衔接点18 阅读理解 （初高考点差异及衔接）-2024年初升高英语无忧衔接（通用版）

衔接点18 阅读理解（初高考点差异及衔接） 初中要求 会以“社会服务与人际沟通”“科学与技术”“人与自我”范畴。结合社会热点、模范人物的事迹、等素材考查对语篇理解能力和分析判断能力。阅读理解题通常可分类为“细节理解题”“主旨大意题”“词义猜测题”与“推理判断题”。不同的考查目的，会有不同的设题特点，可使用不同的解题技巧。 高中要求 阅读理解文本主要为说明文、应用文和记叙文。 从题型数量来看,阅读理解第一节试题类型以细节理解题为主,设有6~10题;其次是推理判断题,设有3~6题;最后是主旨大意题(段落主旨和文章主旨)和推测词义题(猜测词义和代词指代),分别设有1~2题。 同时,从各题型在各体裁文本的分布来看,A篇主要以细节理解题为主,大部分试题可以在某一个段落中直接找到与选项对应的词或句子。B篇、C篇和D篇文本难度提高,注重考查学生的高阶思维,以逻辑推理为主,具有良好的区分度,需要考生依据文本主旨大意和相关段落内容进行合理推断。 【初中阅读理解考点聚焦】 一．细节理解题 方法一：排除干扰项法 Now your kids can try these devices at the smart home show in our community science center from August 1st to August 14th… Opening Hours: 1：00 p．m.—9：00 p．m., from Tuesday to Sunday, closed on Monday. (　　)When can a visitor enter the science center? A. On Monday morning. B. On Sunday morning. C. On Monday afternoon. D. On Sunday afternoon. 方法二：同义转换法 For safety, you must use our new baskets only. A basket alone costs 5 yuan. It holds about 2 kg of strawberries and a basket of strawberries is priced at 50 yuan in total. (　　)The farm provides new baskets ________. A. to cut down the cost B. to protect the environment C. to keep customers safe D. to carry more strawberries 方法三：细节推敲法 Pretty cool, right? It's not surprising that people in other cities have got in touch with Laura, hoping that she could help develop similar projects for their communities. (　　) People in other cities would like Laura to ________. A. find a truck driver B. visit their communities C. give away food to them D. help develop projects like hers 二．推理判断题 方法一：针对文章段落内容的判断 For Jerry, this kind of adventure is most satisfying. “Such adventures had made us see life in a different way. Now, being the best climber isn't important for me. What matters is doing something helpful while climbing the mountains. There is still much more we can do，” Jerry said to a newspaper. (　　) Jerry's and his friends' adventures have changed ________． A. their hobbies B. their friendship C. their understanding of life D. their living conditions 方法二：针对文章来源的判断 We are known for our delicious strawberries. We invite you to visit the farm and enjoy our fresh products and great farming experiences. We'll try our best to create a safe open­air environment for our customers… (　　) The instructions are most probably from ________. A. a farm owner B. a teacher C. a news reporter D. a customer 方法三：针对文章读者的判断 Bullying(欺凌) can happen to anyone. A great many children around the world are bullied every year, but there are things that can be done to help… What can you do? If someone is not kind to you, tell an adult that you know and like. For example, talk to a parent or a teacher. (　　)This passage is mainly written for ________. A. teachers B. parents C. children D. the police 方法四：针对文章目的的判断 In our daily life, robots are often found to do work that is too dangerous, boring, difficult, or dirty. And we often see kids play with toy robots. But what exactly is a robot? There are some important characteristics(特征) that a robot must have. These characteristics might help you to decide what is and what is not a robot. (　　)What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To help people understand what a robot is. 　 B. To tell what a robot can do in our life. C. To describe the movement of a robot. 　 D. To introduce the history of robots. 三．词义猜测题 方法一：语境推断法 Although Jerry had achieved great success, he didn't feel fulfilled. He asked himself, “Is it enough to climb the highest mountains? Am I doing something helpful? How can I turn my adventures into something that can help the world？” (　　)What does the underlined word “fulfilled” in Paragraph 2 mean? A.Satisfied. B. Lonely. C. Patient. D. Worried. 方法二：定义法 Intelligence A robot needs some kind of “smarts” . A programmer is the person who gives the robot its “smarts”. The robot will have to have a certain way to receive the program so that it knows what it is to do. (　　)The Chinese meaning of “Intelligence” in the last paragraph is ________. A.能源 B. 勤奋 C. 智能 D. 外观 方法三：构词法 However, from 2012 to 2016, poaching(偷猎) and illegal trade in the elephants increased rapidly. Eighty­three elephants were lost in 2015 alone, and another fifty-one elephants were killed in 2016. “If this situation goes on, all the Gourma elephants will be killed by 2020，” said a member of MEP. (　　)What does the word “illegal” in Paragraph 4 mean in Chinese? A.公平的 B. 亏损的 C. 非法的 D. 合理的 方法四：通过生活常识猜测词义 Lisa let the hairdresser trim her hair a bit because it grew too long. What does the word “trim” mean in Chinese? 方法五：通过列举事例猜测词义 My name is Tom. I want to join a club in my school. I'm not famous(著名的) now, but maybe l can be famous someday. I can't sing or dance or act, but I can do many other things. I can play three kinds of instruments: the guitar, the violin and the drums. think I can be in the music club. Maybe I can be a famous musician. like to read storybooks and| can write stories. Maybe I can be a famous writer like sports too,but l am not good at sports.Can I join you? What's the meaning of the underlined word“instruments” in Chinese? A.乐谱 B.乐器 C.乐章 D.琴 四．主旨大意题 第一步：定位主题句，弄懂文章中心思想。 方法一：开门见山：主题句出现在文首，这种结构主要是为了开门见山，先提出主题，然后围绕主题用细节来解释、论证或发展主题思想。 方法二：藏头露尾：主题句出现在文尾，这种结构往往是先阐述细节，然后归纳要点，得出结论，概括主题。 方法三：卧虎藏龙：主题句隐含在全文中，没有明确的主题句。阅读这样的文章，要求学生根据文章的细节来分析、概括、推导出文章的主题。具体方法是：明确各个段落的内容以及它们之间的逻辑关系，寻找核心词和高频词，然后加以归纳形成主题。 第二步：比对选项，排除干扰项。 主旨大意题的正确选项需要具有概括性，不能以偏概全或是泛泛而谈；选择文章最佳标题，要注意标题需具有概括性、针对性和醒目性，标题要囊括文章的主要内容，指向文章的主要特点。 When Laura saw her school dining hall throw away food that was not eaten at all every day, she came up with an idea. She started a project to help her school dining hall to give away uneaten food to homeless shelters(庇护所) in her community. In the past three years, the same project has spread to other schools and some fast food restaurants throughout the city. The project is called Feed & Find, and has already fed thousands of people in her city． How does it work? Through an app, Feed & Find matches local homeless shelters with school dining halls and restaurants that have uneaten food to provide… Still, this project is a clever way to help solve the problem of food waste and it helps those in need． (　　)Which can be the best title for this passage? A. A Dining Guide App B. A Food Sharing Project C. A Driving Service App D. A Food Safety Project 分类训练一　应用文 　　When it's hot outside and we have to go out, surely we want to keep cool. We can put on hats, wear light clothing, or stay at a cool place. However, nothing can beat a good fan. Now I'll show you how to make a good DIY(Do It Yourself) paper fan. What to prepare Please prepare two pieces of paper. All paper will work, but your DIY fan can be used for a long time with quality(优质的) paper. Then get glue, two sticks, etc. How to make a DIY fan The first step is to draw pictures on the paper. Just draw anything you like. The next step is to fold up(折叠) the paper. Then glue the two pieces of folded paper together. After that, paint the sticks. The final step is to glue the sticks onto the folded paper. And everything is done. If you look at your watch, you will be surprised: it takes less than 15 minutes to make a good paper fan. Then you can fold it up and drop it in your bag. When you are out in the heat next time, just take it out and enjoy the gentle wind. 1.Which is the best way to keep cool according to paragraph 1? A.Putting on hats. B.Using a good fan. C.Wearing light clothing. D.Staying at a cool place. 2.Why is quality paper a good choice to make a fan? A.It is light. B.It is colorful.　　　 C.It lasts long.　　　 D.It looks beautiful. 3.What is the second step of making a paper fan? A.Painting the sticks.　　　 B.Drawing pictures on the paper. C.Folding up the paper.　　　 D.Gluing the sticks onto the folded paper. 4.From the last paragraph, we can tell that making a paper fan is 　　　.  A.quick B.difficult　　　 C.boring D.strange 5.What is the purpose of this passage? A.To sell paper fans.　　　 B.To show how to save time. C.To share a fun story.　　　 D.To teach how to make paper fans. 语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文,文章主要介绍了自己动手制作纸扇所需的材料和步骤等。主题语境属于“人与自我”范畴中“做人与做事”这一主题群,涉及子主题“勤于动手,乐于实践,敢于创新”。 1.B　细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“However, nothing can beat a good fan.”可知,用一把好的扇子是保持凉爽的最好方法,故选B。 2.C　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“All paper will work, but your DIY fan can be used for a long time with quality paper.”可知,用优质的纸张制作的扇子可以用很长一段时间,故选C。 3.C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第三句“The next step is to fold up the paper.”可知,第二个步骤是把纸折叠起来,故选C。 4.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“If you look at your watch, you will be surprised: it takes less than 15 minutes to make a good paper fan.”可知,制作一个好的纸扇用时不到15分钟,说明很快,故选A。 5.D　写作目的题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了自制纸扇所需的材料和步骤等,所以文章的主要目的是教我们如何制作纸扇,故选D。 分类训练二　记叙文 Come on, Amy. You must TRY HARDER. Amy told herself silently. She was in her class's Second-Day-of-School Game with her teammates, whom she only met yesterday. This was her first chance to make new friends, and she was nervous. So far Amy hadn't given any useful suggestions—after all, she was totally new to this town. Luckily, no one seemed to care about it. This relaxed her a lot. Since the Blue Team left the park, they had worked out the first two clues(线索) and had been to the post office. Now they were in front of the cinema. Henry was reading aloud the third clue: Go to our town founder's last resting place. I know THIS ONE! Amy thought, excited. “To the cemetery(墓地),” Cindy said. “No, wait!” Amy said. “I've read about it. The founder was buried near the library.” “Wow. I've walked by every day,” Tyler said. “Never knew that!” “Good job! That will save valuable time,” Cindy smiled at Amy. “We still need to hurry,” Tyler reminded, pointing to the Yellow Team coming near. “I know a shortcut!” Henry suggested. “Follow me!” No one moved. “No, seriously,” Henry said. “You know I'm always running late. I know every shortcut in town.” The others finally agreed. A few sharp turns, and they were there! This time Amy read the clue aloud: Now go to the place where the football is running around! “The football stadium!” They called out together and started to run. ... Now they'd got the final clue: Look where you've been, and see where you are. Use your map wisely and you'll be a star! Looking closely at the map, everyone thought hard. “Aha! A star!” Cindy suddenly broke the silence. She quickly took out a pencil. As they watched her drawing lines on the map, everyone understood. They began running back to where they started. They were closer and closer, and finally crossed the finish line—just one step behind the Red Team! “So...close...” Tyer made a face, and they all laughed together. “Nice job, new girl,” Cindy gave Amy a high-five. “That was really fun,” said Henry. “I hope we'll be on the same team soon.” “Me, too,” Amy agreed, smiling. 1.What does the beginning of the story tell us about Amy? A.She didn't want to play the game.　　　 B.She was a new student in her class. C.She was a member of the Red Team. D.She didn't understand the game rules. 2.Why did the team let Henry lead the way at last? A.He ran fastest in the team. B.They didn't know the way. C.They trusted his rich experience.　　　 D.He was best at playing the game. 3.Where was the finish line of the game? A.In the park.　　　 B.Next to the post office. C.In front of the cinema.　　　 D.Outside the library. 4.Why did Amy smile at the end of the story? A.Her team came in first.　　　 B.She was accepted as a friend. C.She no longer felt nervous.　　　 D.There would be a game soon. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。Amy很想在新的环境中交到朋友,于是她利用游戏的机会和同学们团结合作,最后获取了同学们的接纳。主题语境属于“人与社会”范畴中“社会服务与人际沟通”这一主题群,涉及子主题“同伴交往,相互尊重,友好互助”。 1.B　细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句“She was in her class's Second-Day-of-School Game with her teammates, whom she only met yesterday. This was her first chance to make new friends, and she was nervous.”可知,她和同学昨天刚刚见面,是班里的新学生,她很想利用游戏的机会交到新朋友,因此选项A表述错误,选项B正确;根据文章倒数第五段第二句“They were closer and closer, and finally crossed the finish line—just one step behind the Red Team!”可知,她所在的队和红队是竞争对手,她不是红队的成员,故选项C错误;根据Amy在游戏中出色的表现可知,她对游戏规则非常熟悉,故选项D错误。综上所述,应选B。 2.C　细节理解题。根据第十二段“‘No, seriously,’ Henry said. ‘You know I'm always running late. I know every shortcut in town.’The others finally agreed.”可知,大家之所以最后让Henry领路是因为Henry对镇里的每条捷径都很熟悉,经验丰富,故选C。 3.A　推理判断题。根据文章倒数第五段“They began running back to where they started. They were closer and closer, and finally crossed the finish line...”可知,终点线在游戏开始的地方。结合文章第三段中的“Since the Blue Team left the park, they had worked out the first two clues”可知,游戏是从公园开始的,即终点线就在公园,故选A。 4.B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二、三段可知,Amy获取了同学们的接纳,成了他们的朋友,故选B。 分类训练三　说明文 　　Some animals can easily find their way home after a long journey. How do they make it? Scientific research shows that they are born with certain unusual abilities for direction. A certain kind of ant, for example, can count their steps to avoid getting lost. They can go as far as 110 metres and bring food home. These ants live in the open desert(沙漠), so they have nothing to guide them along the way. It's like someone walking six kilometres through a dark forest. Some fish have an unbelievable sense of smell. They can smell even a single drop of their home water in a large sea area. Some sea birds have a similar ability. They are able to make a smell map of their flying area. Some animals can sense the earth's magnetic field(磁场), while humans can't. This magnetic field guides a certain kind of fish when they swim a long way to a place and then back. How can this kind of fish do that? It is still a mystery. Scientists have no good answers yet. However, animals with such unusual abilities still have difficulty dealing with environmental changes caused by human activities. For example, many birds depend on stars for direction, but they get lost easily at night when city lights are kept on all night. To solve this problem, we can simply turn off some lights at night. Clearly, one small act of humans may mean a lot to animals. 1.Where is this passage most probably from? A.A storybook.　　　 B.An art magazine. C.A guidebook.　　　 D.A science magazine. 2.How can a certain kind of ant find their way? A.By imagining the way.　　　 B.By counting their steps. C.By bringing food together.　　　 D.By walking through a forest. 3.What does the underlined word “mystery” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A.Secret.　　　 B.Choice.　　　 C.Reason.　　　 D.Feeling. 4.What are people advised to do according to the last paragraph? A.To help animals.　　　 B.To travel at night. C.To keep city lights on.　　　 D.To develop unusual abilities. 5.Which can be the best title for the passage? A.Birds' Sense of Light　　　 B.Fish's Sense of Smell C.Animals' Sense of Direction D.Animals' Sense of Magnetic Field 语篇解读　本文是一篇科学研究报告,研究发现一些动物天生具有某些不同寻常的方向感,但人类的活动对它们这种能力造成了影响。主题语境属于“人与自然”范畴中“自然生态”这一主题群,涉及子主题“动物的特征与生活环境”。 1.D　文章出处题。通读全文,由本文的中心句,即第一段最后一句“Scientific research shows that they are born with certain unusual abilities for direction.”可知,本文是一篇有关动物的方向感的科学研究报告,因此文章最有可能出现在科学杂志上,故选D。 2.B　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“A certain kind of ant, for example, can count their steps to avoid getting lost.”可知,这种蚂蚁可以计算自己的步数以避免迷路,故选B。 3.A　词义猜测题。根据后一句“Scientists have no good answers yet.”可知,科学家还没有好的答案,说明这仍然是个谜,secret意为“奥秘”,故选A。 4.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句“To solve this problem, we can simply turn off some lights at night. Clearly, one small act of humans may mean a lot to animals.”可知,作者认为人类小小的行动可能对许多动物影响很大,所以建议人们行动起来帮助动物,故选A。 5.C　标题归纳题。通读全文,尤其是本文的中心句“Scientific research shows that they are born with certain unusual abilities for direction.”可知,文章通过举例,说明了动物有非同寻常的方向感,C选项Animals' Sense of Direction符合主旨,故选C。 【高中阅读理解考点聚焦】 考纲解读 　 阅读理解文本主要为说明文、应用文和记叙文。 从题型数量来看,阅读理解第一节试题类型以细节理解题为主,设有6~10题;其次是推理判断题,设有3~6题;最后是主旨大意题(段落主旨和文章主旨)和推测词义题(猜测词义和代词指代),分别设有1~2题。 同时,从各题型在各体裁文本的分布来看,A篇主要以细节理解题为主,大部分试题可以在某一个段落中直接找到与选项对应的词或句子。B篇、C篇和D篇文本难度提高,注重考查学生的高阶思维,以逻辑推理为主,具有良好的区分度,需要考生依据文本主旨大意和相关段落内容进行合理推断。 考点清单 a注重观察和研究阅读文本的特点,合理推断试题答案 各体裁文章特点不一,考生要注意观察各体裁文本的不同特点,在此基础上对试题答案进行推断。例如应用文的写作目的多出现在文章开头,偶尔也会出现在文章结尾;科普说明文的第一段多说明文章主旨——研究发现;议论文的每段第一句话多为主题句,其他句子多为细节句。 b培养良好的阅读习惯,确保阅读理解的有效性 每篇文章的3~4个试题均围绕文章主旨设计,所以不管文章是否有主旨大意题,考生都要善于归纳总结,分析每篇文章的主旨大意和篇章结构。另外,对细节理解题和推理判断题的选项进行个性化标记,例如画下划线、画圈等,便于匹配题干和文本相关的句子或段落,通过对四个选项的对比分析找到答案。 同时,C篇和D篇词汇量较大,含有较多的长难句,考生要能快速识别关键信息,培养化繁为简的能力,画出长难句的主干成分,简化复合句,快速准确地理解文本信息,准确解答试题。 c选用恰当的阅读理解做题方法,提高阅读理解解题的准确率 阅读理解第一节有两种解题方法,各有利弊,考生可依据个人习惯和认知特点选择使用。第一种方法:浏览问题——有目的地阅读文本——解答问题,这种方法阅读速度较快,但是准确率较低。第二种方法:快速浏览文本——浏览问题——再读文本——解答问题,这种方法解题时准确率较高,但是解题速度较第一种缓慢。 d依据个人水平,确定四篇文章的做题顺序和数量 考生要依据个人英语水平和认知特点确定阅读理解第一节四篇文章的做题顺序,可以按照四篇阅读理解的排列顺序做题,即ABCD。但是如果熟悉C篇和D篇的知识背景,也可以优先做C篇和D篇。同时考生也要根据个人英语水平,敢于“取舍”。基础薄弱的学生可选取2~3篇文章重点突击,确保准确率,对于难度较大的文章要敢于取舍。 一 Prince William, second in line to the British throne, gave his first TED Talk on Saturday to launch his Earthshot Prize, a competition that will award five £ 1 million prize money every year for the next decade to those who can come up with solutions to environmental problems. Any person, group or organization around the world is qualified, and any suggestion is welcome, so long as it is applicable globally. It could be a new technology, a new approach, a new governmental policy or any other ideas toward five environmental goals -fixing the climate, purifying the air, protecting nature, cleaning oceans and handling waste. "Earthshot" was inspired by John F. Kennedy's "Moonshot," an ambitious 1961 mission to get a man on the moon within a decade. The purpose of the prize is partly to arouse excitement and offer what Prince William called “a bit of catalyst, a bit of hope, a bit of positivity" at a time when the world needs. The money will come from donors around the world. The prize committee includes many celebrities. Prince William has environmental activism in his blue blood. Both his grandfather, and his father Prince Charles were active environmentalists. Prince William acknowledged his heritage by saying he had always listened, learned and believed what they were saying about the environment. Besides speaking wise words, he also puts forward a good prize. Over a million pounds is significantly more than a Nobel Prize and should inspire some serious and creative thinking about the difficulties of Planet Earth. Unlike the Nobel Prize money, the Earthshot money is supposed to be spent on the winning project. “If we achieve these goals, by 2030 our lives won't be worse, and we won't have to sacrifice everything we enjoy. Instead, the way we live will be healthier, cleaner, smarter, and better for all of us," he said. 1. What can be learned about The Earth shot Prize? A. It will be awarded to Britons. B. It aims to solve social problems. C. It is named after a moon mission. D. It offers £ 50 million in total. 2. A person can win the prize for_________. A. a method to monitor sea levels B a new technology to forecast the weather C. a new approach to recycling the waste D. a local government policy to ban fishing 3. What does the underlined word "catalyst" in paragraph 3 mean? A. Encouragement. B. Alarm. C. Challenge. D. Surprise. 4. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Earthshot Prize equals Nobel Prize. B. Planet Earth will be cleaned by 2030. C. Prince William only talks the talk. D. Prince William is influenced by his family. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A 4. D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了威廉王子由于受到家人的影响，也很关心环境问题，并设立了一个奖项“Earthshot Prize”用来奖励那些能够有效解决某些环境问题的人。 1.细节理解题。根据第一段“Prince William, second in line to the British throne, gave his first TED Talk on Saturday to launch his Earthshot Prize, a competition that will award five £ 1 million prize money every year for the next decade to those who can come up with solutions to environmental problems.(英国王位第二继承人威廉王子于上周六发表了他的首次TED演讲，宣布设立“Earthshot Prize”。在未来十年里，该奖项每年将向那些能想出环境问题解决方案的人颁发500万英镑的奖金)”可知，该奖项单人将获得500万英镑，总共十年，因此总奖金为5000万英镑，故选D项。 2.细节理解题。根据第二段“It could be a new technology, a new approach, a new governmental policy or any other ideas toward five environmental goals -fixing the climate, purifying the air, protecting nature, cleaning oceans and handling waste.(它可以是一项新技术、一种新方法、一项新的政府政策或任何其他旨在实现五个环境目标的想法——修复气候、净化空气、保护自然、清洁海洋和处理废物)”可知，一个人能够获得该奖项的条件是要提出一种循环处理废弃物的新方法，故选C项。 3.词句猜测题。根据第三段“The purpose of the prize is partly to arouse excitement and offer what Prince William called “a bit of catalyst, a bit of hope, a bit of positivity" at a time when the world needs. (设立该奖项的部分目的是在这个世界需要的时候激起人们的兴奋，并提供威廉王子所说的“一点catalyst，一点希望，一点积极性”)”可知，catalyst与hope(希望)，positivity(积极性)并列，其词性与含义都要与它们相近，表达正向的感觉，结合选项意思，A. 鼓励；B. 警告；C. 挑战；D. 惊喜，惊讶。最符合要求的是A项“鼓励”。故选A项。 4.细节理解题。根据最后一段“Both his grandfather, and his father Prince Charles were active environmentalists. Prince William acknowledged his heritage by saying he had always listened, learned and believed what they were saying about the environment. (他的祖父和父亲查尔斯王子都是积极的环保主义者。威廉王子承认自己的传统，他说他一直在倾听、学习和相信他们对环境的看法)”可知，威廉王子重视环保的思想是受到了他的家人的影响。故选D项。 二 “The past is a different country, they do things differently there,” L.P. Hartley wrote in one of his best-known novels, The Go-Between. To the British novelist, the past was irrelevant. And one of my Asian students once told me “I have no interest in the past. I’m only interested in the present and the future.” I have to disagree. “The past” is a very interesting country, and the more we know about it, the more we will be able to understand the present and thus, prepare ourselves for the future. An ideal place, as I see it, that can allow us to look back on the past is the museum. I prefer to visit museums as if you are sitting in the same room with some of the greatest men in history. While no museums can claim to offer a complete picture of human history, the lessons we can learn from the events and wonders of the past are of great value. Thanks to modern technology, museums are being transformed from places of looking and learning to spaces of participation and interaction. A large number of immersive(沉浸式)multi-media displays, which allow visitors to engage with its exhibits during their visit, play a big part at the Shanghai Natural History Museum. The rise in technology has also made museums more accessible than ever. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, traditional museums have started to think outside of the box in order to create new ways for visitors to experience their collections online. It is definitely good news for those who are fascinated by museums but are struggling to actually go there. However, you shouldn’t expect to get the same experience that an in-person visit would provide, at least, that is, for now. International Museum Day is observed on May 18 every year. This is a quick reminder that you should always spare some time to visit museums and appreciate the “must-see ‘em’ ” things that are an important part of the cultural heritage of humankind. 1. What does the writer think of “the past”? A. Different. B. Unrelated. C. Significant. D. Understandable. 2. Why is the museum an ideal place to look back on the past? A. It’s where the great minds once sat. B. It’s where to learn and reflect. C. It’s where to learn about previous events. D. It’s where to appreciate ancient wonders. 3. What does “outside of the box way” in paragraph 4 refer to? A. Allowing more in-person visits. B. Showing a complete picture of history. C. Adding multi-media displays. D. Offering online exhibits. 4. Which could be the best title for the text? A. Technology Revives Museums B. Observe International Museum Day C. Museums Are “Must-see ‘ems’ ” D. Visit Museums In-person or Online 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D 4. C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个能让我们回顾过去的理想场所，那就是博物馆。多亏了现代技术，博物馆正从观赏和学习的场所转变为参与和互动的空间。 1.推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句““The past” is a very interesting country, and the more we know about it, the more we will be able to understand the present and thus, prepare ourselves for the future.（“过去”是一个非常有趣的国度，我们对它了解得越多，就越能了解现在，从而为未来做好准备。）”可推知，作者认为“过去”有着重要的意义。故选C项。 2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句“While no museums can claim to offer a complete picture of human history, the lessons we can learn from the events and wonders of the past are of great value.（虽然没有博物馆能够提供人类历史的完整画面，但我们从过去的事件和奇迹中学到的教训是非常有价值的。）”可知，作者认为博物馆是一个能让我们回顾过去的理想场所，其原因是它是我们可以学习和反思的地方。故选B项。 3.词句猜测题。根据“outside of the box way”后的“in order to create new ways for visitors to experience their collections online.（为游客创造在线体验藏品的新方式）”可推知，“outside of the box way”是指自新冠肺炎疫情爆发以来，传统博物馆开始跳出固有思维，开始了线上展览的新模式（Offering online exhibits.）。故选D项。 4.主旨大意题。根据文章最后一句“This is a quick reminder that you should always spare some time to visit museums and appreciate the “must-see ‘em’ ” things that are an important part of the cultural heritage of humankind.（这是一个快速提醒，你应该经常抽出时间去参观博物馆，欣赏“必看之物”，它们是人类文化遗产的重要组成部分。）”结合全文可知，本文主要是介绍了博物馆是了解过去的重要地点，是必看之物，所以C项“Museums Are “Must-see ‘ems’ ”（博物馆是必看之物）”作为标题是最合适的。故选C项。 三 Millions of tons of electronic waste, known as e-waste, is produced ever year. In 2016, the world’s population make 49 million tons of electronic waste. It has been calculated that there will be more than 60 million tons by 2021. The amount of electronic waste is growing so rapidly that it has become a global problem that needs to be addressed. What is causing the upsurge(激增)in e-waste? Technology is becoming more and more widespread covering almost every aspect of our lives. Meanwhile, the lifespan of devices is getting shorter— many products will be thrown away once their batteries(电池)die, to be replaced by new devices. Companies update the design or software so quickly and it is usually cheaper and easier to buy a new product than to repair an old one. Since prices are falling, electronic devices are in demand around the world. As more people buy electronic equipment, manufacturers(制造商)are beginning to face shortages of the raw material needed to make their products, so recycling and reusing materials from discarded(废弃的)products and waste makes economic and environmental sense. Recycling e-waste is practiced both formally and informally. Formal e-waste recycling usually involves taking apart the electronics, separating and sorting through the materials and cleaning them. Companies must obey health and safety rules to reduce the health and environmental harm of handling e-waste by using pollution-control technologies. All this makes formal recycling expensive. With the amount of e-waste growing around the world, recycling alone will not be enough to handle the problem. In order to reduce e-waste, manufacturers need to design electronics that are safer, and more durable (耐用的)repairable. As a customer, you’d better get our old product repaired if possible and buy a new device only when you really need. 1. The underlined word “addressed” in paragraph 1 can be replaced by _________. A. reduced B. changed C. controlled D. solved 2. What is paragraph 2 mainly bout? A. The problems caused by the upsurge in e-waste. B. The reasons for e-waste’s sharp increasing. C. The bad effect of updating devices. D. The causes of devices’ price dropping. 3. What makes recycling e-waste meaningful according to the text? A. Improving the quality of e-devices. B. Lowering the costs of technology innovation. C. Relieving companies’ lacking raw materials. D. Increasing the variety of electronic products. 4. What does the author want to convey in the last paragraph? A. Recycling is the only way to reduce e-waste. B. Companies should be mainly responsible for reducing e-waste. C. Repairing a device is better than buying a new one. D. Everyone should take action to reduce e-waste. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C 4. D 【解析】本文为说明文。主要讲述由技术更新所带来的电子垃圾的危害及解决办法。 1.词义猜测题。根据上文“In 2016, the world’s population make 49 million tons of electronic waste. It has been calculated that there will be more than 60 million tons by 2021. The amount of electronic waste is growing so rapidly”（2016年，世界人口制造了4900万吨电子垃圾。据估计，到2021年，这个数字将超过6000万吨。电子垃圾的数量增长如此之快）可知，电子垃圾已经成为一个需要解决的全球问题。故划线词的意思是“解决”的意思。故选D项。 2.主旨大意题。根据第二段“What is causing the upsurge(激增)in e-waste?”（是什么导致了电子垃圾的激增?）以及下文的具体解释可知，第二段主要是关于电子垃圾急剧增加的原因。故选B项。 3.细节理解题。根据第三段“As more people buy electronic equipment, manufacturers(制造商)are beginning to face shortages of the raw material needed to make their products. so recycling and reusing materials from discarded（废弃的）products and waste makes economic and environmental sense.”（随着越来越多的人购买电子设备，制造商开始面临生产产品所需原材料的短缺。因此，从废弃产品和废物中回收和再利用材料具有经济和环境意义）由此可知，根据短文，缓解企业原材料短缺使回收电子垃圾有意义。故选C项。 4.推理判断题。根据最后一段“In order to reduce e-waste, manufacturers need to design electronics that are safer, and more durable(耐用的)repairable As a customer, you'd better get our old product repaired if possible and buy a new device only when you really need.”（为了减少电子产品的浪费，制造商需要设计出更安全、更耐用的电子产品。作为客户，如果可能的话，你最好修理我们的旧产品，只有在你真的需要的时候才买新设备）由此判断出，每个人都应该采取行动减少电子垃圾。故选D项。 四 Researchers say that they have understood the meaning of gestures that wild monkeys use to communicate.They say that wild monkeys can communicate 19 specific messages to one another with a “vocabulary” of 66 gestures.The scientists discovered this by following and filming groups of monkeys in Uganda, and examining more than 5,000 hours of recordings of these meaningful exchanges. Dr Catherine Hobaiter, who led the research, said that this was the only form of intentional (有意识的) communication to have been recorded in the animal kingdom.Only humans and monkeys, she said, have a system of communication with which they sent a message to another group member on purpose. Although previous research has shown that other animals can understand complex (复杂的) information from their partners’ call, they do not appear to use their voices intentionally to communicate messages.This was a significant difference between calls and gestures, Dr Hobaiter said. “They are the only thing that looks like human language in that respect,” she added. In one case, a mother presents her foot to her crying baby, meaning “Climb on me.” The little monkey immediately jumps on to its mother’s back and they travel off together.” The important message from this study is that there is another species out there that can communicate in a meaningful way, so that’s not unique to humans.” said Dr. Hobaiter. Dr. Susanne Shultz, a biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results were “a little disappointing”. “The limited ‘vocabulary’ of the gestures suggests either that the monkeys have little to communicate, or we are still missing a lot of the information bidden in their gestures and responses.” she said. “In addition, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animals communicate with their non verbal languages, So, it seems that difference still remains between human language and monkeys’ non verbal communication.” 1. According to Dr Hobaiter, only monkeys’ and humans can ______. A. memorize specific words B. understand complex information C. use voices to communicate D. communicate messages on purpose 2. What does the underlined word “They” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Calls B. Gestures. C. Messages. D. Voices. 3. What did Dr Shultz think of the study? A. It was well designed but poorly carried out. B. It was a good try but the findings were limited. C. The evidence was reliable but the conclusion isn’t new. D. The result was disappointing and the methods were wrong. 4. What is the main idea of the text? A. The communication skills used by animals. B. The smartest species in the animal kingdom. C. A study on monkeys’ communication gestures. D. A breakthrough in studying monkeys’ behaviors. 【答案】1. D 2. D 3. B 4. C 【解析】这是一篇说明文。作者主要介绍了对猴子的非口头交流的一项研究和结果，以及专家对这项研究的态度。 1.细节理解题。由文章第二段最后一句“Only humans and monkeys, she said, have a system of communication with which they sent a message to another group member on purpose.（只有人类和猴子有一个交流系统，用这个交流系统他们互相有目的地传递信息）”可知，Hobaiter博士认为只有猴子和人能有目的地交流信息，故选D项。 2.词句推测题。第二段第一句 “Although previous research has shown that other animals can understand complex(复杂的) information from their partners’ call, they do not appear to use their voices intentionally to communicate messages.（尽管先前的研究已经表明其他动物们能够从它们的父母的召唤中理解复杂的信息，但是它们似乎不能有目的地使用声音来交流信息）”以及该词所在句“They are the only thing that looks like human language in that respect (从那一方面而言，它们是唯一看起来与人类语言相像的东西)”可知，此处的they指的是声音，故选D项。 3.细节理解题。根据第五段“Dr. Susanne Shultz, a biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results were “a little disappointing（来自曼彻斯特大学的生物学家Shultz博士说研究在寻求丰富我们对动物语言的进化方面的知识这一点上是值得肯定的，她补充说，但是研究结果是有点令人失望的）”可知，她对该研究的态度是这是一次好的尝试，但是研究的发现不尽如人意，故选B项。 4.主旨大意题。由首段首句“Researchers say that they have understood the meaning of gestures that wild monkeys use to communicate.（研究者们说他们已经理解了野生猴子用来交流的手势的意义）”以及末段末句“So, it seems that difference still remains between human language and monkeys’ non verbal communication.（因此，似乎人类语言和猴子的非口头语言交流之间的差异仍然存在）”可知，本文主要介绍了对猴子的非口头交流的一项研究，故选C项。 一．应用文 Letter 1 　　Your article (November) mentioned a doctor's visit for“heat and compression”treatment. I bought an inexpensive microwaveable moist⁃heat eye compress online and use it for several minutes at bedtime to help open the oil glands. Plus, the warmth and ritual help me relax and fall asleep. No more messy washcloth compresses for me! —Julie Evans Minneapolis, Minnesota Letter 2 　　The Quality Inn in Kodak, Tennessee, turning into a shelter during a historic winter storm showed so much kindness that I read the story twice (November). For Sean Patel to open his hotel to locals in need during the storm and power outage, at Christmastime and for just $25 (the lowest price the corporate regulations would allow), was priceless. The town is a better place because of Patel and his staff. —Annette Wolfe Shelton, Connecticut Letter 3 　　You suggested using toothpicks to raise a pot lid and prevent the pot from boiling over (October). I prevent boilovers by just laying a wooden spoon over the open pot. The spoon will pop most of the bubbles on contact—hasn't failed me yet! —Pam Snellgrove LaGrange, Georgia Letter 4 　　The story about a snorkeler, Carter Viss, who lost his arm after getting hit by a speedboat (October) and then forgave the driver, was among the most compelling I've ever read. Here was a story of health and loss, sea and shore, healing and the hope to get out of darkness into light. Simply marvelous! —Leander Jones Northport, Alabama 1.Which of the following highlights Letter 1? A.We found a fix. B.Dealing with an eye problem. C.Run over by a speedboat. D.You have to read it twice. 2.Who forgave the driver after an accident? A.Annette Wolfe. B.Pam Snellgrove. C.Carter Viss. D.Leander Jones. 3.What do these four letters have in common? A.They are notes about past issues. B.They give advice on how to read. C.They are remarks on human virtues. D.They offer information about health. [语篇解读] 语篇类型:应用文。主题语境:人与社会。 主旨:选自《读者文摘》的四封信。 1.B　推理判断题。根据第一封信中“I bought an inexpensive microwaveable moist⁃heat eye compress online and use it for several minutes at bedtime to help open the oil glands. Plus, the warmth and ritual help me relax and fall asleep.”可推知“处理眼部问题”与第一封信有关。 2.C　细节理解题。根据第四封信中“The story about a snorkeler, Carter Viss, who lost his arm after getting hit by a speedboat (October) and then forgave the driver, was among the most compelling I've ever read.” 可知Carter Viss在事故后原谅了驾驶员。 3.A　细节理解题。根据图片内容“ANNIVERSARY ISSUE”(周年纪念特刊)以及四封信的具体内容可知,这四封信的共同之处是它们与前面的某期有关。 二 Things to Do with Kids in San Francisco Exploratorium The Exploratorium is a 21st⁃century learning lab. It takes the best part of a hands⁃on children's museum and mixes it with real science, exploration, and adventure. It is a fun and interesting place for children and adults alike. I would not recommend the Exploratorium for children under age 5. Palace of Fine Arts The Palace of Fine Arts is a great place to visit when the weather is nice. The gardens are beautiful and it's fun to walk around and explore. A lot of special events seem to be held here including weddings. The kids really enjoy walking around and taking pictures. San Francisco Cable Cars No trip to San Francisco would be complete without a ride on a cable car. The best line to pick is the Hyde Line because it is the longest. The best time to go is first thing in the morning because the lines can be long. Another tip is to ride mid⁃line. Or ride another two lines where they won't be as crowded. Boudin Museum and Bakery Tour The tour cannot be missed. You may be blown away by the enthusiasm and knowledge of your tour guide, the quality of the museum, hands⁃on and photography friendly exhibits, and the rich San Francisco history that is a part of Boudin Bakery. Don't miss taking the test to find out what kind of bread you are. It sounds silly but trust me, you'll want to take the quick quiz. 1.Which of the following can give kids hands⁃on science experience? A.The Palace of Fine Arts. B.The Exploratorium. C.Boudin Bakery. D.San Francisco cable cars. 2.What do we know about San Francisco cable cars? A.Few people like to ride them. B.Their round trips take a short time. C.They are running on three lines. D.They often break down on the way. 3.What can visitors do on their Boudin Museum and Bakery Tour? A.Learn to be a guide.　　 B.Hold special events. C.Walk around a garden.　　 D.Take an interesting test. [语篇解读] 语篇类型:应用文。主题语境:人与社会。 主旨:在旧金山和孩子们一起游玩的几个好去处。 1.B　细节理解题。根据Exploratorium部分中“It takes the best part of a hands⁃on children's museum and mixes it with real science, exploration, and adventure.”可知,the Exploratorium可带给孩子们亲自动手的科学体验。 2.C　细节理解题。根据San Francisco Cable Cars部分中“The best line to pick is the Hyde Line”和“Or ride another two lines”可知,San Francisco cable cars一共有三条路线。 3.D　细节理解题。根据Boudin Museum and Bakery Tour部分中“Don't miss taking the test to find out what kind of bread you are.”可知,游客可以做一个有趣的测试。 二·记叙文 一 　　A flight attendant's kindness towards a passenger with Parkinson's disease is appreciated on the Internet after a woman shared his story on social media. Sharon Radcliffe was on a Delta Air Lines flight from Detroit to Nashville last week when the flight attendant, Jeffrey Jones, discovered that an older woman in coach class struggled with the neurodegenerative disease. To Radcliffe's surprise, Jones immediately took the senior by the hand and brought her to an empty seat in first class. “For the ENTIRE flight, I could see him checking on her, patting her back, helping her get up, walking her (holding hands) up and down the aisle and generally taking good care of her,” Radcliffe wrote on Facebook. When Radcliffe asked if he needed any help caring for the woman, Jones simply said: “I got this.” “He told me his grandmother had Parkinson's and that he was all good, but that he very much appreciated my offer for help,” said Radcliffe. “As I sat in my seat, I literally had tears in my eyes.” Radcliffe, who works at a hospital in Marquette, Michigan, praised Jones for his kindness before she left the plane. Then, she posted the photos of Jones on Facebook where they have been shared thousands of times. As news agencies continued to pick up the story of Jones's sympathy, the flight attendant also turned to social media to express his thankfulness for the experience. “All of the positive comments, shares, feedback, etc. have been an amazing and humbling experience for me,” wrote Jones. “And thank you to Delta for showcasing my story, which happens to be one of thousands upon thousands of good deeds and hearts we as flight attendants perform and share every day in and out of the air.” 1.How did Jones deal with the older woman? A.He followed Radcliffe's instructions. B.He took care of her skillfully and attentively. C.He turned to doctors on the flight for help. D.He provided her with professional treatment. 2.What can we learn about Radcliffe from the story? A.She assisted Jones in the caring. B.Her grandmother was a Parkinson's sufferer. C.She has appreciative eyes for kindness. D.She contributed the story to the newspaper. 3.What was Jones's response to the comments on the Internet? A.He was totally surprised. B.He believed he deserved it. C.He felt his life was disturbed. D.He thought he was somewhat overpraised. 4.Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A.A Post Is Widely Shared on Facebook B.Flight Attendant Takes the Senior to First Class C.Medical Treatment Is Performed in the Air D.Flight Attendant Gives a Hand to a Parkinson's Sufferer [语篇解读] 语篇类型:记叙文。 主题语境:人与社会。主旨:空乘人员Jeffrey Jones对一名帕金森病患者的善良行为在互联网上得到了赞赏。 1.B　细节理解题。根据第二段中“see him checking on her, patting her back, helping her get up, walking her (holding hands) up and down the aisle and generally taking good care of her”可知,Jones熟练而细心地照顾那位年长的妇女。 2.C　推理判断题。根据第三段中“Radcliffe...praised Jones for his kindness...posted the photos of Jones on Facebook”可知,Radcliffe有一双欣赏善良的眼睛。 3.A　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“All of the positive comments, shares, feedback, etc. have been an amazing and humbling experience for me”可知,Jones对网上的评论感到惊讶。 4.D　主旨要义题。根据第一段“A flight attendant's kindness towards a passenger with Parkinson's disease is appreciated on the Internet after a woman shared his story on social media.”结合文章讲述的事件的经过以及Jones对此的看法可知,D项“空乘人员帮助一位帕金森病患者”是最符合文章的标题。 二 　　I live in Xizhou in Yunnan Province, on the Ancient Tea Horse Road. I have to admit that when I first heard that Paul Salopek was going to walk the entire globe on his own two feet, I was blown away. I couldn't imagine that there could be such an unusual person in the world. Last May, I met Paul. He told me that it was his first time in China. He talked to me with great excitement about the history, migrations, and discoveries in my region of China. He spoke of the Silk Road, the travels of the 17th⁃century Chinese explorer Xu Xiake, the Ancient Tea Horse Road and the early 20th⁃century American botanist Joseph Rock. He also talked of Xuanzang. Paul considered many of them heroes and in a sense Chinese pioneers of slow journeys. I decided to accompany Paul on his walk toward Yunnan. On September 28, 2021, we set out. Our days were simple: walk, eat, sleep, and repeat. We woke up at sunrise, set off in high spirits, and rested at sunset, dragging ourselves into exhausted sleep. We met many people on the road. Some were curious, surrounding us and watching us; some gave us directions; some invited us into their home to take a rest; some spoke of the charm of their hometown. We met many beautiful souls, simple souls and warm souls. We were walking with our minds. 　　Together, we were impressed by the biodiversity of the Gaoligong Mountains. As I walked on ancient paths through the mountains, I seemed to hear the voices of past travelers urging me to be careful on the road. Looking back on the more than 200 miles I walked with Paul, I came to a realization. Walking for its own sake is only a small part of the benefit of moving with our feet. A deeper reward is rediscovering the world around us, shortening the distance between each other, and sharing each other's cultures. 1.How did the writer first respond to Paul's travel plan? A.Scared.　　 B.Puzzled. C.Disappointed.　　 D.Surprised. 2.What can we learn about Paul Salopek from paragraph 2? A.He was a western journalist. B.He had a knowledge of China. C.He came to China several times. D.He was Joseph Rock's acquaintance. 3.What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us about the writer and Paul? A.They honored the ancestors. B.They set off in high spirits. C.They satisfied the locals' curiosity. D.They built bonds with people. 4.What is the main purpose of the writer's writing the text? A.To share and reflect on a journey. B.To suggest a new way of travel. C.To advocate protection of biodiversity. D.To introduce and promote Chinese culture. [语篇解读] 语篇类型:记叙文。 主题语境:人与社会。 主旨:作者和用双脚环游地球的保罗·萨洛佩科在路上的见闻和感悟。 1.D　细节理解题。根据第一段中“I was blown away. I couldn't imagine that there could be such an unusual person in the world.”可推知,作者最初对保罗的旅行计划感到吃惊。 2.B　细节理解题。根据第二段中“about the history, migrations, and discoveries...the travels of the 17th⁃century Chinese explorer Xu Xiake, the Ancient Tea Horse Road and the early 20th⁃century American botanist Joseph Rock...talked of Xuanzang” 可知,保罗·萨洛佩科对中国有一定的了解。 3.D　主旨要义题。根据第四段中“Some were curious, surrounding us and watching us; some gave us directions; some invited us into their home to take a rest; some spoke of the charm of their hometown.”可知,第四段主要说明了作者和保罗与人们建立了联系。 4.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段的描述可推知,文章的目的是分享和思考一段旅程。 三 　　Officer Jonathan Smith, 30, was called to Bond Lake near Lewiston, New York, after receiving reports of a little dog that had fallen into the lake about 50 yards from the shore. In this heart⁃in⁃mouth footage (镜头) captured by a fellow officer's bodycam (随身摄像头), the brave police officer threw off some equipment before dashing out onto the ice without any caution for his own safety. The owner had been walking the 10⁃month⁃old dog around the lake on January 5 when Kona spotted a distant flock of geese landing on the water and ran towards them. Horrified, Kona's owner watched as the dog fell into the freezing water at the edge of the ice. In an email to Lewiston Police Department the owner wrote: “Although she is a strong swimmer, there was zero chance of her getting back out onto the ice and she began to panic and tire quickly.” The witness nearby called 911 right away, and 15 minutes later Officer Smith and two other officers from the Police Department arrived. Without hesitation or rescue equipment the officer removed his uniform and gun belt and ran over the ice towards the exhausted dog. When he got close enough to her, Officer Smith grabbed the dog and pulled her from the water so she was able to run back over the ice to her owner. “Kona and I and everybody that loves her are extremely grateful for his selflessness and courage,” the owner wrote. “His professionalism and bravery should be applauded. I have witnessed countless acts of selfless heroism. Officer Smith's actions rank high in my book.” The owner was an author, who has written many books. Lewiston Police Department posted the bodycam footage from the rescue on their Facebook page, along with the message from Kona's owner. 1.Why did the dog Kona run to the lake? A.The owner asked Kona to do it. B.Kona wanted to play on the ice. C.A gunshot frightened Kona into doing it. D.A flock of geese excited Kona's curiosity. 2.What is Kona's owner? A.A rescuer.　　 B.A policeman. C.A writer.　　 D.A photographer. 3.Which of the following can best describe Officer Smith? A.Strong and skilled. B.Brave and selfless. C.Successful and hopeful. D.Outgoing and generous. 4.What's the best title of the text? A.A Policeman Rescued a Dog Struggling in a Frozen Lake B.Lewiston Police Department Received an Unusual Email C.A Story Between a Dog and Geese D.The Act of Selfish Heroism [语篇解读] 语篇类型:记叙文。 主题语境:人与社会。 主旨:一名警察不顾自身安危勇敢地救出了一只在冰冷的湖中挣扎的小狗。 1.D　细节理解题。根据第二段中“when Kona spotted a distant flock of geese landing on the water and ran towards them”可知,Kona之所以跑向湖,是因为那群鹅引起了它的好奇心。 2.C　细节理解题。根据第五段中“The owner was an author, who has written many books.”可知,Kona的主人是一名作家。 3.B　推理判断题。根据第五段中“His professionalism and bravery should be applauded. I have witnessed countless acts of selfless heroism. Officer Smith's actions rank high in my book.”可推断出,这名警察是勇敢的、无私的。 4.A　主旨要义题。本文主要讲述了一名警察不顾自身安危勇敢地救出了一只在冰冷的湖中挣扎的小狗的故事。 三·说明文 一 Women Pioneers Who Changed the World Ali Stroker Ali Stroker took the theater world—and, indeed, the very Internet—by storm when, on June 9, 2019, she became the first performer in a wheelchair to take home a Tony Award. After becoming the first actor in a wheelchair in Broadway history in 2015, she won the award for her powerful performance in Rodgers and Hammerstein's Oklahoma! Susan B. Anthony 　　Susan B. Anthony participated in her first women's rights conference in 1852. Over the next 54 years, she published The Revolution, gave speeches, called the first women's suffrage convention in Washington, D.C.(1869), and was arrested for voting (1872). She was also a vocal advocate for abolishing slavery, improving workers' rights, higher education for women, and training standardization and registration for nurses. Anna Bissell In 1889 Anna Bissell became the CEO of a company, making her the first female CEO in America. She traveled around the country selling sweepers and making deals with major retailers to carry the Bissell brand. Eventually, she took the brand international. She was also one of the first company heads to give workers pension plans. Malala Yousafzai When terrorists began seizing power in her hometown and attacking girls' schools, Yousafzai gave a speech defending her and all women's right to an education. She continued to speak out even after her cover was blown and the terrorists issued a death threat. In 2012, a masked gunman boarded the bus and shot her in the head. She survived. In 2014, she became the youngest person to win the Nobel Peace Prize. 1.What is Ali Stroker noted for? A.Her efforts to win a prize. B.Her Broadway background. C.Her special art performance. D.Her wheelchair to perform in. 2.Which word can best describe Anna Bissell? A.Doubtful.　　 B.Devoted.　　 C.Stubborn.　　 D.Outgoing. 3.Who made a great contribution to the education for women? A.Ali Stroker and Anna Bissell. B.Ali Stroker and Malala Yousafzai. C.Susan B. Anthony and Anna Bissell. D.Susan B. Anthony and Malala Yousafzai. [语篇解读] 语篇类型:说明文。主题语境:人与社会。主旨:四位对世界做出贡献的女性先驱。 1.C　细节理解题。根据文章Ali Stroker部分中“she became the first performer in a wheelchair to take home a Tony Award”及“After becoming the first actor in a wheelchair in Broadway history in 2015, she won the award for her powerful performance in Rodgers and Hammerstein's Oklahoma!”可知,Ali Stroker以其特别的艺术表演而闻名。 2.B　推理判断题。根据文章Anna Bissell部分中“She traveled around the country selling sweepers and making deals with major retailers to carry the Bissell brand. Eventually, she took the brand international.”可知,Anna Bissell是一位尽职于事业的女性。 3.D　细节理解题。根据文章Susan B. Anthony部分中“She was also a vocal advocate for abolishing slavery, improving workers' rights, higher education for women, and training standardization and registration for nurses.”及Malala Yousafzai部分中“Yousafzai gave a speech defending her and all women's right to an education”可知,Susan B. Anthony和Malala Yousafzai两位女性对女性教育做出了巨大贡献。 二 　　Nature has developed the emotional state we call anger to help us stay alive. Anger energizes us to prepare us for action. It can be used either in productive ways or just the opposite. When we feel energized by anger, we might ask ourselves how we put this energy to the most productive use. Perhaps the most helpful thing to remember about anger is that it is a secondary emotion. A primary feeling is what is felt immediately before we feel angry. We might first feel afraid, attacked, offended, trapped, or disrespected. If any of these feelings are intense enough, we think of the emotion as anger. Generally speaking, secondary feelings do not identify the unmet emotional need. When all I can say is “I feel angry”, neither I nor anyone else knows what would help me feel better. A helpful technique, then, is to always identify the primary emotion. Assume someone wants us to do something we prefer not to do. At first, we feel a little pressured, but not enough to get angry. When they keep pushing us, we begin to get irritated. If they continue, we get angry. Such anger damages relationships. If we feel angry, it is evident that we feel strongly about something. Instead of saying “I can't believe how irresponsible she is. What a cold⁃hearted, evil witch she is.”, a more productive response is: “Am I really upset by this? Why does it bother me so much? What specifically am I feeling?” From the answers, we can decide to pick the best one to calm the anger. As soon as we “upshift” and begin to think about our options and their consequences, we start to feel more in control and less threatened. We get out of the automatic stimulus⁃response mode and realize that we have choices. There is a quote from Viktor E. Frankl that goes like this: “Between stimulus and response there is a space. In that space...lies our growth and our freedom.” 1.What's the author's attitude towards anger? A.Favorable.　　 B.Neutral. C.Doubtful.　　 D.Negative. 2.What can we know about anger? A.It reflects one's intense feeling. B.It refers to a minor emotion. C.It can identify emotional need. D.It surely causes a violent reaction. 3.What does Paragraph 4 mainly deal with? A.What questions we ask about anger. B.How we respond to anger. C.How we develop growth and freedom. D.When we consider the consequence. 4.What is the text mainly about? A.Ways to know about anger. B.Reasons to arouse anger. C.Managing anger in a good way. D.Calming anger at the right time. [语篇解读] 语篇类型:说明文。主题语境:人与自我。 主旨:什么是愤怒以及如何对待它。 1.B　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“It can be used either in productive ways or just the opposite.”可知,作者认为愤怒既可能产生积极影响,也可能会有不好的作用。由此推断出,作者对愤怒的态度是客观中立的。 2.A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“If any of these feelings are intense enough, we think of the emotion as anger.”可知,愤怒反映了一个人非常强烈的情绪。 3.B　主旨要义题。根据第四段中的“Instead of saying...a more productive response is...”可知第四段主要介绍了在我们愤怒时,应该怎样做。 4.C　主旨要义题。通读全文可知,文章主要介绍了愤怒是一种非常强烈的情绪,有好的一面也有不好的一面,以及我们应该明智地处理我们的愤怒。 三 　　Endangered polar bears are breeding (繁殖) with grizzly bears (灰熊), creating “pizzly” bears, which is being driven by climate change, scientists say. As the world warms and Arctic sea ice thins, starving polar bears are being forced ever further south, where they meet grizzlies, whose ranges are expanding northwards. And with that growing contact between the two come increasing hybrids (杂交种). With characteristics that could give the hybrids an advantage in warming northern habitats, some scientists guess that they could be here to stay. “Usually, hybrids aren't better suited to their environments than their parents, but these hybrids are able to search for a broader range of food sources,” Larisa DeSantis, an associate professor of biological sciences at Vanderbilt University, told Live Science. The rise of “pizzly” bears appears with polar bears' decline: Their numbers are estimated to decrease by more than 30% in the next 30 years. This sudden fall is linked partly to “pizzly” bears taking up polar bears' ranges, where they outcompete them, but also to polar bears' highly specialized diets. “Polar bears mainly consumed soft foods even during the Medieval Warm Period, a previous period of rapid warming,” DeSantis said, referring to fat meals such as seals. “Although all of these starving polar bears are trying to find alternative food sources, like seabird eggs, it could bea tipping point for their survival.” Actually, the calories they gain from these sources do not balance out those they burn from searching for them. This could result in a habitat ready for the hybrids to move in and take over, leading to a loss in biodiversity if polar bears are replaced.  “We're having massive impacts with climate change on species,” DeSantis said. “The polar bear is telling us how bad things are. In some sense, ‘pizzly’ bears could be a sad but necessary compromise given current warming trends.” 1.Why do polar bears move further south? A.To create hybrids.　　 B.To expand territory. C.To relieve hunger.　　 D.To contact grizzlies. 2.What makes “pizzly” bears adapt to natural surroundings better than their parents? A.Broader habitats.　　 B.More food options. C.Climate preference.　　 D.Improved breeding ability. 3.What does the underlined phrase “a tipping point” in paragraph 5 refer to? A.A rare chance.　　 B.A critical stage. C.A positive factor.　　 D.A constant change. 4.What's the main idea of the text? A.Polar bears are changing diets for climate change. B.Polar bears have already adjusted to climate change. C.“Pizzly” bears are on the rise because of global warming. D.“Pizzly” bears have replaced polar bears for global warming. [语篇解读] 语篇类型:说明文。 主题语境:人与自然。 主旨:由于气候变暖,濒危北极熊正在与灰熊一起繁殖,创造出“灰北极熊”。 1.C　细节理解题。根据第二段中“As the world warms and Arctic sea ice thins, starving polar bears are being forced ever further south, where they meet grizzlies, whose ranges are expanding northwards.”可知北极熊向南迁移是为了缓解饥饿。 2.B　细节理解题。根据第三段中“but these hybrids are able to search for a broader range of food sources”可知更多的食物选择让“灰北极熊”比它们的父母更能适应自然环境。 3.B　推测词义题。根据画线词后文“Actually, the calories they gain from these sources do not balance out those they burn from searching for them. This could result in a habitat ready for the hybrids to move in and take over, leading to a loss in biodiversity if polar bears are replaced.”可知,无法找到足够的食物来源,北极熊很可能被“灰北极熊”取代,它们正处于生存的关键点。由此推断“a tipping point”相当于a critical stage(一个关键阶段)。 4.C　主旨要义题。通读全文,尤其是第一段和第五段可知由于全球变暖,“灰北极熊”的数量正在上升。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 衔接点18 阅读理解（初高考点差异及衔接） 初中要求 会以“社会服务与人际沟通”“科学与技术”“人与自我”范畴。结合社会热点、模范人物的事迹、等素材考查对语篇理解能力和分析判断能力。阅读理解题通常可分类为“细节理解题”“主旨大意题”“词义猜测题”与“推理判断题”。不同的考查目的，会有不同的设题特点，可使用不同的解题技巧。 高中要求 阅读理解文本主要为说明文、应用文和记叙文。 从题型数量来看,阅读理解第一节试题类型以细节理解题为主,设有6~10题;其次是推理判断题,设有3~6题;最后是主旨大意题(段落主旨和文章主旨)和推测词义题(猜测词义和代词指代),分别设有1~2题。 同时,从各题型在各体裁文本的分布来看,A篇主要以细节理解题为主,大部分试题可以在某一个段落中直接找到与选项对应的词或句子。B篇、C篇和D篇文本难度提高,注重考查学生的高阶思维,以逻辑推理为主,具有良好的区分度,需要考生依据文本主旨大意和相关段落内容进行合理推断。 【初中阅读理解考点聚焦】 一．细节理解题 方法一：排除干扰项法 Now your kids can try these devices at the smart home show in our community science center from August 1st to August 14th… Opening Hours: 1：00 p．m.—9：00 p．m., from Tuesday to Sunday, closed on Monday. (　　)When can a visitor enter the science center? A. On Monday morning. B. On Sunday morning. C. On Monday afternoon. D. On Sunday afternoon. 方法二：同义转换法 For safety, you must use our new baskets only. A basket alone costs 5 yuan. It holds about 2 kg of strawberries and a basket of strawberries is priced at 50 yuan in total. (　　)The farm provides new baskets ________. A. to cut down the cost B. to protect the environment C. to keep customers safe D. to carry more strawberries 方法三：细节推敲法 Pretty cool, right? It's not surprising that people in other cities have got in touch with Laura, hoping that she could help develop similar projects for their communities. (　　) People in other cities would like Laura to ________. A. find a truck driver B. visit their communities C. give away food to them D. help develop projects like hers 二．推理判断题 方法一：针对文章段落内容的判断 For Jerry, this kind of adventure is most satisfying. “Such adventures had made us see life in a different way. Now, being the best climber isn't important for me. What matters is doing something helpful while climbing the mountains. There is still much more we can do，” Jerry said to a newspaper. (　　) Jerry's and his friends' adventures have changed ________． A. their hobbies B. their friendship C. their understanding of life D. their living conditions 方法二：针对文章来源的判断 We are known for our delicious strawberries. We invite you to visit the farm and enjoy our fresh products and great farming experiences. We'll try our best to create a safe open­air environment for our customers… (　　) The instructions are most probably from ________. A. a farm owner B. a teacher C. a news reporter D. a customer 方法三：针对文章读者的判断 Bullying(欺凌) can happen to anyone. A great many children around the world are bullied every year, but there are things that can be done to help… What can you do? If someone is not kind to you, tell an adult that you know and like. For example, talk to a parent or a teacher. (　　)This passage is mainly written for ________. A. teachers B. parents C. children D. the police 方法四：针对文章目的的判断 In our daily life, robots are often found to do work that is too dangerous, boring, difficult, or dirty. And we often see kids play with toy robots. But what exactly is a robot? There are some important characteristics(特征) that a robot must have. These characteristics might help you to decide what is and what is not a robot. (　　)What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To help people understand what a robot is. 　 B. To tell what a robot can do in our life. C. To describe the movement of a robot. 　 D. To introduce the history of robots. 三．词义猜测题 方法一：语境推断法 Although Jerry had achieved great success, he didn't feel fulfilled. He asked himself, “Is it enough to climb the highest mountains? Am I doing something helpful? How can I turn my adventures into something that can help the world？” (　　)What does the underlined word “fulfilled” in Paragraph 2 mean? A.Satisfied. B. Lonely. C. Patient. D. Worried. 方法二：定义法 Intelligence A robot needs some kind of “smarts” . A programmer is the person who gives the robot its “smarts”. The robot will have to have a certain way to receive the program so that it knows what it is to do. (　　)The Chinese meaning of “Intelligence” in the last paragraph is ________. A.能源 B. 勤奋 C. 智能 D. 外观 方法三：构词法 However, from 2012 to 2016, poaching(偷猎) and illegal trade in the elephants increased rapidly. Eighty­three elephants were lost in 2015 alone, and another fifty-one elephants were killed in 2016. “If this situation goes on, all the Gourma elephants will be killed by 2020，” said a member of MEP. (　　)What does the word “illegal” in Paragraph 4 mean in Chinese? A.公平的 B. 亏损的 C. 非法的 D. 合理的 方法四：通过生活常识猜测词义 Lisa let the hairdresser trim her hair a bit because it grew too long. What does the word “trim” mean in Chinese? 方法五：通过列举事例猜测词义 My name is Tom. I want to join a club in my school. I'm not famous(著名的) now, but maybe l can be famous someday. I can't sing or dance or act, but I can do many other things. I can play three kinds of instruments: the guitar, the violin and the drums. think I can be in the music club. Maybe I can be a famous musician. like to read storybooks and| can write stories. Maybe I can be a famous writer like sports too,but l am not good at sports.Can I join you? What's the meaning of the underlined word“instruments” in Chinese? A.乐谱 B.乐器 C.乐章 D.琴 四．主旨大意题 第一步：定位主题句，弄懂文章中心思想。 方法一：开门见山：主题句出现在文首，这种结构主要是为了开门见山，先提出主题，然后围绕主题用细节来解释、论证或发展主题思想。 方法二：藏头露尾：主题句出现在文尾，这种结构往往是先阐述细节，然后归纳要点，得出结论，概括主题。 方法三：卧虎藏龙：主题句隐含在全文中，没有明确的主题句。阅读这样的文章，要求学生根据文章的细节来分析、概括、推导出文章的主题。具体方法是：明确各个段落的内容以及它们之间的逻辑关系，寻找核心词和高频词，然后加以归纳形成主题。 第二步：比对选项，排除干扰项。 主旨大意题的正确选项需要具有概括性，不能以偏概全或是泛泛而谈；选择文章最佳标题，要注意标题需具有概括性、针对性和醒目性，标题要囊括文章的主要内容，指向文章的主要特点。 When Laura saw her school dining hall throw away food that was not eaten at all every day, she came up with an idea. She started a project to help her school dining hall to give away uneaten food to homeless shelters(庇护所) in her community. In the past three years, the same project has spread to other schools and some fast food restaurants throughout the city. The project is called Feed & Find, and has already fed thousands of people in her city． How does it work? Through an app, Feed & Find matches local homeless shelters with school dining halls and restaurants that have uneaten food to provide… Still, this project is a clever way to help solve the problem of food waste and it helps those in need． (　　)Which can be the best title for this passage? A. A Dining Guide App B. A Food Sharing Project C. A Driving Service App D. A Food Safety Project 分类训练一　应用文 　　When it's hot outside and we have to go out, surely we want to keep cool. We can put on hats, wear light clothing, or stay at a cool place. However, nothing can beat a good fan. Now I'll show you how to make a good DIY(Do It Yourself) paper fan. What to prepare Please prepare two pieces of paper. All paper will work, but your DIY fan can be used for a long time with quality(优质的) paper. Then get glue, two sticks, etc. How to make a DIY fan The first step is to draw pictures on the paper. Just draw anything you like. The next step is to fold up(折叠) the paper. Then glue the two pieces of folded paper together. After that, paint the sticks. The final step is to glue the sticks onto the folded paper. And everything is done. If you look at your watch, you will be surprised: it takes less than 15 minutes to make a good paper fan. Then you can fold it up and drop it in your bag. When you are out in the heat next time, just take it out and enjoy the gentle wind. 1.Which is the best way to keep cool according to paragraph 1? A.Putting on hats. B.Using a good fan. C.Wearing light clothing. D.Staying at a cool place. 2.Why is quality paper a good choice to make a fan? A.It is light. B.It is colorful.　　　 C.It lasts long.　　　 D.It looks beautiful. 3.What is the second step of making a paper fan? A.Painting the sticks.　　　 B.Drawing pictures on the paper. C.Folding up the paper.　　　 D.Gluing the sticks onto the folded paper. 4.From the last paragraph, we can tell that making a paper fan is 　　　.  A.quick B.difficult　　　 C.boring D.strange 5.What is the purpose of this passage? A.To sell paper fans.　　　 B.To show how to save time. C.To share a fun story.　　　 D.To teach how to make paper fans. 分类训练二　记叙文 Come on, Amy. You must TRY HARDER. Amy told herself silently. She was in her class's Second-Day-of-School Game with her teammates, whom she only met yesterday. This was her first chance to make new friends, and she was nervous. So far Amy hadn't given any useful suggestions—after all, she was totally new to this town. Luckily, no one seemed to care about it. This relaxed her a lot. Since the Blue Team left the park, they had worked out the first two clues(线索) and had been to the post office. Now they were in front of the cinema. Henry was reading aloud the third clue: Go to our town founder's last resting place. I know THIS ONE! Amy thought, excited. “To the cemetery(墓地),” Cindy said. “No, wait!” Amy said. “I've read about it. The founder was buried near the library.” “Wow. I've walked by every day,” Tyler said. “Never knew that!” “Good job! That will save valuable time,” Cindy smiled at Amy. “We still need to hurry,” Tyler reminded, pointing to the Yellow Team coming near. “I know a shortcut!” Henry suggested. “Follow me!” No one moved. “No, seriously,” Henry said. “You know I'm always running late. I know every shortcut in town.” The others finally agreed. A few sharp turns, and they were there! This time Amy read the clue aloud: Now go to the place where the football is running around! “The football stadium!” They called out together and started to run. ... Now they'd got the final clue: Look where you've been, and see where you are. Use your map wisely and you'll be a star! Looking closely at the map, everyone thought hard. “Aha! A star!” Cindy suddenly broke the silence. She quickly took out a pencil. As they watched her drawing lines on the map, everyone understood. They began running back to where they started. They were closer and closer, and finally crossed the finish line—just one step behind the Red Team! “So...close...” Tyer made a face, and they all laughed together. “Nice job, new girl,” Cindy gave Amy a high-five. “That was really fun,” said Henry. “I hope we'll be on the same team soon.” “Me, too,” Amy agreed, smiling. 1.What does the beginning of the story tell us about Amy? A.She didn't want to play the game.　　　 B.She was a new student in her class. C.She was a member of the Red Team. D.She didn't understand the game rules. 2.Why did the team let Henry lead the way at last? A.He ran fastest in the team. B.They didn't know the way. C.They trusted his rich experience.　　　 D.He was best at playing the game. 3.Where was the finish line of the game? A.In the park.　　　 B.Next to the post office. C.In front of the cinema.　　　 D.Outside the library. 4.Why did Amy smile at the end of the story? A.Her team came in first.　　　 B.She was accepted as a friend. C.She no longer felt nervous.　　　 D.There would be a game soon. 分类训练三　说明文 　　Some animals can easily find their way home after a long journey. How do they make it? Scientific research shows that they are born with certain unusual abilities for direction. A certain kind of ant, for example, can count their steps to avoid getting lost. They can go as far as 110 metres and bring food home. These ants live in the open desert(沙漠), so they have nothing to guide them along the way. It's like someone walking six kilometres through a dark forest. Some fish have an unbelievable sense of smell. They can smell even a single drop of their home water in a large sea area. Some sea birds have a similar ability. They are able to make a smell map of their flying area. Some animals can sense the earth's magnetic field(磁场), while humans can't. This magnetic field guides a certain kind of fish when they swim a long way to a place and then back. How can this kind of fish do that? It is still a mystery. Scientists have no good answers yet. However, animals with such unusual abilities still have difficulty dealing with environmental changes caused by human activities. For example, many birds depend on stars for direction, but they get lost easily at night when city lights are kept on all night. To solve this problem, we can simply turn off some lights at night. Clearly, one small act of humans may mean a lot to animals. 1.Where is this passage most probably from? A.A storybook.　　　 B.An art magazine. C.A guidebook.　　　 D.A science magazine. 2.How can a certain kind of ant find their way? A.By imagining the way.　　　 B.By counting their steps. C.By bringing food together.　　　 D.By walking through a forest. 3.What does the underlined word “mystery” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A.Secret.　　　 B.Choice.　　　 C.Reason.　　　 D.Feeling. 4.What are people advised to do according to the last paragraph? A.To help animals.　　　 B.To travel at night. C.To keep city lights on.　　　 D.To develop unusual abilities. 5.Which can be the best title for the passage? A.Birds' Sense of Light　　　 B.Fish's Sense of Smell C.Animals' Sense of Direction D.Animals' Sense of Magnetic Field 【高中阅读理解考点聚焦】 考纲解读 　 阅读理解文本主要为说明文、应用文和记叙文。 从题型数量来看,阅读理解第一节试题类型以细节理解题为主,设有6~10题;其次是推理判断题,设有3~6题;最后是主旨大意题(段落主旨和文章主旨)和推测词义题(猜测词义和代词指代),分别设有1~2题。 同时,从各题型在各体裁文本的分布来看,A篇主要以细节理解题为主,大部分试题可以在某一个段落中直接找到与选项对应的词或句子。B篇、C篇和D篇文本难度提高,注重考查学生的高阶思维,以逻辑推理为主,具有良好的区分度,需要考生依据文本主旨大意和相关段落内容进行合理推断。 考点清单 a注重观察和研究阅读文本的特点,合理推断试题答案 各体裁文章特点不一,考生要注意观察各体裁文本的不同特点,在此基础上对试题答案进行推断。例如应用文的写作目的多出现在文章开头,偶尔也会出现在文章结尾;科普说明文的第一段多说明文章主旨——研究发现;议论文的每段第一句话多为主题句,其他句子多为细节句。 b培养良好的阅读习惯,确保阅读理解的有效性 每篇文章的3~4个试题均围绕文章主旨设计,所以不管文章是否有主旨大意题,考生都要善于归纳总结,分析每篇文章的主旨大意和篇章结构。另外,对细节理解题和推理判断题的选项进行个性化标记,例如画下划线、画圈等,便于匹配题干和文本相关的句子或段落,通过对四个选项的对比分析找到答案。 同时,C篇和D篇词汇量较大,含有较多的长难句,考生要能快速识别关键信息,培养化繁为简的能力,画出长难句的主干成分,简化复合句,快速准确地理解文本信息,准确解答试题。 c选用恰当的阅读理解做题方法,提高阅读理解解题的准确率 阅读理解第一节有两种解题方法,各有利弊,考生可依据个人习惯和认知特点选择使用。第一种方法:浏览问题——有目的地阅读文本——解答问题,这种方法阅读速度较快,但是准确率较低。第二种方法:快速浏览文本——浏览问题——再读文本——解答问题,这种方法解题时准确率较高,但是解题速度较第一种缓慢。 d依据个人水平,确定四篇文章的做题顺序和数量 考生要依据个人英语水平和认知特点确定阅读理解第一节四篇文章的做题顺序,可以按照四篇阅读理解的排列顺序做题,即ABCD。但是如果熟悉C篇和D篇的知识背景,也可以优先做C篇和D篇。同时考生也要根据个人英语水平,敢于“取舍”。基础薄弱的学生可选取2~3篇文章重点突击,确保准确率,对于难度较大的文章要敢于取舍。 一 Prince William, second in line to the British throne, gave his first TED Talk on Saturday to launch his Earthshot Prize, a competition that will award five £ 1 million prize money every year for the next decade to those who can come up with solutions to environmental problems. Any person, group or organization around the world is qualified, and any suggestion is welcome, so long as it is applicable globally. It could be a new technology, a new approach, a new governmental policy or any other ideas toward five environmental goals -fixing the climate, purifying the air, protecting nature, cleaning oceans and handling waste. "Earthshot" was inspired by John F. Kennedy's "Moonshot," an ambitious 1961 mission to get a man on the moon within a decade. The purpose of the prize is partly to arouse excitement and offer what Prince William called “a bit of catalyst, a bit of hope, a bit of positivity" at a time when the world needs. The money will come from donors around the world. The prize committee includes many celebrities. Prince William has environmental activism in his blue blood. Both his grandfather, and his father Prince Charles were active environmentalists. Prince William acknowledged his heritage by saying he had always listened, learned and believed what they were saying about the environment. Besides speaking wise words, he also puts forward a good prize. Over a million pounds is significantly more than a Nobel Prize and should inspire some serious and creative thinking about the difficulties of Planet Earth. Unlike the Nobel Prize money, the Earthshot money is supposed to be spent on the winning project. “If we achieve these goals, by 2030 our lives won't be worse, and we won't have to sacrifice everything we enjoy. Instead, the way we live will be healthier, cleaner, smarter, and better for all of us," he said. 1. What can be learned about The Earth shot Prize? A. It will be awarded to Britons. B. It aims to solve social problems. C. It is named after a moon mission. D. It offers £ 50 million in total. 2. A person can win the prize for_________. A. a method to monitor sea levels B a new technology to forecast the weather C. a new approach to recycling the waste D. a local government policy to ban fishing 3. What does the underlined word "catalyst" in paragraph 3 mean? A. Encouragement. B. Alarm. C. Challenge. D. Surprise. 4. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Earthshot Prize equals Nobel Prize. B. Planet Earth will be cleaned by 2030. C. Prince William only talks the talk. D. Prince William is influenced by his family. 二 “The past is a different country, they do things differently there,” L.P. Hartley wrote in one of his best-known novels, The Go-Between. To the British novelist, the past was irrelevant. And one of my Asian students once told me “I have no interest in the past. I’m only interested in the present and the future.” I have to disagree. “The past” is a very interesting country, and the more we know about it, the more we will be able to understand the present and thus, prepare ourselves for the future. An ideal place, as I see it, that can allow us to look back on the past is the museum. I prefer to visit museums as if you are sitting in the same room with some of the greatest men in history. While no museums can claim to offer a complete picture of human history, the lessons we can learn from the events and wonders of the past are of great value. Thanks to modern technology, museums are being transformed from places of looking and learning to spaces of participation and interaction. A large number of immersive(沉浸式)multi-media displays, which allow visitors to engage with its exhibits during their visit, play a big part at the Shanghai Natural History Museum. The rise in technology has also made museums more accessible than ever. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, traditional museums have started to think outside of the box in order to create new ways for visitors to experience their collections online. It is definitely good news for those who are fascinated by museums but are struggling to actually go there. However, you shouldn’t expect to get the same experience that an in-person visit would provide, at least, that is, for now. International Museum Day is observed on May 18 every year. This is a quick reminder that you should always spare some time to visit museums and appreciate the “must-see ‘em’ ” things that are an important part of the cultural heritage of humankind. 1. What does the writer think of “the past”? A. Different. B. Unrelated. C. Significant. D. Understandable. 2. Why is the museum an ideal place to look back on the past? A. It’s where the great minds once sat. B. It’s where to learn and reflect. C. It’s where to learn about previous events. D. It’s where to appreciate ancient wonders. 3. What does “outside of the box way” in paragraph 4 refer to? A. Allowing more in-person visits. B. Showing a complete picture of history. C. Adding multi-media displays. D. Offering online exhibits. 4. Which could be the best title for the text? A. Technology Revives Museums B. Observe International Museum Day C. Museums Are “Must-see ‘ems’ ” D. Visit Museums In-person or Online 三 Millions of tons of electronic waste, known as e-waste, is produced ever year. In 2016, the world’s population make 49 million tons of electronic waste. It has been calculated that there will be more than 60 million tons by 2021. The amount of electronic waste is growing so rapidly that it has become a global problem that needs to be addressed. What is causing the upsurge(激增)in e-waste? Technology is becoming more and more widespread covering almost every aspect of our lives. Meanwhile, the lifespan of devices is getting shorter— many products will be thrown away once their batteries(电池)die, to be replaced by new devices. Companies update the design or software so quickly and it is usually cheaper and easier to buy a new product than to repair an old one. Since prices are falling, electronic devices are in demand around the world. As more people buy electronic equipment, manufacturers(制造商)are beginning to face shortages of the raw material needed to make their products, so recycling and reusing materials from discarded(废弃的)products and waste makes economic and environmental sense. Recycling e-waste is practiced both formally and informally. Formal e-waste recycling usually involves taking apart the electronics, separating and sorting through the materials and cleaning them. Companies must obey health and safety rules to reduce the health and environmental harm of handling e-waste by using pollution-control technologies. All this makes formal recycling expensive. With the amount of e-waste growing around the world, recycling alone will not be enough to handle the problem. In order to reduce e-waste, manufacturers need to design electronics that are safer, and more durable (耐用的)repairable. As a customer, you’d better get our old product repaired if possible and buy a new device only when you really need. 1. The underlined word “addressed” in paragraph 1 can be replaced by _________. A. reduced B. changed C. controlled D. solved 2. What is paragraph 2 mainly bout? A. The problems caused by the upsurge in e-waste. B. The reasons for e-waste’s sharp increasing. C. The bad effect of updating devices. D. The causes of devices’ price dropping. 3. What makes recycling e-waste meaningful according to the text? A. Improving the quality of e-devices. B. Lowering the costs of technology innovation. C. Relieving companies’ lacking raw materials. D. Increasing the variety of electronic products. 4. What does the author want to convey in the last paragraph? A. Recycling is the only way to reduce e-waste. B. Companies should be mainly responsible for reducing e-waste. C. Repairing a device is better than buying a new one. D. Everyone should take action to reduce e-waste. 四 Researchers say that they have understood the meaning of gestures that wild monkeys use to communicate.They say that wild monkeys can communicate 19 specific messages to one another with a “vocabulary” of 66 gestures.The scientists discovered this by following and filming groups of monkeys in Uganda, and examining more than 5,000 hours of recordings of these meaningful exchanges. Dr Catherine Hobaiter, who led the research, said that this was the only form of intentional (有意识的) communication to have been recorded in the animal kingdom.Only humans and monkeys, she said, have a system of communication with which they sent a message to another group member on purpose. Although previous research has shown that other animals can understand complex (复杂的) information from their partners’ call, they do not appear to use their voices intentionally to communicate messages.This was a significant difference between calls and gestures, Dr Hobaiter said. “They are the only thing that looks like human language in that respect,” she added. In one case, a mother presents her foot to her crying baby, meaning “Climb on me.” The little monkey immediately jumps on to its mother’s back and they travel off together.” The important message from this study is that there is another species out there that can communicate in a meaningful way, so that’s not unique to humans.” said Dr. Hobaiter. Dr. Susanne Shultz, a biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results were “a little disappointing”. “The limited ‘vocabulary’ of the gestures suggests either that the monkeys have little to communicate, or we are still missing a lot of the information bidden in their gestures and responses.” she said. “In addition, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animals communicate with their non verbal languages, So, it seems that difference still remains between human language and monkeys’ non verbal communication.” 1. According to Dr Hobaiter, only monkeys’ and humans can ______. A. memorize specific words B. understand complex information C. use voices to communicate D. communicate messages on purpose 2. What does the underlined word “They” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Calls B. Gestures. C. Messages. D. Voices. 3. What did Dr Shultz think of the study? A. It was well designed but poorly carried out. B. It was a good try but the findings were limited. C. The evidence was reliable but the conclusion isn’t new. D. The result was disappointing and the methods were wrong. 4. What is the main idea of the text? A. The communication skills used by animals. B. The smartest species in the animal kingdom. C. A study on monkeys’ communication gestures. D. A breakthrough in studying monkeys’ behaviors. 一．应用文 Letter 1 　　Your article (November) mentioned a doctor's visit for“heat and compression”treatment. I bought an inexpensive microwaveable moist⁃heat eye compress online and use it for several minutes at bedtime to help open the oil glands. Plus, the warmth and ritual help me relax and fall asleep. No more messy washcloth compresses for me! —Julie Evans Minneapolis, Minnesota Letter 2 　　The Quality Inn in Kodak, Tennessee, turning into a shelter during a historic winter storm showed so much kindness that I read the story twice (November). For Sean Patel to open his hotel to locals in need during the storm and power outage, at Christmastime and for just $25 (the lowest price the corporate regulations would allow), was priceless. The town is a better place because of Patel and his staff. —Annette Wolfe Shelton, Connecticut Letter 3 　　You suggested using toothpicks to raise a pot lid and prevent the pot from boiling over (October). I prevent boilovers by just laying a wooden spoon over the open pot. The spoon will pop most of the bubbles on contact—hasn't failed me yet! —Pam Snellgrove LaGrange, Georgia Letter 4 　　The story about a snorkeler, Carter Viss, who lost his arm after getting hit by a speedboat (October) and then forgave the driver, was among the most compelling I've ever read. Here was a story of health and loss, sea and shore, healing and the hope to get out of darkness into light. Simply marvelous! —Leander Jones Northport, Alabama 1.Which of the following highlights Letter 1? A.We found a fix. B.Dealing with an eye problem. C.Run over by a speedboat. D.You have to read it twice. 2.Who forgave the driver after an accident? A.Annette Wolfe. B.Pam Snellgrove. C.Carter Viss. D.Leander Jones. 3.What do these four letters have in common? A.They are notes about past issues. B.They give advice on how to read. C.They are remarks on human virtues. D.They offer information about health. 二 Things to Do with Kids in San Francisco Exploratorium The Exploratorium is a 21st⁃century learning lab. It takes the best part of a hands⁃on children's museum and mixes it with real science, exploration, and adventure. It is a fun and interesting place for children and adults alike. I would not recommend the Exploratorium for children under age 5. Palace of Fine Arts The Palace of Fine Arts is a great place to visit when the weather is nice. The gardens are beautiful and it's fun to walk around and explore. A lot of special events seem to be held here including weddings. The kids really enjoy walking around and taking pictures. San Francisco Cable Cars No trip to San Francisco would be complete without a ride on a cable car. The best line to pick is the Hyde Line because it is the longest. The best time to go is first thing in the morning because the lines can be long. Another tip is to ride mid⁃line. Or ride another two lines where they won't be as crowded. Boudin Museum and Bakery Tour The tour cannot be missed. You may be blown away by the enthusiasm and knowledge of your tour guide, the quality of the museum, hands⁃on and photography friendly exhibits, and the rich San Francisco history that is a part of Boudin Bakery. Don't miss taking the test to find out what kind of bread you are. It sounds silly but trust me, you'll want to take the quick quiz. 1.Which of the following can give kids hands⁃on science experience? A.The Palace of Fine Arts. B.The Exploratorium. C.Boudin Bakery. D.San Francisco cable cars. 2.What do we know about San Francisco cable cars? A.Few people like to ride them. B.Their round trips take a short time. C.They are running on three lines. D.They often break down on the way. 3.What can visitors do on their Boudin Museum and Bakery Tour? A.Learn to be a guide.　　 B.Hold special events. C.Walk around a garden.　　 D.Take an interesting test. 二·记叙文 一 　　A flight attendant's kindness towards a passenger with Parkinson's disease is appreciated on the Internet after a woman shared his story on social media. Sharon Radcliffe was on a Delta Air Lines flight from Detroit to Nashville last week when the flight attendant, Jeffrey Jones, discovered that an older woman in coach class struggled with the neurodegenerative disease. To Radcliffe's surprise, Jones immediately took the senior by the hand and brought her to an empty seat in first class. “For the ENTIRE flight, I could see him checking on her, patting her back, helping her get up, walking her (holding hands) up and down the aisle and generally taking good care of her,” Radcliffe wrote on Facebook. When Radcliffe asked if he needed any help caring for the woman, Jones simply said: “I got this.” “He told me his grandmother had Parkinson's and that he was all good, but that he very much appreciated my offer for help,” said Radcliffe. “As I sat in my seat, I literally had tears in my eyes.” Radcliffe, who works at a hospital in Marquette, Michigan, praised Jones for his kindness before she left the plane. Then, she posted the photos of Jones on Facebook where they have been shared thousands of times. As news agencies continued to pick up the story of Jones's sympathy, the flight attendant also turned to social media to express his thankfulness for the experience. “All of the positive comments, shares, feedback, etc. have been an amazing and humbling experience for me,” wrote Jones. “And thank you to Delta for showcasing my story, which happens to be one of thousands upon thousands of good deeds and hearts we as flight attendants perform and share every day in and out of the air.” 1.How did Jones deal with the older woman? A.He followed Radcliffe's instructions. B.He took care of her skillfully and attentively. C.He turned to doctors on the flight for help. D.He provided her with professional treatment. 2.What can we learn about Radcliffe from the story? A.She assisted Jones in the caring. B.Her grandmother was a Parkinson's sufferer. C.She has appreciative eyes for kindness. D.She contributed the story to the newspaper. 3.What was Jones's response to the comments on the Internet? A.He was totally surprised. B.He believed he deserved it. C.He felt his life was disturbed. D.He thought he was somewhat overpraised. 4.Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A.A Post Is Widely Shared on Facebook B.Flight Attendant Takes the Senior to First Class C.Medical Treatment Is Performed in the Air D.Flight Attendant Gives a Hand to a Parkinson's Sufferer 二 　　I live in Xizhou in Yunnan Province, on the Ancient Tea Horse Road. I have to admit that when I first heard that Paul Salopek was going to walk the entire globe on his own two feet, I was blown away. I couldn't imagine that there could be such an unusual person in the world. Last May, I met Paul. He told me that it was his first time in China. He talked to me with great excitement about the history, migrations, and discoveries in my region of China. He spoke of the Silk Road, the travels of the 17th⁃century Chinese explorer Xu Xiake, the Ancient Tea Horse Road and the early 20th⁃century American botanist Joseph Rock. He also talked of Xuanzang. Paul considered many of them heroes and in a sense Chinese pioneers of slow journeys. I decided to accompany Paul on his walk toward Yunnan. On September 28, 2021, we set out. Our days were simple: walk, eat, sleep, and repeat. We woke up at sunrise, set off in high spirits, and rested at sunset, dragging ourselves into exhausted sleep. We met many people on the road. Some were curious, surrounding us and watching us; some gave us directions; some invited us into their home to take a rest; some spoke of the charm of their hometown. We met many beautiful souls, simple souls and warm souls. We were walking with our minds. 　　Together, we were impressed by the biodiversity of the Gaoligong Mountains. As I walked on ancient paths through the mountains, I seemed to hear the voices of past travelers urging me to be careful on the road. Looking back on the more than 200 miles I walked with Paul, I came to a realization. Walking for its own sake is only a small part of the benefit of moving with our feet. A deeper reward is rediscovering the world around us, shortening the distance between each other, and sharing each other's cultures. 1.How did the writer first respond to Paul's travel plan? A.Scared.　　 B.Puzzled. C.Disappointed.　　 D.Surprised. 2.What can we learn about Paul Salopek from paragraph 2? A.He was a western journalist. B.He had a knowledge of China. C.He came to China several times. D.He was Joseph Rock's acquaintance. 3.What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us about the writer and Paul? A.They honored the ancestors. B.They set off in high spirits. C.They satisfied the locals' curiosity. D.They built bonds with people. 4.What is the main purpose of the writer's writing the text? A.To share and reflect on a journey. B.To suggest a new way of travel. C.To advocate protection of biodiversity. D.To introduce and promote Chinese culture. 三 　　Officer Jonathan Smith, 30, was called to Bond Lake near Lewiston, New York, after receiving reports of a little dog that had fallen into the lake about 50 yards from the shore. In this heart⁃in⁃mouth footage (镜头) captured by a fellow officer's bodycam (随身摄像头), the brave police officer threw off some equipment before dashing out onto the ice without any caution for his own safety. The owner had been walking the 10⁃month⁃old dog around the lake on January 5 when Kona spotted a distant flock of geese landing on the water and ran towards them. Horrified, Kona's owner watched as the dog fell into the freezing water at the edge of the ice. In an email to Lewiston Police Department the owner wrote: “Although she is a strong swimmer, there was zero chance of her getting back out onto the ice and she began to panic and tire quickly.” The witness nearby called 911 right away, and 15 minutes later Officer Smith and two other officers from the Police Department arrived. Without hesitation or rescue equipment the officer removed his uniform and gun belt and ran over the ice towards the exhausted dog. When he got close enough to her, Officer Smith grabbed the dog and pulled her from the water so she was able to run back over the ice to her owner. “Kona and I and everybody that loves her are extremely grateful for his selflessness and courage,” the owner wrote. “His professionalism and bravery should be applauded. I have witnessed countless acts of selfless heroism. Officer Smith's actions rank high in my book.” The owner was an author, who has written many books. Lewiston Police Department posted the bodycam footage from the rescue on their Facebook page, along with the message from Kona's owner. 1.Why did the dog Kona run to the lake? A.The owner asked Kona to do it. B.Kona wanted to play on the ice. C.A gunshot frightened Kona into doing it. D.A flock of geese excited Kona's curiosity. 2.What is Kona's owner? A.A rescuer.　　 B.A policeman. C.A writer.　　 D.A photographer. 3.Which of the following can best describe Officer Smith? A.Strong and skilled. B.Brave and selfless. C.Successful and hopeful. D.Outgoing and generous. 4.What's the best title of the text? A.A Policeman Rescued a Dog Struggling in a Frozen Lake B.Lewiston Police Department Received an Unusual Email C.A Story Between a Dog and Geese D.The Act of Selfish Heroism 三·说明文 一 Women Pioneers Who Changed the World Ali Stroker Ali Stroker took the theater world—and, indeed, the very Internet—by storm when, on June 9, 2019, she became the first performer in a wheelchair to take home a Tony Award. After becoming the first actor in a wheelchair in Broadway history in 2015, she won the award for her powerful performance in Rodgers and Hammerstein's Oklahoma! Susan B. Anthony 　　Susan B. Anthony participated in her first women's rights conference in 1852. Over the next 54 years, she published The Revolution, gave speeches, called the first women's suffrage convention in Washington, D.C.(1869), and was arrested for voting (1872). She was also a vocal advocate for abolishing slavery, improving workers' rights, higher education for women, and training standardization and registration for nurses. Anna Bissell In 1889 Anna Bissell became the CEO of a company, making her the first female CEO in America. She traveled around the country selling sweepers and making deals with major retailers to carry the Bissell brand. Eventually, she took the brand international. She was also one of the first company heads to give workers pension plans. Malala Yousafzai When terrorists began seizing power in her hometown and attacking girls' schools, Yousafzai gave a speech defending her and all women's right to an education. She continued to speak out even after her cover was blown and the terrorists issued a death threat. In 2012, a masked gunman boarded the bus and shot her in the head. She survived. In 2014, she became the youngest person to win the Nobel Peace Prize. 1.What is Ali Stroker noted for? A.Her efforts to win a prize. B.Her Broadway background. C.Her special art performance. D.Her wheelchair to perform in. 2.Which word can best describe Anna Bissell? A.Doubtful.　　 B.Devoted.　　 C.Stubborn.　　 D.Outgoing. 3.Who made a great contribution to the education for women? A.Ali Stroker and Anna Bissell. B.Ali Stroker and Malala Yousafzai. C.Susan B. Anthony and Anna Bissell. D.Susan B. Anthony and Malala Yousafzai. 二 　　Nature has developed the emotional state we call anger to help us stay alive. Anger energizes us to prepare us for action. It can be used either in productive ways or just the opposite. When we feel energized by anger, we might ask ourselves how we put this energy to the most productive use. Perhaps the most helpful thing to remember about anger is that it is a secondary emotion. A primary feeling is what is felt immediately before we feel angry. We might first feel afraid, attacked, offended, trapped, or disrespected. If any of these feelings are intense enough, we think of the emotion as anger. Generally speaking, secondary feelings do not identify the unmet emotional need. When all I can say is “I feel angry”, neither I nor anyone else knows what would help me feel better. A helpful technique, then, is to always identify the primary emotion. Assume someone wants us to do something we prefer not to do. At first, we feel a little pressured, but not enough to get angry. When they keep pushing us, we begin to get irritated. If they continue, we get angry. Such anger damages relationships. If we feel angry, it is evident that we feel strongly about something. Instead of saying “I can't believe how irresponsible she is. What a cold⁃hearted, evil witch she is.”, a more productive response is: “Am I really upset by this? Why does it bother me so much? What specifically am I feeling?” From the answers, we can decide to pick the best one to calm the anger. As soon as we “upshift” and begin to think about our options and their consequences, we start to feel more in control and less threatened. We get out of the automatic stimulus⁃response mode and realize that we have choices. There is a quote from Viktor E. Frankl that goes like this: “Between stimulus and response there is a space. In that space...lies our growth and our freedom.” 1.What's the author's attitude towards anger? A.Favorable.　　 B.Neutral. C.Doubtful.　　 D.Negative. 2.What can we know about anger? A.It reflects one's intense feeling. B.It refers to a minor emotion. C.It can identify emotional need. D.It surely causes a violent reaction. 3.What does Paragraph 4 mainly deal with? A.What questions we ask about anger. B.How we respond to anger. C.How we develop growth and freedom. D.When we consider the consequence. 4.What is the text mainly about? A.Ways to know about anger. B.Reasons to arouse anger. C.Managing anger in a good way. D.Calming anger at the right time. 三 　　Endangered polar bears are breeding (繁殖) with grizzly bears (灰熊), creating “pizzly” bears, which is being driven by climate change, scientists say. As the world warms and Arctic sea ice thins, starving polar bears are being forced ever further south, where they meet grizzlies, whose ranges are expanding northwards. And with that growing contact between the two come increasing hybrids (杂交种). With characteristics that could give the hybrids an advantage in warming northern habitats, some scientists guess that they could be here to stay. “Usually, hybrids aren't better suited to their environments than their parents, but these hybrids are able to search for a broader range of food sources,” Larisa DeSantis, an associate professor of biological sciences at Vanderbilt University, told Live Science. The rise of “pizzly” bears appears with polar bears' decline: Their numbers are estimated to decrease by more than 30% in the next 30 years. This sudden fall is linked partly to “pizzly” bears taking up polar bears' ranges, where they outcompete them, but also to polar bears' highly specialized diets. “Polar bears mainly consumed soft foods even during the Medieval Warm Period, a previous period of rapid warming,” DeSantis said, referring to fat meals such as seals. “Although all of these starving polar bears are trying to find alternative food sources, like seabird eggs, it could bea tipping point for their survival.” Actually, the calories they gain from these sources do not balance out those they burn from searching for them. This could result in a habitat ready for the hybrids to move in and take over, leading to a loss in biodiversity if polar bears are replaced.  “We're having massive impacts with climate change on species,” DeSantis said. “The polar bear is telling us how bad things are. In some sense, ‘pizzly’ bears could be a sad but necessary compromise given current warming trends.” 1.Why do polar bears move further south? A.To create hybrids.　　 B.To expand territory. C.To relieve hunger.　　 D.To contact grizzlies. 2.What makes “pizzly” bears adapt to natural surroundings better than their parents? A.Broader habitats.　　 B.More food options. C.Climate preference.　　 D.Improved breeding ability. 3.What does the underlined phrase “a tipping point” in paragraph 5 refer to? A.A rare chance.　　 B.A critical stage. C.A positive factor.　　 D.A constant change. 4.What's the main idea of the text? A.Polar bears are changing diets for climate change. B.Polar bears have already adjusted to climate change. C.“Pizzly” bears are on the rise because of global warming. D.“Pizzly” bears have replaced polar bears for global warming. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$