精品解析：上海中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题

上海中学2023学年第二学期期中考试 英语试题 I．Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and a question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1．A．15 dollars. B．20 dollars. C．25 dollars. D．45 dollars. 2．A．To the gallery. B．To the dentist’s. C．To her flat. D．To the garage. 3．A．She was fired by the company. B．She broke the law. C．She is on leave right now. D．She is replacing the company’s website. 4．A．Patient and doctor. B．Resident and government official. C．Customer and insurance agent D．Boss and secretary. 5．A．He was sitting opposite Mr. Johnson. B．He is planning a farewell party for Mr. Johnson. C．All the tasks that Mr. Johnson did failed. D．He is glad Mr. Johnson left the company. 6．A．She prefers dogs to cats. B．She had a close relationship with the man’s daughter. C．She used to sorrow over her dog’s death. D．She is always in low spirits. 7．A．The woman should get the chips herself. B．The woman shouldn’t eat chips. C．The woman used to have several heart attacks. D．The woman warned the man against heart attacks. 8．A．They plan to have the meeting in another place. B．The availability of the meeting room will be discussed. C．They have already had the meeting. D They will have the meeting sometime later. 9．A．The car’s demand greatly exceeds supply. B．The woman has listed the car’s advantages. C．The woman received a car a month ago. D．The woman didn’t like the car. 10．A．She won’t do the presentation. B．She needs to collect a lot of data for the presentation. C．She is still at an early stage of preparation for the presentation. D．The topic is most important for the presentation. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked some questions on the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you’ve heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11．A．The type of food you freeze. B．The way you warm up the frozen food. C．Whether the freezer bags are sealed. D．What temperature you set your freezer to. 12．A．Because they can be easily stocked. B．Because they fit well in the fridge. C．Because they come in different sizes and shapes. D．Because they help to keep the dry food dry 13．A．Prevent people from eating too much food. B．Stop people from removing food that hasn’t gone bad. C．Make people become cautious about eating unhealthy food. D．Make people become ambitious in making use of leftover food. Questions 14 through 17 are based on the following passage. 14．A．Postpone retirement age. B．Involve more women in work. C．Hire more foreign workers. D．Attract workers with high salaries. 15．A．Relieve pressure on human nursing care. B．Take care of children and the elderly. C．Finally replace humans in workforce. D．Give humans more time to r creative work. 16．A．Robots can’t do certain work. B．Some people don’t accept robots. C．The expenses for robots are still high. D．The functions of robots need improving. 17．A．Japan struggles to fight workforce shortage. B．Japanese attitudes towards robots change a lot. C．Robots have played a major role in Japan’s industry. D．Robots can help in Japanese workforce shortage. Questions 18 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 18．A．The cruise liner will provide all sorts of food and entertainment. B．Only half of the cabins will be filled up. C．The prices of unsold tickets will be reduced. D．Everyone will be able to afford the ticket. 19．A．Book tickets as soon as they are available. B．Closely watch the changes of ticket prices C．Compare deals from different sources. D．Keep in contact with a travel age n you can trust. 20．A．Because cruise tours are only suitable for people who have much free time. B．Because he can work part-time to earn money to pay for the tour. C．Because doing price research and comparing takes time. D．Because he can sail shortly after buying the cheap ticket. II．Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Multiple Choice 1. No man is useless in this world ______ lightens the burden of someone else. A. which B. what C. who D. as 2. ______ be considered for the role of team leader in our upcoming project? A. Who do you suggest that should B. Who do you suggest C. Whom do you suggest should D. Do you suggest who should 3. I’m now applying to graduate school, ______ means someday I’ll return to a profession ______people need to be nice to me in order to get what they want. A. which, as B. which, which C. which, where D. as, in which 4. The reason ______ she gave for her resignation was ______ she wanted to pursue her passion for travel and exploration. A. that that B. why, that C. why, because D. /, because 5. It might be years ______ we ______ the creation of artificial intelligence systems capable of true human-like cognition. A. since, made possible B. before, make possible C. since, made possible that D. before, make it possible 6. The budget for the project ended up being twice ______, causing unexpected financial strain on the company. A. how it intended to B. that it had intended to C. as it intended to D. what it was intended to 7. It was ______ she took her first step onto foreign soil ______ signaled the beginning of a journey filled with unknown adventures and unforgettable experiences. A. the moment, that B. the moment, when C. the moment when, that D. the moment when, which 8. The complexities of the English language are ______ even native speakers cannot always communicate effectively, ______ almost every American learns on his first day in Britain. A. so that, as B. such that, as C. so that, with D. such that, in that 9. His confidence and strong will clearly show that he is no longer ______ he used to be the first time ______ he undertook such a demanding task. A. who, when B. who, / C. what, / D. what, that 10. It was not so much her talent ______ her perseverance and determination ______ motivated her to the top of her field. A. but, that B. as, that C. nor, which D. like, which 11. ______ the children tracked mud all over them again. A. No sooner did he sweep the floors clean than B. Hardly had he sweep the floors clean when C. Barely he had swept the floors clean than D. Scarcely had he swept the floors clean when 12. Although the suspect insisted ______ alone during the time of the crime, the court still demanded evidence ______ to support his alibi. A. being at home, he should provide B. he be at home, he provided C. he was at home, be provided D. he was at home, he providing 13. Visitors are permitted to take photographs for personal use only, ______ stated otherwise by the museum staff. A. though B. if C. as D. unless 14. The recipe book features helpful ______, making it easier for learners to visualize the cooking process. A. explanation B. demonstrations C. illustrations D. presentations 15. The heroic idea that ______ qualities such as excellence, generosity, courage, loyalty and dignity is highly valued and modeled. A. embraces B. identifies C. examines D. criticizes 16. ______ by the work pressure, he has been experiencing serious physical symptoms of stress and had to turn to a therapist for help. A. Overwhelmed B. Disappointed C. Frustrated D. Shocked 17. After witnessing her tireless dedication to practice every day, the parents were ______ her enthusiasm for playing the piano. A. concerned with B. committed to C. informed of D. convinced of 18. When we ______ the data further, we can identify specific trends and patterns that may not be evident at first glance. A. break up B. break out C. break through D. break down 19. The temptation for a declining church to ______ old privileges is strong. A. hang on to B. settle for C. pass up D. sign for 20. After signing the contract, every employee is ______ fulfill their duties and conform to the rules made by the company. A. reluctant to B. obliged to C. motivated to D. honored to 21. Due to the long-term environmental and financial benefits, renewable energy technologies are ______. A. worthwhile to develop B. worth being developed C. worthy to be developed D. worthy of developing Section B Vocabulary Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．moral B．fortunes C．drastically D．extinct E．emerged AB．approach AC．claims AD．cautiously AE．ingredients BC．managed BD．object Stressed out? Get chewing: can a wellness rebrand make Americans buy gum again? When was the last time you saw someone chewing gum? 1998, maybe? 2007? Chances are, it probably wasn’t recently. Like high heels and affordable housing, chewing gum appears to be going ___22___ Gum’s popularity has been fading globally thanks to increased competition from products like breath mints and mobile phones distracting us from impulse purchases while shopping. The pandemic, moreover, ___23___·accelerated gum’s decline. Even after people ___24___ from lockdown, sales didn’t recover. Gum sales worldwide in 2023 were 10% below 2018 figures. In the US, the drop has been particularly pronounced: last year 1.2 billion units of gum were sold in the US, 32% fewer than in 2018. However, chewing gum, in various forms, is one of the oldest habits there is. Stone age teenagers were chewing birch bar k tar possibly for pleasure, medicinal purposes, or to use it as a glue. Gum has also been loaded with cultural meaning and the subject of various ___25___ panics. Some people believe it is a marker of the bad kids or a habit of the lower class. Despite a certain amount of social stigma（污名） attached to gum, it has - until relatively recently -been a wildly successful product. That’s thanks to William Wrigley Jr, who was a marketing and advertising genius. Wrigley always ___26___ to find a way to make gum relevant and insert it into consumer culture. For example, Wrigley advertised the idea that chewing gum was a health aid that would help digestion and would relieve stress. This year the Wrigley brand’s owner —Mars— came out with an ad campaign it hopes will revive gum’s ___27___ by positioning it as an almost instant stress reliever. Linking gum with wellness worked in the 1910s, but is it going to work now? Alex Hayes at the food consultancy is ___28___ optimistic. “The global well ness market is estimated to be worth more than $1.5 trillion, so it’s no surprise that Mars wants a piece of the pie,” Hayes says. “We’ve seen the success of categories such as tea promoting their products via functional ___29___ and messaging-teas for good sleep, mental clarity, stress relief, etc. So it comes as no surprise that Mars is risking the same ___30___ .” But he also notes, customers are increasingly worried about processed foods and are eager to move away from artificial ___31___. There’s still ongoing discussion on just how effective repositioning chewable plastic as a health supplement is going to be. III．Reading Comprehension Section A Cloze Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. It’s safe to say Jeremy Scott is having a lucky year. In March while working as a chauffeur, he told his boss about his plans to set up a driving business. By the end of the journey, Scott’s boss had offered to ___32___ his idea — a starting capital along with the gift of a £110,000 limousine (豪车) to kick start the business. Of course, there’s an element of luck to everyone’s career. Whether you’re a chief executive or an artist — your ___33___ won’t be based on hard work alone. For example, the place you were born ___34___ your education. It determines whether you learn to read, write or complete qualifications, which ___35___ limits your career choices. Many people believe success is down to talent and hard work, but “this is because most people underestimate the role of ___36___”, says psychologist Dr Elizabeth Nutt Williams. “We do a lot of work to prepare for our careers — education, training, taking advantage of mentoring — all of which tend to be in our control.” People don’t like to acknowledge the role of luck in their work, as it ___37___ this feeling of being in control, adds Williams. Everyone remembers working hard, so people are more likely to overestimate how much of their success is down to diligence than something much more ___38___ like luck. The reality of success (at least in terms of ___39___) is less clear cut. In the UK, studies show where you are born is likely to determine how much you earn. 2017 research found that there is a “class pay gap’’, where professional employers from ___40___ backgrounds are paid almost £7,000 less a year — despite having the same role, education and experience as colleagues from more privileged families. ____41____, black graduates earn up to 23% less per hour than white university leavers, whereas woman in the UK earn 14% less on average than men. Socio-economic status also plays a big role in the ____42____ you enter. A recent study by the Debrett’s Foundation found seven in every 10 young people aged 16 — 25 use ____43____ to get their first job. While research has shown that less able, richer children are 35% more likely to become high earners than their brighter poorer peers. The truth is: chance and coincidences ____44____ our careers more than we like to think. Realizing that parts of your career are out of your control sounds ____45____, but being grateful for the role of luck in your career can actually make you more fortunate. This is because when you acknowledge the role of luck in your work, you become prepared to take advantage of more fortunate moments. “Chance events occur but it is all about the individual’s ____46____ to see those events as possibilities and their willingness to take a risk,” says Williams. 32. A. challenge B. adopt C. finance D. reject 33. A. performances B. accomplishments C. assessments D. outcomes 34. A. accounts for B. applies to C. makes up for D. depends on 35. A. in reward B. after all C. in turn D. by nature 36. A. chance B. accident C. education D. diligence 37. A. emphasizes B. overlooks C. maintains D. weakens 38. A. manageable B. vital C. slippery D. minor 39. A. reputation B. income C. education D. occupation 40. A. wealthier B. poorer C. unique D. diverse 41. A. Nevertheless B. Contrarily C. Consequently D. Similarly 42. A. profession B. circle C. community D. university 43. A. certificates B. online platforms C. career fairs D. family connections 44. A. contribute to B. result from C. add to D. hold back 45. A. inspiring B. encouraging C. appealing D. discouraging 46. A. reluctance B. eagerness C. readiness D. resolution Section B Passages （A） When you think about coffee alternatives, garlic is probably one of the last things that comes to mind, but that is exactly the ingredient that one Japanese inventor used to create a drink that looks and tastes like coffee. 74-year-old Yokitomo Shimotai, a coffee shop owner in Aomori Prefecture, Japan, claims that his unique “garlic coffee” is the result of a cooking blunder he made over 30 years ago, when he burned a steak and garlic while waiting tables at the same time. Intrigued by the scorched garlic’s aroma, he mashed it up with a spoon and mixed it with hot water. The resulting drink looked and tasted a lot like coffee. Making a mental note of his discovery, Yokimoto carried on with his job, and only started researching garlic coffee again after he retired. Committed to turning his weird drink into a commercial product, Yokitomo Shimotai spent years optimizing the formula, and about five years ago, he finally achieved a result he was satisfied with. To make his dissolvable garlic grounds, he roasts the cloves in an electric oven, and, after they’ve cooled off, smashes them into fine particles and packs them in dripbags. “My drink is probably the world’s first of its kind,” the garlic coffee inventor told Kyodo News. “It contains no caffeine so it’s good for those who would like to drink coffee at night or pregnant women.” “The bitterness of burned garlic apparently helps create the coffee-like flavor,” Shimotai adds. He claims that, although his garlic coffee does give off an aroma of roasted garlic, it doesn’t cause bad breath, because the garlic is thoroughly cooked. And if you can get past the smell, the drink apparently does taste a lot like actual coffee. If decaf isn’t good enough for you, and you’re in the mood for something new, you can try Yokitomo Shimotai’s garlic coffee at his shop, in the city of Ninohc, Iwate Prefecture, or buy your own dripbags for just 324 yen($2.8). 47. Which word is the closest in meaning to the underlined word“blunder”in the second paragraph? A. mistake B. show C. mixture D. brand 48. Who is not suitable to drink garlic coffee? A. A woman bearing a baby. B. A student having trouble with sleep. C. A cleaner working on a day shift. D. A young lady sick of garlic. 49. Which of the following is not characteristic of garlic coffee? A. It is caffeine-free. B. Garlic powder dissolves in water. C. The burnt garlic creates bitterness. D. It is an improvement on a garlic dish. 50. Which of the following can be used to describe Yokitomo Shimotai? A. venturous and greedy B. innovative and perseverant C. hardworking and cautious D. observant and helpful （B） The Sleep of Your Dreams According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a third of us don’t get nearly enough shut-eye. Our collective tiredness has promoted a $41 billion market for devices promising more — and higher-quality — sleep. In my everlasting search for downtime, I tested some of the most promising ones. Here’s how they stacked up. Eight sleep tracker $299 This mattress (床垫) topper fits under a sheet and “turns any bed into a smart bed,” according to Eight. While I slept, the sensor-decorated pad gathered data like heart rate, periods of deepest sleep, and number of turns. It was easy to use, and I liked the warming feature, which let me set each side of the bed to a different temperature. REM Score: 8 (out of 10) Dreampad pillow $149 and up The Dreampad uses smooth soundscapes to help you power down. Connect the device to your phone via Bluetooth or USB, and the pillow emits soft music, audible only to you as you lay your head down. There are ten tracks on offer. I didn’t drift off any faster with the Dreampad, but it did help me fall back asleep when I woke up at night. REM Score:6 Smart Nora Wireless Snoring Solution $299 My eight-hour restful happiness is frequently interrupted by my husband’s snoring. The Smart Nora relieves me of the need to push him. When the bedside audio sensor detects a breathing disturbance, it slowly blows up the offender’s pillow, gently shifting them into a freer-breathing position. My husband sometimes woke up briefly but was soon asleep again. REM Score: 8 Nightingale Smart Home Sleep System $149 The Nightingale is hi-tech. Two app-enabled units wrap the room in a blanket of warm sound. You can also program the system to provide weather and traffic information when you wake up. The only downside: in standby mode, it emits a faint noise. REM Score: 9 * REM: rapid eye movement (describes a period of sleep during which you dream and your eyes make small movements) 51. By “how they stacked up” in paragraph 1, the author probably means “how they ______.” A. make sense to manufacturers B. get stuck in stores C. are compared with each other D. are piled up together 52. Which of the following devices favourably reacts to users? A. Dreampad pillow B. Eight sleep tracker C. Smart Nora Wireless Snoring Solution D. Nightingale Smart Home Sleep System 53. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. The Eight keeps the entire bed at the same temperature. B. The Nightingale, is an economical but perfect device. C. Soft music is applied to all these four devices. D. One in three people suffer from sleep problem. （C） One way to divide up the world is between people who like to explore new possibilities and those who stick to the tried and true. In fact, the tension between betting on a sure thing and taking a chance that something unexpected and wonderful might happen troubles human and nonhuman animals alike. Take songbirds, for example. The half-dozen finches (雀) resting at my desk feeder all summer know exactly what they'll find there: black sunflower seed, and lots of it. Meanwhile, the warblers (莺) exploring the woods nearby don't depend on this predictable food source in fine weather. As food hunters, they enjoy less exposure to predators and, as a bonus, the chance to meet the perfect mate flying from tree to tree. This "explore-exploit" trade-off (权衡) has prompted scores of lab studies, computer simulations and algorithms (算法) trying to determine which strategy brings in the greatest reward. Now a new study of human behavior in the real world, published last month in the journal Nature Communications, shows that in good times, there isn't much of a difference between pursuing novelty and sticking to the status quo (原状) When the going gets tough, however, explorers are the winners. The new study, led by Shay O'Farrell and James Sanchirico, both of the University of California, Davis, along with Orr Spiegel of Tel Aviv University, examined the routes and results of nearly 2,500 commercial fishing trips in the Gulf of Mexico over a period of 2.5 years. The study focused on "bottom longline" fishing, a system where hundreds of lines are attached to a horizontal bar that is then lowered to reach the sea bed. Dr. O'Farrell explained the procedure this way: Go to a location and put the line down. Stay for a few hours. The lines are a mile long and have a buoy (浮标) at either end. When they pull that up, they assess the catch, and then decide if they will stay or move on to a different spot. Over two years of collecting data under various climate conditions, the researchers discovered that the fishermen were fairly consistent. "The exploiters would go to a smaller set of locations over and over, and go with what they know," Dr. O'Farrell said. The explorers would constantly try a wider range; they'd sample new places. In the long run, there wasn't a huge difference in payoffs between the two groups, perhaps due to the sharing information between fishing crews, said Dr. O'Farrell. But in challenging times, the study's message was clear: "You can try new things in the face of uncertainty." 54. The author takes the songbird as an example to indicate that _____. A. like birds, humans tend to be satisfied with the predictable B. some birds are used to looking for food instead of being fed C. there exist the conservative and the adventurous like humans D. birds choose different ways to look for food in different weather 55. According to the third paragraph, people who mastered "explore-exploit" trade-off _____. A. will choose either to pursue novelty or keep the status quo B. are ready to risk in time of difficulty C. will be tough in good times and bad times D. will grow to be experts in lab studies 56. Which can be inferred from the new study led by Shay O'Farrell and James Sanchirico? A The two groups react to the unexpected differently. B. The "explore-exploit" trade-off helps scientific research a lot. C. The exploiters are used to fishing based solely on their experience. D. The explorers tend to achieve more than the exploiters in the long run. 57. Which of the following can be the best title for passage? A. How the Exploiter differs from the Explorer B. How to Become a Productive Fisherman C. What is "Explore-Exploit" Trade-off D. When to take risks matters Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Maya loved cacao so much that they used the beans as currency. They also believed it is good for you — which many people still say today about cacao’s most famous byproduct, chocolate. ___58___. While some have suggested that less than an ounce of dark chocolate might improve heart health, much of the research doesn’t involve eating actual chocolate but rather its components-flavanol, especially. ___59___. In a clinical trial of 21,000 adults, they found that the half of the group that took500mg of. cocoa flavanol supplements daily had a significantly lower risk of death from cardiovascular disease than those who had taken a placebo (安慰剂). Flavanols may also boost insulin sensitivity, according to some studies, which might be helpful in reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes (糖尿病). ___60___. Those at risk of diabetes might be wise to choose a cacao-inspired supplement instead of eating chocolate — and the sugar it contains. Other research suggests that the flavanols found in cacao (also present in fruits, vegetables, and tea) could slow cognitive decline during aging, or even boost brain performance by improving blood flow to the cerebral cortex. What these findings mean for chocolate is limited, however. Participants would have had to eat multiple fat and sugar filled chocolate bars a day to source 500mg of flavanols. ___61___. So understanding why certain types of chocolate are healthier than the rest is the focus of further research. A. Cacao contains hundreds of bioactive plant compounds, including flavanols, which have been associated with numerous possible health benefits. B. In 2022, Sesso and colleagues found compelling evidence for the benefits of flavanols. C. But the results aren’t conclusive. D. Spurred by chocolate’s popularity, numerous studies have explored bow the natural chemical compounds found in cocoa might be good for human health. E. All chocolates are definitely not created equal. F But there’s still more research to be done to understand these effects. IV．Fill in the Blanks 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 How sneaker culture took over the world Sneakers have come a long way from when they were first invented in 1860s England for the upper-class playing croquet (槌球) and tennis. Long worn for function ___62___ fashion, today sneakers have become an entire culture—both a form of self-expression and a high art found in museum exhibits and designer auction houses. ___63___ transformed sneaker culture into a true phenomenon was the 1985 release of Nike’s Air Jordan 1s. In 1984, Michael Jordan was a talented rookie who had yet to play in a professional game. ___64___ that, Nike saw Jordan as the future of their brand, signing him to a five-year, $2.5 million endorsement (代言) deal. ___65___ Jordan matured into one of the greatest basketball players of all time, the sneaker’s popularity skyrocketed. Meanwhile another cultural shift ___66___ (take) place with casual Fridays introduced in white-collar businesses. It was when men were allowed to put aside their suits and wear something one day a week that showed people who they really were. As sneakers became increasingly desired, footwear companies turned to ___67___(generate) even more publicity by collaborating with celebrities and luxury brands, as well as releasing small batches of limited-edition shoes with eye-pop ping designs. Celebrities also started their collaborations with sneaker brands, which helped target a whole new demographic of people to experience sneaker culture. It was a blending of high and low fashion, ___68___ the shoe industry has never really seen before. A pair that Jordan wore in his legendary final NBA season ___69___ (sell) even for $2.2 mllion, making them the most expensive sneakers ever to appear at auction. By the mid-2010s, speakers ___70___ (become) solid gold status symbols. Wearing rare and cool sneakers became an expression of one’s social status. But not until recently, sneakers are finally getting their due as part of our cultural heritage—and particularly how Black culture has shaped that heritage. It took decades for the sneaker industry to recognize that _____71_____ these Black athletes or artists that championed their products, there would be no sneaker culture. V．Translations 72. 结果看来这项传统的确值得传承给我们的后代。（turn）（汉译英） ___________________________________________________________ 73. 由于不断上升的犯罪率，公众指责警方忽视了其确保公共安全的职责。(criticize) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________ 74. 尽管最近失败了好几次，但他并没有放弃追求梦想，因为他明白坚持不懈是取得成功的唯一关键。（despite）（汉译英） ___________________________________________________________ 1-5 ADCCD 6-10 CBDAC 11-15 CDBCD 16-20 BDCCD 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 上海中学2023学年第二学期期中考试 英语试题 I．Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and a question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1．A．15 dollars. B．20 dollars. C．25 dollars. D．45 dollars. 2．A．To the gallery. B．To the dentist’s. C．To her flat. D．To the garage. 3．A．She was fired by the company. B．She broke the law. C．She is on leave right now. D．She is replacing the company’s website. 4．A．Patient and doctor. B．Resident and government official. C．Customer and insurance agent. D．Boss and secretary. 5．A．He was sitting opposite Mr. Johnson. B．He is planning a farewell party for Mr. Johnson. C．All the tasks that Mr. Johnson did failed. D．He is glad Mr. Johnson left the company. 6．A．She prefers dogs to cats. B．She had a close relationship with the man’s daughter. C．She used to sorrow over her dog’s death. D．She is always in low spirits. 7．A．The woman should get the chips herself. B．The woman shouldn’t eat chips. C．The woman used to have several heart attacks. D．The woman warned the man against heart attacks. 8．A．They plan to have the meeting in another place. B．The availability of the meeting room will be discussed. C．They have already had the meeting. D They will have the meeting sometime later. 9．A．The car’s demand greatly exceeds supply. B．The woman has listed the car’s advantages. C．The woman received a car a month ago. D．The woman didn’t like the car. 10．A．She won’t do the presentation. B．She needs to collect a lot of data for the presentation. C．She is still at an early stage of preparation for the presentation. D．The topic is most important for the presentation. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked some questions on the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you’ve heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11．A．The type of food you freeze. B．The way you warm up the frozen food. C．Whether the freezer bags are sealed. D．What temperature you set your freezer to. 12．A．Because they can be easily stocked. B．Because they fit well in the fridge. C．Because they come in different sizes and shapes. D．Because they help to keep the dry food dry 13．A．Prevent people from eating too much food. B．Stop people from removing food that hasn’t gone bad. C．Make people become cautious about eating unhealthy food. D．Make people become ambitious in making use of leftover food. Questions 14 through 17 are based on the following passage. 14．A．Postpone retirement age. B．Involve more women in work. C．Hire more foreign workers. D．Attract workers with high salaries. 15．A．Relieve pressure on human nursing care. B．Take care of children and the elderly. C．Finally replace humans in workforce. D．Give humans more time to r creative work. 16．A．Robots can’t do certain work. B．Some people don’t accept robots. C．The expenses for robots are still high. D．The functions of robots need improving. 17．A．Japan struggles to fight workforce shortage. B．Japanese attitudes towards robots change a lot. C．Robots have played a major role in Japan’s industry. D．Robots can help in Japanese workforce shortage. Questions 18 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 18．A．The cruise liner will provide all sorts of food and entertainment. B．Only half of the cabins will be filled up. C．The prices of unsold tickets will be reduced. D．Everyone will be able to afford the ticket. 19．A．Book tickets as soon as they are available. B．Closely watch the changes of ticket prices C．Compare deals from different sources. D．Keep in contact with a travel age n you can trust. 20．A．Because cruise tours are only suitable for people who have much free time. B．Because he can work part-time to earn money to pay for the tour. C．Because doing price research and comparing takes time. D．Because he can sail shortly after buying the cheap ticket. II．Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Multiple Choice 1. No man is useless in this world ______ lightens the burden of someone else. A. which B. what C. who D. as 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在这个世界上，能为别人减轻负担的人都是有用的。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词no man，关系词指代先行词在从句中做主语，指人，所以用who引导，故选C。 2. ______ be considered for the role of team leader in our upcoming project? A. Who do you suggest that should B. Who do you suggest C. Whom do you suggest should D. Do you suggest who should 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：你建议谁来担任我们即将进行的项目的组长?do you suggest是一个插入语，放在句中。suggest后面的宾语从句使用虚拟语气（should） + 动词原形，should可以省略who做主语，故B正确。故选B项。 3. I’m now applying to graduate school, ______ means someday I’ll return to a profession ______people need to be nice to me in order to get what they want. A. which, as B. which, which C. which, where D. as, in which 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我现在正在申请研究生院，这意味着有一天我会回到一个行业，在这个行业中，人们为了得到他们想要的东西而需要对我好。第一个空，“______ means someday I’ll return to a profession”是非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的整个句子，空白处需要一个关系词来引导该从句，并在从句中作主语，所以可填入关系代词which，第二个空，“______ people need to be nice to me in order to get what they want”是定语从句，修饰先行词“profession”，所以空白处需要一个关系词来引导该从句，并在从句中作状语。根据句意，“在人们为了得到他们想要的东西而需要对我好的环境中”，此处表示“在……环境中”，所以可填入关系副词where。故选C项。 4. The reason ______ she gave for her resignation was ______ she wanted to pursue her passion for travel and exploration. A. that, that B. why, that C. why, because D. /, because 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句和表语从句。句意：她给出的辞职理由是，她想追求自己对旅行和探索的热情。分析句子可知，第一个空处所在句是定语从句，先行词是reason，在定语从句中作宾语，因此使用连接词that或which引导定语从句。第二个空处所在句是表语从句，表语从句中不缺任何成分且意义完整，因此使用that引导表语从句。故选A项。 5. It might be years ______ we ______ the creation of artificial intelligence systems capable of true human-like cognition. A. since, made possible B. before, make possible C. since, made possible that D. before, make it possible 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：我们可能还需要很多年才能创造出能够真正像人类一样认知的人工智能系统。分析句子可知，“It+be+时间+before...”是固定句型，意为“……之后才”，从句使用一般现在时表示将来，从句中the creation of artificial intelligence systems capable of true human-like cognition做make的宾语，possible是宾语补足语。故选B项。 6. The budget for the project ended up being twice ______, causing unexpected financial strain on the company. A. how it intended to B. that it had intended to C. as it intended to D. what it was intended to 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：这个项目的预算最终是原计划的两倍，给公司带来了意想不到的财政压力。分析句子可知，be动词后面是一个表语从句，从句中intended是谓语动词，后面缺少宾语，所以用what来引导，在从句中作宾语，表示“……的东西”或“……的事情”，相当于“the thing that”，此处指的是“原本计划好的预算”，故选D。 7. It was ______ she took her first step onto foreign soil ______ signaled the beginning of a journey filled with unknown adventures and unforgettable experiences. A. the moment, that B. the moment, when C. the moment when, that D. the moment when, which 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句和强调句型。句意：这是她踏上异国土地的第一步，标志着一段充满未知冒险和难忘经历的旅程的开始。这是一个由“It is (was) +被强调部分+ that /who+ 其他部分”构成的强调句型，被强调部分是the moment，后接定语从句对其进行修饰限定，代替先行词the moment在定语从句中作时间状语，因此使用when引导定语从句。且被强调部分是物，因此使用that引导强调句的其他部分。故选C项。 8. The complexities of the English language are ______ even native speakers cannot always communicate effectively, ______ almost every American learns on his first day in Britain. A. so that, as B. such that, as C. so that, with D. such that, in that 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查同位语从句和定语从句。句意：英语是如此复杂，即使是母语使用者也并非总能有效沟通，这一点几乎每个美国人从在英国的第一天就能体会到。so that表示“以便，为了”，引导目的状语从句。代词such“这样”，作表语；even native speakers cannot always communicate effectively为同位语从句，修饰such，从句不缺少成分或含义，用that引导。in that“因为”引导原因状语从句，但此处逻辑关系不符，不需要解释原因。第二空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的整个句子，表示对前面句子的进一步解释或说明，用as“正如，如同”引导。with不能引导从句。故选B。 9. His confidence and strong will clearly show that he is no longer ______ he used to be the first time ______ he undertook such a demanding task. A. who, when B. who, / C. what, / D. what, that 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查表语从句和时间状语从句。句意：他的自信和坚强意志清楚地表明，他不再是过去第一次承担如此艰巨的任务的样子了。第一空引导表语从句，从句缺少表语，指物，需用连接代词what引导；第二空不需要填入连词，“the first time”在这里本身就是一个连词，意为“第一次……的时候”，引导时间状语从句。故选C。 10. It was not so much her talent ______ her perseverance and determination ______ motivated her to the top of her field. A. but, that B. as, that C. nor, which D. like, which 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查固定结构和强调句。句意：与其说是她的天赋，不如说是她的毅力和决心促使她成为她所在领域的佼佼者。根据句意，此处表示“与其说……不如说……”使用固定结构not so much as；同时分析句子，第二空与前文的it was构成强调句结构即it was+强调部分+that，翻译为“就是……”。故选B。 11. ______ the children tracked mud all over them again. A. No sooner did he sweep the floors clean than B. Hardly had he sweep the floors clean when C. Barely he had swept the floors clean than D. Scarcely had he swept the floors clean when 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句型、倒装结构和时态。句意：他刚把地板扫干净，孩子们又把泥弄得满地都是。sweep the floors“打扫地板”，根据句中tracked可知，句子描述过去的情况，且结合语意，“打扫地板”这一动作发生在tracked之前，为“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时had done结构，A项使用一般过去时，错误；no sooner...than...，hardly...when...，barely...when...，scarcely...when...均表示“一……就……”，将no sooner，hardly，barely，scarcely置于句首时，句子需使用部分倒装结构，将助动词/be动词/情态动词提到主语之前，谓语动词的剩余部分放在主语之后，C项搭配错误且未使用倒装结构，错误；B项调整语序后谓语为had sweep，本身错误；D项调整语序后谓语为had swept，为过去完成时，且had提到主语之前，swept仍在主语之后，结构正确。故选D项。 12. Although the suspect insisted ______ alone during the time of the crime, the court still demanded evidence ______ to support his alibi. A. being at home, he should provide B. he be at home, he provided C. he was at home, be provided D. he was at home, he providing 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查虚拟语气和动词时态。句意：尽管嫌疑人在犯罪发生时坚称自己独自在家，但法庭仍然要求提供证据来支持他的不在场证明。第一空，insisted表示“坚持认为”，后面的宾语从句应该使用陈述语气，而不是虚拟语气，结合“insisted”可知，从句使用一般过去时，排除A项和B项；第二空，demanded后面接宾语从句，从句中的动词应该使用虚拟语气，即“(should) + 动词原形”，should常省略，evidence和provide为被动关系，需用被动语态。故选C。 13. Visitors are permitted to take photographs for personal use only, ______ stated otherwise by the museum staff. A. though B. if C. as D. unless 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：除非博物馆职员另有说明，否则参观者只可拍照作个人用途。A. though尽管；B. if如果；C. as因为，随着；D. unless除非。结合上文的“Visitors are permitted to take photographs for personal use only”可知，参观者拍照的用途是受限制的，除非博物馆职员另有说明，此处用unless引导条件状语从句。故选D。 14. The recipe book features helpful ______, making it easier for learners to visualize the cooking process. A. explanation B. demonstrations C. illustrations D. presentations 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：食谱书中的插图很有帮助，让学习者更容易直观地了解烹饪过程。A.explanation解释；B.demonstrations说明；C.illustrations插图；D.presentations介绍。根据visualize the cooking process可知，是书里的插图对学习者很有帮助。故选C项。 15. The heroic idea that ______ qualities such as excellence, generosity, courage, loyalty and dignity is highly valued and modeled. A. embraces B. identifies C. examines D. criticizes 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：英雄思想包含了优秀、慷慨、勇气、忠诚和尊严等品质，受到高度重视和模仿。A. embraces包含；B. identifies识别；C. examines检查；D. criticizes批评。根据“such as excellence, generosity courage, loyalty and dignity”可知，此处表示包含这些品质。故选A。 16. ______ by the work pressure, he has been experiencing serious physical symptoms of stress and had to turn to a therapist for help. A. Overwhelmed B. Disappointed C. Frustrated D. Shocked 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于工作压力过大，他出现了严重的身体压力症状，不得不向治疗师寻求帮助。A. Overwhelmed压倒，击败；B. Disappointed使失望；C. Frustrated使沮丧；D. Shocked使惊讶。根据“he has been experiencing serious physical symptoms of stress and had to turn to a therapist for help.”可知，身体出现严重症状是因为被工作压力压倒。故选A项。 17. After witnessing her tireless dedication to practice every day, the parents were ______ her enthusiasm for playing the piano. A. concerned with B. committed to C. informed of D. convinced of 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：看到她每天孜孜不倦地练习，父母被她对钢琴的热情所折服。A. concerned with关心；B. committed to承诺；C. informed of通知；D. convinced of使信服。根据前文“After witnessing her tireless dedication to practice every day”可知，她每天孜孜不倦地练习，让父母被她对钢琴的热情所折服。故选D项。 18. When we ______ the data further, we can identify specific trends and patterns that may not be evident at first glance. A. break up B. break out C. break through D. break down 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我们进一步分解数据时，我们可以识别出第一眼可能不明显的特定趋势和模式。A. break up分裂，分手；B. break out爆发；C. break through突破；D. break down分解。结合语境可知，空格处应表达“分解”数据以便深入分析，故用break down。故选D。 19. The temptation for a declining church to ______ old privileges is strong. A. hang on to B. settle for C. pass up D. sign for 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：对于一个衰落的教会来说，紧紧抓住旧特权不放的诱惑是强大的。A.hang on to紧紧抓住；B.settle for勉强接受；C.pass up错过；D.sign for签收。由下文的old privileges可知，表示：紧紧抓住旧特权，故选A。 20. After signing the contract, every employee is ______ fulfill their duties and conform to the rules made by the company. A. reluctant to B. obliged to C. motivated to D. honored to 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词短语辨析。句意：签订合同后，每个员工都有义务履行自己的职责，遵守公司制定的规章制度。A. reluctant to不情愿的，勉强的；B. obliged to有义务，不得不；C. motivated to有动力的；D. honored to荣幸的。根据“duties”和“conform to the rules”可推知， 履行自己的职责是员工的义务，用形容词短语be obliged to，意为“有义务，不得不”。故选B项。 21. Due to the long-term environmental and financial benefits, renewable energy technologies are ______. A. worthwhile to develop B. worth being developed C. worthy to be developed D. worthy of developing 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词短语辨析。句意：由于长期的环境效益和经济效益，可再生能源技术值得开发。动词develop意为“开发”，和主语构成被动关系。be worth doing=be worthy of being done=be worthy to be done，意为“值得被……”。be worthwhile to do意为“做某事是值得的”。故选C。 Section B Vocabulary Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．moral B．fortunes C．drastically D．extinct E．emerged AB．approach AC．claims AD．cautiously AE．ingredients BC．managed BD．object Stressed out? Get chewing: can a wellness rebrand make Americans buy gum again? When was the last time you saw someone chewing gum? 1998, maybe? 2007? Chances are, it probably wasn’t recently. Like high heels and affordable housing, chewing gum appears to be going ___22___ Gum’s popularity has been fading globally thanks to increased competition from products like breath mints and mobile phones distracting us from impulse purchases while shopping. The pandemic, moreover, ___23___·accelerated gum’s decline. Even after people ___24___ from lockdown, sales didn’t recover. Gum sales worldwide in 2023 were 10% below 2018 figures. In the US, the drop has been particularly pronounced: last year 1.2 billion units of gum were sold in the US, 32% fewer than in 2018. However, chewing gum, in various forms, is one of the oldest habits there is. Stone age teenagers were chewing birch bar k tar possibly for pleasure, medicinal purposes, or to use it as a glue. Gum has also been loaded with cultural meaning and the subject of various ___25___ panics. Some people believe it is a marker of the bad kids or a habit of the lower class. Despite a certain amount of social stigma（污名） attached to gum, it has - until relatively recently -been a wildly successful product. That’s thanks to William Wrigley Jr, who was a marketing and advertising genius. Wrigley always ___26___ to find a way to make gum relevant and insert it into consumer culture. For example, Wrigley advertised the idea that chewing gum was a health aid that would help digestion and would relieve stress. This year the Wrigley brand’s owner —Mars— came out with an ad campaign it hopes will revive gum’s ___27___ by positioning it as an almost instant stress reliever. Linking gum with wellness worked in the 1910s, but is it going to work now? Alex Hayes at the food consultancy is ___28___ optimistic. “The global well ness market is estimated to be worth more than $1.5 trillion, so it’s no surprise that Mars wants a piece of the pie,” Hayes says. “We’ve seen the success of categories such as tea promoting their products via functional ___29___ and messaging-teas for good sleep, mental clarity, stress relief, etc. So it comes as no surprise that Mars is risking the same ___30___ .” But he also notes, customers are increasingly worried about processed foods and are eager to move away from artificial ___31___. There’s still ongoing discussion on just how effective repositioning chewable plastic as a health supplement is going to be. 【答案】22. D 23. C 24. E 25. A 26. BC 27. B 28. AD 29. AC 30. AB 31. AE 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了口香糖的全球销量因疫情及竞争品的影响显著下降，美国销量尤其严重。尽管口香糖曾因威廉·里格利的营销成功而风靡一时，如今面临污名化。玛氏公司试图通过将口香糖与减压和健康联系起来，重新吸引消费者购买，但效果仍待观察。 【22题详解】 考查形容词。句意：就像高跟鞋和经济适用房一样，口香糖似乎正在消失。分析句子可知，going作系动词使用，空格处使用形容词形式作表语，extinct“灭绝、消失”为形容词，符合句意。故选D项。 【23题详解】 考查副词。句意：此外，此次疫情也大大加速了口香糖的衰落。分析句子可知，空格处使用副词形式修饰动词accelerated，drastically“急剧地”为副词，符合句意。故选C项。 【24题详解】 考查动词。句意：即使在人们走出封锁之后，口香糖的销量也没有恢复。分析句子可知，空格处使用动词形式，作让步状语从句中的谓语动词，emerge“出现”为动词，符合句意。故选E项。 【25题详解】 考查形容词。句意：口香糖还具有丰富的文化内涵，成为各种道德恐慌的主题。分析句子可知，空格处使用形容词形式修饰名词panics，moral“道德的”是形容词，在句中作定语，符合句意。故选A项。 【26题详解】 考查动词。句意：箭牌总能想方设法让口香糖贴近生活，融入消费文化。分析句子可知，空格处使用动词形式，在句子中作谓语动词使用，manage“努力、试图”为动词，在句中作谓语，符合句意。故选BC项。 【27题详解】 考查名词。句意：今年，箭牌品牌的所有者玛氏公司推出了一项广告活动，希望通过将口香糖定位为几乎可以立即缓解压力的产品，重启口香糖的命运。分析句子可知，空格处使用名词形式作revive的宾语，fortunes“命运”为名词，符合句意。故选B项。 【28题详解】 考查副词。句意：食品咨询公司的Alex Hayes持谨慎乐观的态度。分析句子可知，空格处使用副词形式修饰形容词optimistic，cautiously“谨慎地”为副词，符合本句语境。故选AD项。 【29题详解】 考查名词。句意：Hayes说：“我们已经看到茶叶等品类通过功能性声明和信息来推广产品的成功——茶叶可以促进良好睡眠、使人头脑清醒、缓解压力等。”分析句子可知，空格处使用名词复数形式作via的宾语，claims“声明”为名词复数，符合本句语境。故选AC项。 【30题详解】 考查名词：句意：因此，玛氏冒险采用同样的方法也就不足为奇了。分析句子可知，空格处使用名词形式作risk的宾语，approach“方法”为名词，符合本句语境。故选AB项。 【31题详解】 考查名词：句意：但他也指出，消费者对加工食品的担忧与日俱增，他们渴望摒弃人工成分。分析句子可知，空格处使用名词复数，ingredients“成分”为名词复数，在句中作from的宾语，符合句意。故选AE项。 III．Reading Comprehension Section A Cloze Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. It’s safe to say Jeremy Scott is having a lucky year. In March while working as a chauffeur he told his boss about his plans to set up a driving business. By the end of the journey, Scott’s boss had offered to ___32___ his idea — a starting capital along with the gift of a £110,000 limousine (豪车) to kick start the business. Of course, there’s an element of luck to everyone’s career. Whether you’re a chief executive or an artist — your ___33___ won’t be based on hard work alone. For example, the place you were born ___34___ your education. It determines whether you learn to read, write or complete qualifications, which ___35___ limits your career choices. Many people believe success is down to talent and hard work, but “this is because most people underestimate the role of ___36___”, says psychologist Dr Elizabeth Nutt Williams. “We do a lot of work to prepare for our careers — education, training, taking advantage of mentoring — all of which tend to be in our control.” People don’t like to acknowledge the role of luck in their work, as it ___37___ this feeling of being in control, adds Williams. Everyone remembers working hard, so people are more likely to overestimate how much of their success is down to diligence than something much more ___38___ like luck. The reality of success (at least in terms of ___39___) is less clear cut. In the UK, studies show where you are born is likely to determine how much you earn. 2017 research found that there is a “class pay gap’’, where professional employers from ___40___ backgrounds are paid almost £7,000 less a year — despite having the same role, education and experience as colleagues from more privileged families. ____41____, black graduates earn up to 23% less per hour than white university leavers, whereas woman in the UK earn 14% less on average than men. Socio-economic status also plays a big role in the ____42____ you enter. A recent study by the Debrett’s Foundation found seven in every 10 young people aged 16 — 25 use ____43____ to get their first job. While research has shown that less able, richer children are 35% more likely to become high earners than their brighter poorer peers. The truth is: chance and coincidences ____44____ our careers more than we like to think. Realizing that parts of your career are out of your control sounds ____45____, but being grateful for the role of luck in your career can actually make you more fortunate. This is because when you acknowledge the role of luck in your work, you become prepared to take advantage of more fortunate moments. “Chance events occur but it is all about the individual’s ____46____ to see those events as possibilities and their willingness to take a risk,” says Williams. 32. A. challenge B. adopt C. finance D. reject 33. A. performances B. accomplishments C. assessments D. outcomes 34. A. accounts for B. applies to C. makes up for D. depends on 35. A. in reward B. after all C. in turn D. by nature 36. A. chance B. accident C. education D. diligence 37. A. emphasizes B. overlooks C. maintains D. weakens 38. A. manageable B. vital C. slippery D. minor 39. A. reputation B. income C. education D. occupation 40. A. wealthier B. poorer C. unique D. diverse 41. A. Nevertheless B. Contrarily C. Consequently D. Similarly 42. A. profession B. circle C. community D. university 43. A. certificates B. online platforms C. career fairs D. family connections 44. A. contribute to B. result from C. add to D. hold back 45. A. inspiring B. encouraging C. appealing D. discouraging 46. A. reluctance B. eagerness C. readiness D. resolution 【答案】32. C 33. B 34. A 35. C 36. A 37. D 38. C 39. B 40. B 41. D 42. A 43. D 44. A 45. D 46. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了成功不仅仅依赖于个人的努力和天赋，运气和偶然事件在职业发展中也扮演了重要角色。文章通过具体例子和研究数据，指出了出生背景、教育、社会经济地位等因素对个人职业选择和收入水平的影响，并强调了认识到运气在职业成功中的作用，可以让人更加珍惜并抓住机遇。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在行程结束时，斯科特的老板提出为他的想法提供资金——启动资金以及一辆价值11万英镑的豪华轿车作为礼物，以启动业务。A. challenge挑战；B. adopt采纳；C. finance财务，资助；D. reject拒绝。根据“a starting capital along with the gift of a £110,000 limousine (豪车) to kick start the business”可知，老板为其提供了启动资金以及一辆价值11万英镑的豪华轿车作为礼物即提供了资金资助。故选C。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：无论你是首席执行官还是艺术家，你的成就不会仅仅基于努力工作。A. performances表演，表现；B. accomplishments成就；C. assessments评估；D. outcomes结果。根据“Whether you’re a chief executive or an artist”可知，无论你是首席执行官还是艺术家，你的成就不会仅仅基于努力工作。故选B。 【34题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：例如，你出生的地方解释了（决定了）你所受的教育。A. accounts for解释，占……比例；B. applies to适用于；C. makes up for补偿；D. depends on依赖。根据“It determines whether you learn to read, write or complete qualifications”可知，你出生的地方决定了你是否学习阅读、写作或完成资格证书等由此也决定了你所受的教育。故选A。 【35题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：它决定了你是否学习阅读、写作或完成资格证书，这反过来又限制了你的职业选择。A. in reward作为回报；B. after all毕竟；C. in turn反过来；D. by nature天性。根据“It determines whether you learn to read, write or complete qualifications”可知，你出生的地方决定了你是否学习阅读、写作或完成资格证书，这反过来又限制了你的职业选择。故选C。 【36题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多人认为成功取决于天赋和努力，但心理学家Elizabeth Nutt Williams博士说：“这是因为大多数人低估了机遇的作用。”A. chance机会；B. accident事故，偶然；C. education教育；D. diligence勤奋。根据“People don’t like to acknowledge the role of luck in their work”可知，人们不愿意承认运气在工作中的作用即大多数人低估了机遇的作用。故选A。 【37题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Williams补充说，人们不愿意承认运气在工作中的作用，因为它削弱了这种掌控感。A. emphasizes强调；B. overlooks忽视；C. maintains维持；D. weakens削弱。根据“We do a lot of work to prepare for our careers — education, training, taking advantage of mentoring — all of which tend to be in our control.”可知，我们为自己的职业生涯做了很多准备——教育、培训、利用导师——所有这些都在我们的掌控之中，而人们不愿意承认运气在工作中的作用，因为它削弱了这种掌控感。故选D。 【38题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每个人都记得努力工作，所以人们更有可能高估自己的成功在多大程度上取决于勤奋，而不是运气等更不可靠的因素。A. manageable可管理的；B. vital至关重要的；C. slippery不可靠的；D. minor次要的。根据“more likely to overestimate how much of their success is down to diligence”可知，人们更有可能高估自己的成功在多大程度上取决于勤奋，即相比于运气这种不可靠的因素，人们很大程度上认为成功取决于勤奋这种可靠的因素。故选C。 【39题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：成功的真实性（至少在收入方面）不那么明确。A. reputation名声；B. income收入；C. education教育；D. occupation职业。根据“In the UK, studies show where you are born is likely to determine how much you earn.”可知，后文通过举例在英国，研究表明，你的出生地很可能决定了你的收入，以收入来说明成功的真实性并不是那么明确。故选B。 【40题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：2017年的一项研究发现，存在“阶级薪酬差距”，来自贫困家庭的专业雇主，尽管与来自富裕家庭的同事有着相同的角色、教育和经验，但他们的年薪却少了近7000英镑。A. wealthier更富有的；B. poorer更穷的；C. unique独特的；D. diverse多样化的。根据“as colleagues from more privileged families.”可知，来自贫困家庭的专业雇主，尽管与来自富裕家庭的同事有着相同的角色、教育和经验，但他们的年薪却少了近7000英镑；此处将来自于贫穷的家庭和富裕家庭职员进行比较。故选B。 【41题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：同样，黑人毕业生每小时的收入比白人大学毕业生低23%，而英国女性的平均收入比男性低14%。A. Nevertheless然而；B. Contrarily相反地；C. Consequently因此；D. Similarly同样地。根据“black graduates earn up to 23% less per hour than white university leavers, whereas woman in the UK earn 14% less on average than men”可知，黑人毕业生每小时的收入比白人大学毕业生低23%，而英国女性的平均收入比男性低14%，此处同样说明了“阶级薪酬差距”的问题，表示“同样地”用similarly。故选D。 【42题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：社会经济地位在你进入的职业中也起着很大的作用。A. profession职业；B. circle圈子；C. community社区；D. university大学。根据“A recent study by the Debrett’s Foundation found seven in every 10 young people aged 16-25 use ___12___ to get their first job.”可知，6岁至25岁的年轻人中，每10人中就有7人利用家庭关系找到第一份工作，因此社会经济地位在你进入的职业中也起着很大的作用。故选A。 【43题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：德布雷特基金会最近的一项研究发现，16岁至25岁的年轻人中，每10人中就有7人利用家庭关系找到第一份工作。A. certificates证书；B. online platforms在线平台；C. career fairs职业招聘会；D. family connections家庭关系。根据“Socio-economic status also plays a big role in the ___11___ you enter.”可知，社会经济地位在你进入的职业中也起着很大的作用，最近的一项研究发现，16岁至25岁的年轻人中，每10人中就有7人利用家庭关系找到第一份工作。故选D。 【44题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：事实是：机会和巧合对我们职业生涯的贡献比我们想象的要大。A. contribute to有助于；B. result from由……引起；C. add to增加；D. hold back阻碍。根据前文“Of course, there’s an element of luck to everyone’s career.”以及“The reality of success (at least in terms of ___8___ ) is less clear cut.”以及“Socio-economic status also plays a big role in the ___11___ you enter.”可知，综合前文论述此处强调，在我们的职业生涯中成功不仅仅依赖于个人的努力和天赋，运气和偶然事件在职业发展中也扮演了重要角色，即机会和巧合对我们职业生涯的贡献比我们想象的要大。故选A。 【45题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：意识到你的职业生涯中有一部分是你无法控制的，这听起来令人沮丧，但对运气在你的职业生涯中扮演的角色心存感激，实际上会让你更加幸运。A. inspiring鼓舞人心的；B. encouraging鼓励的；C. appealing吸引人的；D. discouraging令人气馁的。根据“but being grateful for the role of luck in your career can actually make you more fortunate.”可知，虽然意识到你的职业生涯中有一部分是你无法控制的，这听起来令人沮丧，但对运气在你的职业生涯中扮演的角色心存感激，实际上会让你更加幸运，此处前后构成转折关系。故选D。 46题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：偶然事件会发生，但这完全取决于个人是否准备好将这些事件视为可能性，以及他们是否愿意冒险。A. reluctance不情愿；B. eagerness渴望；C. readiness准备就绪；D. resolution决心。根据“to see those events as possibilities and their willingness to take a risk,”可知，偶然事件会发生，但这完全取决于个人是否准备好将这些事件视为可能性，以及他们是否愿意冒险。故选C。 Section B Passages （A） When you think about coffee alternatives, garlic is probably one of the last things that comes to mind, but that is exactly the ingredient that one Japanese inventor used to create a drink that looks and tastes like coffee. 74-year-old Yokitomo Shimotai, a coffee shop owner in Aomori Prefecture, Japan, claims that his unique “garlic coffee” is the result of a cooking blunder he made over 30 years ago, when he burned a steak and garlic while waiting tables at the same time. Intrigued by the scorched garlic’s aroma, he mashed it up with a spoon and mixed it with hot water. The resulting drink looked and tasted a lot like coffee. Making a mental note of his discovery, Yokimoto carried on with his job, and only started researching garlic coffee again after he retired. Committed to turning his weird drink into a commercial product, Yokitomo Shimotai spent years optimizing the formula, and about five years ago, he finally achieved a result he was satisfied with. To make his dissolvable garlic grounds, he roasts the cloves in an electric oven, and, after they’ve cooled off, smashes them into fine particles and packs them in dripbags. “My drink is probably the world’s first of its kind,” the garlic coffee inventor told Kyodo News. “It contains no caffeine so it’s good for those who would like to drink coffee at night or pregnant women.” “The bitterness of burned garlic apparently helps create the coffee-like flavor,” Shimotai adds. He claims that, although his garlic coffee does give off an aroma of roasted garlic, it doesn’t cause bad breath, because the garlic is thoroughly cooked. And if you can get past the smell, the drink apparently does taste a lot like actual coffee. If decaf isn’t good enough for you, and you’re in the mood for something new, you can try Yokitomo Shimotai’s garlic coffee at his shop, in the city of Ninohc, Iwate Prefecture, or buy your own dripbags for just 324 yen($2.8). 47. Which word is the closest in meaning to the underlined word“blunder”in the second paragraph? A. mistake B. show C. mixture D. brand 48. Who is not suitable to drink garlic coffee? A. A woman bearing a baby. B. A student having trouble with sleep. C. A cleaner working on a day shift. D. A young lady sick of garlic. 49. Which of the following is not characteristic of garlic coffee? A. It is caffeine-free. B. Garlic powder dissolves in water. C. The burnt garlic creates bitterness. D. It is an improvement on a garlic dish. 50. Which of the following can be used to describe Yokitomo Shimotai? A. venturous and greedy B. innovative and perseverant C. hardworking and cautious D. observant and helpful 【答案】47. A 48. D 49. D 50. B 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一位74岁的日本老人发明了独特的大蒜咖啡。 【47题详解】 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“when he burned a steak and garlic while waiting tables at the same time. Intrigued by the scorched garlic’s aroma, he mashed it up with a spoon and mixed it with hot water. The resulting drink looked and tasted a lot like coffee.”可知，当时他在上菜的时候烧了牛排和大蒜，他被烧焦的大蒜香味所吸引，用勺子把它捣碎，然后和热水混合，由此产生的饮料看起来和尝起来很像咖啡，也就是说大蒜咖啡源于他30年前烧菜时无意中犯的一个错误，并不是有意为之，由此可知画线词词义为“错误”，故A项正确。 【48题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“And if you can get past the smell, the drink apparently does taste a lot like actual coffee.”可知，如果你能克服大蒜的香味，那么大蒜咖啡的味道显然很像真正的咖啡，而讨厌大蒜的人不可能克服大蒜的味道，由此可知，讨厌大蒜的年轻女士不适合喝大蒜咖啡，故D项正确。 【49题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“To make his dissolvable garlic grounds”可知，大蒜咖啡粉可溶于水；根据倒数第三段中的“It contains no caffeine”可知，大蒜咖啡不含咖啡因；根据倒数第二段中的“The bitterness of burned garlic apparently helps create the coffee-like flavor”可知，大蒜烧焦后的苦味显然有助于产生咖啡般的味道，以上三点都是大蒜咖啡的特点，而没有说它是对大蒜菜的改进，故D项正确。 【50题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“his unique “garlic coffee” is the result of a cooking blunder he made over 30 years ago”可知，他由30年前烧菜时无意中犯的一个错误而想出了研制大蒜咖啡的想法，这说明他善于创新，根据第三段中的“Committed to turning his weird drink into a commercial product, Yokitomo Shimotai spent years optimizing the formula”可知，他致力于将自己的怪异饮料转变为商业产品，用了多年时间优化配方，这说明他做事持之以恒，由此可知，他具有创新和持之以恒的精神，故B项正确。 【点睛】词义猜测题的难度较大，对画线词上下文的理解是关键，例如本篇第1题，根据画线词后的“when he burned a steak and garlic while waiting tables at the same time. Intrigued by the scorched garlic’s aroma, he mashed it up with a spoon and mixed it with hot water. The resulting drink looked and tasted a lot like coffee.”可知，当时他在上菜的时候烧了牛排和大蒜，他被烧焦的大蒜香味所吸引，用勺子把它捣碎，然后和热水混合，由此产生的饮料看起来和尝起来很像咖啡，也就是说大蒜咖啡不是他刻意研制的，而是源于30年前烧菜时无意中犯的一个错误，由此可知画线词词义为“错误”，故A项正确。 （B） The Sleep of Your Dreams According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a third of us don’t get nearly enough shut-eye. Our collective tiredness has promoted a $41 billion market for devices promising more — and higher-quality — sleep. In my everlasting search for downtime, I tested some of the most promising ones. Here’s how they stacked up. Eight sleep tracker $299 This mattress (床垫) topper fits under a sheet and “turns any bed into a smart bed,” according to Eight. While I slept, the sensor-decorated pad gathered data like heart rate, periods of deepest sleep, and number of turns. It was easy to use, and I liked the warming feature, which let me set each side of the bed to a different temperature. REM Score: 8 (out of 10) Dreampad pillow $149 and up The Dreampad uses smooth soundscapes to help you power down. Connect the device to your phone via Bluetooth or USB, and the pillow emits soft music, audible only to you as you lay your head down. There are ten tracks on offer. I didn’t drift off any faster with the Dreampad, but it did help me fall back asleep when I woke up at night. REM Score:6 Smart Nora Wireless Snoring Solution $299 My eight-hour restful happiness is frequently interrupted by my husband’s snoring. The Smart Nora relieves me of the need to push him. When the bedside audio sensor detects a breathing disturbance, it slowly blows up the offender’s pillow, gently shifting them into a freer-breathing position. My husband sometimes woke up briefly but was soon asleep again. REM Score: 8 Nightingale Smart Home Sleep System $149 The Nightingale is hi-tech. Two app-enabled units wrap the room in a blanket of warm sound. You can also program the system to provide weather and traffic information when you wake up. The only downside: in standby mode, it emits a faint noise. REM Score: 9 * REM: rapid eye movement (describes a period of sleep during which you dream and your eyes make small movements) 51. By “how they stacked up” in paragraph 1, the author probably means “how they ______.” A. make sense to manufacturers B. get stuck in stores C. are compared with each other D. are piled up together 52. Which of the following devices favourably reacts to users? A. Dreampad pillow B. Eight sleep tracker C. Smart Nora Wireless Snoring Solution D. Nightingale Smart Home Sleep System 53. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. The Eight keeps the entire bed at the same temperature. B. The Nightingale, is an economical but perfect device. C. Soft music is applied to all these four devices. D. One in three people suffer from sleep problem. 【答案】51. C 52. C 53. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要针对几款睡眠辅助设备的功能、使用体验及效果进行评价。 【51题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章第一段“Our collective tiredness has promoted a $41 billion market for devices promising more—and higher-quality—sleep. In my everlasting search for downtime, I tested some of the most promising ones. (我们集体的疲惫促进了价值410亿美元的市场，市场上充斥着各种承诺带来更高质量睡眠的设备。在我无休止地寻求休息时间的过程中，我测试了一些最具有前景的设备)”及下文的四个表格内容可知，作者测试了不同的设备，并对他们进行比对，故“how they stacked up”与C项“它们是如何相互比较的”意义相近。故选C。 【52题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章Smart Nora Wireless Snoring Solution部分“The Smart Nora relieves me of the need to push him. When the bedside audio sensor detects a breathing disturbance, it slowly blows up the offender’s pillow, gently shifting them into a freer-breathing position.(Smart Nora让我免去了推他的需要。当床边的音频传感器检测到呼吸扰动时，它会慢慢给打鼾者的枕头充气，温柔地让他们调整到更自由呼吸的姿势)”可知，Smart Nora Wireless Snoring Solution可以让打鼾者调整到更自由呼吸的姿势，做出对用户有利的回应。故选C。 【53题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a third of us don’t get nearly enough shut-eye.(根据美国疾病控制与预防中心的数据，我们中有三分之一的人没有得到足够的睡眠)”可知，三分之一的人有睡眠问题。故选D。 （C） One way to divide up the world is between people who like to explore new possibilities and those who stick to the tried and true. In fact, the tension between betting on a sure thing and taking a chance that something unexpected and wonderful might happen troubles human and nonhuman animals alike. Take songbirds, for example. The half-dozen finches (雀) resting at my desk feeder all summer know exactly what they'll find there: black sunflower seed, and lots of it. Meanwhile, the warblers (莺) exploring the woods nearby don't depend on this predictable food source in fine weather. As food hunters, they enjoy less exposure to predators and, as a bonus, the chance to meet the perfect mate flying from tree to tree. This "explore-exploit" trade-off (权衡) has prompted scores of lab studies, computer simulations and algorithms (算法) trying to determine which strategy brings in the greatest reward. Now a new study of human behavior in the real world, published last month in the journal Nature Communications, shows that in good times, there isn't much of a difference between pursuing novelty and sticking to the status quo (原状) When the going gets tough, however, explorers are the winners. The new study, led by Shay O'Farrell and James Sanchirico, both of the University of California, Davis, along with Orr Spiegel of Tel Aviv University, examined the routes and results of nearly 2,500 commercial fishing trips in the Gulf of Mexico over a period of 2.5 years. The study focused on "bottom longline" fishing, a system where hundreds of lines are attached to a horizontal bar that is then lowered to reach the sea bed. Dr. O'Farrell explained the procedure this way: Go to a location and put the line down. Stay for a few hours. The lines are a mile long and have a buoy (浮标) at either end. When they pull that up, they assess the catch, and then decide if they will stay or move on to a different spot. Over two years of collecting data under various climate conditions, the researchers discovered that the fishermen were fairly consistent. "The exploiters would go to a smaller set of locations over and over, and go with what they know," Dr. O'Farrell said. The explorers would constantly try a wider range; they'd sample new places. In the long run, there wasn't a huge difference in payoffs between the two groups, perhaps due to the sharing information between fishing crews, said Dr. O'Farrell. But in challenging times, the study's message was clear: "You can try new things in the face of uncertainty." 54. The author takes the songbird as an example to indicate that _____. A. like birds, humans tend to be satisfied with the predictable B. some birds are used to looking for food instead of being fed C. there exist the conservative and the adventurous like humans D. birds choose different ways to look for food in different weather 55. According to the third paragraph, people who mastered "explore-exploit" trade-off _____. A. will choose either to pursue novelty or keep the status quo B. are ready to risk in time of difficulty C. will be tough in good times and bad times D. will grow to be experts in lab studies 56. Which can be inferred from the new study led by Shay O'Farrell and James Sanchirico? A. The two groups react to the unexpected differently. B. The "explore-exploit" trade-off helps scientific research a lot. C. The exploiters are used to fishing based solely on their experience. D. The explorers tend to achieve more than the exploiters in the long run. 57. Which of the following can be the best title for passage? A. How the Exploiter differs from the Explorer B. How to Become a Productive Fisherman C. What is "Explore-Exploit" Trade-off D. When to take risks matters 【答案】54. C 55. B 56. A 57. D 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了上个月发表在《自然通讯》杂志上的一项关于人类在现实世界中行为的新研究表明，在稳定时期，追求新奇与坚持现状没有太大区别，但在充满挑战的时期，面对不确定性，人们更应该尝试新事物，冒险者才是赢家。 【54题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“In fact, the tension between betting on a sure thing and taking a chance that something unexpected and wonderful might happen troubles human and nonhuman animals alike.”可知，事实上，在确定的事情上下注和冒险一些意想不到的美妙事情可能发生之间的紧张关系困扰着人类和非人类动物。根据第二段“Take songbirds, for example.”以以鸣禽为例。由此判断出，作者以鸣禽为例，说明像人类一样保守和冒险在动物间也是存在的。故选C项。 【55题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“This "explore-exploit" trade-off (权衡) has prompted scores of lab studies, computer simulations and algorithms (算法) trying to determine which strategy brings in the greatest reward. When the going gets tough, however, explorers are the winners.”可知， 这种“探索-利用”的权衡促使了大量的实验室研究、计算机模拟和算法，试图确定哪种策略能带来最大的回报。在充满挑战的时期，冒险者才是赢家。由此判断出，掌握了“探索-利用”权衡的人，在困难时期随时准备冒险。故选B项。 【56题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“The exploiters would go to a smaller set of locations over and over, and go with what they know," Dr. O'Farrell said. The explorers would constantly try a wider range; they'd sample new places. ”可知，奥法雷尔博士说：“这些开发者会一次又一次地去一个较小的地点，并按照他们所知道的去做。探险家们会不断地尝试更广阔的范围；他们不断尝试新的地点。由此判断出，两组人对未预料的事情的反应不同。故选A项。 【57题详解】 主旨大意题。短文介绍了上个月发表在《自然通讯》杂志上的一项关于人类在现实世界中行为的新研究表明，在稳定时期，追求新奇与坚持现状没有太大区别，但在充满挑战的时期，面对不确定性，人们更应该尝试新事物，冒险者才是赢家。所以短文的最佳标题为“何时冒险很重要”。故选D项。 Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Maya loved cacao so much that they used the beans as currency. They also believed it is good for you — which many people still say today about cacao’s most famous byproduct, chocolate. ___58___. While some have suggested that less than an ounce of dark chocolate might improve heart health, much of the research doesn’t involve eating actual chocolate but rather its components-flavanol, especially. ___59___. In a clinical trial of 21,000 adults, they found that the half of the group that took500mg of. cocoa flavanol supplements daily had a significantly lower risk of death from cardiovascular disease than those who had taken a placebo (安慰剂). Flavanols may also boost insulin sensitivity, according to some studies, which might be helpful in reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes (糖尿病). ___60___. Those at risk of diabetes might be wise to choose a cacao-inspired supplement instead of eating chocolate — and the sugar it contains. Other research suggests that the flavanols found in cacao (also present in fruits, vegetables, and tea) could slow cognitive decline during aging, or even boost brain performance by improving blood flow to the cerebral cortex. What these findings mean for chocolate is limited, however. Participants would have had to eat multiple fat and sugar filled chocolate bars a day to source 500mg of flavanols. ___61___. So understanding why certain types of chocolate are healthier than the rest is the focus of further research. A. Cacao contains hundreds of bioactive plant compounds, including flavanols, which have been associated with numerous possible health benefits. B. In 2022, Sesso and colleagues found compelling evidence for the benefits of flavanols. C. But the results aren’t conclusive. D. Spurred by chocolate’s popularity, numerous studies have explored bow the natural chemical compounds found in cocoa might be good for human health. E. All chocolates are definitely not created equal. F But there’s still more research to be done to understand these effects. 【答案】58. D 59. B 60. C 61. E 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了可可中的黄烷醇成分对人体有多种益处，包括降低心血管疾病风险、提高胰岛素敏感性和可能改善大脑性能。然而，直接从巧克力中获取足够量的黄烷醇并不容易，需要进一步研究以了解为何某些类型的巧克力比其他类型更健康。 【58题详解】 根据上文“The Maya loved cacao so much that they used the beans as currency. They also believed it is good for you—which many people still say today about cacao’s most famous byproduct, chocolate.(玛雅人非常喜欢可可，他们用可可豆作为货币。他们还相信它对你有好处——今天许多人对可可最著名的副产品巧克力仍然这么说。)”可知，提到玛雅人非常喜爱可可，认为它对身体有好处，而且许多人至今仍认为巧克力（可可的副产品）对身体有好处。因此，可以推断出许多人正在研究可可中的天然化合物对人类健康的好处。D项：Spurred by chocolate’s popularity, numerous studies have explored bow the natural chemical compounds found in cocoa might be good for human health.(在巧克力受欢迎的刺激下，许多研究探索了可可中发现的天然化合物是如何对人体健康有益的。)符合语境。故选D。 【59题详解】 根据下文“In a clinical trial of 21,000 adults, they found that the half of the group that took500mg of cocoa flavanol supplements daily had a significantly lower risk of death from cardiovascular disease than those who had taken a placebo (安慰剂).(在一项对21000名成年人进行的临床试验中，他们发现，服用500毫克。每天服用可可黄烷醇补充剂的人死于心血管疾病的风险明显低于服用安慰剂的人。)”可知，下文提到了一项对21000名成年人的临床试验，而选项B中提到了Sesso及其同事在2022年发现了黄烷醇的显著益处，这与下文的临床试验结果相呼应。下文中的“they”和B项中的“Sesso and colleagues”对应。B项：In 2022, Sesso and colleagues found compelling evidence for the benefits of flavanols.(2022年，Sesso和他的同事发现了黄烷醇有益健康的有力证据。)符合语境。故选B。 【60题详解】 根据上文“Flavanols may also boost insulin sensitivity, according to some studies, which might be helpful in reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes (糖尿病).(根据一些研究，黄烷醇还可以提高胰岛素敏感性，这可能有助于降低患2型糖尿病的风险。)”和下文“Those at risk of diabetes might be wise to choose a cacao-inspired supplement instead of eating chocolate — and the sugar it contains.(对于那些有糖尿病风险的人来说，明智的做法是选择以可可为灵感的补充剂，而不是吃巧克力和它所含的糖。)”可知，对于有糖尿病风险的人来说，还要注意控糖，推断出研究结果不是决定性的。C项：But the results aren’t conclusive.(但结果并不是决定性的。)符合语境。故选C。 【61题详解】 根据下文“So understanding why certain types of chocolate are healthier than the rest is the focus of further research.(因此，了解为什么某些类型的巧克力比其他类型的巧克力更健康是进一步研究的重点。)”可知，巧克力有不同的类型，说明并非所有巧克力都一样。E项：All chocolates are definitely not created equal.(并非所有的巧克力都是一样的。)符合语境。故选E。 IV．Fill in the Blanks 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 How sneaker culture took over the world Sneakers have come a long way from when they were first invented in 1860s England for the upper-class playing croquet (槌球) and tennis. Long worn for function ___62___ fashion, today sneakers have become an entire culture—both a form of self-expression and a high art found in museum exhibits and designer auction houses. ___63___ transformed sneaker culture into a true phenomenon was the 1985 release of Nike’s Air Jordan 1s. In 1984, Michael Jordan was a talented rookie who had yet to play in a professional game. ___64___ that, Nike saw Jordan as the future of their brand, signing him to a five-year, $2.5 million endorsement (代言) deal. ___65___ Jordan matured into one of the greatest basketball players of all time, the sneaker’s popularity skyrocketed. Meanwhile, another cultural shift ___66___ (take) place with casual Fridays introduced in white-collar businesses. It was when men were allowed to put aside their suits and wear something one day a week that showed people who they really were. As sneakers became increasingly desired, footwear companies turned to ___67___(generate) even more publicity by collaborating with celebrities and luxury brands, as well as releasing small batches of limited-edition shoes with eye-pop ping designs. Celebrities also started their collaborations with sneaker brands, which helped target a whole new demographic of people to experience sneaker culture. It was a blending of high and low fashion, ___68___ the shoe industry has never really seen before. A pair that Jordan wore in his legendary final NBA season ___69___ (sell) even for $2.2 mllion, making them the most expensive sneakers ever to appear at auction. By the mid-2010s, speakers ___70___ (become) solid gold status symbols. Wearing rare and cool sneakers became an expression of one’s social status. But not until recently, sneakers are finally getting their due as part of our cultural heritage—and particularly how Black culture has shaped that heritage. It took decades for the sneaker industry to recognize that _____71_____ these Black athletes or artists that championed their products, there would be no sneaker culture. 【答案】62. rather than##instead of 63. What 64. Despite 65. As 66. was taking 67. generating 68. which 69. was sold##sold 70. had become 71. without 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是运动鞋文化是如何风靡全球的。 【62题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：长期以来，人们穿着运动鞋是为了功能而不是时尚，如今，运动鞋已经成为一种完整的文化——既是一种自我表达的形式，也是博物馆展品和设计师拍卖行的高级艺术。结合句意可知，空前的functions与空后的fashion之间为表示转折关系，所以此处表示“而不是”应为rather than或者instead of。故填rather than/instead of。 【63题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：使运动鞋文化真正成为一种现象的是1985年耐克发布的飞人乔丹1s。此空位连接词引导的主语从句，从句中缺少主语，结合句意，此处表示的是事情，所以使用what，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填What。 64题详解】 考查介词。句意：尽管如此，耐克还是将乔丹视为他们品牌的未来，与他签下了一份5年250万美元的代言合同。结合句意可知，此空所在的句子与上文之间为内容为让步关系，空后为名词，所以此处应为介词，表示“尽管”应为despite，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Despite。 【65题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：随着乔丹成长为有史以来最伟大的篮球运动员之一，这款球鞋的受欢迎程度直线上升。结合句意可知，此处应为连词引导的时间状语从句，表示“随着”应为连词as，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填As。 【66题详解】 考查谓语动词。句意：与此同时，另一种文化转变正在发生，白领企业引入了星期五便装日。此空为谓语动词，根据句意和空间的时间状语meanwhile以及下文中的“with casual Fridays introduced in white-collar businesses”可知，此处表示的是动作正在进行，且全文讲述的是运动鞋文化的历史，应发生在过去，所以此处使用过去进行时，且主语another cultural shift为单数形式。故填was taking。 【67题详解】 考查动名词。句意：随着人们对运动鞋需求越来越大，鞋类公司开始与名人和奢侈品牌合作，并推出小批量的限量版运动鞋，这些鞋子的设计令人瞠目。此空为非谓语动词作宾语，根据turn to意为“转向”符合句意，且to为介词，所以此处使用动名词形式作宾语。故填generating。 【68题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：这是一种高级和低级时尚的融合，这是鞋业以前从未见过的。此空为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少seen的宾语，所以使用关系代词，且先行词a blending of high and low fashion指的是事情，所以此处使用关系代词which。故填which。 【69题详解】 考查谓语动词。句意：乔丹在传奇的NBA最后一个赛季所穿的一双球鞋甚至以220万美元的价格售出，成为有史以来拍卖价格最高的球鞋。此空为谓语动词，结合语境可知，此处讲述的是乔丹时代的事情，所以使用一般过去时，结合句意，此处可以理解为鞋子被以220万美元的价格售出，强调动作，所以使用一般过去时的被动语态，主语A pair为单数，所以谓语动词可以为was sold；也可以理解为一种结果，表示状态，所以使用主动形式，所以谓语动词也可以为sold。故填was sold/sold。 【70题详解】 考查谓语动词。句意：到2010年代中期，演讲者已经成为纯金的地位象征。此空为句子的谓语，根据时间状语“By the mid-2010s”可知，此处应使用过去完成时，且become与主语speakers之间为主动关系，所以此处使用had become。故填had become。 【71题详解】 考查介词。句意：球鞋行业花了几十年的时间才认识到，没有这些黑人运动员或艺术家支持他们的产品，就没有球鞋文化。结合句意和下文中的“there would be no sneaker culture.”可知，此处应为含蓄条件引出的虚拟语气，空后为名词短语，所以此处应为介词，结合句意，此处表示的是“没有”应为介词without。故填without。 V．Translations 72. 结果看来这项传统的确值得传承给我们的后代。（turn）（汉译英） ___________________________________________________________ 【答案】It turned out that this tradition was worth passing down to our future generations. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句式和一般过去时。表示“结果看来”应用固定句式it turns out that，表示“这项传统”应用this tradition作从句的主语，为第三人称单数。表示“值得被……”应用be worth doing，表示“传承给”应用动词短语pass down to，表示“我们的后代”应用our future generations。此处描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。再结合其它汉语意思，故翻译为It turned out that this tradition was worth passing down to our future generations. 73. 由于不断上升的犯罪率，公众指责警方忽视了其确保公共安全的职责。(criticize) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________ 【答案】On account of/Due to the rising crime rates, the public criticized the police for neglecting their duty to ensure public safety/security. 【解析】 【详解】考查介词短语、动词（短语）、名词（短语）和非谓语动词。句子可看作是描述过去发生的事情，时态宜用一般过去时。“由于不断上升的犯罪率”是原因状语，可用介词短语on account of或due to表示“由于”，其宾语“不断上升的犯罪率”可用名词短语the rising crime rates；主语“公众”可用名词the public；“因做某事而指责某人”可用动词短语criticize sb. for doing sth.，criticize需用过去式形式；criticized的宾语“警方”可用名词the police；for的宾语“忽视了其……的职责”可用动名词短语neglecting their duty to do sth.，“确保公共安全”可用动词短语ensure public safety/security。故翻译为On account of/Due to the rising crime rates, the public criticized the police for neglecting their duty to ensure public safety/security. 74. 尽管最近失败了好几次，但他并没有放弃追求梦想，因为他明白坚持不懈是取得成功的唯一关键。（despite）（汉译英） ___________________________________________________________ 【答案】Despite several recent failures, he doesn’t give up pursuing (his) dreams, because he understands that perseverance is the only key to achieving success. 【解析】 【详解】考查状语从句和动词时态。陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，表示“尽管”应用despite；表示“最近失败了好几次”应用several recent failures；表示“他”应用he；表示“并没有”应用助动词doesn’t；表示“放弃”应用give up，位于助动词后面，使用动词原形；表示“追求梦想”应用pursue (his) dreams，位于介词up后面，pursue使用动名词形式；表示“因为”应用because；表示“理解”应用understand，此处使用第三人称单数形式；表示“坚持”应用perseverance；表示“是”应用be，主语为不可数名词，be动词用is；表示“……的唯一关键”应用the only key to；表示“取得”应用achieve，位于介词to后面，使用动名词形式；表示“成功”应用success；understand后面为宾语从句，从句不缺成分，引导词没有含义，需用连接词that引导。故翻译成：Despite several recent failures, he doesn’t give up pursuing (his) dreams, because he understands that perseverance is the only key to achieving success. 1-5 ADCCD 6-10 CBDAC 11-15 CDBCD 16-20 BDCCD 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$