3.as as的意思是“由于”，表示较为明显的原因，语气较弱。 As it is snowing,you’d better take a taxi.下雪了，你最好乘出租车。 As you request it,I will come.由于你的要求，所以我会来。（语气较缓和） =I’ll come because you request it.（语气很强） As she had no car,she stayed at home.她因为没车而留在家里。（语气较缓和） =She stayed at home because she had no car.（语气很强） 比较：because，since，as和for的区别 都可译为“因为”，但在语气上，because最重，其次是since，as，for。 because，since，as都是从属连词。而for是一个并列连词，用来附带解释说明前一分句的原因或理由，for引导的并列句，一般放在所要说明的句子的后面。 because引导的原因状语从句一般放主句后面，也可放主句前面；since和as引导的从句则通常位于句首；for不能位于句首，只能置于句中，且前面要用逗号与前一分句分开。 I went to see him,for I had something to tell him.我去见他，因为我有事要告诉他。 4.now what，seeing that和considering that now that的意思是“既然”，seeing that的意思是“由于，因为，鉴于”，considering that的意思是“考虑到，鉴于”。 Now that they have taken matters into their hands,the pace of events has quickened. 他们既然已着手自己来处理问题，事态的进展也就加快了。 Now that you are a man,you must not do such a thing.既然你是个男子汉，就不要做这样的事了。 Now that you are well,you can work.既然你已经好了，你可以工作了。 Seeing that he’s been off sick all week,he is unlikely to come today. 由于他请病假整整一周了，所以今天不太可能来。 She knows quite a lot about it,considering (that) she is very young. 鉴于她年龄小，她懂得的已经很多了。 四.表示条件的状语从句 条件状语从句常用的引导词 in case万一 unless除非 as/so long as只要 if如果 provided (that)如果 providing (that)如果 suppose (that)如果 supposing (that)如果 on condition (that)如果 1.if和unless if的意思是“如果”。unless的意思则是“除非……；如果不……”，相当于if...not...，有时二者可以换用。 If you have any questions or comments,you can voice them now. 你们如果有任何疑问或意见，可以现在提出。 If we interfere with nature,we will have to deal with the consequences. 如果我们干预自然，我们将不得不应付后果。 If you don’t eat meat,this tour is not for you as the Inuit live on animals,birds and fish. 如果你不吃肉，那这种旅行就不适合你，因为因纽特人以动物、鸟和鱼为主食。 =Unless you eat meat,this tour is not for you as the Inuit live on animals,birds and fish. 除非你吃肉，否则这种旅行就不适合你，因为因纽特人以动物、鸟和鱼为主食。 If you don’t visit him tomorrow,he will be angry.如果你明天不去看他，他会生气的。 =Unless you visit him tomorrow,he’ll be angry.除非你明天去看他，否则他就会生气的。 2.in case in case的意思是“万一，以防”，常用来引导条件状语从句。 Take a coat in case the weather turns old.带上一件外衣吧，以防天气转冷了。 Take some money with you in case you want to buy something. 带上些钱，万一你想要买一些东西呢。 Take a taxi in case you are late for the meeting.坐出租车去，免得开会迟到。 I’ll leave you my phone number in case you want to contact me. 我把我的电话号码留给你，万一你要和我联系呢。 You’d better be ready in case he comes.你最好有所准备，万一他来呢。 比较：“in case+从句”和“in case of+名词”都表示“以防，万一”。 They won’t be able to go to the park in case it rains. =In case of rain they can’t go to the park.万一下雨，他们就不能去公园了。 in that case意为“如果是那样的话”。 In that case,he would be punished.要是情况如此，他将会受到惩罚。 （表示假设条件，he would be punished是虚拟语气。） Will Li Ming attend the party?In that case,I won’t attend it. 李明会参加聚会吗？若是那样的话，我就不参加了。 3.as long as和so long as as long as和so long as的意思都是“只要”。 I’m sure we are safe as long as (we are) in his care.我深信只要在他的保护下，我们就会平安无事。 He will surely finish the job on time as long as he’s left to do it in his own way.只要让他用自己的方式工作，他一定会按时完成这项工作的。 As/So long as we don’t lose heart,we’ll find a way to overcome the difficulty.只要我们不灰心，我们就能找到克服困难的办法。 You can go to see the film as/so long as you arrive at the cinema on time.你可以去看这场电影，只要你能按时到达电影院。 补充：as long as还可以作“……之久”讲。 Keep it as long as you can.你能把它保留多久，就保留多久。 4.provided (that)和supposing (that)等 条件状语从句还可以由provided (that)，providing (that)，suppose (that)，supposing (that)，on condition (that)等引导。 We shall sign the contract provided (that) there is no opposition. 如果没有反对意见，我们就在合同上签字。 He won’t be against us in the meeting provided (that) we ask for his advice in advance. 如果我们提前征求一下他的意见，他就不会在会上反对我们。 Providing there is no objection,we shall make a decision.如果没人反对，我们就决定了。 Suppose we offer more favourable terms,they will choose to cooperate with us.假如我们提供更优惠的条件，他们会选择与我们合作。 Supposing it rains,shall we visit the museum?倘若下雨，我们还去参观博物馆吗？ I can tell you the truth on condition that you promise to keep a secret.我可以告诉你真相，条件是你答应保守秘密。 5.条件状语从句的时态 在运用条件状语从句的时候，一定要注意主句和从句在时态上的一致。 A.主句是一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时 和时间状语从句一样，条件状语从句的时态也要注意和主句时态保持一致。大多数情况下，主句如果是一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时来表示，有时也可以用现在进行时和现在完成时。 He’ll be a doctor when he finishes studying here.他结束在这儿的学习之后，将会成为一名医生。 （时间状语从句） If it doesn’t rain tomorrow,we’ll start.明天如果不下雨，我们就出发。（条件状语从句） If you understand this rule,you will have no further difficulty.（条件状语从句） 你如果/一旦了解这个规则，就不会再有困难。 说明：有时可用once或as soon as代替if。 Once/As soon as you understand this rule,you will have no further difficulty. B.有时主句中用祈使句和情态动词来替代将来时态 If you get the book,let me know.如果你弄到了那本书，告诉我一声。（祈使句） If you drink,don’t drive.如果你喝了酒，千万别开车。（祈使句） If he feels like seeing the sights of the city,he can take a bus tour.（情态动词）如果他想看城市风光，他可以坐城市观光车。 If you like,you can stay here for the weekend.如果你愿意就留在这里过周末吧。（情态动词） C.如果主句谓语动词是want，hope等词，则条件状语从句用一般现在时 What do you want to do if you have much money?如果你有很多钱，你想要做什么？ I hope to see her if I’m free.如果我有空，我希望去看看她。 D.在有些句子中，主、从句都可用一般现在时 If you ring this number,no one answers.如果你打这个电话号码，不会有人接。 If you press the switch,the computer comes on.如果你按这个开关，计算机就会启动。 注意：有时if引导的从句也可以用will，但will表示意愿。 If you will go into the fields and turn over a few big stones,you will uncover a city of ant “people”. 如果你愿意到田野里去翻开几块大石头，你准会揭开一个蚁“民”的城市。 If you’ll just wait a moment,I’ll find someone to help you.如果你愿意等一会儿，我会找人来帮助你。 If you won’t go,you needn’t/won’t go.如果你不愿意去，那就不必去。 1.______we don't stop climate change， many animals and plants in the world will be gone． A. Although B. While C. If D. Until 【答案】C 【解析】句意：如果我们不能阻止气候变化，世界上的许多动植物就会消失。A.Although"尽管，虽然"，引导让步状语从句；B.While"当……的时候"，引导时间状语从句；C.If"如果"，引导条件状语从句；D.Until"直到"，引导时间状语从句。故选C。 2.It is believed that, ________, the situation will get worse. A. if it not dealt carefully with B. if only dealt carefully with C. if not carefully dealt with D. it is not carefully dealt with 【答案】C 【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：人们相信，如果不认真处理，情况会变得更糟。​if not carefully dealt with，在条件状语从句中，从句主语与主句主语一致且从句中含有系动词，从句主语和系动词同时省略。结合本题语境，​if the situation/it  is not carefully dealt with的省略形式为​if not carefully dealt with；从句中的主语和系动词同时省略，A项中it在结构上是多余的；if only要是......就好了，其后接完整句子，不用省略结构，排除B项；D项it is not carefully dealt with与the situation will get worse两个句子之间缺少连接词，故选C。 3.________ you do more reading practice, I’m sure your English will be greatly improved. A. As well as B. As long as C. As far as D. Unless 【答案】B 【解析】考查条件状语从句。句意：只要你多做阅读练习，我相信你的英语一定会有很大的提高。A.As well as也，还；B.As long as只要；C.As far as远到……；D.Unless除非。根据句意，此处用as long as引导条件状语从句。故选B。 4.One’s life has value _________ one brings value to the life of others. A. so that B. no matter how C. as long as D. except that 【答案】C 【解析】考查连词。句意：只要他给别人的生命带来价值，那么一个人的生命就是有价值的。A.so that以便；B.no matter how无论怎样；C.as long as只要；D.except that除了。故选C。 5.          you exercise regularly as well, you won't be able to lose weight only by eating less. A. Once B. When C. If D. Unless 【答案】D 【解析】句意：如果你不经常锻炼，只减少饮食，也不能减轻体重。A.Once一旦；B.When当；C. If如果；D.Unless如果不，除非。分析句子可知，从句与主句属于条件关系，故选D。 6.________ they are extremely talented, it can be really hard for models with just a few years' experience to impress the big brands and win opportunities. A. As long as B. Unless C. Until D. In case 【答案】B 【解析】句意：除非他们非常有天赋，否则对于只有几年经验的模特来说，要想打动大品牌并赢得机会是非常困难的。选项中，A.只要；B.除非；C.直到；D.万一，假使。根据句意可知需表示除非的意思，用unless引导条件状语从句。故选B。 五.表示目的、结果的状语从句 目的状语从句常用的引导词 结果状语从句常用的引导词 that，so that，in order that (so) that，(so...) that，(such...) that， (so much/many...) that 1.so that so that的意思是“目的是……；结果……”，既可以引导目的状语从句，也可以引导结果状语从句。引导目的状语从句时，从句的谓语里常有can，could，may，might，will，would等情态动词。而引导结果状语从句时，则通常没有情态动词。 比较：The little boy saved every coin so that he could buy his mother a present on Mother’s Day. 小男孩把一枚枚硬币积攒起来，为的是能在母亲节给妈妈买一份礼物。（目的） The little boy saved every coin so that he bought his mother a present on Mother’s Day. 小男孩把一枚枚硬币积攒起来，在母亲节那天给妈妈买了一份礼物。（结果） 比较：He always studies hard so that me may make great progress.他总是努力地学习，这样他才会取得很大的进步。（目的） He always studied hard so that he made great progress.他总是努力地学习，结果他取得了很大的进步。（结果） 2.in order that in order that的意思是“以便……，为了……”。in order that和so that表示目的时一样，从句的谓语动词里常有can，could，may，might，will，would等情态动词。 She raised her voice in order that she might be heard.她把声音抬高以便与别人听见。 =She raised her voice so that she might be heard. in order that和so that与不定式in order to，so as to以及to表示目的时表达的意思一样，不过不定式表示目的时，句子是简单句。因此上一句还可表示为： She raised her voice so as to be heard. In order to be heard she raised her voice. She raised her voice in order to be heard. To be heard she raised her voice. She raised her voice to be heard. 比较：so as to不能位于句首；in order to和to的位置比较灵活，可以位于句首或句中。 3.so...that和such...that so...that和such...that的意思都是“如此……以至”，二者皆可引导结果状语从句，且含义相同，但用法有一定的区别。 句型：so+形容词/副词+that When the football fans saw Beckham,they got so excited that they cried out. 当球迷们看到贝克汉姆的时候，他们如此激动以至于大喊大叫。 He was so ill that we had to send for a doctor.他病得很重，我们只好给他请医生了。 He was injured so badly that he had to be sent to the hospital.他伤势很重，不得不送医院。 =So badly was he injured that he had to be sent to the hospital. 切记：当so位于句首时，主句的主谓要倒装。 The novel was so boring that he gave up reading it half way through. =So boring was the novel that he gave up reading it half way through. 这本小说非常乏味，他读了一半就不读了。 David was so careless that he didn’t find the mistakes in his test paper. =David was too careless to find the mistakes in his test paper. 戴维太粗心了，没发现他试卷中的错误。 She was so exhausted that she couldn’t move on. =She was too exhausted to move on.她疲惫得无法继续前进。 说明：如果so...that引导的结果状语从句是否定句，也可以用too...to...来表达相同的意思。 句型：such+a/an（+形容词）+单数可数名词+that =so+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+that It gave him such a shock that his face turned white.这使他如此震惊以至于他的脸色都变白了。 This is such a useful dictionary that I’m thinking of buying it. =This is so useful a dictionary that I’m thinking of buying it.这本字典很有用，我正打算买一本。 He is such a clever boy that all the teachers like him. =He is so clever a boy that all the teachers like him.他是如此聪明的一个男孩，所有的老师都喜欢他。 It was such an interesting film that I saw it twice. =It was so interesting a film that I saw it twice.这是一部很有意思的电影，我看了两次。 句型：such（+形容词）+不可数名词+that This book is written in such easy English that beginners can understand it.这本书是用浅易的英语写的，初学者都可以读懂。 He showed such concern that people took him to be a friend.他表现得如此关心以至于人们都把他当作朋友了。 （正）It’s such nice weather that all of us want to go to the park. （误）It’s so nice weather that all of us want to go to the park.多么好的天气啊！我们大家都想去公园玩。 注意：当不可数名词的前面有形容词much，little修饰时，要用so，而不用such。句型为“so+much/little+不可数名词+that”。 Such a little boy has so little difficulty in working out this difficult problem that I admire him very much.这样小的一个男孩解这道题所遇到的困难是如此之少，以至于我很羡慕他。 （第一个little意为“小”，因此前面用such修饰；第二个little意为“少”，因此前面用so修饰。） He had so much work to do that he had to work late into the night. 他有那么多工作要做，不得不工作到深夜。 句型：such（+形容词）+复数可数名词+that They are such difficult problems that I don’t know how to settle them.这些问题是如此复杂，以至于我不知道如何解决。 He made such a lot of mistakes in his maths exercises that he had to do them all over. 他做错了如此多的数学题，以至于不得不全部重新做。 （正）They are such fine teachers that we all hold them in great respect. （误）They are so fine teachers that we all hold them in great respect. 他们是非常好的老师，我们对他们极为尊敬。 注意：当可数名词前有形容词many，few修饰时，要用so，而不用such。句型为“so+many/few+复数可数名词+that”。 There are so few notebooks that I can’t give you any.笔记本太少了，我一本也给不了你。 There are so many kinds of bikes on sale at the market that I cannot make up my mind which to buy.市场上出售的自行车种类很多，我拿不定主意要买哪一种。 1.Mike is so _________ that he is welcome by most of his colleagues. A.kind people B. a kind people C. kind a man D. a kind man 【答案】C 【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：迈克是如此善良的一个人以至于他的大多数同事都欢迎他。so+形容词+a/an+名词+that，固定结构。故选C。 2.See that big stone? Actually, it's such a big stone ________ no one can carry it. A. as B. which C. who D. that 【答案】D 【解析】考查结果状语从句。句意：看到那块大石头了吗？事实上，这是一块如此的大石头，以至于没人能搬到它。 由句子结构可知，such ...that引导的结果状语从句。结构为such+a+形容词+可数名词单数+that+从句。故选D。 3.It was ________ terrible weather that we had to stay at home. A. such B. so 【答案】A 【解析】考查固定句型。句意：天气如此糟糕，我们只好呆在家里。此句用such...that...句型，such修饰名词weather；而so应该修饰形容词、副词。此处的中心词是weather，而不是terrible。故选A。 六.表示让步的状语从句 让步状语从句常用的引导词 though/although虽然 no matter+疑问词（who/what/when/which/where/how）无论 even if/even though即使 whoever/whatever/whenever/whichever/wherever/however无论 1.though和although though，although都当“虽然”讲，二者都可与以yet或still连用，但不能与but连用。 Although he was worn out,he (still) kept on working. =Though he was worn out,he (still) kept on working. =He still kept on working though he was worn out. =He was worn out but he still kept on working.他虽然已经筋疲力竭了，但仍然继续工作。 注意：（正）it was not very cold although/though it was snowing.虽下着雪，但并不太冷。 （误）Although/though it was snowing,but it was not very cold. Although he was a child,he knew what was the right thing to do. =Though he was a child,he knew what was the right thing to do. =Child though he was,he knew what was the right thing to do. =Child as he was,he knew what was the right thing to do. 虽然他是一个孩子，但他知道该做什么。 Although you may object,I’ll carry out the experiment. =Though you may object,I’ll carry out the experiment. =Object as you may,I’ll carry out the experiment. 纵使你反对，我也要做这项实验。 Although he works hard,he makes little progress. =Though he works hard,he makes little progress. =Hard though he works,he makes little progress. =Hard as he works,he makes little progress.尽管他学习很努力，但几乎没取得什么进步。 说明：此二句采用了倒装语序，在这种倒装句中只能用as或though，不能用although。 2.even if和even though even if相当于even though，意思是“即使，尽管，虽然……也”，其所表达的意思比although更强烈。 We’ll make a trip even if/even though the weather is bad. 即使天气不好，我们也要作一次旅行。 You should try to be nice to him,even though you don’t like him. 即使你不喜欢他，也要尽量对他好些。 Even though/Even if it is raining,I’ll go to work.尽管下着雨，我也要去上班。 比较：even if和even though所引导的状语从句中，动词用虚拟语气时和用陈述语气时表达的意义有所不同。 Even if I were ill,I would attend the meeting.即使我生病了，我也要参加会议。 （虚拟语气，事实上我并没有生病。） Even if I am ill,I will attend the meeting.虽然我生病了，我也要参加会议。 （陈述语气，我现在的确生病了。） 3.“no matter+疑问词”和“疑问词-ever” “no matter+疑问词（who/what/when/where/which/how）”引导让步状语从句时，相当于whoever/whatever/whenever/wherever/whichever/however，它们可以互换，表达的含义是“无论……，不管……都……”。 no matter who=whoever（无论是谁） no matter what=whatever（无论什么） no matter when=whenever（无论何时） no matter where=wherever（无论何地） no matter which=whichever（无论是哪一个） no matter how=however（无论怎样） No matter who you are,you must keep the law. =Whoever you are,you must keep the law.不管你是谁，你都要遵纪守法。 No matter what you do,I will support you. =Whatever you do,I will support you.无论你做什么，我都会支持你。 No matter when she comes,she says the same words. =Whenever she comes,she says the same words.无论她什么时候来，她总是说同样的话。 No matter which you like best,you can have. =You can have whichever you like best.你可以拿你最喜欢的。 No matter how difficult it may be,we will overcome it. =However difficult it may be,we will overcome it.不管多么困难，我们都要克服。 1.Dreams in our heart will come true one day __________ we insist and keep making great efforts. A. as if B. unless C. even if D. on condition that 【答案】D 【解析】句意：​只要我们坚持不懈，不断努力，心中的梦想总有一天会实现。A.as if好像；B.unless除非；C.even if即使；纵然；D.on condition that在……条件下；如果；只要。空前空后是逻辑上的条件与结果的关系，由句意可知on condition that符合逻辑。故选D。 2.________ the old worker has limited technical knowledge, he has a lot of experience. A. Now that B. As though C. As for D. Although 【答案】D 【解析】句意：尽管这位老工人技术知识有限，但他有丰富的经验。A.Now that既然；B.As though好像；C.As for至于；D.Although尽管。根据句意，故选D。 3.________ they plant trees in this area every year, the tops of some hills are still bare(光秃秃的). A. Although B. Unless C. Since D. Once 【答案】A 【解析】句意：尽管他们每年都在这片区域种树，一些山丘的顶部还是光秃秃的，前后为转折关系。 4.Contrary to popular belief, the ants, hardworking _______ they are, have their time for play. A. because B. while C. as D. where 【答案】C 【解析】句意：与人们普遍认为的相反，虽然蚂蚁很勤劳，但它们却有时间玩耍。根据句意，as表“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句，表语至于句首，应用部分倒装。故选C。 5.________ you have picked up, you must give it back to ________ it belongs to. A. Whatever; whoever B. What; no matter who C. No matter what; no matter who D. Whatever; no matter who 【答案】A 【解析】句意：无论你捡到什么，你都必须归还给拥有他的人。根据you must give it back可知后面是宾语从句，whoever可引导名词性从句也可引导让步状语从句，no matter who只能引导让步状语从句，可排除B、C和D项；第一空whatever引导让步状语从句，故选A。 6.​_________ the difficulty, we should be optimistic and always keep a positive attitude towards life. A. Whichever B. Whatever C. No matter which D. What 【答案】B 【解析】考查让步状语从句。句意：无论遇到什么困难，我们都应该保持乐观和积极的生活态度。whatever the difficulty=whatever the difficulty is=no matter what the difficulty is，whatever引导让步状语从句，意为“无论什么”，相当于no matter what。A和C项不合句意；D项不引导让步状从。由句意和句子分析可知，故选B。 7.----Director, I’ve finished my document.    ---- Good, and ________ you go home or stay in office, you mustn’t let out its secret. A. whenever B. whatever C. whether D. wherever 【答案】C 【解析】考查状语从句。句意：——主任，我的文件写完了。——很好，不管你是回家还是呆在办公室里，你都不能泄露它的秘密。A.whenever无论何时；B.whatever无论什么；C.whether是否；D.wherever无论哪里。whether...or...，固定结构，意为“是……还是……”。根据句意，故选C。 8.Mark needs to learn Chinese _______ his company is opening a branch in Beijing. A. unless B. until C. although D. since 【答案】D 【解析】句意：马克需要学中文，因为他的公司要在北京设立分公司。根据题意，前后之间为因果关系。A.unless除非，引导条件状语从句；B.until直到，引导时间状语从句；C.although尽管，引导让步状语从句；D.since因为，引导原因状语从句。故选D。 9.You should be careful how you judge people ________ you cannot sum up a man's life in one moment. A. as though B. even though C. now that D. in that 【答案】D 【解析】考查状语从句。句意：你应该注意你如何评判一个人，因为你不能在一瞬间总结一个人的一生。as though似乎，好像；even though即使；now that既然；in that因为。根据句意，故选D。 七.表示比较的状语从句 原级 比较级 最高级 as...as，not so/as...as more...than the most...in/of... 1.more...than和the more...of... 句型：more...than ……比……更…… the more...of...（两者之中）比较……的 This film is more moving than that one.这部电影比那部电影感人。 This film is the more moving of the two films.这部电影是这两部电影中比较感人的。 This film is the most moving of the three.这部电影是这3部电影中最感人的。 说明：上方的三个句子分别表示了三种不同的意思： ①表示两部电影的比较。②表示从两部电影中选择了一部。 ③表示三部以上比较或从中选择。 2.“no+比较级+than”和“not+比较级+than” 句型：no+形容词/副词比较级+than（与……一样不） 对两者的否定，用于两者比较。 句型：not+形容词/副词比较级+than（不像/不如……一样） 表示程度上的差异，是普通的比较级结构。 She is no more diligent than her sisters. =Neither she nor her sisters are diligent.她们姐妹几个都不勤奋。 She is not more diligent than her sisters. =She is not as diligent as her sisters.她不如她的几个姐妹勤奋。 This fairy tale is no more interesting than that one. =Neither this fairy tale nor that one is interesting.这个童话和那个童话一样没趣。 This fairy tale is not more interesting than that one. =This fairy tale is not so interesting as that one.这个童话不如那个童话有趣。 重要：“A+动词+no more+B+than+C+动词+D”意为“A不是B，正如C不是D”。 We can no more leave the Party than fish can leave water. 我们不能离开党，正如鱼儿离不开水一样。 He’s no more fit to be a minister than a schoolboy would be. 小学生不适合当部长，他也不适合当部长。 A whale is no more a fish than a horse is.鲸和马一样，都不是鱼。 3.表示倍数的常用句型 句型：A+基数词+times as+形容词/副词原级+as+B A是B的几倍 This room is three times as large as that one.这间屋子是那间屋子的3倍大。 This red box is half as large as the blue one.这个红色盒子是那个蓝色盒子的一半大。 句型：A+基数词+times+名词/代词+of+B A是B的几倍 The age of my grandpa is four times the age of mine. =The age of my grandpa is four times that of mine. =My grandpa is four times as old as I.我爷爷的年龄是我的4倍。 句型：A+基数词+times+比较级+than+B A比B大（小，长……）几倍 This hole is five times deeper than that one.这个洞比那个洞深5倍。 =This hole is six times as deep as that one. =This hole is six times the depth of that one.这个洞是那个洞的6倍深。 4.形似比较级的固定搭配 句型：no more than+基数词（只不过，仅仅，只有） 具有感情色彩，含有“嫌少”的意思，不表示比较。 句型：not more than+基数词（至多，不超过） 客观地说明一个事实，没有感情色彩，不表示比较。 It is no more than ten minutes’ walk from the station to the hotel. 从车站走到宾馆只有10分钟的路程。（感觉路程短，带有感情色彩。） It is not more than ten minutes’ walk from the station to the hotel. 从车站走到宾馆只有10分钟的路程。（客观地说出事实，没有感情色彩。） I spent no more than five days reading the book. 仅仅用了5天，我就把这本书读完了。（强调时间短，带有感情色彩。） I spent not more than five days reading the book. 我用了不到5天的时间就把这本书读完了。（客观地说明一个事实，不带有感情色彩。） 八.表示方式的状语从句 表示行为方式的状语从句常由as，as if，as though，just as等引导，且多置于主句之后。有时，方式状语从句不用连词引导，而是用词或词组引导。 1.as引导方式状语从句时 通常作“依照……”，“像……一样，如……”等讲。 Always do to the others as you would be done by. 你希望别人怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。 He must do as the doctor advises. 他必须按照医生所说的去做。 Leave it as it is.维持现状。 He attended the meeting on time as he had been told to do. 他按照要求，准时出席了会议。 2.just as引导方式状语从句时 作“正如……”讲。 She went to the beach with me just as she had promised me to do. 正如她所许诺我的，她和我一起去了海滨。 I did it just as you told me.我正是按照你说的办的。 3.as if，as though引导方式状语从句时 作“似乎，好像”讲。状语从句的谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反。有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。 He paused as though he found some difficulty. 他停了停，仿佛遇到了一些困难似的。 I love you as if you were my daughter.我爱你就像你是我的女儿。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。） She closed her eyes as though she were asleep.她闭上眼睛，好像睡着了似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。） He acted as if he were brave.他装得好像很勇敢的样子。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。） He behaves as if he were a super star.他的举止就像一个巨星。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。） I feel as if I were floating on air.我感觉好像飘浮在空中一样。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。） It sounds as though the situation would get worse.听起来好像情况会恶化似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。） It looks as if it’s going to rain.看上去好像要下雨。（所说的情况很可能是事实，谓语用陈述语气。） 4.方式状语从句有时不用连词引导 He is behaving (in) the same way his father used to.他的行为和他父亲过去的行为一样。 We must manage to make it work in the way that we want it to.我们一定要设法让它按照我们所想的那样去做。 I was never allowed to do things the way I wanted to do them.我从来不曾获准按照自己的想法去做事情。 1.The doctor shares his phone number with the patients_______they need medical assistance． A. if only B. as if C. even though D. in case 【答案】D 【解析】句意：医生将电话号码告诉病人以防他们需要医学帮助。if only但愿；as if如果；even though即使；in case以防。根据句意和they need medical assistance可知答案。故选D。 2.I got enough money ready before leaving for the bookstore _______ I found many good books that could add to my collection. A. so that B. in case C. provided that D. only if 【答案】B 【解析】句意：在出发去书店前，我准备了足够多的钱，万一我在（书店）发现了许多好书就可以增加我的收藏了。A.so that因此，以便；B.in case以备，以防；C.provided that假如，设若；D.only if只要……就，除非。根据句意，故选B。 3.We should take advantage of an opportunity as soon as it exists, ____ it goes away and does not return. A. even if B. as if C. in that D. in case 【答案】D 【解析】句意：机会一存在，我们就应该利用它，以防它消失而不回来。 A.even if即使；B.as if似乎；C.in that因为；D.in case以防。根据句意，故选D。 一．单句填空 一 Economic development is necessary 1.　　　　　 we want to improve society. There comes a time 2.　　　　　 the old must give way to the new, and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future.  1. if　　2. when　　 二 Nowadays, we can move around the world and still stay in touch with the people 1.　　　　　 we want to remain friends with. Social media tools let us see 2.　　　　　 our friends are up to and maintain friendships. All you need is a wi-fi connection.  1. whom/who/that　　2. what　　 三 I wake up to the sound of the wind buffeting the cloth of my tent. Even though the sun is brightly shining, telling 1.　　　　　 it is morning or night is impossible. I'm above the Arctic Circle, 2.　　　　　 in summer the sun never sets. Checking my watch, I see that it is 7:30 a.m.  1. whether　　2. where　　 四 I was one of the people 1.　　　　　 came from all parts of China to work on this railway. Taking years to complete, the Qinghai-Xizang Railway is a record of all of our efforts to overcome the most difficult engineering challenges. 2.　　　　　 we could protect the delicate ecosystem was among the top concerns.  1. who/that　　2. How　　 五 The career suggestions are based on your education and experience level, but you can look at higher-level careers as well, 1.　　　　　 is very useful for high school students. For example, you could look at the basic careers to see 2.　　　　　 work you might like now, and then look at the more advanced careers so you know what you may like to aim for in the future.  1. which　　2. what　　 六 Like his father, basketball star Dell Curry, Stephen spent many childhood hours playing on a muddy basketball court. You see, with every shot, the weak plastic backboard gave way. The bumps and rocks 1.　　　　　 lined the road under the basket caused the ball to bounce in all directions. Knowing 2.　　　　　 the ball would go wasn't easy. He had to adjust his own playing style as a result.  1. which/that　　2. where　　 七 You're really going to love 1.　　　　　 is coming up next. It's the one and only Mona Lisa! The painting is a lot smaller than you would expect, and is protected by glass. But from here I can get a good view to show you. When I look into her eyes it seems she has a mind of her own! One moment she seems to be laughing at me, but then again I catch a sense of sadness in her smile. I guess that's 2.　　　　　 she attracts so many visitors every day.  1. what　　2. why　　 八 A recent project used technology and data in the same way that Rembrandt used his paints and brushes. The end result, printed in 3D, was a new “Rembrandt painting” created 347 years after the artist's death. These advances are perhaps bringing us closer to a time 1.　　　　　 computers rather than humans create art. 2.　　　　　 technology will take art next is anyone's guess. But one thing is for sure—with so many artists exploring new possibilities, we can definitely expect the unexpected.  1. when　　2. Where　　 九 Organic farmers use many methods to produce rich soil. They often change the kind of crop grown in each field every year. For instance, they may grow corn or wheat in a field one year, and then grow beans there the next. 1.　　　　　 different crops are grown is because they put important minerals back into the ground, making it ready for the next batch of crops. Organic farmers also plant diverse crops 2.　　　　　 use different depths of soil to help keep it rich. For example, peanuts grow on the ground's surface, 3.　　　　　 many other vegetables put down deep roots.  1. Why　　2. which/that　　3. but　　 十 1.　　　　　 impressed people most about Yuan Longping was his ongoing ability to fulfill his dreams. Long ago, he envisioned rice plants as tall as sorghum, with each ear of rice as big as a broom, and each grain of rice as huge as a peanut. He succeeded in producing a kind of rice 2.　　　　　 could feed more people at home and abroad.  1. What　　2. which/that　　 二．单句语法填空 1.It has been separated from other continents for millions of years， it has many plants and animals that cannot be found anywhere else in the world. 2.I have never been to Rome that's the city I'd most like to visit. 3. there was no conclusive evidence，most people thought he was guilty. 4.More and more people are willing to shop online to get what they want，and I am one of them.I just can't help buying things I need them or not. 5.As we can see，developing a good habit is so important I would like to introduce one kind of good learning habit－keep a learning diary every day. 6. the wedding ceremony began，the couple nervously repeated their vows“We promise to love each other for better，for worse，for richer，for poorer，in sickness and in health”． 7. we are satisfied with only a few rules we have memorized，we are not really learning the language. 8.Earthquake safety is very important and there is more to it just keeping buildings from falling down. 9. he has decided to come to see you，when do you think he will come? 10.－It's a long time I saw you last. －Yes，and what a pity！It will be a long time we see each other again. 【答案】　 1．so　句意：由于与其他大陆分开了好几百万年，因此那里有许多在世界别的地方找不到的植物和动物。前后两句为因果关系，故答案为so。 2．but　句意：我从未去过罗马，但那是我最想去的城市。前后两句为转折关系，故答案为but。 3．While/Although/Though　句意：虽然没有确凿证据，但大多数人认为他有罪。根据句意可知答案为While，Although或Though。 4．whether　句意：越来越多的人愿意在网上买自己想要的东西，我就是其中之一。无论我需不需要，我都会情不自禁地买东西。根据语境可以推断出此处考查让步状语从句，whether...or not意为：无论……还是……。 5．that　句意：正如我们看到的那样，养成一个好的习惯如此重要，以至于我想介绍一种好的学习习惯，即每天都要记学习笔记。根据语境可知此处考查so...that引导的结果状语从句。 6．As/When　句意：当婚礼开始时，那对新人紧张地重复着他们的誓言“我们发誓彼此相爱，无论环境好坏、无论贫穷富足、无论生病健康。”根据上下文逻辑可知设空处引导时间状语从句，且从句谓语动词为瞬间动词，故答案为As或When。 7．If　句意：如果我们对仅仅记住几条规则就感到满意的话，那我们就不是真的在学习这门语言。根据语境此处应该是考查条件状语从句，所以要用if引导。 8．than　句意：地震安全非常重要，与防止建筑物倒塌相比，还有更多的事情要做。根据本句中的more可以设空处填than。 9．Since　句意：既然他已决定来看你，你认为他什么时候来呢？since从属连词，既然。 10．since；before　句意：——自从我上次见你到现在已经很长时间了。——是的，真遗憾！还得很长时间我们才会再次见面。“It is＋一段时间＋since...”意为：自从……到现在已经有一段时间了。“It will be＋一段时间＋before...”意为：还得有一段时间才会……。 三.语法填空 Shaanxi kuaiban is a traditional Chinese form of storytelling in the Shaanxi dialect to the rhythm of bamboo clappers. In June, it 1.________ (recognize) as an intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) at the national level. It can be performed by a group or alone. The art form can date back to the late Qing Dynasty. According to its performers, the art was 2.________ (origin) used by farmers to share their knowledge and earn money. 3.________ now, more people perform Shaanxi kuaiban on different occasions—for example, at a great many festival 4.________ (celebrate), parties and art shows. Yang Jinlong, 46, is an 5.________ (experience) Shaanxi kuaiban artist. He was introduced to the art form by his father, an amateur performer, when he was 6, and often went with him 6.________ (watch) kuaiban performances. “As a young boy, I was attached 7.________ the art form because many of the stories are about heroes. The performer tells stories while playing kuaiban, and it is easy for the audience to remember the stories since all the lines rhyme，” Yang said. Since 2003, he 8.________ (teach) the art form to young people. “Art education is playing 9.________ important role in students in China. Just as many students learn to play Western musical instruments, there are many people 10.________ (learn) traditional Chinese folk arts, including Shaanxi kuaiban，” Yang said. 【语篇解读】　本文主要讲述了国家级非物质文化遗产陕西快板及其传承人王金龙的学艺经历和为传播传统文化所做的努力等。 1.was recognized　动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，recognize在句中作谓语。结合时间状语In June可知，时态用一般过去时；主语it (Shaanxi kuaiban)和recognize之间形成了被动关系；主语为第三人称单数。所以空处填was recognized。 2.originally　副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰谓语动词，应用副词originally。 3.But/Yet　连词。结合语境可知，前后句之间形成了转折关系，所以空处填But/Yet，注意首字母大写。 4.celebrations　名词复数。分析句子结构可知，空处与后面的名词复数parties和art shows形成并列关系，根据空前的a great many也可判断空处填名词复数celebrations。 5.experienced　词形转换。分析句子结构可知，空处应填形容词修饰后面的名词artist，结合语境可知此处表示“经验丰富的”，所以空处填experienced。 6.to watch　非谓语动词。本句的第二个谓语动词是went, watch在句中为非谓语，结合语境“经常跟他一起去看快板表演”可知此处表目的，所以空处填不定式to watch。 7.to　介词。be attached to...“非常喜欢……，依恋/爱慕……”，是固定表达。 8.has been teaching/has taught　动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。teach在句中作谓语动词，根据时间状语Since 2003可知，时态用现在完成时或现在完成进行时；主语he和teach之间为主动关系；主语he为第三人称单数。所以空处填has been teaching/has taught。 9.an　冠词。play an important role in “在……发挥重要作用”，是常用搭配。 10.learning　非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语动词是are, learn在句中为非谓语，与逻辑主语many people之间是主谓关系，所以空处填learning。 It’s no secret that some criminals have a habit of buying expensive and powerful cars to spend 7690388 their ill-gotten wealth. But when they are caught by the police, what happens to these cars? The Police of the Czech Republic(捷克共和国）had an idea with a Ferrari 458 Italia. Instead of destroying(销毁)it, which is what some countries used to do with criminals' cars. the police turned it into something more useful: a police service car. Announced by the Police of the Czech Republic, the car has started its service. It will be driven only by specially trained police officers. And it will be used in some special situations such as running after the most dangerous criminals on Czech highways. According to the police. the car has cost around $14.000 to be changed into what it is today. That's around the price of a new Skoda Scala. Around $5,400 of that amount was spent getting the car running as it was stored for 10years. The car is painted blue and yellow, which are the regular colors of Czech police cars. Besides.it has received several devices(装置）.including a new camera system, a radio, a special warning light, and a word“ POLICE”. It will also come with a speed gun later. The Czech Republic Police announced that the Ferrari 458 Italia wasn't the most valuable car it had seized(没收). In 2021. the police seized almost 900 cars—most of them were sold to cover the damage caused by criminals. 1.How did some countries use to deal with criminals' cars? 2.How much did the police spend on the Ferrari in total? 3.Why did the police paint the Ferrari blue and yellow? 4. How many cars did the police seize In 2021? 5.What does the passage mainly talk about? 长难句分析 原句：（最后一段第一句)The Czech Republic Police announced that the Ferrari 458 Italia wasn't the most valuable car it had seized. 译文：捷克警方宣称，这辆法拉利458 Italia并不是他们没收的最贵的车。 分析：这是一个复合句。that the Ferrari 458 Italia wasn't the most valuable car it had seized为that引导的宾语从句，作announced的宾语；在该宾语从句中，it had seized 为省略了引导词的定语从句，修饰先行词 the most valuable car. 译文 一些罪犯习惯购买价格高昂、性能强悍的汽车来挥霍他们的不义之财，这已经不是什么秘密了。但当他们被警察抓住时，这些车会被怎么处理呢？ 对于收缴的法拉利 458 Italia，捷克警方想出了一个主意。一些国家过去通常会销毁罪犯的车，但捷克警方并没有这样做，而是把它变成了更有用的东西：一辆执勤警车。 捷克警方宣布，该车已开始服役。它只能由受过专门训练的警察驾驶。同时，它将用于一些特殊情况，例如在捷克公路上追赶最危险的罪犯。 根据警方的说法，他们大约花了1.4万美元才把这辆车改装成今天的样子。这大约是一辆斯柯达Scala新车的价格。让这辆已存放10年的车运转起来大约花费了5400美元。 这辆车被漆成蓝色和黄色，这是捷克警车的常规颜色。此外，它还被安装了一些装置，包括一个新的摄像系统、一个收音机、一个特殊警示灯和一个“警察”字样的贴条。之后，捷克警方还会为其配备测速枪。 捷克警方宣称，这辆法拉利458Italia并不是他们没收的最贵的车。2021年，警方查获了近900辆汽车，其中大部分被出售以弥补犯罪分子造成的损失。 答案详析 1. By breaking them down.根据第二段中的“Instead of destroying it, which is what some countries used to do with criminals' cars"可知，一些国家过去会销毁罪犯的车。 2. About $14.000.根据第四段第一句“According to the police, the car has cost around $14.000 to be changed into what it is today.”可知，警方称大约花了1.4万美元才把这辆车改装成今天的样子。第四段最后一句提到让这辆车运转起来大约花费5400美元，这部分费用是包含在总费用1.4万美元之中的。 3. To show it is a police car.根据倒数第二段第一句“The car is painted blue and yellow, which are the regular colors of Czech police cars.”可知，黄色和蓝色是捷克警车的颜色，故推测捷克警方把它涂成黄色和蓝色是为了表明它是一辆警车。 4. almost 900 cars。根据最后一段的内容可知In 2021. the police seized almost 900 cars，由此可推知，2021年警察抓获了大约900辆车。 5. Czech police changed a Ferrari into a police car. 通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了捷克警方把其没收的一辆法拉利改装成警车的事情，故C项正确。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 衔接点15 状语从句 （初高考点差异及衔接） 初中要求 初中简单学习时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、比较和方式状语从句 高中要求 高中状语从句可以表示时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、比较和方式等。在复合句中起状语的作用，用于修饰主句中的谓语动词、形容词和副词等。 【初中状语从句考点聚焦】 一．选择题 1.I will try my best to help you， 　　　I don’t know what to start with yet.  A.whether　　　 B.since C.though　　　　 D.until 2.　　　 astronauts go on spacewalks， they wear spacesuits to keep themselves safe.  A.Though　　　　 B.Till C.When　　　 D.Unless 3.—It is impossible to finish the difficult task in such a short time on my own 　　　both of us work together.  —No problem. Let’s start! A.if　　　　 B.but C.because　　　 D.unless 4.Dad sometimes goes to the supermarket with us 　　　　he hates going shopping.  A.because　　　 B.so C.though　　　 D.if 5.You need to practise speaking every day 　　　you hope to improve your spoken English.  A.if　　　　 B.although C.unless　　　 D.until 6.Mary shut the window just now 　　　she could keep the insects out.  A.so that　　　　 B.when　　　　 C.till　　　 D.after 7.　　　we’ve made the promise， let’s keep to it and not give up easily.  A.Whether　　　　 B.Since　　　　 C.Though　　　　 D.Unless 二．填空题 1.Ann was 　　　　　　 moved that tears filled her eyes. She said thanks and hugged Lily.  2.　　　　　　 her friends came to their house, Kendall Rae enjoyed sharing what she knew about farming.  3.I've always wanted to work in an art museum 　　　　　　(自从) I visited the Louvre Museum in 2018.  4.Don't trouble trouble 　　　　　　(直到) trouble troubles you.  5.Dad offered to take us to the ancient city of Pompeii. I didn't really want to go 　　　　　　 I had no interest in old cities.  6.Lance was so excited 　　　　 he got everything ready when Nathan got home.  【高中状语从句考点聚焦】 考纲解读 状语从句在复合句中起状语的作用，用于修饰主句中的谓语动词、形容词和副词等。状语从句一般由连词引导，连词不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。状语从句也可以由短语引起，也有时不需要连词而直接和主句连接起来。状语从句多位于句首或句尾。位于句首时，一般要用逗号与主句隔开；位于句尾时，一般不与主句隔开。根据意义上的不同，状语从句可以表示时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、比较和方式等。 典型例句：1.It will not be long before we meet again.用不了多久我们会再见面的。 （时间状语从句） 2.I got up early so that I caught the bus.我起得很早，所以我赶上了公共汽车。 （结果状语从句） 考点清单 一.表示时间的状语从句 时间状语从句常用的引导词 before在……之前 directly一……就…… by the time截至…… after在……之后 since自……以来 till/until直到…… when/while/as当……的时候 each time/every time每次 the moment立刻，马上 no sooner...than...一……就…… once一旦……就…… instantly一……就…… as soon as一……就…… immediately一……就…… hardly...when...一……就…… scarcely...一……就…… whenever/no matter when无论何时 1.before before的意思是“在……之前”，常用来引导时间状语从句。 句型：It is/was (not)+时间+before+从句 It will (not) be+时间+before+从句 It was one year before he finished his work.过了一年他才完成了他的工作。 It was not long before he finished his work.过了不久，他就完成了他的工作。 It will be three weeks before he finishes his work.要过3周，他才能完成他的工作。 It won’t be long before he finishes his work.用不了多久，他就会完成他的工作。 2.by the time by the time的意思是“截至……（时间）”，可以引导时间状语从句。by the time引导的从句若是一般现在时，主句要用将来完成时；若是一般过去时，主句则要用过去完成时。 By the time you receive this letter,I will have left this city for my hometown. 你收到这封信时，我将已经离开这座城市回家乡了。 I shall have finished it by the time you come back.你回来以前我就把它做完了。 说明：这两个句子从句用一般现在时，主句用将来完成时。 By the time I got there,the bus had already left.等我到那里时，公共汽车已开走了。 She had finished cleaning by the time I arrived.在我到达之前，她就已打扫完卫生了。 说明：这两个句子从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。 必背：“by+时间”还可以构成各种短语，在句子中作时间状语。 by then截至那时 by nine o’clock截至9点钟 by the end of last year截至去年年底 by last year截至去年 by the end of next year截至明年年底 3.once once作连词引导时间状语从句时，意思是“一旦……就……”。 Once you understand the rules of the game,you’ll enjoy it. 一旦你了解了这个游戏的规则，你就会喜欢它。 Once you begin,you should go on.一旦开了头，你就应该继续下去。 注意：once引导状语从句时，若从句的主语和主句的主语一致，有时可以将从句的主语和be动词省略。 Once (it is) printed,the book will be very popular.这本书一旦付印，肯定很受欢迎。 Once (it is) found,any mistake must be corrected.一旦发现任何错误就必须加以改正。 Once having made a promise,you should keep it.一旦做出承诺，你就应该遵守诺言。 4.as soon as和no sooner...than等 as soon as，no sooner...than，hardly/scarcely...when/before，immediately，directly等连词及连词短语的意思都是“一……就……”。当主句是一般将来时，as soon as引导的从句要用一般现在时。no sooner...than，hardly...when/before，scarcely...when/before等引导的从句常用一般过去时，主句往往和过去完成时连用；为了加强语气，主句还可以用倒装语序。 They will post the tickets to me as soon as they receive my check. 他们收到我的支票后就立刻把票寄给我。 He will be set free as soon as the fine is paid.只要交了罚款，他就会被释放。 说明：这两个句子的主句是一般将来时，as soon as引导的从句要用一般现在时。 I gave the alarm as soon as I saw the smoke.我一看见冒烟，就发出了警报。 Immediately she had gone,I remembered her name.她刚走开我就想起了她的名字。 The fans cried as soon as they saw the movie star.追星族们一看见这位影星就喊了起来。 =The fans had no sooner seen the movie star than they cried. =The fans had hardly seen the movie star when they cried. =The fans had scarcely seen the movie star when they cried. =No sooner had the fans seen the movie star when they cried. =Hardly had the fans seen the movie star when they cried. =Scarcely had the fans seen the movie star when they cried. As soon as I got home,it began to rain.我刚一到家，就下起雨来了。 重要：“一……就……”还可以用the moment表示，这句话还可以转换为： The moment I got home,it began to rain. =I had no sooner got home than it began to rain. =I had hardly got home when/before it began to rain. =I had scarcely got home when/before it began to rain. =No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. =Hardly had I got home when/before it began to rain. =Scarcely had I got home when/before it began to rain. 补充：“on+名词/doing”结构也相当于as soon as引导的时间状语从句。 Please report to reception on arrival.到达后请立即到接待处报到。 On arriving home,he discovered they had gone.他一到家就发现他们已经走了。 5.whenever和no matter when等 whenever相当于no matter when，意思是“无论什么时候”；every time/each time的意思是“每次”。 Whenever I visited him,he was not at home.我无论何时拜访他，他都不在家。 =No matter when I visited him,he was not at home. Whenever I come up to Tianjin,I call at my teacher’s home.每次到天津我都要去拜访我的老师。 =No matter when I come up to Tianjin,I call at my teacher’s home. =I call at my teacher’s home each time I come up to Tianjin. Whenever I see this picture,I think of my hometown. 无论什么时候我看到这幅图片，我都会想起我的家乡。 =No matter when I see this picture,I think of my hometown. =Each/Every time I see this picture,I think of my hometown. 1.I had just finished my housework ________ I heard cries for first aid the other day. A. as B. while C. since D. when 2.They were walking along the shore _______ a huge wave appeared out of nowhere, sweeping them out to sea. A. while B. as C. when D. since 3.I was ________ them about my travels ________ she broke in with a story of her own. A. to tell; while B. about to tell; when C. was going to; while D. telling; while 4.Children who don’t have the skills to deal with difficult situations may be at a disadvantage ______ with real dangers. A. when have faced B. when to face C. when faced D. when facing 5.While _____________ in the street, he met his old friend by chance. A. to walk B. walking C. walked D. having walked 6._______ the day went on, the weather got worse and worse and ______ the time going on, we had to put on more and more clothes. A. With, as B. Since, with C. As, with D. While, when 7.Tom said he would stick to his assumption ______ evidence was presented to prove he was mistaken. A. on condition that B. until C. as long as D. providing 8.Patrick waited ________ all the luggage was cleared, but his never appeared. A. until B. before C. when D. while 9.I have heard a lot of good things about you ________ I came back from abroad. A. since B. until C. before D. when 10.It is almost three months __________ we became a senior student of Bashu Secondary School. A. before B. since C. after D. when 二.表示地点的状语从句 地点状语从句表示地点、方位，通常由连词where和复合关系词wherever（相当于no matter where）引导。 1.where where作连词引导地点状语从句时，意思是“在/向……的地方”。 You should have put the book where you found it.你本来应该把书放回原来的地方。 You’d better make a mark where you have any questions.哪儿有问题，你就在哪儿做个记号。 =Where you have any questions,you’d better make a mark. We must camp where we can get water.我们必须在能找到水的地方露营。 Where they went,they were warmly welcomed.他们走到哪里都受到热烈的欢迎。 比较：where引导的地点状语从句与定语从句的区别 引导定语从句时，where是关系副词，在从句中作地点状语，其前面有表示地点的先行词，where引导的从句修饰先行词。引导状语从句时，where是从属连词，它引导的从句修饰主句的谓语动词，where前面没有表示地点的先行词。 Bamboo grows best in places where it is warm and where it rains often. =Bamboo grows best where it is warm and where it rains often. （where引导定语从句，引导地点状语从句。） 温暖而多雨的地方最适合于竹子生长。 有时，where引导的地点状语从句兼有抽象条件含义，可放在主句的前面；而where引导的定语从句则不能放在主句的前面。 Where there is water,there is life.有水的地方就有生命。（where引导地点状语从句。） 2.wherever wherever相当于no matter where，意思是“无论到哪里，无论在哪里”。wherever引导的地点状语从句多位于句首。 Wherever he goes,he always takes a notebook with him.无论走到哪里，他总是带着一个笔记本。 Wherever there is smoke,there is fire.无风不起浪。 Wherever he may be,he will be happy.无论在什么地方，他都会快乐的。 =No matter where he may be,he will be happy. 三.表示原因的状语从句 原因状语从句常用的引导词 because因为 since既然 now that既然 as由于 seeing (that)由于，因为，鉴于 considering (that)考虑到，鉴于 1.because because的意思是“因为”，表示直接原因，语气最重，常用来回答why（为什么）引导的特殊疑问句。 A:Why were you late for school this morning?你今天早晨上学为什么迟到了？ B:Because I got up late.因为我起床晚了。 I want to do it myself because I like it.我想亲自做这件事，因为我喜欢它。 （正）He is disappointed because he failed again.因为他又失败了，所以他感到失望。 （误）So he is disappointed because he failed again. 切记：尽管在汉语中“因为……，所以……”常一起使用，但在英语中because不能和so连用。 The museum won’t be open this week because it is under repairs. 博物馆本周不开放，因为他正在修缮中。 2.since since的意思是“既然”，表示对方已知道的事实和理由，语气比because弱。 Since you’re not interested,I won’t tell you about.既然你不感兴趣，那我就不告诉你了。 Since no one is against it,we’ll pass it.既然没人反对，那我们就通过了。 Since you can’t answer the question,I’ll ask someone else. 既然你回答不出这个问题，那我就问别人了。 3.as as的意思是“由于”，表示较为明显的原因，语气较弱。 As it is snowing,you’d better take a taxi.下雪了，你最好乘出租车。 As you request it,I will come.由于你的要求，所以我会来。（语气较缓和） =I’ll come because you request it.（语气很强） As she had no car,she stayed at home.她因为没车而留在家里。（语气较缓和） =She stayed at home because she had no car.（语气很强） 比较：because，since，as和for的区别 都可译为“因为”，但在语气上，because最重，其次是since，as，for。 because，since，as都是从属连词。而for是一个并列连词，用来附带解释说明前一分句的原因或理由，for引导的并列句，一般放在所要说明的句子的后面。 because引导的原因状语从句一般放主句后面，也可放主句前面；since和as引导的从句则通常位于句首；for不能位于句首，只能置于句中，且前面要用逗号与前一分句分开。 I went to see him,for I had something to tell him.我去见他，因为我有事要告诉他。 4.now what，seeing that和considering that now that的意思是“既然”，seeing that的意思是“由于，因为，鉴于”，considering that的意思是“考虑到，鉴于”。 Now that they have taken matters into their hands,the pace of events has quickened. 他们既然已着手自己来处理问题，事态的进展也就加快了。 Now that you are a man,you must not do such a thing.既然你是个男子汉，就不要做这样的事了。 Now that you are well,you can work.既然你已经好了，你可以工作了。 Seeing that he’s been off sick all week,he is unlikely to come today. 由于他请病假整整一周了，所以今天不太可能来。 She knows quite a lot about it,considering (that) she is very young. 鉴于她年龄小，她懂得的已经很多了。 四.表示条件的状语从句 条件状语从句常用的引导词 in case万一 unless除非 as/so long as只要 if如果 provided (that)如果 providing (that)如果 suppose (that)如果 supposing (that)如果 on condition (that)如果 1.if和unless if的意思是“如果”。unless的意思则是“除非……；如果不……”，相当于if...not...，有时二者可以换用。 If you have any questions or comments,you can voice them now. 你们如果有任何疑问或意见，可以现在提出。 If we interfere with nature,we will have to deal with the consequences. 如果我们干预自然，我们将不得不应付后果。 If you don’t eat meat,this tour is not for you as the Inuit live on animals,birds and fish. 如果你不吃肉，那这种旅行就不适合你，因为因纽特人以动物、鸟和鱼为主食。 =Unless you eat meat,this tour is not for you as the Inuit live on animals,birds and fish. 除非你吃肉，否则这种旅行就不适合你，因为因纽特人以动物、鸟和鱼为主食。 If you don’t visit him tomorrow,he will be angry.如果你明天不去看他，他会生气的。 =Unless you visit him tomorrow,he’ll be angry.除非你明天去看他，否则他就会生气的。 2.in case in case的意思是“万一，以防”，常用来引导条件状语从句。 Take a coat in case the weather turns old.带上一件外衣吧，以防天气转冷了。 Take some money with you in case you want to buy something. 带上些钱，万一你想要买一些东西呢。 Take a taxi in case you are late for the meeting.坐出租车去，免得开会迟到。 I’ll leave you my phone number in case you want to contact me. 我把我的电话号码留给你，万一你要和我联系呢。 You’d better be ready in case he comes.你最好有所准备，万一他来呢。 比较：“in case+从句”和“in case of+名词”都表示“以防，万一”。 They won’t be able to go to the park in case it rains. =In case of rain they can’t go to the park.万一下雨，他们就不能去公园了。 in that case意为“如果是那样的话”。 In that case,he would be punished.要是情况如此，他将会受到惩罚。 （表示假设条件，he would be punished是虚拟语气。） Will Li Ming attend the party?In that case,I won’t attend it. 李明会参加聚会吗？若是那样的话，我就不参加了。 3.as long as和so long as as long as和so long as的意思都是“只要”。 I’m sure we are safe as long as (we are) in his care.我深信只要在他的保护下，我们就会平安无事。 He will surely finish the job on time as long as he’s left to do it in his own way.只要让他用自己的方式工作，他一定会按时完成这项工作的。 As/So long as we don’t lose heart,we’ll find a way to overcome the difficulty.只要我们不灰心，我们就能找到克服困难的办法。 You can go to see the film as/so long as you arrive at the cinema on time.你可以去看这场电影，只要你能按时到达电影院。 补充：as long as还可以作“……之久”讲。 Keep it as long as you can.你能把它保留多久，就保留多久。 4.provided (that)和supposing (that)等 条件状语从句还可以由provided (that)，providing (that)，suppose (that)，supposing (that)，on condition (that)等引导。 We shall sign the contract provided (that) there is no opposition. 如果没有反对意见，我们就在合同上签字。 He won’t be against us in the meeting provided (that) we ask for his advice in advance. 如果我们提前征求一下他的意见，他就不会在会上反对我们。 Providing there is no objection,we shall make a decision.如果没人反对，我们就决定了。 Suppose we offer more favourable terms,they will choose to cooperate with us.假如我们提供更优惠的条件，他们会选择与我们合作。 Supposing it rains,shall we visit the museum?倘若下雨，我们还去参观博物馆吗？ I can tell you the truth on condition that you promise to keep a secret.我可以告诉你真相，条件是你答应保守秘密。 5.条件状语从句的时态 在运用条件状语从句的时候，一定要注意主句和从句在时态上的一致。 A.主句是一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时 和时间状语从句一样，条件状语从句的时态也要注意和主句时态保持一致。大多数情况下，主句如果是一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时来表示，有时也可以用现在进行时和现在完成时。 He’ll be a doctor when he finishes studying here.他结束在这儿的学习之后，将会成为一名医生。 （时间状语从句） If it doesn’t rain tomorrow,we’ll start.明天如果不下雨，我们就出发。（条件状语从句） If you understand this rule,you will have no further difficulty.（条件状语从句） 你如果/一旦了解这个规则，就不会再有困难。 说明：有时可用once或as soon as代替if。 Once/As soon as you understand this rule,you will have no further difficulty. B.有时主句中用祈使句和情态动词来替代将来时态 If you get the book,let me know.如果你弄到了那本书，告诉我一声。（祈使句） If you drink,don’t drive.如果你喝了酒，千万别开车。（祈使句） If he feels like seeing the sights of the city,he can take a bus tour.（情态动词）如果他想看城市风光，他可以坐城市观光车。 If you like,you can stay here for the weekend.如果你愿意就留在这里过周末吧。（情态动词） C.如果主句谓语动词是want，hope等词，则条件状语从句用一般现在时 What do you want to do if you have much money?如果你有很多钱，你想要做什么？ I hope to see her if I’m free.如果我有空，我希望去看看她。 D.在有些句子中，主、从句都可用一般现在时 If you ring this number,no one answers.如果你打这个电话号码，不会有人接。 If you press the switch,the computer comes on.如果你按这个开关，计算机就会启动。 注意：有时if引导的从句也可以用will，但will表示意愿。 If you will go into the fields and turn over a few big stones,you will uncover a city of ant “people”. 如果你愿意到田野里去翻开几块大石头，你准会揭开一个蚁“民”的城市。 If you’ll just wait a moment,I’ll find someone to help you.如果你愿意等一会儿，我会找人来帮助你。 If you won’t go,you needn’t/won’t go.如果你不愿意去，那就不必去。 1.______we don't stop climate change， many animals and plants in the world will be gone． A. Although B. While C. If D. Until 2.It is believed that, ________, the situation will get worse. A. if it not dealt carefully with B. if only dealt carefully with C. if not carefully dealt with D. it is not carefully dealt with 3.________ you do more reading practice, I’m sure your English will be greatly improved. A. As well as B. As long as C. As far as D. Unless 4.One’s life has value _________ one brings value to the life of others. A. so that B. no matter how C. as long as D. except that 5.          you exercise regularly as well, you won't be able to lose weight only by eating less. A. Once B. When C. If D. Unless 6.________ they are extremely talented, it can be really hard for models with just a few years' experience to impress the big brands and win opportunities. A. As long as B. Unless C. Until D. In case 五.表示目的、结果的状语从句 目的状语从句常用的引导词 结果状语从句常用的引导词 that，so that，in order that (so) that，(so...) that，(such...) that， (so much/many...) that 1.so that so that的意思是“目的是……；结果……”，既可以引导目的状语从句，也可以引导结果状语从句。引导目的状语从句时，从句的谓语里常有can，could，may，might，will，would等情态动词。而引导结果状语从句时，则通常没有情态动词。 比较：The little boy saved every coin so that he could buy his mother a present on Mother’s Day. 小男孩把一枚枚硬币积攒起来，为的是能在母亲节给妈妈买一份礼物。（目的） The little boy saved every coin so that he bought his mother a present on Mother’s Day. 小男孩把一枚枚硬币积攒起来，在母亲节那天给妈妈买了一份礼物。（结果） 比较：He always studies hard so that me may make great progress.他总是努力地学习，这样他才会取得很大的进步。（目的） He always studied hard so that he made great progress.他总是努力地学习，结果他取得了很大的进步。（结果） 2.in order that in order that的意思是“以便……，为了……”。in order that和so that表示目的时一样，从句的谓语动词里常有can，could，may，might，will，would等情态动词。 She raised her voice in order that she might be heard.她把声音抬高以便与别人听见。 =She raised her voice so that she might be heard. in order that和so that与不定式in order to，so as to以及to表示目的时表达的意思一样，不过不定式表示目的时，句子是简单句。因此上一句还可表示为： She raised her voice so as to be heard. In order to be heard she raised her voice. She raised her voice in order to be heard. To be heard she raised her voice. She raised her voice to be heard. 比较：so as to不能位于句首；in order to和to的位置比较灵活，可以位于句首或句中。 3.so...that和such...that so...that和such...that的意思都是“如此……以至”，二者皆可引导结果状语从句，且含义相同，但用法有一定的区别。 句型：so+形容词/副词+that When the football fans saw Beckham,they got so excited that they cried out. 当球迷们看到贝克汉姆的时候，他们如此激动以至于大喊大叫。 He was so ill that we had to send for a doctor.他病得很重，我们只好给他请医生了。 He was injured so badly that he had to be sent to the hospital.他伤势很重，不得不送医院。 =So badly was he injured that he had to be sent to the hospital. 切记：当so位于句首时，主句的主谓要倒装。 The novel was so boring that he gave up reading it half way through. =So boring was the novel that he gave up reading it half way through. 这本小说非常乏味，他读了一半就不读了。 David was so careless that he didn’t find the mistakes in his test paper. =David was too careless to find the mistakes in his test paper. 戴维太粗心了，没发现他试卷中的错误。 She was so exhausted that she couldn’t move on. =She was too exhausted to move on.她疲惫得无法继续前进。 说明：如果so...that引导的结果状语从句是否定句，也可以用too...to...来表达相同的意思。 句型：such+a/an（+形容词）+单数可数名词+that =so+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+that It gave him such a shock that his face turned white.这使他如此震惊以至于他的脸色都变白了。 This is such a useful dictionary that I’m thinking of buying it. =This is so useful a dictionary that I’m thinking of buying it.这本字典很有用，我正打算买一本。 He is such a clever boy that all the teachers like him. =He is so clever a boy that all the teachers like him.他是如此聪明的一个男孩，所有的老师都喜欢他。 It was such an interesting film that I saw it twice. =It was so interesting a film that I saw it twice.这是一部很有意思的电影，我看了两次。 句型：such（+形容词）+不可数名词+that This book is written in such easy English that beginners can understand it.这本书是用浅易的英语写的，初学者都可以读懂。 He showed such concern that people took him to be a friend.他表现得如此关心以至于人们都把他当作朋友了。 （正）It’s such nice weather that all of us want to go to the park. （误）It’s so nice weather that all of us want to go to the park.多么好的天气啊！我们大家都想去公园玩。 注意：当不可数名词的前面有形容词much，little修饰时，要用so，而不用such。句型为“so+much/little+不可数名词+that”。 Such a little boy has so little difficulty in working out this difficult problem that I admire him very much.这样小的一个男孩解这道题所遇到的困难是如此之少，以至于我很羡慕他。 （第一个little意为“小”，因此前面用such修饰；第二个little意为“少”，因此前面用so修饰。） He had so much work to do that he had to work late into the night. 他有那么多工作要做，不得不工作到深夜。 句型：such（+形容词）+复数可数名词+that They are such difficult problems that I don’t know how to settle them.这些问题是如此复杂，以至于我不知道如何解决。 He made such a lot of mistakes in his maths exercises that he had to do them all over. 他做错了如此多的数学题，以至于不得不全部重新做。 （正）They are such fine teachers that we all hold them in great respect. （误）They are so fine teachers that we all hold them in great respect. 他们是非常好的老师，我们对他们极为尊敬。 注意：当可数名词前有形容词many，few修饰时，要用so，而不用such。句型为“so+many/few+复数可数名词+that”。 There are so few notebooks that I can’t give you any.笔记本太少了，我一本也给不了你。 There are so many kinds of bikes on sale at the market that I cannot make up my mind which to buy.市场上出售的自行车种类很多，我拿不定主意要买哪一种。 1.Mike is so _________ that he is welcome by most of his colleagues. A.kind people B. a kind people C. kind a man D. a kind man 2.See that big stone? Actually, it's such a big stone ________ no one can carry it. A. as B. which C. who D. that 3.It was ________ terrible weather that we had to stay at home. A. such B. so 六.表示让步的状语从句 让步状语从句常用的引导词 though/although虽然 no matter+疑问词（who/what/when/which/where/how）无论 even if/even though即使 whoever/whatever/whenever/whichever/wherever/however无论 1.though和although though，although都当“虽然”讲，二者都可与以yet或still连用，但不能与but连用。 Although he was worn out,he (still) kept on working. =Though he was worn out,he (still) kept on working. =He still kept on working though he was worn out. =He was worn out but he still kept on working.他虽然已经筋疲力竭了，但仍然继续工作。 注意：（正）it was not very cold although/though it was snowing.虽下着雪，但并不太冷。 （误）Although/though it was snowing,but it was not very cold. Although he was a child,he knew what was the right thing to do. =Though he was a child,he knew what was the right thing to do. =Child though he was,he knew what was the right thing to do. =Child as he was,he knew what was the right thing to do. 虽然他是一个孩子，但他知道该做什么。 Although you may object,I’ll carry out the experiment. =Though you may object,I’ll carry out the experiment. =Object as you may,I’ll carry out the experiment. 纵使你反对，我也要做这项实验。 Although he works hard,he makes little progress. =Though he works hard,he makes little progress. =Hard though he works,he makes little progress. =Hard as he works,he makes little progress.尽管他学习很努力，但几乎没取得什么进步。 说明：此二句采用了倒装语序，在这种倒装句中只能用as或though，不能用although。 2.even if和even though even if相当于even though，意思是“即使，尽管，虽然……也”，其所表达的意思比although更强烈。 We’ll make a trip even if/even though the weather is bad. 即使天气不好，我们也要作一次旅行。 You should try to be nice to him,even though you don’t like him. 即使你不喜欢他，也要尽量对他好些。 Even though/Even if it is raining,I’ll go to work.尽管下着雨，我也要去上班。 比较：even if和even though所引导的状语从句中，动词用虚拟语气时和用陈述语气时表达的意义有所不同。 Even if I were ill,I would attend the meeting.即使我生病了，我也要参加会议。 （虚拟语气，事实上我并没有生病。） Even if I am ill,I will attend the meeting.虽然我生病了，我也要参加会议。 （陈述语气，我现在的确生病了。） 3.“no matter+疑问词”和“疑问词-ever” “no matter+疑问词（who/what/when/where/which/how）”引导让步状语从句时，相当于whoever/whatever/whenever/wherever/whichever/however，它们可以互换，表达的含义是“无论……，不管……都……”。 no matter who=whoever（无论是谁） no matter what=whatever（无论什么） no matter when=whenever（无论何时） no matter where=wherever（无论何地） no matter which=whichever（无论是哪一个） no matter how=however（无论怎样） No matter who you are,you must keep the law. =Whoever you are,you must keep the law.不管你是谁，你都要遵纪守法。 No matter what you do,I will support you. =Whatever you do,I will support you.无论你做什么，我都会支持你。 No matter when she comes,she says the same words. =Whenever she comes,she says the same words.无论她什么时候来，她总是说同样的话。 No matter which you like best,you can have. =You can have whichever you like best.你可以拿你最喜欢的。 No matter how difficult it may be,we will overcome it. =However difficult it may be,we will overcome it.不管多么困难，我们都要克服。 1.Dreams in our heart will come true one day __________ we insist and keep making great efforts. A. as if B. unless C. even if D. on condition that 2.________ the old worker has limited technical knowledge, he has a lot of experience. A. Now that B. As though C. As for D. Although 3.________ they plant trees in this area every year, the tops of some hills are still bare(光秃秃的). A. Although B. Unless C. Since D. Once 4.Contrary to popular belief, the ants, hardworking _______ they are, have their time for play. A. because B. while C. as D. where 5.________ you have picked up, you must give it back to ________ it belongs to. A. Whatever; whoever B. What; no matter who C. No matter what; no matter who D. Whatever; no matter who 6.​_________ the difficulty, we should be optimistic and always keep a positive attitude towards life. A. Whichever B. Whatever C. No matter which D. What 7.----Director, I’ve finished my document.    ---- Good, and ________ you go home or stay in office, you mustn’t let out its secret. A. whenever B. whatever C. whether D. wherever 8.Mark needs to learn Chinese _______ his company is opening a branch in Beijing. A. unless B. until C. although D. since 9.You should be careful how you judge people ________ you cannot sum up a man's life in one moment. A. as though B. even though C. now that D. in that 七.表示比较的状语从句 原级 比较级 最高级 as...as，not so/as...as more...than the most...in/of... 1.more...than和the more...of... 句型：more...than ……比……更…… the more...of...（两者之中）比较……的 This film is more moving than that one.这部电影比那部电影感人。 This film is the more moving of the two films.这部电影是这两部电影中比较感人的。 This film is the most moving of the three.这部电影是这3部电影中最感人的。 说明：上方的三个句子分别表示了三种不同的意思： ①表示两部电影的比较。②表示从两部电影中选择了一部。 ③表示三部以上比较或从中选择。 2.“no+比较级+than”和“not+比较级+than” 句型：no+形容词/副词比较级+than（与……一样不） 对两者的否定，用于两者比较。 句型：not+形容词/副词比较级+than（不像/不如……一样） 表示程度上的差异，是普通的比较级结构。 She is no more diligent than her sisters. =Neither she nor her sisters are diligent.她们姐妹几个都不勤奋。 She is not more diligent than her sisters. =She is not as diligent as her sisters.她不如她的几个姐妹勤奋。 This fairy tale is no more interesting than that one. =Neither this fairy tale nor that one is interesting.这个童话和那个童话一样没趣。 This fairy tale is not more interesting than that one. =This fairy tale is not so interesting as that one.这个童话不如那个童话有趣。 重要：“A+动词+no more+B+than+C+动词+D”意为“A不是B，正如C不是D”。 We can no more leave the Party than fish can leave water. 我们不能离开党，正如鱼儿离不开水一样。 He’s no more fit to be a minister than a schoolboy would be. 小学生不适合当部长，他也不适合当部长。 A whale is no more a fish than a horse is.鲸和马一样，都不是鱼。 3.表示倍数的常用句型 句型：A+基数词+times as+形容词/副词原级+as+B A是B的几倍 This room is three times as large as that one.这间屋子是那间屋子的3倍大。 This red box is half as large as the blue one.这个红色盒子是那个蓝色盒子的一半大。 句型：A+基数词+times+名词/代词+of+B A是B的几倍 The age of my grandpa is four times the age of mine. =The age of my grandpa is four times that of mine. =My grandpa is four times as old as I.我爷爷的年龄是我的4倍。 句型：A+基数词+times+比较级+than+B A比B大（小，长……）几倍 This hole is five times deeper than that one.这个洞比那个洞深5倍。 =This hole is six times as deep as that one. =This hole is six times the depth of that one.这个洞是那个洞的6倍深。 4.形似比较级的固定搭配 句型：no more than+基数词（只不过，仅仅，只有） 具有感情色彩，含有“嫌少”的意思，不表示比较。 句型：not more than+基数词（至多，不超过） 客观地说明一个事实，没有感情色彩，不表示比较。 It is no more than ten minutes’ walk from the station to the hotel. 从车站走到宾馆只有10分钟的路程。（感觉路程短，带有感情色彩。） It is not more than ten minutes’ walk from the station to the hotel. 从车站走到宾馆只有10分钟的路程。（客观地说出事实，没有感情色彩。） I spent no more than five days reading the book. 仅仅用了5天，我就把这本书读完了。（强调时间短，带有感情色彩。） I spent not more than five days reading the book. 我用了不到5天的时间就把这本书读完了。（客观地说明一个事实，不带有感情色彩。） 八.表示方式的状语从句 表示行为方式的状语从句常由as，as if，as though，just as等引导，且多置于主句之后。有时，方式状语从句不用连词引导，而是用词或词组引导。 1.as引导方式状语从句时 通常作“依照……”，“像……一样，如……”等讲。 Always do to the others as you would be done by. 你希望别人怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。 He must do as the doctor advises. 他必须按照医生所说的去做。 Leave it as it is.维持现状。 He attended the meeting on time as he had been told to do. 他按照要求，准时出席了会议。 2.just as引导方式状语从句时 作“正如……”讲。 She went to the beach with me just as she had promised me to do. 正如她所许诺我的，她和我一起去了海滨。 I did it just as you told me.我正是按照你说的办的。 3.as if，as though引导方式状语从句时 作“似乎，好像”讲。状语从句的谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反。有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。 He paused as though he found some difficulty. 他停了停，仿佛遇到了一些困难似的。 I love you as if you were my daughter.我爱你就像你是我的女儿。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。） She closed her eyes as though she were asleep.她闭上眼睛，好像睡着了似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。） He acted as if he were brave.他装得好像很勇敢的样子。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。） He behaves as if he were a super star.他的举止就像一个巨星。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。） I feel as if I were floating on air.我感觉好像飘浮在空中一样。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。） It sounds as though the situation would get worse.听起来好像情况会恶化似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。） It looks as if it’s going to rain.看上去好像要下雨。（所说的情况很可能是事实，谓语用陈述语气。） 4.方式状语从句有时不用连词引导 He is behaving (in) the same way his father used to.他的行为和他父亲过去的行为一样。 We must manage to make it work in the way that we want it to.我们一定要设法让它按照我们所想的那样去做。 I was never allowed to do things the way I wanted to do them.我从来不曾获准按照自己的想法去做事情。 1.The doctor shares his phone number with the patients_______they need medical assistance． A. if only B. as if C. even though D. in case 2.I got enough money ready before leaving for the bookstore _______ I found many good books that could add to my collection. A. so that B. in case C. provided that D. only if 3.We should take advantage of an opportunity as soon as it exists, ____ it goes away and does not return. A. even if B. as if C. in that D. in case 一．单句填空 一 Economic development is necessary 1.　　　　　 we want to improve society. There comes a time 2.　　　　　 the old must give way to the new, and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future.  二 Nowadays, we can move around the world and still stay in touch with the people 1.　　　　　 we want to remain friends with. Social media tools let us see 2.　　　　　 our friends are up to and maintain friendships. All you need is a wi-fi connection.  三 I wake up to the sound of the wind buffeting the cloth of my tent. Even though the sun is brightly shining, telling 1.　　　　　 it is morning or night is impossible. I'm above the Arctic Circle, 2.　　　　　 in summer the sun never sets. Checking my watch, I see that it is 7:30 a.m.  四 I was one of the people 1.　　　　　 came from all parts of China to work on this railway. Taking years to complete, the Qinghai-Xizang Railway is a record of all of our efforts to overcome the most difficult engineering challenges. 2.　　　　　 we could protect the delicate ecosystem was among the top concerns.  五 The career suggestions are based on your education and experience level, but you can look at higher-level careers as well, 1.　　　　　 is very useful for high school students. For example, you could look at the basic careers to see 2.　　　　　 work you might like now, and then look at the more advanced careers so you know what you may like to aim for in the future.  六 Like his father, basketball star Dell Curry, Stephen spent many childhood hours playing on a muddy basketball court. You see, with every shot, the weak plastic backboard gave way. The bumps and rocks 1.　　　　　 lined the road under the basket caused the ball to bounce in all directions. Knowing 2.　　　　　 the ball would go wasn't easy. He had to adjust his own playing style as a result.  七 You're really going to love 1.　　　　　 is coming up next. It's the one and only Mona Lisa! The painting is a lot smaller than you would expect, and is protected by glass. But from here I can get a good view to show you. When I look into her eyes it seems she has a mind of her own! One moment she seems to be laughing at me, but then again I catch a sense of sadness in her smile. I guess that's 2.　　　　　 she attracts so many visitors every day.  八 A recent project used technology and data in the same way that Rembrandt used his paints and brushes. The end result, printed in 3D, was a new “Rembrandt painting” created 347 years after the artist's death. These advances are perhaps bringing us closer to a time 1.　　　　　 computers rather than humans create art. 2.　　　　　 technology will take art next is anyone's guess. But one thing is for sure—with so many artists exploring new possibilities, we can definitely expect the unexpected.  九 Organic farmers use many methods to produce rich soil. They often change the kind of crop grown in each field every year. For instance, they may grow corn or wheat in a field one year, and then grow beans there the next. 1.　　　　　 different crops are grown is because they put important minerals back into the ground, making it ready for the next batch of crops. Organic farmers also plant diverse crops 2.　　　　　 use different depths of soil to help keep it rich. For example, peanuts grow on the ground's surface, 3.　　　　　 many other vegetables put down deep roots.  十 1.　　　　　 impressed people most about Yuan Longping was his ongoing ability to fulfill his dreams. Long ago, he envisioned rice plants as tall as sorghum, with each ear of rice as big as a broom, and each grain of rice as huge as a peanut. He succeeded in producing a kind of rice 2.　　　　　 could feed more people at home and abroad.  二．单句语法填空 1.It has been separated from other continents for millions of years， it has many plants and animals that cannot be found anywhere else in the world. 2.I have never been to Rome that's the city I'd most like to visit. 3. there was no conclusive evidence，most people thought he was guilty. 4.More and more people are willing to shop online to get what they want，and I am one of them.I just can't help buying things I need them or not. 5.As we can see，developing a good habit is so important I would like to introduce one kind of good learning habit－keep a learning diary every day. 6. the wedding ceremony began，the couple nervously repeated their vows“We promise to love each other for better，for worse，for richer，for poorer，in sickness and in health”． 7. we are satisfied with only a few rules we have memorized，we are not really learning the language. 8.Earthquake safety is very important and there is more to it just keeping buildings from falling down. 9. he has decided to come to see you，when do you think he will come? 10.－It's a long time I saw you last. －Yes，and what a pity！It will be a long time we see each other again. 三.语法填空 Shaanxi kuaiban is a traditional Chinese form of storytelling in the Shaanxi dialect to the rhythm of bamboo clappers. In June, it 1.________ (recognize) as an intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) at the national level. It can be performed by a group or alone. The art form can date back to the late Qing Dynasty. According to its performers, the art was 2.________ (origin) used by farmers to share their knowledge and earn money. 3.________ now, more people perform Shaanxi kuaiban on different occasions—for example, at a great many festival 4.________ (celebrate), parties and art shows. Yang Jinlong, 46, is an 5.________ (experience) Shaanxi kuaiban artist. He was introduced to the art form by his father, an amateur performer, when he was 6, and often went with him 6.________ (watch) kuaiban performances. “As a young boy, I was attached 7.________ the art form because many of the stories are about heroes. The performer tells stories while playing kuaiban, and it is easy for the audience to remember the stories since all the lines rhyme，” Yang said. Since 2003, he 8.________ (teach) the art form to young people. “Art education is playing 9.________ important role in students in China. Just as many students learn to play Western musical instruments, there are many people 10.________ (learn) traditional Chinese folk arts, including Shaanxi kuaiban，” Yang said. It’s no secret that some criminals have a habit of buying expensive and powerful cars to spend 7690388 their ill-gotten wealth. But when they are caught by the police, what happens to these cars? The Police of the Czech Republic(捷克共和国）had an idea with a Ferrari 458 Italia. Instead of destroying(销毁)it, which is what some countries used to do with criminals' cars. the police turned it into something more useful: a police service car. Announced by the Police of the Czech Republic, the car has started its service. It will be driven only by specially trained police officers. And it will be used in some special situations such as running after the most dangerous criminals on Czech highways. According to the police. the car has cost around $14.000 to be changed into what it is today. That's around the price of a new Skoda Scala. Around $5,400 of that amount was spent getting the car running as it was stored for 10years. The car is painted blue and yellow, which are the regular colors of Czech police cars. Besides.it has received several devices(装置）.including a new camera system, a radio, a special warning light, and a word“ POLICE”. It will also come with a speed gun later. The Czech Republic Police announced that the Ferrari 458 Italia wasn't the most valuable car it had seized(没收). In 2021. the police seized almost 900 cars—most of them were sold to cover the damage caused by criminals. 1.How did some countries use to deal with criminals' cars? 2.How much did the police spend on the Ferrari in total? 3.Why did the police paint the Ferrari blue and yellow? 4. How many cars did the police seize In 2021? 5.What does the passage mainly talk about? 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$