专题03 阅读理解说明文2024真题6篇+实用技法+9类27篇押题预测-2023-2024学年下学期高二英语期终考试备考宝典

《《2023-2024学年下学期高二英语期终考试备考宝典》》 专题03阅读理解说明文2024真题6篇+实用技法+9类27篇押题预测 原卷版 目录 一、2024阅读理解说明文真题演练6篇 P1 二、阅读理解说明文超实用技法妙招 P7 三、阅读理解说明文-事件评价题3篇 P8 四、阅读理解说明文-态度推断题3篇 P11 五、阅读理解说明文-预测下段题3篇 P13 六、阅读理解说明文-写作手法题3篇 P16 七、阅读理解说明文-段落大意题3篇 P19 八、阅读理解说明文-文章大意题3篇 P22 九、阅读理解说明文-段落例证题3篇 P25 十、阅读理解说明文-意图推断题3篇 P28 十一、阅读理解说明文-标题概括题3篇 P31 一、2024阅读理解说明文真题演练 01（2024新课标I卷C+D篇） C Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no.” The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks – like identifying the main idea in a reading passage – to ones that require mental abstraction – such as drawing inferences from a text. The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page. But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说).” According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies – say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 28. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain. C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice. 29. What does the shallowing hypothesis assume? A. Readers treat digital texts lightly. B. Digital texts are simpler to understand. C. People select digital texts randomly. D. Digital texts are suitable for social media. 30. Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers? A. They can hold students’ attention. B. They are more convenient to prepare. C. They help develop advanced skills. D. They are more informative than text. 31. What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques. B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material. C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education. D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored. D In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect. “With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?” Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns. “We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features. What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity? “Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places – and even species – that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.” 32. What do we know about the records of species collected now? A. They are becoming outdated. B. They are mostly in electronic form. C. They are limited in number. D. They are used for public exhibition. 33. What does Daru’s study focus on? A. Threatened species. B. Physical specimens. C. Observational data. D. Mobile applications. 34. What has led to the biases according to the study? A. Mistakes in data analysis. B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures. C. Improper way of sampling. D. Unreliable data collection devices. 35. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps? A. Review data from certain areas. B. Hire experts to check the records. C. Confirm the identity of the users. D. Give guidance to citizen scientists. 02（2024新课标II卷C+D篇） C We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started. Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. 28. What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1? A. It guarantees the variety of food. B. It requires day-to-day care. C. It cuts the farm-to-table distance. D. It relies on farmer’s markets. 29. What information does the convenient app offer? A. Real-time weather changes. B. Current condition of the plants. C. Chemical pollutants in the soil. D. Availability of pre-seeded pods. 30. What can be concluded about BMF employees? A. They have a great passion for sports. B. They are devoted to community service. C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences. D They have a strong environmental awareness. 31. What does the text mainly talk about? A. BMF’s major strengths. B. BMF’s general management. C. BMF’s global influence. D. BMF’s technical standards. D Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now-several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI-the technology companies and world leaders-so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with Al to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. 32. What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. If read by someone poorly educated. B. If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned. C. If written by someone less competent. D. If translated by someone unacademic. 33. What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text? A. It is packed with complex codes. B. It adopts a down-to-earth writing style. C. It provides step-by-step instructions. D. It is intended for AI professionals. 34. What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development? A. Observe existing regulations on it. B. Reconsider expert opinions about it. C. Make joint efforts to keep it under control. D. Learn from prior experience to slow it down. 35. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To recommend a book on AI. B. To give a brief account of AI history. C. To clarify the definition of AI. D. To honor an outstanding AI expert. 03（2024全国甲卷C+D篇） C The Saint Lukas train doesn’t accept passengers—it accepts only the sick. The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural(乡村)populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions. “People started queuing to make an appointment early in the morning,” says Emile Ducke, a German photographer who traveled with the staff of the Saint Lukas for a two-week trip in November through the vast regions(区域)of Krasnoyarsk and Khakassia. Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor’s appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation. For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock(补给). Then it starts all over again the next month. Most stations wait about a year between visits. Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ” 28. How is the Saint Lukas different from other trains? A. It runs across countries. B. It reserves seats for the seniors. C. It functions as a hospital. D. It travels along a river. 29. What can we infer from paragraph 3 about Krasnoyarsk? A. It is heavily populated. B. It offers training for doctors. C. It is a modern city. D. It needs medical aid. 30. How long can the Saint Lukas work with one supply? A. About a year. B. About ten months. C. About two months. D. About two weeks. 31. What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services? A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful C. Ambiguous. D. Cautious. D “I didn’t like the ending,” I said to my favorite college professor. It was my junior year of undergraduate, and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending. Prof. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not. He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters, endings that satisfied the story even if they didn’t have a traditionally positive outcome. Of course, I would have preferred a different ending for Tom and Maggie Tulliver, but the ending they got did make the most sense for them. This was an aha moment for me, and I never thought about endings the same way again. From then on, if I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy, I’d pick up a love romance. If I wanted an ending I couldn’t guess, I’d pick up a mystery (悬疑小说). One where I kind of knew what was going to happen, historical fiction. Choosing what to read became easier. But writing the end—that’s hard. It’s hard for writers because endings carry so much weight with readers. You have to balance creating an ending that's unpredictable, but doesn’t seem to come from nowhere, one that fits what’s right for the characters. That’s why this issue (期) of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you’re doing. If it’s short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work. This issue won’t tell you what your ending should be—that’s up to you and the story you’re telling—bu it might provide what you need to get there. 32. Why did the author go to Prof. Gracie? A. To discuss a novel. B. To submit a book report. C. To argue for a writer. D. To ask for a reading list. 33. What did the author realize after seeing Gracie? A. Writing is a matter of personal preferences. B. Readers are often carried away by character. C. Each type of literature has its unique end. D. A story which begins well will end well. 34. What is expected of a good ending? A It satisfies readers’ taste. B. It fits with the story development. C. It is usually positive. D. It is open for imagination. 35. Why does the author mention Peter Mountford and Elizabeth Sims? A. To give examples of great novelists. B. To stress the theme of this issue. C. To encourage writing for the magazine. D. To recommend their new books. 二、阅读理解说明文超实用技法妙招 1.阅读理解说明文细节理解题注意落实“定位原文”和“同义替换”技巧。 2.重视说明文“倒三角形”结构，特别是首段和段首的独特引领作用。 3.标题概括题重视三性：概括性、简洁性和新颖性和反复出现的关键词。 4.说明文长难句较多落实“括号法”，(从句+非谓语+介词短语)。 5.事件评价题重视原文定位，尤其是涉及褒贬性的动词和形容词。 6.态度推断题首先要突破常见态度类形容词，再抓原文定位抠细节。 7.预测下段题90%需要结合尾段甚至最后一句推测下段主题。 8.写作手法题首先要注意定位段落和关键词如for example等。 9.段落大意题先定位好具体段落，寻找主题句，尤其是段首句。 10.文章大意题重视首段概括和尾段照应作用，留意选项关键词。 11.段落例证题若首段多导入话题，其它段落先定位再做判断。 12.意图推断题需要结合文章主旨和具体段落，意图服务于主旨。 13.标题概括题侧重首段首句及文章关键词，同时运用排除法。 14.满分目标：先题后文+原文定位作标记留痕迹+对比选项防大意。 三、阅读理解说明文-事件评价题3篇 （23-24高二下·贵州贵阳·阶段练习）Saving Us: A Climate Scientist's Case for Hope and Healing in a Divided World is one of the most important books about climate change to have been written. Hayhoe is a gifted public speaker and Saving Us is a follow-up to her awesome TED talk in 2018, “The most important thing you can do to fight climate change: talk about it. ”      One of the many refreshing aspects of this book is that Hayhoe recounts both her successes and her failures to communicate, through which she has gathered evidence about what works and what does not. Much of the book's advice is common sense, all backed up not just by Hayhoe's experience but also with convincing research by psychologists and social scientists. Hayhoe advises against trying to engage with a small minority, the “Dismissives”, who “angrily reject the idea that human-caused climate change is a threat; they are most receptive (易接受的) to misinformation and conspiracy theories (阴谋论)”. There is a warning that offering up more facts about climate change can actually increase polarisation(两极化)  among them. The book includes amusing examples of her encounters with the “Dismissives” , almost entirely older men — including an engineer who was unconvinced about the evidence but with whom she was able to establish mutual (相互的) respect through a shared passion for knitting (打毛线衣) — and is packed with inspiring accounts of how she has won over even the most suspicious of crowds. Her motto is “bond, connect and inspire” , which represents her approach of always looking for points of commonality. She also tells of a man who approached her after an event in London in 2019. He had been so inspired by her TED talk that he had started to speak to everybody he could in his neighborhood of Wandsworth. He showed her details of 12,000 conversations that had taken place as a result, claiming that they had helped to convince the government to declare a climate emergency and to switch investments from fossil fuels to renewable energy. And so, while it may feel difficult to influence the outcome of the COP26, Hayhoe’s uplifting book makes a persuasive case that we can all do our bit to bring about success just by talking about the issue. 1. What does the book mainly focus on? A. Promoting people's insight into climate change. B. Introducing presentation skills with TED talks. C. Sharing communication tips on climate change. D. Developing critical thinking through literature. 2. Which of the following best describes the advice in the book? A. Humorous but one-sided. B. Novel and interesting. C. Serious and hard to follow. D. Well-based and workable. 3. What did Hayhoe do to win over the "Dismissives"? A. She changed their political identity. B. She sought common ground by bonding. C. She challenged their fundamental beliefs. D. She provided more facts about climate change. 4. What does the author intend to say by telling the story in Paragraph 5? A. Talks can affect climate decision-making. B. The shift to renewable energy is unstoppable. C. Policymakers turn a blind eye to climate change. D. We need to call on people to prepare for the climate crisis. （23-24高二下·河南·阶段练习）Fresco（湿壁画）refers to painting techniques used on plaster（石膏）. Popular during the Renaissance period, especially in Italy, frescoes were usually used to decorate walls of public buildings. The purest type of fresco painting, also known as "buon fresco", involves mixing pigments（颜料） directly with wet plaster. The color is thus actually part of the material, rather than a coating on top of it. The colors of a buon fresco are especially vibrant and long-lasting; the Bull-Leaping Fresco in Knossos, Crete was created around the 17th-15th centuries BCE, but the colors are still clear today. However, this technique is not without its unique disadvantages. For one thing, colors look different when they are wet than when they are dry. Artists of the time typically mixed their own plaster and color mixtures, working quickly to finish a part of a mural（壁画） before the plaster dried. The mixture they created the next time might have been a slightly different shade. If you look carefully at the frescoes on the Sistine Chapel, you can see which parts must have been completed in a single session by the faint differences in colors. Fresco secco requires something to be added to the paint to make it stick to the dry plaster. This technique is sometimes used to repair a buon fresco that has been damaged, although the colors are generally not as bright. However, some colors actually worked better with fresco secco. During the Renaissance period, the available pigments for creating blue did not mix well with wet plaster; for this reason, skies, water, and blue clothing sometimes were painted as fresco secco after the buon fresco had dried. In 1997, the frescoes by Giotto di Bondone in the Basilica of St. Francis in Assisi, Italy were damaged in an earthquake. 150 restorers spent five years gathering 60,000 pieces that they could find and set them back into place, much like a puzzle, although about 35 percent of the frescoes remains incomplete. 5. What does the underlined word "vibrant" in paragraph 2 mean? A. Bright. B. Simple. C. Watery. D. Rare. 6. What does the author want to show by mentioning the frescoes on the Sistine Chapel? A. It was in Italy that true fresco was widely used. B. It is crucial to differentiate varied painting styles. C. It took time for painters to create their unique colors. D. It was hard to create the exactly same color every time. 7. What makes creating buon frescon differ from creating fresco secco? A. The limited choice of themes. B. The amount of water in plaster. C. The time of creating. D. The cost of pigments. 8. Which can best describe the repair process of Giotto's frescoes? A. Slow but creative. B. Complicated and dangerous. C. Time-consuming and laborious. D. Discouraging but money-saving. （23-24高一下·山东·期中）In online meetings, it’s easy to keep people from talking over each other. Someone just hits the mute (静音) button. But for the most part, this ability doesn’t translate easily to recording in-person meetings. In a cafe, there are no buttons to silence the table beside you. The ability to locate and manage sound —separating one person talking from a specific location in a crowded room, for example — has challenged researchers, especially without the help of cameras. A team led by researchers at the University of Washington has developed a shape-changing smart speaker, which can divide rooms into speech areas and track the position s of individual speakers. With the help of the team’s deep-learning AI model, the system lets users mute certain areas or separate simultaneous (同时的) conversations, even if two people have similar voices. In a room meeting, such a system might be used instead of a central microphone, allowing better control of in-room sound. “If I close my eyes and there are10 people talking in a room, I have no idea who’s saying what and where they are in the room exactly. That’s very intractable for the human brain to process. Until now, it’s also been hard for technology,” said co-lead author Malek Itani. “For the first time, we’re able to track the positions of different people talking in a room and separate their speech.” Early research has required using overhead cameras, projectors or special surfaces. The new system is the first to use only sound. Instead of processing the sound in the cloud, as most smart speakers do, the new system processes all the sound locally. And even though some people’s first thoughts may be about observation, the system can be used for the opposite, the team says. “It can actually benefit privacy, beyond what current smart speakers allow,” Itani said. “I can say, ‘Don’t record anything around my desk,’ and our system will create a bubble 3 feet around me. Nothing in this bubble would be recorded.” 9. What did the research team focus on? A. Allowing real-time communication by AI. B. Developing Al-powered language models. C. Lowering the background noise of conversations. D. Tracking and controlling sound in crowded settings. 10. What does the underlined word “intractable” in Paragraph 4 mean? A. Dangerous. B. Natural. C. Difficult. D. Necessary. 11. Which of the following can best describe the new system? A. Educational. B. Influential. C. Pioneering. D. Costly. 12. What is the advantage of the new system according to Itani? A. It records nearby conversations. B. It offers improved privacy protection. C. It deadens the noise in a particular space. D. It includes simultaneous translation service. 四、阅读理解说明文-态度推断题3篇 （23-24高二下·山东临沂·期中）As Earth’s climate has been warming, the risk of urban flooding g has grown, too. Building ponds to collect extra rainwater can restrain that flooding. But those ponds may actually add to global warming, according to a new study. Recently, Audrey Goeckner, lead author of the new study, and her team compared the uptake and later release of carbon-based gases at five ponds, which were all in Manatee County Fla. Along with a lab technician, Goeckner collected samples from samples from the bottoms of the ponds. The samples had mud above sandy material. Older ponds had deeper mud. Back at the lab, the research team measured the carbon-based chemicals in the samples. In general, older ponds released less of these carbon-based chemicals into the air than younger ponds did. At the same time, “The rate that older ponds we restoring carbon in the sediment (沉积物) increased, “Goeckner says. In contrast, younger ponds seem to send out more carbon than they stored away. “Sediment layers tend to be deeper in older ponds. They often have less oxygen available to fuel the breakdown of cells and tissues by microbes. This could slow the release of carbon-rich gases. It’s just really important to take into account how these human-made ecosystems are playing apart in the environment,” Goeckner explains. Her team shared its findings in Communication Earth Environment. This isn’t the first study to show that ponds can release greenhouse gases, notes Trisha Moore, an ecological engineer at Kansas; State University. What sets the new study apart is that it is one of the first “looking at both parts of the system” —how much carbon the ponds store and how much they release. As such, she finds, “It was just a nice example of how we need to look at a system. However, she warns, this study sampled only a small number of ponds in one state. “Future research should look at what happens in ponds where the climate and vegetation are different,” Moore says. 1. What does the underlined word “restrain” in paragraph 11 probably mean? A. Predict. B. Explain. C. Cause D. Limit. 2. What did Goeckner’s team study? A. How long the ponds could be formed B. How carbon-based gases affected humans. C. How much carbon the ponds stored and sent out D. How human made ecosystems benefited the environment. 3. What did Goeckner’s team find out about younger ponds? A. They had deeper mud. B. They added to global warming. C. They stored less oxygen D. They could be used to control floods. 4. What is Moore’s attitude to Goeckner’s study? A. Objective. B. Disappointed C. Favourable. D. Opposite. （23-24高二下·广东深圳·期中）If a pancake could dream, it might long for legs so it could jump off your breakfast plate in pursuit of a better, unchewed life. But legs aren’t necessary for something as flat as a pancake to jump around. A group of scientists have designed a pancake-shaped robot that can jump several times per second and higher than seven times its body height. The new robot named Hop, which swiftly jumps without feet, is an important contribution to the soft robotics. Many ground robots move by rolling or walking. But it’s more efficient for robots to jump over obstacles (障碍物) than to go around them. Although jumping can offer some robots a competitive edge, engineering that ability has been a challenge for robotics researchers. Some soft robots that store energy can perform a single impressive jump very infrequently. Some lightweight soft robots that don’t store energy can jump frequently but can’t jump high or far enough to successfully cross an obstacle. For inspiration, the researchers looked to gall midge larvae (瘿蚊幼虫) that miraculously throw themselves across distances 30 times as long as their loglike bodies. A gall midge larva bends its body and squeezes the liquid in its body to one end, making it rigid (僵硬的). The accumulation of liquid builds up pressure, and releasing the pressure sends it soaring (飙升). The robot’s body doesn’t resemble (像) that of a gall midge larva, but it jumps like one. Its body is made of two small plastic bags printed with electrodes; the front bag is filled with liquid and the back one is filled with the same volume of air. The robot uses electricity to drive the flow of liquid, which causes the body to bend and generate force with the ground, resulting in a jump. And the air bag imitates the function of an animal’s tail, helping the robot keep a stable position. While the robot is currently restricted to Earth, it might be right at home exploring another planet. If this is true, the researchers robot might jump over dusty rocks and large holes on the moon or Mars, going where no pancake has gone before. 5. What does the author want to show by mentioning a pancake? A. A pancake’s dream to have legs is unrealistic. B. A robot is capable of serving a good pancake. C. A pancake-shaped robot can jump without legs. D. Research on pancakes advances our understanding of robots. 6. What difficultly do robotics researchers have in developing Hop according to Paragraph 2? A. Hop’s avoiding an obstacle. B. Hop’s moving around by rolling. C. Hop’s performing one remarkable jump. D. Hop’s jumping high and far continuously. 7. What inspiration do the researchers draw from gall midge larvae? A. They are shaped like logs. B. They have tails to change positions. C. They bend their bodies and increase force. D. They are filled with liquid and have rigid bodies. 8. What is the author’s attitude to the future of the new robot? A. Intolerant. B. Positive. C. Indifferent. D. Ambiguous. （23-24高二下·云南昆明·期中）Across the world, people and governments are banning pesticides (杀虫剂) and planting more flowers to increase bee populations naturally. Now farmers and beekeepers have a new way to protect bee populations. The traditional hive most commonly used in the world today was designed by humans about 150 years ago. Most people are so used to them that they mistakenly confuse them with bees’ natural habitat. By completely redesigning the beehive, a company called Beewise was able to address many of the inefficiencies of the box and significantly improve bees’ well- being and lifetime. Using 24/7 monitoring and smart technology that significantly increases pollination capacity (授粉能力) and honey production, Beewise’s robotic beehive, the Beehome, discovers threats to a honeybee population such as pesticides and the presence of pests and immediately defends against them. Its automatic robotic system responds to threats in real time and requires no human assistance. Beehomes are thermally regulated (热调节的) and can provide protection from fires, flooding, and Asian wasps. The hive even feeds the honeybees when local food supply is not available. In a statement, the company says, “The Beehome reduces bee deaths by 80%, resulting in increased production of at least 50%, while reducing about 90% of manual labor (体力劳动) when compared to traditional beehives.” Beewise currently manages more than seven billion bees, which is equal to 25,000 acres of pollinated crops. Through the Beehome device, the Israeli startup says it has saved over 160 million bees over the course of the last 12 months. Their task of saving bees recently received $80 million funding for their autonomous hive. “We are using precision robotics with the world’s most creative technologies including AI and computer vision in order to save the bees,” stated Saar Safra, CEO of Beewise. He says that with thousands of orders placed in the U.S. in just the last few months, their new funding will allow Beewise to meet the market demand through increased production. 9. What do we know about the traditional hive most commonly used today? A. It is artificial. B. It is bees’ natural habitat. C. It can be confusing to bees. D. It does more harm than good. 10. What is an advantage of the Beehome? A. It is similar to natural beehives. B. It can help bees to settle down. C. It can monitor fires and floods. D. It keeps bees away from threats. 11. What is Saar Safra’s attitude towards the Beehome? A. Doubtful. B. Objective. C. Positive. D. Conservative. 12. What is the text mainly about? A. The benefits of banning pesticides. B. A new device to save bee populations. C. Potential threats bees are facing today. D. Ways to increase bees’ pollination ability. 五、阅读理解说明文-预测下段题3篇 （23-24高二下·浙江·阶段练习）When astronauts land on Mars, a couple of decades from now, perhaps, they’ll need to find a way to communicate-with each other, with equipment on and around the planet, and with mission control back on Earth. Despite living so far from home, they’ll no doubt want to connect with loved ones, or stream their favorite shows or music. But setting up a Wi-Fi connection to Earth’s internet won’t be a choice. Earth is simply too far away—around 55 million to 400 million kilometers, depending on where the planets are in their orbits. We will need another strategy. Establishing good communication equipment is essential for human missions to Mars. Researchers are testing ways to upgrade existing networks, along with some far-out alternatives. For example, NASA’s Psyche mission, which lifted off in October with the job of exploring an asteroid (小行星) between Mars and Jupiter, will also test the communication using lasers. Lasers could carry far more data than the radio waves that have been used from the earliest days of space travel. There is no strategy which can get rid of the time lag in communications between Earth and Mars; a message moving at the speed of light takes anywhere between 4 and 24 minutes for a one-way trip. In other words, a quick ping to mission control is out of the question, not to mention a WhatsApp call home. There’s also the issue of solar conjunction (聚合), says Parfitt, when the sun comes between Earth and Mars. This happens for a couple of weeks every two years or so, cutting off communications between the planets. The last one took place in November. But new approaches could open possibilities that make communications on Mars more like what we experience here on Earth. At least one research team has wondered: What if Mars had its own internet? 1. What discourages Mars to have a net connection to Earth? A. The Earth is too far to reach. B. The Earth is hard to identify. C. The current strategy doesn’t work well. D. Many planets are blocking the signals. 2. What writing skill is used in paragraph 3? A. Raising a question. B. Giving an example. C. Listing numbers. D. Comparing facts. 3. What do we know about the communications between Earth and Mars? A. Laser carries less data than the radio waves. B. There is no such thing as time lag. C. It takes only four minutes for a single trip. D. The process could sometimes be cut off. 4. What is going to be talked about in the following paragraph? A. The possible mission of the astronauts on Mars. B. The communication among the astronauts on Mars. C. The possibility for Mars to have its own network. D. The opinions given by experienced astronomers. （23-24高二下·山东潍坊·阶段练习）Seen any unseasonably early daffodils (水仙花) showing their faces yet? UK spring flowers are opening nearly a month earlier than before the mid-1980s, due to climate change. That is the conclusion of a study of nearly 420,000 observations of the first flowering date of 406 plants from a UK citizen science project called Nature's Calendar. It has records dating back to 1753 from gardeners and naturalists, as well as bodies such as the Royal Meteorological Society. Ulf Büntgen at the University of Cambridge and his team found that plants were opening their flowers 26 days earlier on average in the years after 1986. They picked that year as it was the midpoint in the data set — where they had about the same number of observations before and after.The analysis included records of all plants, whatever time of year they flower, but most of them (like the daffodils) bloom in spring. "It is likely that the influence of climate change will be greater for spring-flowering plants, for in spring the usual beginning of warmer temperatures that can cause flowering starts earlier," says a spokesperson for the Royal Horticultural Society. There was a bigger advance in the dates of the first blooms of smaller plants, with those less than 20 centimeters high flowering an average of 32 days earlier in the years after 1986. In any year, flower opening times are closely connected with the average temperature of the months from January to April. "If it's warmer, it's an earlier beginning. If it's cooler, it's a later one," says Büntgen. The average maximum temperature across those four months rose by 1.1℃, a conclusion from comparing the period from 1950 to 1986 with the years after 1986. “The change could hurt insects, birds and other wildlife that have evolved to synchronize (同步) with the flowering of certain plants,” says Büntgen. 5. What can we know about the study? A. It can date back to 1753. B. It was based on plentiful data. C. It only covered spring flowers. D. It was conducted by naturalists. 6. Why did researchers pick the year 1986? A. It was in the middle of the data set. B. It was a memorable year for Ulf Büntgen. C. Flowering was first recorded in 1986. D. Flowers began to bloom earlier in this year. 7. What will be discussed in the following paragraph? A. Measures to be taken to stop climate change. B. The influences of flowers' early blooming. C. Creatures' adaptation to climate change. D. The reasons for flowers' early blooming. 8. Where can we probably find the text? A. In a guidebook. B. In science fiction. C. In a geography textbook. D. In a science magazine. （22-23高二上·全国·期中）Summer is by far my favorite season of the year. I love the warm temperature, the longer, sunnier days and the opportunity to spend more time by the lake. But my love for the season quickly ends when I think of mosquitoes (蚊子). While their bites alone can be annoying, it’s just infuriating when I come inside with several new bright-red welts (红肿) while my friends so kindly report how they don’t have a single one. Why is that? It’s not that we’re particularly unlucky. There are actually scientific reasons why mosquitoes single out certain people. Contrary to what you might think, mosquitoes don’t bite people for food—they feed on plant nectar (花蜜). Only female mosquitoes bite, and they do so to receive proteins from your blood needed to develop their eggs. A common belief is that mosquitoes are attracted to certain blood types. While there are no firm conclusions as to which blood type is more attractive to mosquitoes, several studies have suggested that mosquitoes are not so attracted to people with blood group A. However, they find people with blood group O a little tastier. Mosquitoes are highly visual hunters when it comes to finding a human to bite. Research has shown that mosquitoes are more attracted to the color black, but there has been little additional research into why this is the case. Mosquitoes can smell out a person through the carbon dioxide given off when we breathe. Therefore, people who give off more of it—larger individuals and people who are breathing heavily when working out—are more attractive to a mosquito. In a study, mosquitoes were observed to land on participants more frequently after they had drank a small amount of beer. Probably, mosquitoes are more attracted to people who have been drinking beer. Mosquito bites are annoying. The best way to handle mosquito bites is not to get bitten in the first place. 9. What does the underlined word “infuriating” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Making somebody greatly amused. B. Making somebody extremely angry. C. Making somebody completely tired out. D. Making somebody even more determined. 10. For what purpose do female mosquitoes bite? A. To spread certain diseases. B. To enable them to fly around. C. To hunt for food for themselves. D. To provide proteins for their eggs. 11. Who is more attractive to mosquitoes? A. A short and thin man in black. B. A teenager fond of eating sweet food. C. An overweight woman with blood group A. D. A young man having just drunk lots of beer. 12. What is likely to be talked about in the following paragraphs? A. Treatment of mosquito bites. B. Ways to prevent mosquito bites. C. Why certain people get lots of mosquito bites. D. Why mosquito bites are harmful to human beings. 六、阅读理解说明文-写作手法题3篇 （23-24高一下·河南洛阳·期中）Since her retirement, an old family friend has begun visually journaling her travels. She isn’t an “artist”, but that doesn’t reduce her joy in her experiences or the truth and appeal of her sketches (素描). It was inspiring and I took it as a good idea for later. When I saw the recent Van der Weel and Van der Meer study about handwriting and cognitive activation (认知激活), I thought about my friend, the passage of time, and aging and realized that it was time to hunt up all my media ( pens, pencils, watercolors, bound journals, and sketchpads) and shift some activities from keyboard to paper as an investment in brain health. Van der Weel and Van der Meer found writing by hand (rather than tapping away on your keyboard) increases brain connectivity. It may be time to consider deleting some of those list-making and journal apps from your phone and return to paper and notebooks. Healthy media use of any kind is, after all, about balance. I realized that I write very little by hand but if doing so activates the whole brain, then it may join the list of activities, like doing crossword puzzles and learning a new language, which help delay cognitive decline. Writing helps people process life’s emotional ups and downs through sense-making—the greater the cognitive effort to find meaning, the greater appreciation of the benefits and improved mood. Meaning and positive emotions are central to well-being. However, I had never considered the physical act of handwriting as a brain health aging activity. The greater brain activity from handwriting compared to typing is thought to explain why handwritten notes are linked to increased learning among students. Learning and memory are both cognitive functions. Learning describes how we gain new skills and knowledge. Memory is how we store and bring back what we learn. Aging messes with both and can prevent new learning as well as the memory of what you just learned. However, social, physical, and cognitively challenging activities have been shown to reduce the negative effects of aging on cognitive function and increase cognitive reserve (认知储备). 1. What made the author begin to notice brain health? A. The passage of time. B. The aging of him/her. C. The recent study about handwriting. D. His/Her friend’s visual travel sketch. 2. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. The benefits of writing. B. Ups and downs of life. C. The meanings of positive emotions. D. The advantages of writing over computers. 3. How is the last paragraph developed? A. By giving advice. B. By listing numbers. C. By quoting experts’ words. D. By making a comparison. 4. What may the author say to students? A. Learn by memorizing. B. Add handwriting to your list. C. Be aware of the secret of memory. D. Join in the healthy aging activities. （2024·广东佛山·二模）In the age of the selfie, taking photos of yourself has become a daily activity. Half of all teenagers regularly post selfies. But what happens when the desire for the best selfie starts damaging nature—or even ourselves? Social media tourism is dramatically changing who visits natural places like Figure Eight Pools in Sydney’s Royal National Park. Many people are now drawn to these places for the best selfie background. These new tourists, motivated to seek out photos and selfies, sometimes ignore warning signs or bans on drones (无人机). Thus, many people have been severely injured or killed by taking risky selfies and photos in dangerous locations. Additionally, drone use can cause environmental harm if drones catch fire or batteries leak. The search for the perfect selfie can also harm animals, protected plants and even First Nations rock art. In some cases, selfies have become a long-term threat to ecosystems. But for land managers, perhaps the biggest challenge is satisfying increased interest while keeping people safe. They are working to assist this new demand by reshaping nature to make better scenery—and keep visitors safer. At Moran Falls in Queensland’s Lamington National Park, a famous view had been blocked by plants, driving some visitors to jump the fence at the viewing platform and stand directly on top of a very tall cliff (悬崖). As a solution, land managers have the trees trimmed (修剪) and then use the fallen branches to hide the track made by selfie-seekers. These land managers are wondering why traditional measures like signs and warnings often prove ineffective? The answer may lie in social recognition For many, the risk seems worth the reward if it means gaining admiration on social media. Nature-based content on popular social media platforms like TikTok often performs very well, giving other would-be influencers the motive to seek out new locations. This problem has been created by the combination of social media and human psychology. To solve it, we might look at how these two factors interact. Responsible selfie and tourism campaigns on popular social media platforms could be a start. 5. Why are many people attracted to visit places like Figure Eight Pools? A. To appreciate the natural beauty. B. To seek adventure and excitement. C. To search for the ideal selfie setting. D. To test the use of drones for photography. 6. How is Paragraph 4 developed? A. By listing figures. B. By giving examples. C. By analyzing causes. D. By making comparisons. 7. What leads to the failure of traditional measures? A. Risks are often ignored by people B. Rules are rarely followed by people. C. Exploring new attractions is preferred. D. Social media attention is valued more. 8. What solution is suggested in the last paragraph? A. Launching tourism campaigns B. Promoting proper behaviors online C. Banning selfies in natural landscape. D. Restricting access to social media platforms. （24-25高二上·全国·单元测试）Science fiction writers create an imaginary world. The way things work in your imaginary world will be based on actual science. So it’s important for you to be familiar with the scientific principles and inventions that are related to your creation. For example, if you’re writing about humans living on a planet with zero gravity, then you need to know the effects of zero gravity on the human body. Then you have to figure out the exact rules of your imaginary world. And you have to follow them. If humans have evolved to breathe underwater in Chapter 1, your character can’t drown in a swimming pool in Chapter 3. If your robots write poetry but not fiction, then you can’t throw a novelist robot into Chapter 8. The issue here is maintaining your readers’ trust. That means the reader is willing to pretend along with you. If you start out with an ordinary detective novel and then throw in someone breathing underwater in the 6th chapter, your readers’ reaction might be, “What the hell!” The imaginative spell is broken. You’ve pulled the readers out of their imagination. The same thing happens if you change the rules halfway. Part of your preparation work for the novel is to map out its world for yourself in great detail. Decide: the history of the world, the geography, what possibilities it offers, how everything works in the new reality, and how all of these factors affect the way your characters think, feel, and react to things. You don’t have to tell your readers all the rules in the first chapter. But you have to let your readers know enough to understand what’s going on. This also allows you to work out logical problems and contradictions before you start writing. When you are writing, remember to make it feel real. You are inviting readers to visit a new world. They will want to be able to see, hear, feel, smell, and even taste what it’s like. Whether your novel is about a world without disease or an undiscovered planet, help your readers feel like they’re actually there. 9. What’s the relationship between actual science and science fiction? A. Science fiction promotes the development of actual science. B. Science fiction often reflects the development of actual science. C. Actual science provides basic principles for science fiction. D. Actual science limits the imagination described in science fiction. 10. How is the second paragraph mainly developed? A. By making comparisons. B. By analysing causes. C. By following the time order. D. By giving examples. 11. What can we know from the passage? A. Readers of science fiction actually pretend the writers’ rules are true. B. It is necessary to do some scientific experiments before writing science fiction. C. It is more difficult to write science fiction than ordinary detective novels. D. It is great to leave some contradictions in your science fiction. 12. What is the passage mainly about? A. How to do scientific research. B. How to write science fiction. C. What to expect from science fiction. D. How to raise interest in science. 七、阅读理解说明文-段落大意题3篇 （24-25高二上·全国·单元测试）Close to the North Pole, the remote and rocky plateau mountain in the Norwegian archipelago of Svalbard seems an unlikely spot for any global effort to safeguard agriculture. In this cold and deserted environment, there are no grains, no gardens and no trees. But at the end of a 130⁃meter⁃long tunnel is a room filled with humanity’s most precious treasure, the largest and most diverse seed collection — more than a half⁃billion seeds. A quiet rescue mission is underway. With growing evidence that unchecked climate change will seriously affect food production and threaten the diversity of crops around the world, the Svalbard Global Seed Vault represents a major step towards ensuring the preservation of hundreds of thousands of crop varieties. This is a seed collection, but more importantly, it is a collection of the traits (特点) found within the seeds: the genes that give one variety resistance to a particular pest and another variety tolerance for hot, dry weather. Few people will ever see or come into contact with the contents of this vault. In sealed (密封的) boxes, behind many locked doors, monitored by electronic security systems, enveloped in below⁃zero temperatures, and surrounded by tons of rocks, hundreds of millions of seeds are protected in their mountain fortress (堡垒). Frozen in such conditions inside the mountain, seeds of most major crops will remain viable for hundreds of years, or longer. Seeds of some are capable of keeping their ability to grow for thousands of years. Everyone can look back now and say that the Seed Vault has been a good and obvious idea, and that of course the Norwegian government should have approved and funded it. But back in 2004, when the Seed Vault was first proposed, it was viewed as a crazy, impractical, and expensive idea. We knew that nothing would provide a definite guarantee. But we were tired and frankly scared of the steady, greater losses of crop diversity. The Seed Vault was built by optimists who wanted to do something to preserve options so that humanity and the crops might be better prepared for change. The Seed Vault is about hope and commitment — about what can be done if countries come together and work cooperatively to accomplish something significant, long⁃lasting, and worthy of who we are and wish to be. 1. According to the passage, what’s the Seed Vault? A. It’s a tunnel where the collected seeds are displayed. B. It’s a stone room that contains the seeds of endangered crops. C. It’s a seed gene bank that stores diverse seeds for future agriculture. D. It’s a lab where researchers study how to keep the diversity of crops. 2. What does the underlined word “viable” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A. Mature. B. Clean. C. Alive. D. Valuable. 3. What is the third paragraph mainly about? A. How the seeds are preserved. B. Where people keep the seeds. C. Why the seeds are protected. D. What people do to study the seeds. 4. We can know from the passage that　　　. A. the Seed Vault offers a solution to climate change B. the Seed Vault was built by many countries C. the Seed Vault is sure to prevent the loss of crop diversity D. many people considered building the Seed Vault unwise and crazy at first （23-24高二下·福建漳州·阶段练习）There is nothing like a coast redwood. It is the planet’s tallest tree, soaring to heights of more than 320 feet into the sky. They have trunks that are more than 27 feet wide and can live for over 2,000 years. Some of the gentle giants living today were alive during the time of the Roman Empire. Before the mid-19th century, coast redwoods spread throughout a range of some 2 million acres along the California coast. People had been peacefully co-existing with the forests forever. But with the gold rush came the logging (伐木作业); and today only 5 percent of the original old-growth coast redwood forest remains along a 450-mile strip of coast. And as the planet warms up, the specific conditions required by the redwoods change; their future doesn’t look so great. Animals can migrate north to escape the south’s warming temperatures; trees, not so much. But with David Milarch on the case, maybe they can. In 1991, Milarch literally died from a life-threatening illness, before being revived and springing back to life. There’s nothing like a near-death experience to inspire a new course in life, as was the case with Milarch. His new quest? To harvest the genes of the coast redwoods and give them an assist in migration. “I feel sorrow that 95 percent of them were killed and we didn’t even know what they do to strengthen our ability as human beings to live on this planet,” says Milarch. “We killed them. That’s the bad news. To put back every single tree that was cut down and killed. And I’m going to do it. ” By cloning and replanting them in places where they once thrived (繁荣) but were lost, he is not only increasing their numbers but planting them in locations where they have a better chance of longevity. And the result is two-fold: Save the trees and save the planet for humankind. Redwood trees are among the most effective carbon sequestration (碳封存) tools in the world. 5. What is the first paragraph mainly about? A. A brief introduction of redwoods. B. The information about our planet. C. The history of the Roman Empire. D. The special height of the redwood. 6. What destroyed the redwoods along the California coast? A. The warming climate. B. The overcutting. C. The ocean disaster. D. The worsening soil condition. 7. What inspired Milarch to revive the redwood? A. His love for plants. B. His concern on global warming. C. His surviving experience. D. His study on the genetics of the redwood. 8. What did Milarch focus on when cloning the redwood? A. The animals which live nearby. B. The effective tool used to plant trees. C. The places where the trees grow. D. The amounts of water trees need. （23-24高二下·辽宁大连·阶段练习）All the hard work that you’ve spent making strong passwords, combining pet names with numbers, symbols and birthdates could all soon be for nothing as a new artificial intelligence (AI) model achieves a 95% accuracy of understanding keystrokes (按键). At least that’s the extreme view of a team of British researchers. Using a deep learning model, they were able to steal data from a laptop’s keyboard using a microphone to understand what is being typed. This, in theory, would allow hackers who were able to gain access to your laptop to obtain what is being typed including messages and passwords. The first step for this attack to work is by recording the keystrokes on someone’s keyboard. This is needed to train the algorithm (计算程序). While this could be done from the laptop’s microphone, it could equally be achieved by placing a smartphone near the computer. By pressing 36 keys on a modern MacBook Pro 25 times each and recording the sounds produced, the researchers gained a full set of training data. This information is turned into waveforms to show identifiable differences between each key. With this information in hand, they could then build a machine-learning model to understand which of these waveforms lines up with which key. “If you get enough data, a model can be built pretty easily,” Oli Buckley, a professor of Internet security. “If it works on one keyboard, it will likely work on the next. The MacBook has a nice, quiet keyboard, so the idea is that if it works on something quiet, it will have a wide-reaching ability on louder keyboards”. While this all sounds pretty scary, not to mention a new form of hacking (侵入) to look out for, it isn’t quite as worrying as it sounds. “A good sample of data is needed for it to work, so this changes if you’re using a Dell, a MacBook or an external keyboard. Also, factors change. Some people type louder and harder, or my keyboards full of cat hair so that impacts things slightly”, says Buckley. 9. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. Why protective steps are needed. B. Why a set of training data is vital. C. How you document secret information. D. How hackers gain data from targeted computers. 10. What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 4 refer to? A. The keyboard. B. The model. C. The data. D. The computer. 11. What’s the author’s attitude toward British researchers’ view? A. Concerned. B. Agreeable. C. Negative. D. Objective. 12. What do Buckley’s words imply in the last paragraph? A. AI understands exactly what you’re typing. B. Purchasing expensive computer is necessary. C. Cats play an important role in privacy protection. D. Building an accurate dataset through keystrokes is not easy. 八、阅读理解说明文-文章大意题3篇 （24-25高二上·全国·单元测试）If you could change your children’s DNA in the future to protect them against diseases, would you? It could be possible because of technology known as CRISPR/Cas, or just CRISPR. CRISPR involves a piece of RNA, a chemical messenger, designed to work on one part of DNA; it also uses an enzyme that can take unwanted genes out and put new ones in, according to TheEconomist. There are other ways of editing DNA, but CRISPR will do it very simply, quickly, and exactly. The use of CRISPR could mean that cures are developed for everything from Alzheimer’s disease to cancer to AIDS. By allowing doctors to put just the right cancer⁃killing genes into a patient’s immune system, the technology could help greatly. In April scientists in China said they had tried using CRISPR to edit the genomes (基因组) of human embryos. Though the embryos would never turn into humans, this was the first time anyone had ever tried to edit DNA from human beings. With this in mind, the US National Academy of Sciences plans to discuss questions about CRISPR’s ethics (伦理标准). For example, CRISPR doesn’t work properly yet. As well as cutting the DNA it is looking for, it often cuts other DNA, too. In addition, we currently seem to have too little understanding of what DNA gives people what qualities. There are also moral questions. Of course, medicine already stops natural things from happening—for example, it saves people from infections. The opportunities to treat diseases make it hard to say we shouldn’t keep going. A harder question is whether it is ever right to edit human cells and make changes that are passed on to children. This is banned in 40 countries and restricted in many others. However, CRISPR means that if genes can be edited out, they can also be edited back in. It may be up to us as a society to decide when and where editing the genome is wrong. Also, according to TheEconomist, gene editing may mean that parents make choices that are not obviously in the best interests of their children: “Deaf parents may prefer their children to be deaf too; parents might want to make their children more intelligent at all costs.” In the end, more research is still needed to see what we can and can’t do with CRISPR. “It’s still a huge mystery how we work,” Craig Mello, a UMass Chan Medical School biologist and Nobel Prize winner, told TheBostonGlobe. “We’re just trying to figure out this amazingly complicated thing we call life.” 1. According to the passage, what can we know about the technology of CRISPR? A. It is very safe because it only cuts the DNA it is looking for. B. It is banned in most countries and restricted in many others. C. It could cause parents to make unwise choices for their children. D. It could help us discover the link between DNA and the qualities it gives people. 2. What can be inferred from the passage? A. All diseases could probably be cured through the use of CRISPR. B. Scientists had never edited genomes before CRISPR was invented. C. CRISPR is a technology that uses an enzyme to work on RNA and DNA. D. CRISPR has proven to be the most effective way to protect children against diseases. 3. What is the author’s attitude towards CRISPR? A. Supportive. B. Worried. C. Negative. D. Objective. 4. What is the passage mainly about? A. What we can and can’t do with CRISPR. B. How CRISPR was developed by scientists. C. The advantages of CRISPR and arguments about its ethics. D. Scientists’ experiments of using CRISPR to edit human embryos. （23-24高二下·广东·阶段练习）We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence. What’s the problem? It’s possible that along with the rapid development of society, we all focus on our phone and desktop, and therefore it results in our compromised conversational intelligence. However, it’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits. Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t even exist if it weren’t for small conversation. “Small talk is the grease (润滑剂) for social communication,” says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. “Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk,” he explains. “The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.” In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. “It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,” says Dunn. “But interactions with peripheral (边缘的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also.” Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. “Small talk is the basis of good manners,” he says. 5. What does the underlined word “compromised” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Weakened. B. Enhanced. C. Secret. D. Natural. 6. What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci? A. Showing good manners. B. Relating to other people. C. Focusing on a topic. D. Making business deals. 7. What can we learn about small talk from the coffee shop study? A. It made the coffee taste better. B. It reduced waiting time in line. C. It improved people’s mood and experience. D. It helped them bond with the server deeply. 8. What is the text mainly about? A. Elevator manners. B. The importance of small talk. C. Smartphones and social media. D. Developing deep relationships. （23-24高二下·重庆·阶段练习）Abstract painter Harold Cohen had represented Britain at important festivals with his oil paintings and was seeking a new challenge by the end of 1960s. “Maybe there are more interesting things going on outside my studio than inside it,” he thought. Cohen turned from the canvas to the screen, using computers to find new ways of creating art. In the late 1960s, he created a program that he named Aaron. It was the first artificial intelligence software in the world of fine art, and Cohen first presented Aaron in 1974 at the University of California. Now, with AI dominating the headlines, a new exhibition at New York’s Whitney Museum of American Art, “Harold Cohen: Aaron,” running through June 2024, draws attention to Cohen’s pioneering work. The Whitney is offering something deeper than most previous Aaron exhibits: a real-time experience, in which visitors can watch the software produce art. Cohen seeded Aaron with all sorts of knowledge: about basic objects, physics, and fundamental techniques of drawing. Aaron uses this knowledge to follow instructions, complete tasks, and make decisions like human beings — a very different approach from today’s generative AI art programs, which don't draw from scratch (从零开始) but rather rely on databases of images. Versions of Aaron still generate output, but anything done after Cohen’s death in 2016 is not considered genuine. The Whitney is showcasing two versions of Cohen’s software, along with the art that each produced before Cohen died. The 2001 version, Aaron KCAT, generates images of figures and plants and projects them onto a wall more than ten feet high, while the 2007 version produces jungle-like scenes. The software will also create art physically, on paper, for the first time since the 1990s. “It is absolutely thrilling,” said Christiane Paul, the museum’s director of digital art, “to have one of those remarkable treasures of digital art in the collection.” 9. What made Aaron created? A. Harold’s curiosity. B. The museum’s donation. C. Visitors’ expectation. D. The university’s support. 10. What can visitors do in the “Harold Cohen: Aaron” exhibition? A. See the original 1960s version of Aaron. B. Generate images with the help of Aaron. C. Learn about the physical rules in art. D. Observe Aaron creating art on the spot. 11. What makes Aaron different from modern AI art programs? A. Its ability to assign tasks. B. Its use of modern techniques. C. Its capability to make choices. D. Its dependence on existing database. 12. What is the text mainly about? A. The masterpieces of digital art. B. A new show of the art world’s first AI. C. The latest technologies in the Whitney. D. Harold Cohen’s impact on generative AI. 九、阅读理解说明文-段落例证题3篇 （23-24高二下·广东清远·期中）Talking to your children about the misinformation (错误信息) they may find online is a great idea. Children don’t always have the judgment or critical thinking skills to test what they read or watch, but they’ll develop these abilities quickly if you help them figure out how to separate fact from fiction. We’re here to help you do just that! Don’t wait for your kids to approach you with questions-instead, take a few minutes to sit down with them. Let them know that there’s a lot of content out there on the Internet, and not all of it is true. With everything going on in the world, remind your kids that they might be seeing a lot of confusing, false information going around on social media and other parts of the web. It’s a good idea to turn news reports and TV shows into teachable moments. Look for small opportunities to start helpful conversations about misinformation with your kids. Take a TV show or newspaper article and transform it into a helpful, easy way to understand what misinformation is and how to avoid it. Misinformation can be really upsetting and stressful for your kids to think about. Let them know that you’re always available to listen and answer their questions if they’re feeling confused. Reassure your kids that there are no stupid questions, and that you’re always willing to explain something to them. Teach your kids a few tricks to fact-check misinformation online. Remind your kids to be on the lookout for strange-looking website like those ending with co. Tell them to read through the headline. If it has a lot of mistakes, or if it’s written in all capital (大写的) letters, there’s a good chance that it might be misinformation. Additionally, introduce your kids to official websites, which are quick and easy ways to fact-check information. 1. Why should people talk to their children about online misinformation? A. There is no information holding true online. B. There is no one else willing to teach the children. C. Children lack the ability to judge the information sometimes. D. Children can’t develop the judgment on their own. 2. Why does the author mention the approach in paragraph 4? A. To relieve children’s financial burden. B. To discourage children from asking stupid questions. C. To remind parents to seize every chance to teach. D. To encourage children to communicate with parents. 3. Which of the following is most likely to be misinformation? A. A passage on the website www.i21st.cn. B. A passage on the website www.pep.com.cn. C. A passage titled with “Origins of the Mandela Effect”. D. A passage titled with “SHOK! GAS RAN OUT YESTERDAY”. 4. Who is the text intended for? A. Parents. B. Teenagers. C. Students. D. Teachers. （23-24高二下·山东临沂·期中）Poetry and science seem like opposites. Yet, if we look through our history, we’ll see that navigating (理解) science through poetry is not a new concept. In fact, records of scientific poetry can date back to the late 1700s. English physician and naturalist Erasmus Darwin (Charles Darwin’s grandfather) used poetry to celebrate scientific  discoveries and inventions in The Botanic Garden, which he published in 1791. His book was well-received in Britain and the United States. In the next few decades, many European and North American poets y followed his lead. This relationship unfortunately became weak as literature and the natural sciences gradually grew apart by the end of the 19th century. While scientific research expanded rapidly, the topics being studied also became more specialized Experts believe that poetry — a relatively time-consuming art form — simply couldn’t keep up with the demand for more efficient science communication. All of this has led to scientific literature being gas we know it today: articles written in complicated, academic language that is not easily understood by non-scientists. In recent years, there’ve been calls to explore the intersections between science and the creative arts. For example, in 2014, Dr. Sam Illingworth, a senior lecturer at the University We stem Australia, started a weekly blog called The Poetry of Science where he reads a piece of scientific research and translates the findings into an original piece of poetry. His blog reached tens of thousands of readers, and he has since extended his work to research publications. Like many other experts, Dr. Illingworth believes that poetry can help facilitate dialogue between scientists and non-scientists, and this view is supported by studies from around the world! As we continue to make advances in science and technology, perhaps we can also turn to poetry to help us navigate the ever-growing fountain of knowledge reported by scientists each day. 5. Why does the author mention The Botanic Garden? A. To propose new means to combine poetry and science. B. To explain the historical concepts of poetry and science C. To prove poetry and science have long been integrated. D. To show poetry and science functioned differently in history. 6. What is said about today’s scientific literature? A. It is written in poetic language. B. It is unfriendly to non-scientists C. It becomes a time-consuming art form. D. It contributes to the scientific research. 7. What does Dr. Illingworth use his blog to do? A. Summarize research findings in a poem. B. Stress the influence of science on poetry. C. Encourage scientists to share their research. D. Offer readers a platform to create poems. 8. What is the best title for the text? A. Science gives new life to poetry. B. Poetry and science change our life. C. Communicating science through poetry. D. Firing our enthusiasm for science education. （23-24高二下·重庆·期中）Turn on a light outside at night, and it won’t be long before lots of insects start gathering around it. This behavior has led to a popular comparison for attraction, “like a moth to a flame.” However, according to a new study published in the journal Nature Communications, it turns out that insects aren’t “attracted” to artificial lights, but rather confused by it. The new finding is based on a theory about insect orientation (定位). Due to their small and lightweight bodies, insects experience less air resistance, allowing them to achieve higher accelerations (加速度), which in turn makes it challenging for them to sense up and down during flight. So, they typically rely on stable light sources like the moon and stars to orient themselves at night, keeping the sky at their backs to stay upright. However, the introduction of artificial lights confuses their natural sense of direction. The insects you see circling street lights, in other words, are probably lost. To reach these conclusions, scientists used high-resolution cameras to film insects flying around artificial lights in Costa Rica. They also attached tiny sensors to insects and filmed motion-capture videos of them in flight. In this way, researchers can slow down the insects pace and study their movements in greater detail. The videos showed insects turning their backs toward sources of artificial light — even at the price of flipping over or crashing. This can be dangerous for insects, as circling around artificial lights can put them at risk from enemies, exhaustion, and starvation, causing many to die before morning. Night artificial light is a major cause of insect population loss, which could severely impact crop pollination and food supplies for larger animals, including humans. “Insects have been flying around for 370 million years, and it’s just in the last 150 years that it’s really gone wrong for them,” says entomologist Samuel Fabian of Imperial College London. “If we don’t want to influence large amounts of insect populations, we should not have lights shining up into the sky.” 9. What have scientists found out about insects? A. Artificial lights can disturb their sense of direction. B. Their populations are in decline. C. They often fly quickly during the night. D. Their eyesight is well adapted to light changes. 10. How did the scientists conduct the experiment? A. By detecting the living environment of insects. B. By monitoring the insects’ brain activity during flight. C. By making videos to study insects’ movements. D. By building models to analyze insects’ motion patterns. 11. Why does the author mention Fabian’s words in the last paragraph? A. To stress the importance of insects to food supplies. B. To appeal to people to reduce light pollution. C. To show the reasons for insects flying around lights. D. To explain the effects of insects’ death on human life. 12. Which is the most suitable title for the text? A. How Artificial Lights Impact the Ecosystem B. What Leads to the Loss of Insect Populations C. How Insects Orient Themselves in the Flight D. Why Insects are Attracted to Lights at Night 十、阅读理解说明文-意图推断题3篇 （22-23高二下·山东聊城·期中）Going to the bathroom while floating in space can be tricky. Gravity is very weak in space, meaning toilets cannot flush (冲刷) the same way that they do on Earth. In a new contest, NASA is asking inventors from around the world to develop a new space toilet. The space agency is looking for a design that would work both aboard the International Space Station (ISS) as well as on the moon. NASA plans to use this toilet aboard a future lunar lander as part of the Artemis program, which will send humans to the moon by 2024. Anyone can apply to this challenge, and the winning design will receive a $20,000 prize. The second-place design will win $10,000, and the third-place winner will win $5,000. The contest includes a “junior” category in which anyone under the age of 18 can apply with their creative space toilet idea. Winners in the junior category will receive public recognition and NASA souvenirs. Designs should also take up no more than 4.2 cubic feet of space. The toilet itself shouldn’t be louder than 60 decibels, which is about the same volume as a bathroom fan. The space toilet will have to be able to collect both urine (尿液) and fecest (粪便) at the same time. It should be able to hold at least a quarter gallon (1 liter) of liquid waste. It should also be able to hold 17.6 ounces (500 grams) of solid waste. The final requirements are that the system must be able to store or get rid of waste, and it should also be able to be cleaned and maintained in five minutes or less. Hopefully, this toilet will be an improvement on previous systems for waste removal. A waste removal system is a method of disposing of urine and feces. If you are a creative inventor, come and join us! 1. Which aspect of the design is not required in the contest? A. Its covering space. B. Its volume. C. Its time of cleaning. D. Its weight. 2. What can you know about this contest? A. It’s a toilet design contest held by ISS for the American inventors. B. It has a total prize pool of 45,000 to be shared by winning teams. C. For the contestants, there are no limits to your age and nationalities. D. If you are the winner under the age of 18, you will win 5,000. 3. What does the underlined word “disposing” mean? A. Giving away. B. Putting off. C. Getting rid of. D. Picking out. 4. What is the purpose of writing this text? A. To introduce a toilet design contest. B. To attract inventors to take part in the contest. C. To explain the necessity of a toilet in space. D. To show the difficulty of living in space. （23-24高二下·湖北武汉·阶段练习）The existing coffee market is dominated by Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora. Unfortunately for them, coffee bushes grow best in a rather narrow range of temperatures, so their cultivation is threatened by a changing climate. But a chance discovery by Aaron Davis from Britain, published in Nature Plants, may offer a way out. Dr Davis and his colleagues report that they have tracked down a type of wild coffee which is both pleasant to taste and tolerant of higher temperatures. Dr Davis, however, came across a paper written in 1834 by George Don, a Scottish scientist, which described a species from warmer areas. Don named it stenophylla, and wrote that it had a flavour superior to arabica’s, and it was farmed up until the 1920s, after which canephora, which had higher yields, took over. Stenophylla was then gradually forgotten. The crucial question was, was Don’s praise to its flavour justified? To find out, Dr Davis arranged a competition involving 18 professional coffee tasters who assessed, in a blind comparison, a set of samples that included stenophylla, two types of arabica and one of canephora. Stenophylla performed well. It was rated as having higher fruitlike qualities than a Brazilian arabica and an Indonesian canephora, and also a more favourable acid ity and more complex flavour profile, though slightly less desired than an Ethiopian arabica. It had nearly the same body as the others, and lacked an unpleasant, earthy bitterness found in the Brazilian arabica and the Indonesian canephora. When asked if what they were tasting was arabica, the judges said “yes” 81% of the time for samples of stenophylla, compared with 98% for the arabica from Ethiopia. They identified the Brazilian arabica as such only 44% of the time, and misidentified the canephora as arabica on7% of occasions. Stenophylla does taste like arabica and tolerates higher temperatures than either arabica or canephora. That opens two possible courses of action. One is to cultivate it directly, though this might run into the yield problem which led to its abandonment in the first place. The other is to crossbreed it with existing species, to provide those high-yielding varieties with its heat tolerance. 5. What is the purpose of the research into a type of wild coffee? A. To promote the habit of drinking coffee. B. To deal with global warming problems. C. To help coffee farmers make more profits. D. To save coffee production from global warming. 6. According to 18 professional coffee tasters, what can we learn about the four types of coffee? A. Ethiopian arabica is more appealing than Brazilian arabica. B. Indonesian canephora tasted best among four types of coffee. C. Stenophylla has less taste of bitterness than two types of arabica. D. Stenophylla has a more favourable acidity than Ethiopian arabica. 7. What are presented in the last paragraph? A. Historical factors. B. Theoretical bases. C. Statistical analyses. D. Practical solutions. 8. Which section of a magazine is the passage most probably taken from? A. Business. B. Agriculture. C. Finance and economics. D. Science and technology. （23-24高二下·云南昆明·期中）What if we had the power to control time, instead of moving from the past to the present to the future? What if we could jump, loop and travel through time in a machine? What if we could go wherever and whenever we pleased? This ability would allow us to witness historic wonders, change decisions and see people from the past. We could right wrongs and stop wars from starting. The mysterious puzzle of time has kept people debating its nature for hundreds of years. Science fiction writers have turned it into imaginative stories. Some scientists have even attempted to explain it using math. This math tries to make the dream of time travel come true. The scientist Albert Einstein said that time and space are one thing. He called it “spacetime”. Einstein said that there are three dimensions in space: height, width and depth. A scientist named Hermann Minkowski added time as a fourth dimension. Einstein introduced two ideas that have led to theories about the possibility of time travel. The first is relativity. The idea of relativity is that the force of gravity causes space to bend, which causes time to twist. The second idea focuses on special relativity. The idea is that a traveler moving super-fast through flat spacetime will enter the future. Einstein considered time “relative” because it is measured based on where we are on the earth or in space. The first science fiction story with this theme is The Clock That Went Backward by Edward P. Mitchell, which was published in 1881. Since then, thousands of books, films and television shows have explored the idea of time travel, in which some tools such as phones, watches, photographs and old books take travelers backward and forward. Will time travel ever happen? Who knows? The most important thing is to keep your eyes open and have a sense of wonder. 9. What is the author’s purpose of writing the first paragraph? A. To explain time and space are connected. B. To show people’s interest in time travel. C. To draw readers’ attention to time travel. D. To make people believe time travel is possible. 10. Which of the following statements could Einstein agree with? A. Time travel is possible in the future. B. People can’t move faster than light. C. Time travel is against scientific rules. D. Spacetime is not a real thing in theory. 11. What is the last but one paragraph mainly about? A. The first science fiction story. B. Some tools used in time travel. C. Edward P. Mitchell, the pioneer. D. Different works about time travel. 12. What is the writer’s attitude toward time travel? A. Cautious. B. Approving. C. Doubtful. D. Hopeful. 十一、阅读理解说明文-标题概括题3篇 （23-24高二下·辽宁大连·阶段练习）Five years ago, French navy officer Jérôme Chardon was listening to a radio program about the journey of the bar-tailed godwit, a bird that migrates 14,000 kilometers between New Zealand and Alaska. Chardon understood how treacherous the journey would be, as heavy storms frequently hit Pacific island communities. Yet, somehow, bar-tailed godwits routinely pass through the area uninjured. Chardon wondered whether learning how birds traveled could help coastal communities avoid natural disasters. This past January, a team from France’s National Museum of Natural History (NMNH) began experiments designed to test Chardon’s idea. Researchers with a project led by Frédéric Jiguet from NMNH equipped 56 birds of five species with cutting-edge animal tracking technology. The team members were ferried to remote islands in French Polynesia, where they attached tags (标签) using tracking technology. These tags sent the birds’ locations to the International Space Station, which bounced the data back to scientists on Earth who could then follow the birds — waiting to see how the birds responded to natural disasters. The project is focusing on birds’ ability to hear infrasound, the low-frequency sound humans cannot hear but that the researchers believe is the most likely signal birds would use to sense storms and tsunamis (海啸). In a 2014 study, scientists tracking a kind of golden-winged birds in the central and southeastern America found that the birds flew up to 1,500 kilometers to escape from an outbreak of tornadoes (龙卷风) that killed 35 people. The birds fled at least 24 hours before any extreme weather hit, leaving the scientists to believe that they had heard the storm system from more than 400 kilometers away. The team plans on tagging hundreds more birds across the Pacific to prepare for a potential tsunami. “I think if there’s one wave that spreads across islands, we can get data from different species at different locations,” says Jiguet. “That will say it’s worth continuing to tag and to develop local systems to better analyze this. There are chances that we will develop a bird-based tsunami early warning system.” 1. Which of the following best explains the word “treacherous” underlined in paragraph 1? A. Strange. B. Amazing. C. Dangerous. D. Frequent. 2. What is the function of the tags? A. Tracking natural disasters. B. Distinguishing bird species. C. Reporting the birds’ situations. D. Guiding researchers to islands. 3. Why is the 2014 study mentioned in paragraph 3? A. To prove an assumption. B. To clarify a concept. C. To present a new topic. D. To make comparisons. 4. What might be the best title for the text? A. How Can Birds Avoid Natural Disasters? B. Can Birds Warn Us of Natural Disasters? C. How Does a Warning System Function? D. Can Birds Play a Role in Human Research? （23-24高二下·广西·阶段练习）This past summer in the Arctic was the warmest since 1900, contributing to disasters across the wider region, recorded in National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s annual Arctic Report Card. The Arctic is warming nearly four times faster than the global average as a result of human-caused climate change, driven primarily by burning fossil fuels. Researchers say changes in the Arctic can directly influence worldwide changes across ecosystems, from sea-level rise and new weather patterns, to altered wildlife migrations. Another surprise in this year’s report card is salmon, the key to many of the region’s ecosystems, economies, and cultures. In western Alaska, chinook and chum salmon hit record low levels this year, but sockeye (红鲑鱼) salmon in Bristol Bay hit record highs. The abundance of sockeye had an unexpected downside for commercial fishermen —a price crash. “There’re so many salmon, and they can barely make a profit,” Thoman said. It’s unclear exactly why the salmon species are responding differently to climate change, but researchers say it’s likely linked to changing conditions in both the ocean and freshwater ecosystems central to the salmon life-cycle. In order to address the issue, researchers started constantly monitoring these ecological changes across the Arctic, and the response of wildlife, founding a program aiming to draw upon the expertise of the region’s local residents: the Alaska Arctic Observatory and Knowledge Hub (AAOKH). The group works with a network of coastal local observers to document long-term environmental change and impacts in northern Alaska. Roberta Tuurraq Glenn-Borade, a community contact for AAOKH, said local observers often provide context beyond simple data collection that can better scientists’ understanding of the environmental factors driving animal behavior—like how shifting winds and sea-ice drew a surprising number of ringed seals and polar bears to Utqiaġvik in January. Roberta expressed optimism that AAOKH can help communities adapt to the altered environment. 5. What can we learn about climate changes in Arctic? A. They will be limited in Arctic. B. They are caused by human activities. C. They can hardly impact global ecosystems. D. The Arctic is warming as fast as the global average. 6. What can we infer from paragraph 2? A. The water pollution impacted salmon’s population. B. The impact of climate change on salmon species varies. C. Fishermen can gain profit because of abundant sockeye. D. Salmon is important in almost every aspect of many regions. 7. How do region’s local residents help AAOKH? A. By collecting and analyzing data from the locals. B. By tracking climate changes and wildlife’s response. C. By improving scientists’ grasp of the natural element. D. By studying environmental changes and consequences. 8. What’s the best title of the passage? A. Global Heatwaves: the Warmest Summer in a Century. B. Local Wisdom: Arctic Residents’ Assistance in Arctic. C. Arctic Report Card: Dramatic Impacts of Climate Change. D. Salmon Surprises: Economic Impacts and Climate Change. （23-24高二下·吉林·期中）A humanoid robot can relay video and touch sensations to a person wearing a haptic (触觉内) feedback suit and a virtual reality (VR) headset hundreds of kilometres away, offering away for people to attend events without travelling. The iCub 3 robot is a 52-kilogram, 125-centimetre-tall robot with 54 joints across its body. Its head contains two cameras where a human’s eyes would be, and an Internet-connected computer where the brain would go. Along with the cameras, sensors covering its body send data to the robot’s “brain”. These sensations are then reproduced on a suit and VR headset worn by a remote human operator. When the operators react to what they see and feel, the suit’s sensors pick up the movements and the robot matches them. “The key is to translate every signal and bit of digital data that can be sent through the network.” says Stefano Dafarra, who was part of the iCub3 team. There can be a small delay of up to 100 milliseconds to capture and transmit the visual shots, but the operator can case this by moving slightly slower than normal. The team demonstrated the robot at the Venice Biennale, where it wandered through an exhibition while its operator stood 290 kilometres away in Genoa. Dafarra hopes people will use the iCub3 to attend events remotely, reducing the need to travel. “But at present, a fall could be hugely damaging to the robot, and it’s uncertain whether it could stand up again on its own," he says. “iCub3 is an interesting robot and offers clear advantages from the previous versions.” says Jonathan Aitken, whose laboratory owns a prior version of the robot. However, he is disappointed that the team wasn’t clear in its research about the data transmission requirements of the new version of the robot. “It would be good to know just how much data was required, and what the upper and lower bounds were.” he says. 9. What’s the principle behind the humanoid robot? A. It conveys sensations to the wearer and acts accordingly. B. It receives commands from an operator through the Internet. C. The cameras take pictures and then interact with the sensors. D. The computer in the robot processes the data and gives orders. 10. Which aspect of life may the technology be applied to? A. Medical consultation. B. Sports events. C. Outdoor workouts. D. Virtual tourism. 11. What can we infer about iCub 3 from the text? A. It fails to appeal to potential investors. B. Its performance hasn’t been evaluated clearly. C. Its present version still requires to be updated. D. Its transmission of data came across technical problems. 12. What is the best title for the text? A. Humanoid robots with sense of touch catch on B. iCub 3 robot combines with VR to benefit more people C. Humanoid robots let people see and feel things remotely D. New advances in technology enable people to travel at work 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 《《2023-2024学年下学期高二英语期终考试备考宝典》》 专题03阅读理解说明文2024真题6篇+实用技法+9类27篇押题预测 解析版 目录 一、2024阅读理解说明文真题演练6篇 P2 二、阅读理解说明文超实用技法妙招 P12 三、阅读理解说明文-事件评价题3篇 P13 四、阅读理解说明文-态度推断题3篇 P19 五、阅读理解说明文-预测下段题3篇 P24 六、阅读理解说明文-写作手法题3篇 P28 七、阅读理解说明文-段落大意题3篇 P33 八、阅读理解说明文-文章大意题3篇 P38 九、阅读理解说明文-段落例证题3篇 P43 十、阅读理解说明文-意图推断题3篇 P48 十一、阅读理解说明文-标题概括题3篇 P53 一、2024阅读理解说明文真题演练 01（2024新课标I卷C+D篇） C Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no.” The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks – like identifying the main idea in a reading passage – to ones that require mental abstraction – such as drawing inferences from a text. The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page. But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说).” According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies – say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 28. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain. C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice. 29. What does the shallowing hypothesis assume? A. Readers treat digital texts lightly. B. Digital texts are simpler to understand. C. People select digital texts randomly. D. Digital texts are suitable for social media. 30. Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers? A. They can hold students’ attention. B. They are more convenient to prepare. C. They help develop advanced skills. D. They are more informative than text. 31. What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques. B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material. C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education. D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored. 【答案】28. D 29. A 30. A 31. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是议论文。主要讨论了纸质阅读与数字阅读、音频和视频学习方式的差异和效果。 28.词句猜测题。根据前文“When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding.(当阅读几百字或更多的文本时，在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功。大量的研究证实了这一发现)”可知，在纸上学习更有成效，以及后文“when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.(当实验人员从提出简单的任务(如识别阅读文章的主旨)转移到需要思维抽象的任务(如从文本中推断)时)”推知，此处应是表达“当实验者从简单的任务转向需要精神抽象的任务时，纸质阅读的益处就变得显而易见”之意，所以shine through应是“显而易见”之意，和D项意思相近。故选D项。 29.推理判断题。根据第四段“But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.(但同样重要的是精神层面。阅读研究人员提出了一个名为“shallowing hypothesis”的理论。根据这一理论，人们以适合社交媒体的心态接触数字文本，这些文本通常不那么严肃，与阅读印刷品时相比，投入的精神努力也更少)”可知，shallowing hypothesis假设读者在阅读数字文本时会持有一种轻松的心态，不会像阅读纸质书籍那样投入太多的心理努力。故选A项。 30.细节理解题。根据第五段“Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person.(音频和视频可能比文本更具吸引力，因此大学教师越来越多地转向这些技术，例如分配在线讲座而不是同一作者的文章)”可知，音频和视频比文本更能吸引学生的注意力，所以大学教师越来越多地使用这些技术。故选A项。 31.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.(数字文本、音频和视频都具有教育作用，尤其是在提供印刷品中无法获得的资源时。然而，为了在需要精神集中和反思的情况下最大限度地学习，教育工作者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词)”可知，尽管数字文本、音频和视频在教育中有一定作用，但当需要精神集中和反思以最大化学习时，教育者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词。这表明作者认为纸质文本在教育中的作用仍然不可替代，因此暗示纸质文本在教育中的重要性。故选C项。 D In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect. “With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?” Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns. “We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features. What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity? “Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places – and even species – that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.” 32. What do we know about the records of species collected now? A. They are becoming outdated. B. They are mostly in electronic form. C. They are limited in number. D. They are used for public exhibition. 33. What does Daru’s study focus on? A. Threatened species. B. Physical specimens. C. Observational data. D. Mobile applications. 34. What has led to the biases according to the study? A. Mistakes in data analysis. B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures. C. Improper way of sampling. D. Unreliable data collection devices. 35. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps? A. Review data from certain areas. B. Hire experts to check the records. C. Confirm the identity of the users. D. Give guidance to citizen scientists. 【答案】32. B 33. C 34. C 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学的一项研究发现，数字生物多样性记录存在偏见，建议应用程序引导公民科学家获取更好的数据。 32.细节理解题。根据第一段“Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. (今天，大多数生物多样性的记录通常以照片、视频和其他数字记录的形式出现。)”可知，现在收集的物种记录大多是以电子形式存在的。故选B。 33.细节理解题。根据第二段“These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable? (这些观察结果现在超过了来自物理标本的原始数据，而且由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化，我想知道：它们有用吗?)”和第四段““We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. (Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”可知，Daru的研究聚焦于观察数据，即人们通过移动应用记录的物种观察数据。故选C。 34.细节理解题。根据第四段““We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. (Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”以及第五段“This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.( 这是有道理的，因为在移动设备上获得观察生物多样性数据的人通常是公民科学家，他们记录了他们在附近地区与物种的接触。)”可知，导致数据偏差的原因是采样方式的不当。故选C。 35.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image. (生物多样性应用程序可以使用我们的研究结果来告知用户样本过多的地区，并将他们引导到样本不足的地方，甚至是物种。为了提高观测数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序还可以鼓励用户让专家确认他们上传的图像的身份。)”可知，Daru 建议生物多样性应用应该给公民科学家提供指导。故选D。 02（2024新课标II卷C+D篇） C We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started. Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. 28. What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1? A. It guarantees the variety of food. B. It requires day-to-day care. C. It cuts the farm-to-table distance. D. It relies on farmer’s markets. 29. What information does the convenient app offer? A. Real-time weather changes. B. Current condition of the plants. C. Chemical pollutants in the soil. D. Availability of pre-seeded pods. 30. What can be concluded about BMF employees? A. They have a great passion for sports. B. They are devoted to community service. C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences. D They have a strong environmental awareness. 31. What does the text mainly talk about? A. BMF’s major strengths. B. BMF’s general management. C. BMF’s global influence. D. BMF’s technical standards. 【答案】28. C 29. B 30. D 31. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。 28.细节理解题。根据第一段“While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. (虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）甚至缩短了旅程)”可知，巴比伦微型农场（BMF）进一步缩短了从农场到餐桌的距离。故选C。 29.细节理解题。根据第三段“Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. (此外，还有一个便捷的应用程序，可以实时提供增长数据)”可知，这个便捷的应用程序提供了植物生长的实时数据。故选B。 30.推理判断题。根据最后一段“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. (BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF的一名员工表示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，BMF员工具有强烈的环保意识。故选D。 31.主旨大意题。根据第一段“While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. (虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）甚至缩短了旅程)”、第三段“By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. (通过云连接，对BMF进行远程监控。此外，还有一个方便的应用程序可以实时提供不断增长的数据。由于该系统是自动化的，因此大大减少了种植植物所需的水量。该系统不是给一排排土壤浇水，而是为每株植物提供合适的水量)”以及最后一段“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. (BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF的一名员工表示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。故选A。 D Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now-several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI-the technology companies and world leaders-so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with Al to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. 32. What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. If read by someone poorly educated. B. If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned. C. If written by someone less competent. D. If translated by someone unacademic. 33. What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text? A. It is packed with complex codes. B. It adopts a down-to-earth writing style. C. It provides step-by-step instructions. D. It is intended for AI professionals. 34. What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development? A. Observe existing regulations on it. B. Reconsider expert opinions about it. C. Make joint efforts to keep it under control. D. Learn from prior experience to slow it down. 35. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To recommend a book on AI. B. To give a brief account of AI history. C. To clarify the definition of AI. D. To honor an outstanding AI expert. 【答案】32. C 33. B 34. C 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Catriona Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence一书。该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机。 32.词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. (这样一本书可能会像驱动人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂，但值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”可知，坎贝尔撰写的这本书是通俗易懂的，如果别人写这本书的话可能就不是这样了，推测划线短语表示 “如果是由能力较差的人写的”。故选C项。 33. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.(值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”可知，坎贝尔在书中将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容，这本书的特点是通俗易懂，推测它采用了接地气的写作风格。故选B项。 34.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. (她说，我们必须保持对人工智能的控制，否则就有被边缘化甚至更糟的风险)”和文章最后一段“We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. (我们需要考虑我们希望人工智能的未来如何发展。这种结构化的思维，加上全球监管，将使我们走向伟大，而不是走向衰败)”可知，坎贝尔敦促人们保持对人工智能的控制，考虑人工智能的未来应如何发展，所以关于人工智能的发展，坎贝尔敦促人们共同努力将其控制住。故选C项。 35. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). (考虑到人工智能改变我们生活的惊人潜力，我们都需要采取行动来应对人工智能驱动的未来，这正是AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence的用武之地。卡特里奥娜·坎贝尔撰写的这本引人入胜的新书是一本实用的路线图，旨在应对即将到来的人工智能革命带来的挑战)”和文章最后一段“AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. (人工智能将影响我们所有人，如果你只读一本关于这个主题的书，那就是这本书)”可知，本文主要介绍了Catriona Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence一书，该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机，所以作者写这篇文章的目的是推荐一本关于人工智能的书。故选A项。 03（2024全国甲卷C+D篇） C The Saint Lukas train doesn’t accept passengers—it accepts only the sick. The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural(乡村)populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions. “People started queuing to make an appointment early in the morning,” says Emile Ducke, a German photographer who traveled with the staff of the Saint Lukas for a two-week trip in November through the vast regions(区域)of Krasnoyarsk and Khakassia. Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor’s appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation. For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock(补给). Then it starts all over again the next month. Most stations wait about a year between visits. Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ” 28. How is the Saint Lukas different from other trains? A. It runs across countries. B. It reserves seats for the seniors. C. It functions as a hospital. D. It travels along a river. 29. What can we infer from paragraph 3 about Krasnoyarsk? A. It is heavily populated. B. It offers training for doctors. C. It is a modern city. D. It needs medical aid. 30. How long can the Saint Lukas work with one supply? A. About a year. B. About ten months. C. About two months. D. About two weeks. 31. What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services? A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful C. Ambiguous. D. Cautious. 【答案】28. C 29. D 30. D 31. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述政府赞助了五辆名为圣卢卡斯的医疗列车为俄罗斯中部和东部偏远地区每年提供为期10个月的巡回医疗服务，为乡村居民提供基本医疗检查和治疗，改善当地医疗条件。 28.细节理解题，根据文章第一段“The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural(乡村)populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions. (圣卢卡斯号是五列政府资助的医疗列车之一，前往俄罗斯中部和东部的偏远城镇。每一站平均停留两天，在此期间，船上的医生和护士为农村人口提供基本医疗服务、X光扫描和处方。)”可知，圣卢卡斯号与其他火车的不同之处在于它是政府资助的医疗火车，充当医院。因此选C。 29.推理判断题，第三段提到“Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor's appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. (俄罗斯的公共卫生保健服务迫切需要现代化。政府一直在努力提出解决这一问题的措施，特别是在伏尔加河以东较贫穷的农村地区，包括通过视频聊天安排医生预约，扩大财政援助计划，激励医生到克拉斯诺亚尔斯克等偏远地区行医。) ”可以推断，Krasnoyarsk需要医疗援助，故选D。 30.细节理解题，根据第四段“For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock (补给). ”(每年有10个月，火车在两周内停靠大约八个车站，然后返回地区首府进行补给和重新装货。) ”可知，圣卢卡斯号一份补给可以工作大约两周，故选D。 31.推断判断题。根据最后一段的““I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned, ” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ”(“医生和他们的助手在这么小的空间里工作和生活，但仍然保持专注和非常关注，这给我留下了深刻的印象，”Ducke说。这是许多农村人获得他们想要的治疗的最好机会。”)”可知，Ducke对Saint Lukas的服务持赞赏的态度，故选A。 D “I didn’t like the ending,” I said to my favorite college professor. It was my junior year of undergraduate, and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending. Prof. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not. He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters, endings that satisfied the story even if they didn’t have a traditionally positive outcome. Of course, I would have preferred a different ending for Tom and Maggie Tulliver, but the ending they got did make the most sense for them. This was an aha moment for me, and I never thought about endings the same way again. From then on, if I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy, I’d pick up a love romance. If I wanted an ending I couldn’t guess, I’d pick up a mystery (悬疑小说). One where I kind of knew what was going to happen, historical fiction. Choosing what to read became easier. But writing the end—that’s hard. It’s hard for writers because endings carry so much weight with readers. You have to balance creating an ending that's unpredictable, but doesn’t seem to come from nowhere, one that fits what’s right for the characters. That’s why this issue (期) of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you’re doing. If it’s short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work. This issue won’t tell you what your ending should be—that’s up to you and the story you’re telling—bu it might provide what you need to get there. 32. Why did the author go to Prof. Gracie? A. To discuss a novel. B. To submit a book report. C. To argue for a writer. D. To ask for a reading list. 33. What did the author realize after seeing Gracie? A. Writing is a matter of personal preferences. B. Readers are often carried away by character. C. Each type of literature has its unique end. D. A story which begins well will end well. 34. What is expected of a good ending? A It satisfies readers’ taste. B. It fits with the story development. C. It is usually positive. D. It is open for imagination. 35. Why does the author mention Peter Mountford and Elizabeth Sims? A. To give examples of great novelists. B. To stress the theme of this issue. C. To encourage writing for the magazine. D. To recommend their new books. 【答案】32. A 33. C 34. B 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章首先通过作者与教授关于小说结局的讨论引发了对结局的思考，接着阐述了不同类型的文学作品结局的特点，最后提出了写作好的结局的重要性并介绍了《Writer’s Digest》杂志如何帮助作家写出更好的结尾。 32.细节理解题。根据第一段““I didn’t like the ending,” I said to my favorite college professor. It was my junior year of undergraduate, and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending. Prof. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not.( “我不喜欢这个结局，”我对我最喜欢的大学教授说。那是我大三的时候，我正在做一项关于维多利亚文学的独立研究。我刚刚读完乔治•艾略特的《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》，读到结尾我很伤心。格雷西教授耐心地让我考虑一下，不要只看我喜不喜欢)”可知，作者去找格雷西教授是为了讨论小说。故选A项。 33.推理判断题。根据第二段“This was an aha moment for me, and I never thought about endings the same way again. From then on, if I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy, I’d pick up a love romance. If I wanted an ending I couldn’t guess, I’d pick up a mystery (悬疑小说). One where I kind of knew what was going to happen, historical fiction. Choosing what to read became easier.( 这对我来说是一个顿悟的时刻，我再也没有想过同样的结局。从那时起，如果我想读一个保证幸福的结局，我就会选一部爱情小说。如果我想要一个我猜不到的结局，我会选一本神秘小说。一种是我知道会发生什么，历史小说。选择读什么变得更容易了)”可知，见过格雷西教授后，作者意识到了每种类型的文学都有其独特的结局。故选C项。 34.推理判断题。根据第三段“But writing the end—that’s hard. It’s hard for writers because endings carry so much weight with readers. You have to balance creating an ending that’s unpredictable, but doesn’t seem to come from nowhere, one that fits what’s right for the characters.(但是写出结局——那很难。对作家来说很难，因为结局对读者来说意义重大。你必须平衡创造一个不可预测的结局，但这个结局又不能显得凭空而来，要适合角色的设定)”可知，人们对一个好结局的期望是结局又不能显得凭空而来，要适合角色的设定，也就是符合故事的发展。故选B项。 35.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“That’s why this issue (期) of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you’re doing. If it’s short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work.( 这就是为什么这期《Writer’s Digest》旨在帮助你找出如何为你正在写的任何类型的作品写出最好的结局。如果是短篇小说，彼得•蒙特福德分解了六种技巧，你可以尝试看看哪一种能帮助你完美着陆。伊丽莎白•西姆斯分析了五部伟大小说的最后几章，看看它们包含了哪些关键点，以及你如何将它们应用到你的作品中)”可知，作者提到彼得•蒙福德和伊丽莎白•西姆斯是为了强调这期《Writer’s Digest》的主题，即帮助读者写出更好的结尾。故选B项。 二、阅读理解说明文超实用技法妙招 1.阅读理解说明文细节理解题注意落实“定位原文”和“同义替换”技巧。 2.重视说明文“倒三角形”结构，特别是首段和段首的独特引领作用。 3.标题概括题重视三性：概括性、简洁性和新颖性和反复出现的关键词。 4.说明文长难句较多落实“括号法”，(从句+非谓语+介词短语)。 5.事件评价题重视原文定位，尤其是涉及褒贬性的动词和形容词。 6.态度推断题首先要突破常见态度类形容词，再抓原文定位抠细节。 7.预测下段题90%需要结合尾段甚至最后一句推测下段主题。 8.写作手法题首先要注意定位段落和关键词如for example等。 9.段落大意题先定位好具体段落，寻找主题句，尤其是段首句。 10.文章大意题重视首段概括和尾段照应作用，留意选项关键词。 11.段落例证题若首段多导入话题，其它段落先定位再做判断。 12.意图推断题需要结合文章主旨和具体段落，意图服务于主旨。 13.标题概括题侧重首段首句及文章关键词，同时运用排除法。 14.满分目标：先题后文+原文定位作标记留痕迹+对比选项防大意。 三、阅读理解说明文-事件评价题3篇 （23-24高二下·贵州贵阳·阶段练习）Saving Us: A Climate Scientist's Case for Hope and Healing in a Divided World is one of the most important books about climate change to have been written. Hayhoe is a gifted public speaker and Saving Us is a follow-up to her awesome TED talk in 2018, “The most important thing you can do to fight climate change: talk about it. ”      One of the many refreshing aspects of this book is that Hayhoe recounts both her successes and her failures to communicate, through which she has gathered evidence about what works and what does not. Much of the book's advice is common sense, all backed up not just by Hayhoe's experience but also with convincing research by psychologists and social scientists. Hayhoe advises against trying to engage with a small minority, the “Dismissives”, who “angrily reject the idea that human-caused climate change is a threat; they are most receptive (易接受的) to misinformation and conspiracy theories (阴谋论)”. There is a warning that offering up more facts about climate change can actually increase polarisation(两极化)  among them. The book includes amusing examples of her encounters with the “Dismissives” , almost entirely older men — including an engineer who was unconvinced about the evidence but with whom she was able to establish mutual (相互的) respect through a shared passion for knitting (打毛线衣) — and is packed with inspiring accounts of how she has won over even the most suspicious of crowds. Her motto is “bond, connect and inspire” , which represents her approach of always looking for points of commonality. She also tells of a man who approached her after an event in London in 2019. He had been so inspired by her TED talk that he had started to speak to everybody he could in his neighborhood of Wandsworth. He showed her details of 12,000 conversations that had taken place as a result, claiming that they had helped to convince the government to declare a climate emergency and to switch investments from fossil fuels to renewable energy. And so, while it may feel difficult to influence the outcome of the COP26, Hayhoe’s uplifting book makes a persuasive case that we can all do our bit to bring about success just by talking about the issue. 1. What does the book mainly focus on? A. Promoting people's insight into climate change. B. Introducing presentation skills with TED talks. C. Sharing communication tips on climate change. D. Developing critical thinking through literature. 2. Which of the following best describes the advice in the book? A. Humorous but one-sided. B. Novel and interesting. C. Serious and hard to follow. D. Well-based and workable. 3. What did Hayhoe do to win over the "Dismissives"? A. She changed their political identity. B. She sought common ground by bonding. C. She challenged their fundamental beliefs. D. She provided more facts about climate change. 4. What does the author intend to say by telling the story in Paragraph 5? A. Talks can affect climate decision-making. B. The shift to renewable energy is unstoppable. C. Policymakers turn a blind eye to climate change. D. We need to call on people to prepare for the climate crisis. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。Hayhoe的书——《拯救我们：一位气候科学家在分裂的世界中寻求希望和治愈的案例》是有关气候变化的最重要的书籍之一。文章主要介绍了这本书。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Saving Us: A Climate Scientist's Case for Hope and Healing in a Divided World is one of the most important books about climate change to have been written.(《拯救我们：一位气候科学家在分裂的世界中寻求希望和治愈的案例》是有关气候变化的最重要的书籍之一)”和第二段“One of the many refreshing aspects of this book is that Hayhoe recounts both her successes and her failures to communicate, through which she has gathered evidence about what works and what does not. Much of the book’s advice is common sense(这本书的许多令人耳目一新的方面之一是海霍讲述了她在沟通方面的成功和失败，通过这些她收集了关于什么有效、什么无效的证据。书中的大部分建议都是常识)”可知，这本书主要分享了气候沟通的建议。故选 C。 2. 推理判断题。根据二段中“Much of the book’s advice is common sense, all backed up not just by Hayhoe’s experience but also with convincing research by psychologists and social scientists.(书中的大部分建议都是常识， 所有这些建议不仅得到海霍的经验的支持，而且得到了心理学家和社会科学家令人信服的研究的支持)”可知，书中的这些建议是有充分的依据的； 再根据第四段中“The book includes amusing examples of her encounters with the “Dismissives”, almost entirely older men — including an engineer who was unconvinced about the evidence but with whom she was able to establish mutual (相互的) respect through a shared passion for knitting (打毛线衣) — and is packed with inspiring accounts of how she has won over even the most suspicious of crowds.(这本书包含了她与“不屑一顾的人”相遇的有趣例子，这些人几乎都是年长的男性，其中包括一名对证据不相信的工程师，但她能够通过对编毛衣的共同热情与他建立相互的尊重——书中充满了鼓舞人心的故事，讲述了她如何赢得了最可疑的人群的支持)”可知，这本书中充满了鼓舞人心的故事，有操作性。由此推知，书中的建议是有根据的和可行的。故选D。 3. 细节理解题。根据第四段“The book includes amusing examples of her encounters with the “Dismissives”, almost entirely older men — including an engineer who was unconvinced about the evidence but with whom she was able to establish mutual (相互的) respect through a shared passion for knitting (打毛线衣) — and is packed with inspiring accounts of how she has won over even the most suspicious of crowds.(这本书包含了她与“不屑一顾的人”相遇的有趣例子，这些人几乎都是年长的男性，其中包括一名对证据不相信的工程师，但她能够通过对编毛衣的共同热情与他建立相互的尊重——书中充满了鼓舞人心的故事，讲述了她如何赢得了最可疑的人群的支持)”可知，海霍通过在共同的爱好的基础上寻求共同点，来赢得“轻蔑者”的支持。故选B。 4. 推理判断题。根据第五段“He had been so inspired by her TED talk that he had started to speak to everybody he could in his neighborhood of Wandsworth. He showed her details of 12,000 conversations that had taken place as a result, claiming that they had helped to convince the government to declare a climate emergency and to switch investments from fossil fuels to renewable energy.(他受到她的TED演讲的启发， 开始与旺兹沃斯附近的每个人交谈。他向她展示了由此发生的12000次对话的详细信息，声称这些对话帮助说服理事会宣布气候紧急状态并将投资从化石燃料转向可再生能源)”和最后一段中“Hayhoe's uplifting book makes a persuasive case that we can all do our bit to bring about success just by talking about the issue.(海霍这本令人振奋的书提出了一个有说服力的案例，即我们都可以通过谈论这个问题尽自己的一份力量来取得成功)”可知，这个故事表明，这些对话帮助说服理事会宣布气候紧急状态并将投资从化石燃料转向可再生能源。由此推知，作者通过第五段的故事表明对话可以影响气候决策。故选 A。 （23-24高二下·河南·阶段练习）Fresco（湿壁画）refers to painting techniques used on plaster（石膏）. Popular during the Renaissance period, especially in Italy, frescoes were usually used to decorate walls of public buildings. The purest type of fresco painting, also known as "buon fresco", involves mixing pigments（颜料） directly with wet plaster. The color is thus actually part of the material, rather than a coating on top of it. The colors of a buon fresco are especially vibrant and long-lasting; the Bull-Leaping Fresco in Knossos, Crete was created around the 17th-15th centuries BCE, but the colors are still clear today. However, this technique is not without its unique disadvantages. For one thing, colors look different when they are wet than when they are dry. Artists of the time typically mixed their own plaster and color mixtures, working quickly to finish a part of a mural（壁画） before the plaster dried. The mixture they created the next time might have been a slightly different shade. If you look carefully at the frescoes on the Sistine Chapel, you can see which parts must have been completed in a single session by the faint differences in colors. Fresco secco requires something to be added to the paint to make it stick to the dry plaster. This technique is sometimes used to repair a buon fresco that has been damaged, although the colors are generally not as bright. However, some colors actually worked better with fresco secco. During the Renaissance period, the available pigments for creating blue did not mix well with wet plaster; for this reason, skies, water, and blue clothing sometimes were painted as fresco secco after the buon fresco had dried. In 1997, the frescoes by Giotto di Bondone in the Basilica of St. Francis in Assisi, Italy were damaged in an earthquake. 150 restorers spent five years gathering 60,000 pieces that they could find and set them back into place, much like a puzzle, although about 35 percent of the frescoes remains incomplete. 5. What does the underlined word "vibrant" in paragraph 2 mean? A. Bright. B. Simple. C. Watery. D. Rare. 6. What does the author want to show by mentioning the frescoes on the Sistine Chapel? A. It was in Italy that true fresco was widely used. B. It is crucial to differentiate varied painting styles. C. It took time for painters to create their unique colors. D. It was hard to create the exactly same color every time. 7. What makes creating buon frescon differ from creating fresco secco? A. The limited choice of themes. B. The amount of water in plaster. C. The time of creating. D. The cost of pigments. 8. Which can best describe the repair process of Giotto's frescoes? A. Slow but creative. B. Complicated and dangerous. C. Time-consuming and laborious. D. Discouraging but money-saving. 【答案】5. A 6. D 7. B 8. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了湿壁画的两种技术。 5. 词句猜测题。根据文章第二段中的描述“The colors of a buon fresco are especially … and long-lasting; the Bull-Leaping Fresco in Knossos, Crete was created around the 17th-15th centuries BCE, but the colors are still clear today.（buon fresco的颜色特别……且持久；克里特岛克诺索斯的公牛跳跃壁画创作于公元前17-15世纪，但颜色至今仍清晰可见。）”可知，下文说的是克里特岛克诺索斯的公牛跳跃壁画的颜色至今仍清晰可见，可推理出“vibrant”的含义为：颜色明亮、生动，故选A项。 6. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的描述“For one thing, colors look different when they are wet than when they are dry. Artists of the time typically mixed their own plaster and color mixtures, working quickly to finish a part of a mural（壁画） before the plaster dried. The mixture they created the next time might have been a slightly different shade. If you look carefully at the frescoes on the Sistine Chapel, you can see which parts must have been completed in a single session by the faint differences in colors.（一方面，颜色湿的时候和干的时候看起来不同。当时的艺术家通常会自己混合石膏和颜料混合物，迅速完成壁画的一部分，以免石膏干透。他们下次混合的混合物可能会有稍微不同的阴影。如果你仔细看看西斯廷教堂的壁画，你可以通过颜色的细微差别看出哪些部分一定是一次性完成的。）”可以推断，作者提到西斯廷教堂的壁画是为了展示每次创造完全相同的颜色是多么困难，故选D项。 7. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段的描述“The purest type of fresco painting, also known as "buon fresco", involves mixing pigments（颜料） directly with wet plaster.（最纯粹的壁画类型，也称为“buon fresco”，涉及将颜料直接与湿石膏混合。）”以及第三段的描述“Fresco secco requires something to be added to the paint to make it stick to the dry plaster.（Fresco secco需要在油漆中添加一些东西使其粘附在干石膏上。）”可知，创建buon fresco将颜料直接与湿石膏混合，而创建fresco secco需要在油漆中添加一些东西使其粘附在干石膏上，可推理出它们不同之处在于石膏中的水分量，故选B项。 8. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的描述“In 1997, the frescoes by Giotto di Bondone in the Basilica of St. Francis in Assisi, Italy were damaged in an earthquake. 150 restorers spent five years gathering 60,000 pieces that they could find and set them back into place, much like a puzzle, although about 35 percent of the frescoes remains incomplete.（1997年，意大利阿西西圣弗朗西斯大教堂的Giotto di Bondone壁画在一场地震中受损。150名修复者花了五年时间收集了他们能找到的60,000片碎片，并将它们重新拼凑起来，就像拼图一样，尽管大约35%的壁画仍然不完整。）”可知，150名修复者花了五年时间收集碎片，可以推断，Giotto壁画的修复过程是耗时且费力的，故选C项。 （23-24高一下·山东·期中）In online meetings, it’s easy to keep people from talking over each other. Someone just hits the mute (静音) button. But for the most part, this ability doesn’t translate easily to recording in-person meetings. In a cafe, there are no buttons to silence the table beside you. The ability to locate and manage sound —separating one person talking from a specific location in a crowded room, for example — has challenged researchers, especially without the help of cameras. A team led by researchers at the University of Washington has developed a shape-changing smart speaker, which can divide rooms into speech areas and track the position s of individual speakers. With the help of the team’s deep-learning AI model, the system lets users mute certain areas or separate simultaneous (同时的) conversations, even if two people have similar voices. In a room meeting, such a system might be used instead of a central microphone, allowing better control of in-room sound. “If I close my eyes and there are10 people talking in a room, I have no idea who’s saying what and where they are in the room exactly. That’s very intractable for the human brain to process. Until now, it’s also been hard for technology,” said co-lead author Malek Itani. “For the first time, we’re able to track the positions of different people talking in a room and separate their speech.” Early research has required using overhead cameras, projectors or special surfaces. The new system is the first to use only sound. Instead of processing the sound in the cloud, as most smart speakers do, the new system processes all the sound locally. And even though some people’s first thoughts may be about observation, the system can be used for the opposite, the team says. “It can actually benefit privacy, beyond what current smart speakers allow,” Itani said. “I can say, ‘Don’t record anything around my desk,’ and our system will create a bubble 3 feet around me. Nothing in this bubble would be recorded.” 9. What did the research team focus on? A. Allowing real-time communication by AI. B. Developing Al-powered language models. C. Lowering the background noise of conversations. D. Tracking and controlling sound in crowded settings. 10. What does the underlined word “intractable” in Paragraph 4 mean? A. Dangerous. B. Natural. C. Difficult. D. Necessary. 11. Which of the following can best describe the new system? A. Educational. B. Influential. C. Pioneering. D. Costly. 12. What is the advantage of the new system according to Itani? A. It records nearby conversations. B. It offers improved privacy protection. C. It deadens the noise in a particular space. D. It includes simultaneous translation service. 【答案】9. D 10. C 11. C 12. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了华盛顿大学研究团队开发的一种新型智能扬声器系统，该系统具有在嘈杂环境中定位和管理声音的能力，特别是在现场会议中的应用。 9. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The ability to locate and manage sound —separating one person talking from a specific location in a crowded room, for example — has challenged researchers, especially without the help of cameras.(定位和管理声音的能力——例如，在拥挤的房间中将说话的人与特定位置分开——对研究人员来说是一个挑战，尤其是在没有摄像机帮助的情况下。)”以及第三段“A team led by researchers at the University of Washington has developed a shape-changing smart speaker, which can divide rooms into speech areas and track the position s of individual speakers. With the help of the team’s deep-learning AI model, the system lets users mute certain areas or separate simultaneous (同时的) conversations, even if two people have similar voices.(由华盛顿大学研究人员领导的一个团队开发了一种可变形的智能扬声器，它可以将房间划分为语音区域，并跟踪单个扬声器的位置。在该团队的深度学习AI模型的帮助下，即使两个人的声音相似，该系统也可以让用户将某些区域或单独的同时对话静音。)”可推断，研究团队专注于在拥挤环境中跟踪和控制声音的能力。故选D。 10. 词句猜测题。根据划线单词所在句的上一句“If I close my eyes and there are10 people talking in a room, I have no idea who’s saying what and where they are in the room exactly. (如果我闭上眼睛，房间里有10个人在说话，我不知道谁在说什么，也不知道他们在房间里的确切位置。)”可知，对于人类大脑而言，定位声音是“困难的”，尤其是人多的环境中。选项A“Dangerous (危险的)”；选项B“Natural (自然的)”；选项C“Difficult (困难的)”；选项D“Necessary (必要的)”。故选C。 11. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Early research has required using overhead cameras, projectors or special surfaces. The new system is the first to use only sound.(早期的研究需要使用头顶摄像机、投影仪或特殊的表面。新系统是第一个只使用声音的系统。)”可知，这个新系统是第一个仅使用声音的系统，这表明它在该领域是开创性的。因此，最能描述这个新系统的词是选项C“Pioneering(开创性的）”。故选C。 12. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段““It can actually benefit privacy, beyond what current smart speakers allow,” Itani said. “I can say, ‘Don’t record anything around my desk,’ and our system will create a bubble 3 feet around me. Nothing in this bubble would be recorded.”(Itani说:“它实际上可以保护隐私，这是目前智能音箱所不能做到的。我可以说，‘不要在我的桌子周围记录任何东西’，我们的系统就会在我周围3英尺处形成一个气泡。这个泡沫里没有任何东西会被记录下来。”)”可知，这表明新系统的一个优势是它能提供改进的隐私保护。故选B。 四、阅读理解说明文-态度推断题3篇 （23-24高二下·山东临沂·期中）As Earth’s climate has been warming, the risk of urban flooding g has grown, too. Building ponds to collect extra rainwater can restrain that flooding. But those ponds may actually add to global warming, according to a new study. Recently, Audrey Goeckner, lead author of the new study, and her team compared the uptake and later release of carbon-based gases at five ponds, which were all in Manatee County Fla. Along with a lab technician, Goeckner collected samples from samples from the bottoms of the ponds. The samples had mud above sandy material. Older ponds had deeper mud. Back at the lab, the research team measured the carbon-based chemicals in the samples. In general, older ponds released less of these carbon-based chemicals into the air than younger ponds did. At the same time, “The rate that older ponds we restoring carbon in the sediment (沉积物) increased, “Goeckner says. In contrast, younger ponds seem to send out more carbon than they stored away. “Sediment layers tend to be deeper in older ponds. They often have less oxygen available to fuel the breakdown of cells and tissues by microbes. This could slow the release of carbon-rich gases. It’s just really important to take into account how these human-made ecosystems are playing apart in the environment,” Goeckner explains. Her team shared its findings in Communication Earth Environment. This isn’t the first study to show that ponds can release greenhouse gases, notes Trisha Moore, an ecological engineer at Kansas; State University. What sets the new study apart is that it is one of the first “looking at both parts of the system” —how much carbon the ponds store and how much they release. As such, she finds, “It was just a nice example of how we need to look at a system. However, she warns, this study sampled only a small number of ponds in one state. “Future research should look at what happens in ponds where the climate and vegetation are different,” Moore says. 1. What does the underlined word “restrain” in paragraph 11 probably mean? A. Predict. B. Explain. C. Cause D. Limit. 2. What did Goeckner’s team study? A. How long the ponds could be formed B. How carbon-based gases affected humans. C. How much carbon the ponds stored and sent out D. How human made ecosystems benefited the environment. 3. What did Goeckner’s team find out about younger ponds? A. They had deeper mud. B. They added to global warming. C. They stored less oxygen D. They could be used to control floods. 4. What is Moore’s attitude to Goeckner’s study? A. Objective. B. Disappointed C. Favourable. D. Opposite. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现，人造池塘在收集雨水以缓解城市洪水风险的同时，可能加剧全球变暖。 1. 词句猜测题。根据划线单词上一句“As Earth’s climate has been warming, the risk of urban flooding g has grown, too. (随着地球气候变暖，城市洪水的风险也在增加。)”以及划线单词前的“Building ponds to collect extra rainwater(建造池塘来收集多余的雨水)”可推测，划线单词的意思和“抑制、限制”相关，指的是洪水的风险增加，于是人们建造池塘收集雨水以抑制洪水。选项A“Predict(预测)”；选项B“Explain(解释)”；选项C“Cause(导致)”；选项D“Limit(限制)”。故选D。 2. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Recently, Audrey Goeckner, lead author of the new study, and her team compared the uptake and later release of carbon-based gases at five ponds, which were all in Manatee County Fla.(最近，这项新研究的主要作者Audrey Goeckner和她的团队比较了佛罗里达州海牛县五个池塘对碳基气体的吸收和随后的释放。)”以及文章最后一段“What sets the new study apart is that it is one of the first “looking at both parts of the system” —how much carbon the ponds store and how much they release.(这项新研究的与众不同之处在于，它是第一次“同时观察系统的两个部分”——池塘储存了多少碳，又释放了多少碳。)”可知，Goeckner的团队研究了池塘储存和释放了多少碳。故选C。 3. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“In general, older ponds released less of these carbon-based chemicals into the air than younger ponds did. At the same time, “The rate that older ponds we restoring carbon in the sediment (沉积物) increased, “Goeckner says. In contrast, younger ponds seem to send out more carbon than they stored away.(总的来说，老池塘向空气中释放的碳基化学物质比新池塘少。与此同时，“旧池塘恢复沉积物中碳的速度增加了，”Goeckner说。相比之下，较年轻的池塘释放的碳似乎比储存的要多。)”可知，Goeckner的团队发现较年轻的池塘释放到空气中的碳基气体较多，这可能是因为它们的沉积物层较浅，微生物分解细胞和组织的过程较为活跃，导致更多的碳基气体被释放到大气中。这一发现与全球变暖有关，因为它增加了大气中的温室气体含量。故选B。 4. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“As such, she finds, “It was just a nice example of how we need to look at a system. However, she warns, this study sampled only a small number of ponds in one state. “Future research should look at what happens in ponds where the climate and vegetation are different,” Moore says.(因此，她发现，“这只是一个很好的例子，说明我们需要如何看待一个系统。然而，她警告说，这项研究只对一个州的一小部分池塘进行了采样。” Moore说：“未来的研究应该看看气候和植被不同的池塘里会发生什么。”)”可知，Moore对于Goeckner团队的研究结果，并没有表达任何批评或反对的立场，而是客观地进行了评价。故选A。 （23-24高二下·广东深圳·期中）If a pancake could dream, it might long for legs so it could jump off your breakfast plate in pursuit of a better, unchewed life. But legs aren’t necessary for something as flat as a pancake to jump around. A group of scientists have designed a pancake-shaped robot that can jump several times per second and higher than seven times its body height. The new robot named Hop, which swiftly jumps without feet, is an important contribution to the soft robotics. Many ground robots move by rolling or walking. But it’s more efficient for robots to jump over obstacles (障碍物) than to go around them. Although jumping can offer some robots a competitive edge, engineering that ability has been a challenge for robotics researchers. Some soft robots that store energy can perform a single impressive jump very infrequently. Some lightweight soft robots that don’t store energy can jump frequently but can’t jump high or far enough to successfully cross an obstacle. For inspiration, the researchers looked to gall midge larvae (瘿蚊幼虫) that miraculously throw themselves across distances 30 times as long as their loglike bodies. A gall midge larva bends its body and squeezes the liquid in its body to one end, making it rigid (僵硬的). The accumulation of liquid builds up pressure, and releasing the pressure sends it soaring (飙升). The robot’s body doesn’t resemble (像) that of a gall midge larva, but it jumps like one. Its body is made of two small plastic bags printed with electrodes; the front bag is filled with liquid and the back one is filled with the same volume of air. The robot uses electricity to drive the flow of liquid, which causes the body to bend and generate force with the ground, resulting in a jump. And the air bag imitates the function of an animal’s tail, helping the robot keep a stable position. While the robot is currently restricted to Earth, it might be right at home exploring another planet. If this is true, the researchers robot might jump over dusty rocks and large holes on the moon or Mars, going where no pancake has gone before. 5. What does the author want to show by mentioning a pancake? A. A pancake’s dream to have legs is unrealistic. B. A robot is capable of serving a good pancake. C. A pancake-shaped robot can jump without legs. D. Research on pancakes advances our understanding of robots. 6. What difficultly do robotics researchers have in developing Hop according to Paragraph 2? A. Hop’s avoiding an obstacle. B. Hop’s moving around by rolling. C. Hop’s performing one remarkable jump. D. Hop’s jumping high and far continuously. 7. What inspiration do the researchers draw from gall midge larvae? A. They are shaped like logs. B. They have tails to change positions. C. They bend their bodies and increase force. D. They are filled with liquid and have rigid bodies. 8. What is the author’s attitude to the future of the new robot? A. Intolerant. B. Positive. C. Indifferent. D. Ambiguous. 【答案】5. C 6. D 7. C 8. B 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，主要介绍了一款扁平无腿机器人的原理，优点及前景。 5. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“If a pancake could dream, it might long for legs so it could jump off your breakfast plate in pursuit of a better, unchewed life. But legs aren’t necessary for something as flat as a pancake to jump around. A group of scientists have designed a pancake-shaped robot that can jump several times per second and higher than seven times its body height.(如果煎饼可以做梦，它可能会渴望长出腿，这样它就可以从你的早餐盘上跳下来，追求更好的、不被咀嚼的生活。但是对于像煎饼这样扁平的东西来说，腿并不是必须的。一组科学家设计了一个煎饼形状的机器人，它可以每秒跳几次，高度超过其身高的7倍)”可知，作者在第一段提及煎饼是为了引出说明没有腿也能跳的煎饼形状的机器人。故选C。 6. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Some soft robots that store energy can perform a single impressive jump very infrequently. Some lightweight soft robots that don’t store energy can jump frequently but can’t jump high or far enough to successfully cross an obstacle.(一些储存能量的软体机器人很少能完成一次令人印象深刻的跳跃。一些不储存能量的轻量级软体机器人可以频繁跳跃，但跳得不够高，跳得不够远，无法成功跨越障碍)”可知，研究者的研发难点在于如何使机器人持续跳跃，且跳得又高又远。故选D。 7. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“A gall midge larva bends its body and squeezes the liquid in its body to one end, making it rigid(僵硬的). The accumulation of liquid builds up pressure, and releasing the pressure sends it soaring(飙升).(瘿蚊幼虫弯曲身体，将体内的液体挤压到一端，使其变得坚硬。液体的积累会产生压力，而释放压力会让压力飙升)”可知，瘿蚊幼虫通过弯曲身体，挤压液体，积聚压力然后释放来跳跃。故选C。 8. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“If this is true, the researchers robot might jump over dusty rocks and large holes on the moon or Mars, going where no pancake has gone before.(如果这是真的，研究机器人可能会跳过月球或火星上布满灰尘的岩石和大洞，去到以前没有煎饼去过的地方)”可知，作者这种新机器人的前景持有乐观态度。故选B。 （23-24高二下·云南昆明·期中）Across the world, people and governments are banning pesticides (杀虫剂) and planting more flowers to increase bee populations naturally. Now farmers and beekeepers have a new way to protect bee populations. The traditional hive most commonly used in the world today was designed by humans about 150 years ago. Most people are so used to them that they mistakenly confuse them with bees’ natural habitat. By completely redesigning the beehive, a company called Beewise was able to address many of the inefficiencies of the box and significantly improve bees’ well- being and lifetime. Using 24/7 monitoring and smart technology that significantly increases pollination capacity (授粉能力) and honey production, Beewise’s robotic beehive, the Beehome, discovers threats to a honeybee population such as pesticides and the presence of pests and immediately defends against them. Its automatic robotic system responds to threats in real time and requires no human assistance. Beehomes are thermally regulated (热调节的) and can provide protection from fires, flooding, and Asian wasps. The hive even feeds the honeybees when local food supply is not available. In a statement, the company says, “The Beehome reduces bee deaths by 80%, resulting in increased production of at least 50%, while reducing about 90% of manual labor (体力劳动) when compared to traditional beehives.” Beewise currently manages more than seven billion bees, which is equal to 25,000 acres of pollinated crops. Through the Beehome device, the Israeli startup says it has saved over 160 million bees over the course of the last 12 months. Their task of saving bees recently received $80 million funding for their autonomous hive. “We are using precision robotics with the world’s most creative technologies including AI and computer vision in order to save the bees,” stated Saar Safra, CEO of Beewise. He says that with thousands of orders placed in the U.S. in just the last few months, their new funding will allow Beewise to meet the market demand through increased production. 9. What do we know about the traditional hive most commonly used today? A. It is artificial. B. It is bees’ natural habitat. C. It can be confusing to bees. D. It does more harm than good. 10. What is an advantage of the Beehome? A. It is similar to natural beehives. B. It can help bees to settle down. C. It can monitor fires and floods. D. It keeps bees away from threats. 11. What is Saar Safra’s attitude towards the Beehome? A. Doubtful. B. Objective. C. Positive. D. Conservative. 12. What is the text mainly about? A. The benefits of banning pesticides. B. A new device to save bee populations. C. Potential threats bees are facing today. D. Ways to increase bees’ pollination ability. 【答案】9. A 10. D 11. C 12. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是一种新型的机器人蜂巢Beehome以及它如何帮助拯救和保护蜜蜂种群。 9. 细节理解题。根据第二段“The traditional hive most commonly used in the world today was designed by humans about 150 years ago.(当今世界上最常用的传统蜂巢是大约150年前由人类设计的。)”可知，今天最常用的传统蜂箱是人造的。故选A。 10. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Using 24/7 monitoring and smart technology that significantly increases pollination capacity (授粉能力) and honey production, Beewise’s robotic beehive, the Beehome, discovers threats to a honeybee population such as pesticides and the presence of pests and immediately defends against them. Its automatic robotic system responds to threats in real time and requires no human assistance.(Beewise的机器人蜂巢Beehome采用全天候监控和智能技术，显著提高了授粉能力和蜂蜜产量，它能发现蜜蜂种群面临的威胁，如杀虫剂和害虫的存在，并立即采取防御措施。它的自动机器人系统对威胁做出实时反应，不需要人工协助。)”可知，Beehome的优势是它使蜜蜂远离威胁。故选D。 11. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“We are using precision robotics with the world’s most creative technologies including AI and computer vision in order to save the bees(为了拯救蜜蜂，我们正在使用精密机器人和世界上最具创意的技术，包括人工智能和计算机视觉。)”和“He says that with thousands of orders placed in the U.S. in just the last few months, their new funding will allow Beewise to meet the market demand through increased production.(他说，仅仅在过去的几个月里，美国就接到了数千份订单，他们的新资金将使Beewise能够通过增加产量来满足市场需求。)”可知，Saar Safra对Beehome的态度是积极的，故选C。 12. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“By completely redesigning the beehive, a company called Beewise was able to address many of the inefficiencies of the box and significantly improve bees’ well- being and lifetime.(通过彻底重新设计蜂巢，一家名为Beewise的公司能够解决蜂巢中许多效率低下的问题，并显著改善蜜蜂的健康和寿命。)”可知，本文主要介绍的是一种新型的机器人蜂巢Beehome以及它如何帮助拯救和保护蜜蜂种群，因此本文的主旨是B选项“A new device to save bee populations.(一种拯救蜜蜂种群的新装置。)”。故选B。 五、阅读理解说明文-预测下段题3篇 （23-24高二下·浙江·阶段练习）When astronauts land on Mars, a couple of decades from now, perhaps, they’ll need to find a way to communicate-with each other, with equipment on and around the planet, and with mission control back on Earth. Despite living so far from home, they’ll no doubt want to connect with loved ones, or stream their favorite shows or music. But setting up a Wi-Fi connection to Earth’s internet won’t be a choice. Earth is simply too far away—around 55 million to 400 million kilometers, depending on where the planets are in their orbits. We will need another strategy. Establishing good communication equipment is essential for human missions to Mars. Researchers are testing ways to upgrade existing networks, along with some far-out alternatives. For example, NASA’s Psyche mission, which lifted off in October with the job of exploring an asteroid (小行星) between Mars and Jupiter, will also test the communication using lasers. Lasers could carry far more data than the radio waves that have been used from the earliest days of space travel. There is no strategy which can get rid of the time lag in communications between Earth and Mars; a message moving at the speed of light takes anywhere between 4 and 24 minutes for a one-way trip. In other words, a quick ping to mission control is out of the question, not to mention a WhatsApp call home. There’s also the issue of solar conjunction (聚合), says Parfitt, when the sun comes between Earth and Mars. This happens for a couple of weeks every two years or so, cutting off communications between the planets. The last one took place in November. But new approaches could open possibilities that make communications on Mars more like what we experience here on Earth. At least one research team has wondered: What if Mars had its own internet? 1. What discourages Mars to have a net connection to Earth? A. The Earth is too far to reach. B. The Earth is hard to identify. C. The current strategy doesn’t work well. D. Many planets are blocking the signals. 2. What writing skill is used in paragraph 3? A. Raising a question. B. Giving an example. C. Listing numbers. D. Comparing facts. 3. What do we know about the communications between Earth and Mars? A. Laser carries less data than the radio waves. B. There is no such thing as time lag. C. It takes only four minutes for a single trip. D. The process could sometimes be cut off. 4. What is going to be talked about in the following paragraph? A. The possible mission of the astronauts on Mars. B. The communication among the astronauts on Mars. C. The possibility for Mars to have its own network. D. The opinions given by experienced astronomers. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了地球和火星之间建立网络连接的可能性，指出了其中存在的挑战以及可能得解决方案。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段“But setting up a Wi-Fi connection to Earth’s internet won’t be a choice. Earth is simply too far away—around 55 million to 400 million kilometers, depending on where the planets are in their orbits. (但建立一个Wi-Fi连接到地球互联网将不是一个选择。地球实在是太远了——大约5500万到4亿公里，这取决于行星在轨道上的位置。)”可知，地球太遥远了，我们无法到达阻碍了火星与地球的网络连接。故选A。 2. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Establishing good communication equipment is essential for human missions to Mars. Researchers are testing ways to upgrade existing networks, along with some far-out alternatives. For example, NASA’s Psyche mission, which lifted off in October with the job of exploring an asteroid (小行星) between Mars and Jupiter, will also test the communication using lasers. Lasers could carry far more data than the radio waves that have been used from the earliest days of space travel. (建立良好的通信设备对人类火星任务至关重要。研究人员正在测试升级现有网络的方法，以及一些遥远的替代方案。例如，美国国家航空航天局（NASA）的普赛克（Psyche）任务于10月发射，任务是探索火星和木星之间的一颗小行星，它也将使用激光测试通信。激光可以比早期太空旅行中使用的无线电波携带更多的数据。)”可推知，第三段使用的写作技巧是举例子。故选B。 3. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“This happens for a couple of weeks every two years or so, cutting off communications between the planets. (这种情况每两年左右发生几周，切断了行星之间的通信。)”可知，地球和火星之间的通信过程有时会被切断。故选D。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“But new approaches could open possibilities that make communications on Mars more like what we experience here on Earth. At least one research team has wondered: What if Mars had its own internet? (但新的方法可能会使火星上的通信更像我们在地球上所经历的那样。至少有一个研究小组想知道：如果火星有自己的互联网会怎么样？)”可推知，下一段将讨论火星有自己网络的可能性。故选C。 （23-24高二下·山东潍坊·阶段练习）Seen any unseasonably early daffodils (水仙花) showing their faces yet? UK spring flowers are opening nearly a month earlier than before the mid-1980s, due to climate change. That is the conclusion of a study of nearly 420,000 observations of the first flowering date of 406 plants from a UK citizen science project called Nature's Calendar. It has records dating back to 1753 from gardeners and naturalists, as well as bodies such as the Royal Meteorological Society. Ulf Büntgen at the University of Cambridge and his team found that plants were opening their flowers 26 days earlier on average in the years after 1986. They picked that year as it was the midpoint in the data set — where they had about the same number of observations before and after.The analysis included records of all plants, whatever time of year they flower, but most of them (like the daffodils) bloom in spring. "It is likely that the influence of climate change will be greater for spring-flowering plants, for in spring the usual beginning of warmer temperatures that can cause flowering starts earlier," says a spokesperson for the Royal Horticultural Society. There was a bigger advance in the dates of the first blooms of smaller plants, with those less than 20 centimeters high flowering an average of 32 days earlier in the years after 1986. In any year, flower opening times are closely connected with the average temperature of the months from January to April. "If it's warmer, it's an earlier beginning. If it's cooler, it's a later one," says Büntgen. The average maximum temperature across those four months rose by 1.1℃, a conclusion from comparing the period from 1950 to 1986 with the years after 1986. “The change could hurt insects, birds and other wildlife that have evolved to synchronize (同步) with the flowering of certain plants,” says Büntgen. 5. What can we know about the study? A. It can date back to 1753. B. It was based on plentiful data. C. It only covered spring flowers. D. It was conducted by naturalists. 6. Why did researchers pick the year 1986? A. It was in the middle of the data set. B. It was a memorable year for Ulf Büntgen. C. Flowering was first recorded in 1986. D. Flowers began to bloom earlier in this year. 7. What will be discussed in the following paragraph? A. Measures to be taken to stop climate change. B. The influences of flowers' early blooming. C. Creatures' adaptation to climate change. D. The reasons for flowers' early blooming. 8. Where can we probably find the text? A. In a guidebook. B. In science fiction. C. In a geography textbook. D. In a science magazine. 【答案】5. B 6. A 7. B 8. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了由于气候变化，英国的气温升高，导致花儿提早开放。 5. 细节理解题。根据第二段“That is the conclusion of a study of nearly 420,000 observations of the first flowering date of 406 plants”（这是一项研究的结论，该研究对406种植物的首次开花日期进行了近42万次观察。）可知，这项研究是基于大量的数据。故选B项。 6. 细节理解题。根据第三段“They picked that year as it was the mid-point in the data set-where they had about the same number of observations before and after”（他们之所以选择这一年，是因为这一年是数据集中的中点，他们在这一年前后的观测次数大致相同。）可知这一年前后所做的观察数量基本相等，所以选这一年。故选A项。 7. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The change could hurt insects, birds and other wildlife”（这种变化可能会伤害昆虫、鸟类和其他野生动物。）可以推测出，接下来文章会讲春花提早开放对于昆虫、鸟类和其他野生动物的影响。故选B项。 8. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“UK spring flowers are opening nearly a month earlier than they did before the mid-1980s, due to climate change.”（由于气候变化，英国春天的花朵比上世纪80年代中期提前了近一个月开放。）以及文章主要内容可以推测出，文章最可能来自科普杂志。故选D项。 （22-23高二上·全国·期中）Summer is by far my favorite season of the year. I love the warm temperature, the longer, sunnier days and the opportunity to spend more time by the lake. But my love for the season quickly ends when I think of mosquitoes (蚊子). While their bites alone can be annoying, it’s just infuriating when I come inside with several new bright-red welts (红肿) while my friends so kindly report how they don’t have a single one. Why is that? It’s not that we’re particularly unlucky. There are actually scientific reasons why mosquitoes single out certain people. Contrary to what you might think, mosquitoes don’t bite people for food—they feed on plant nectar (花蜜). Only female mosquitoes bite, and they do so to receive proteins from your blood needed to develop their eggs. A common belief is that mosquitoes are attracted to certain blood types. While there are no firm conclusions as to which blood type is more attractive to mosquitoes, several studies have suggested that mosquitoes are not so attracted to people with blood group A. However, they find people with blood group O a little tastier. Mosquitoes are highly visual hunters when it comes to finding a human to bite. Research has shown that mosquitoes are more attracted to the color black, but there has been little additional research into why this is the case. Mosquitoes can smell out a person through the carbon dioxide given off when we breathe. Therefore, people who give off more of it—larger individuals and people who are breathing heavily when working out—are more attractive to a mosquito. In a study, mosquitoes were observed to land on participants more frequently after they had drank a small amount of beer. Probably, mosquitoes are more attracted to people who have been drinking beer. Mosquito bites are annoying. The best way to handle mosquito bites is not to get bitten in the first place. 9. What does the underlined word “infuriating” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Making somebody greatly amused. B. Making somebody extremely angry. C. Making somebody completely tired out. D. Making somebody even more determined. 10. For what purpose do female mosquitoes bite? A. To spread certain diseases. B. To enable them to fly around. C. To hunt for food for themselves. D. To provide proteins for their eggs. 11. Who is more attractive to mosquitoes? A. A short and thin man in black. B. A teenager fond of eating sweet food. C. An overweight woman with blood group A. D. A young man having just drunk lots of beer. 12. What is likely to be talked about in the following paragraphs? A. Treatment of mosquito bites. B. Ways to prevent mosquito bites. C. Why certain people get lots of mosquito bites. D. Why mosquito bites are harmful to human beings. 【答案】9. B 10. D 11. D 12. B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。人们在炎热的夏季总是会受到蚊虫的叮咬，被蚊虫叮咬过的皮肤会出现瘙痒以及红肿等不适症状，给个人带来一定的不利影响和困扰。可为什么蚊子就爱咬你？本文分析了几种原因。 9. 词义猜测题。根据第一段中“While their bites alone can be annoying (虽然它们的叮咬本身就很烦人)”和“when I come inside with several new bright-red welts (当我带着几处新的红肿进来时)”可知，主句中划线单词infuriating和从句中的annoying“烦人的，让人生气的”应该是同一个意思。A. Making somebody greatly amused让某人非常开心；B. Making somebody extremely angry让某人非常生气；C. Making somebody completely tired out让人疲惫不堪；D. Making somebody even more determined让某人更有决心。故选B。 10. 细节理解题。根据第三段内容“Contrary to what you might think, mosquitoes don’t bite people for food—they feed on plant nectar (花蜜). Only female mosquitoes bite, and they do so to receive proteins from your blood needed to develop their eggs (与你所想的相反，蚊子咬人不是为了食物——它们以植物花蜜为食。只有雌蚊子才会咬人，它们这样做是为了从你的血液中获取蛋白质，以便产卵。)”可知，只有雌性蚊子叮咬你，它们这样做是为了从你的血液中获取蛋白质，以发育它们的蚊卵。故选D。 11. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段内容“In a study, mosquitoes were observed to land on participants more frequently after they had drank a small amount of beer. Probably, mosquitoes are more attracted to people who have been drinking beer.(在一项研究中，研究人员观察到，在参与者喝了少量啤酒后，蚊子更频繁地落在他们身上。也许，蚊子更容易被喝过啤酒的人吸引。)”可知，蚊子更容易被喝过啤酒的人吸引。故选D。 12. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Mosquito bites are annoying. The best way to handle mosquito bites is not to get bitten in the first place.(蚊子叮咬很烦人。对付蚊子叮咬的最好办法就是一开始就不要被叮咬。)”可知，文章接下来会讲述如何防止蚊子叮咬。故选B。 六、阅读理解说明文-写作手法题3篇 （23-24高一下·河南洛阳·期中）Since her retirement, an old family friend has begun visually journaling her travels. She isn’t an “artist”, but that doesn’t reduce her joy in her experiences or the truth and appeal of her sketches (素描). It was inspiring and I took it as a good idea for later. When I saw the recent Van der Weel and Van der Meer study about handwriting and cognitive activation (认知激活), I thought about my friend, the passage of time, and aging and realized that it was time to hunt up all my media ( pens, pencils, watercolors, bound journals, and sketchpads) and shift some activities from keyboard to paper as an investment in brain health. Van der Weel and Van der Meer found writing by hand (rather than tapping away on your keyboard) increases brain connectivity. It may be time to consider deleting some of those list-making and journal apps from your phone and return to paper and notebooks. Healthy media use of any kind is, after all, about balance. I realized that I write very little by hand but if doing so activates the whole brain, then it may join the list of activities, like doing crossword puzzles and learning a new language, which help delay cognitive decline. Writing helps people process life’s emotional ups and downs through sense-making—the greater the cognitive effort to find meaning, the greater appreciation of the benefits and improved mood. Meaning and positive emotions are central to well-being. However, I had never considered the physical act of handwriting as a brain health aging activity. The greater brain activity from handwriting compared to typing is thought to explain why handwritten notes are linked to increased learning among students. Learning and memory are both cognitive functions. Learning describes how we gain new skills and knowledge. Memory is how we store and bring back what we learn. Aging messes with both and can prevent new learning as well as the memory of what you just learned. However, social, physical, and cognitively challenging activities have been shown to reduce the negative effects of aging on cognitive function and increase cognitive reserve (认知储备). 1. What made the author begin to notice brain health? A. The passage of time. B. The aging of him/her. C. The recent study about handwriting. D. His/Her friend’s visual travel sketch. 2. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. The benefits of writing. B. Ups and downs of life. C. The meanings of positive emotions. D. The advantages of writing over computers. 3. How is the last paragraph developed? A. By giving advice. B. By listing numbers. C. By quoting experts’ words. D. By making a comparison. 4. What may the author say to students? A. Learn by memorizing. B. Add handwriting to your list. C. Be aware of the secret of memory. D. Join in the healthy aging activities. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了手写对认知健康的益处以及它可能有助于延缓与年龄衰退相关的认知下降。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段的“When I saw the recent Van der Weel and Van der Meer study about handwriting and cognitive activation, I thought about my friend, the passage of time, and aging and realized that it was time to hunt up all my media (pens, pencils, watercolors, bound journals, and sketchpads) and shift some activities from keyboard to paper as an investment in brain health.(当我看到最近Van der Weel和Van der Meer关于书写和认知激活的研究时，我想到了我的朋友，时间的流逝和衰老，并意识到是时候把我所有的工具(钢笔、铅笔、水彩画、装订的期刊和速写本)都找出来，把一些活动从键盘转移到纸上，作为对大脑健康的投资。)”可知，最近关于书写的研究让作者开始关注大脑健康。故选C。 2. 主旨大意题。根据第三段的“Writing helps people process life’s emotional ups and downs through sense-making—the greater the cognitive effort to find meaning, the greater appreciation of the benefits and improved mood. Meaning and positive emotions are central to well-being.(书写帮助人们通过意义建构来处理生活中情绪的起伏——寻找意义的认知努力越大，就越能体会到书写的好处，心情也就越好。意义和积极情绪是幸福的核心。) ”可知，第三段主要讲的是书写给人带来的好处。故选A。 3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“However, I had never considered the physical act of handwriting as a brain health aging activity. The greater brain activity from handwriting compared to typing is thought to explain why handwritten notes are linked to increased learning among students. (然而，我从来没有认为手写这种身体行为是一种大脑健康老化活动。与打字相比，手写的大脑活动更活跃，这被认为可以解释为什么手写笔记与学生学习成绩的提高有关。)”可知，最后一段是通过比较手写和打字两种活动来说明手写的好处。故选D。 4. 推理判断题。根据第二段的“Van der Weel and Van der Meer found writing by hand (rather than tapping away on your keyboard) increases brain connectivity. It may be time to consider deleting some of those list-making and journal apps from your phone and return to paper and notebooks. Healthy media use of any kind is, after all, about balance. I realized that I write very little by hand but if doing so activates the whole brain, then it may join the list of activities, like doing crossword puzzles and learning a new language, which help delay cognitive decline.(Van der Weel和Van der Meer发现用手写字(而不是敲击键盘)可以增强大脑的连通性。也许是时候考虑删除手机上的一些清单和日志应用程序，回到纸和笔记本上了。毕竟，任何形式的健康媒体使用都是关于平衡的。我意识到我很少用手写字，但如果这样做能激活整个大脑，那么它可能会加入到一些有助于延缓认知衰退的活动列表中，比如做填字游戏和学习一门新语言。)”可知，作者建议将手写添加到日常列表中。故选B。 （2024·广东佛山·二模）In the age of the selfie, taking photos of yourself has become a daily activity. Half of all teenagers regularly post selfies. But what happens when the desire for the best selfie starts damaging nature—or even ourselves? Social media tourism is dramatically changing who visits natural places like Figure Eight Pools in Sydney’s Royal National Park. Many people are now drawn to these places for the best selfie background. These new tourists, motivated to seek out photos and selfies, sometimes ignore warning signs or bans on drones (无人机). Thus, many people have been severely injured or killed by taking risky selfies and photos in dangerous locations. Additionally, drone use can cause environmental harm if drones catch fire or batteries leak. The search for the perfect selfie can also harm animals, protected plants and even First Nations rock art. In some cases, selfies have become a long-term threat to ecosystems. But for land managers, perhaps the biggest challenge is satisfying increased interest while keeping people safe. They are working to assist this new demand by reshaping nature to make better scenery—and keep visitors safer. At Moran Falls in Queensland’s Lamington National Park, a famous view had been blocked by plants, driving some visitors to jump the fence at the viewing platform and stand directly on top of a very tall cliff (悬崖). As a solution, land managers have the trees trimmed (修剪) and then use the fallen branches to hide the track made by selfie-seekers. These land managers are wondering why traditional measures like signs and warnings often prove ineffective? The answer may lie in social recognition For many, the risk seems worth the reward if it means gaining admiration on social media. Nature-based content on popular social media platforms like TikTok often performs very well, giving other would-be influencers the motive to seek out new locations. This problem has been created by the combination of social media and human psychology. To solve it, we might look at how these two factors interact. Responsible selfie and tourism campaigns on popular social media platforms could be a start. 5. Why are many people attracted to visit places like Figure Eight Pools? A. To appreciate the natural beauty. B. To seek adventure and excitement. C. To search for the ideal selfie setting. D. To test the use of drones for photography. 6. How is Paragraph 4 developed? A. By listing figures. B. By giving examples. C. By analyzing causes. D. By making comparisons. 7. What leads to the failure of traditional measures? A. Risks are often ignored by people B. Rules are rarely followed by people. C. Exploring new attractions is preferred. D. Social media attention is valued more. 8. What solution is suggested in the last paragraph? A. Launching tourism campaigns B. Promoting proper behaviors online C. Banning selfies in natural landscape. D. Restricting access to social media platforms. 【答案】5. C 6. B 7. D 8. B 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了许多人被吸引到各大景点寻找理想的自拍环境，这对环境造成破坏，文章分析其中的原因并提出了解决方案。 5. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Social media tourism is dramatically changing who visits natural places like Figure Eight Pools in Sydney’s Royal National Park. Many people are now drawn to these places for the best selfie background.(社交媒体旅游正在极大地改变着人们参观悉尼皇家国家公园“八字形泳池”等自然景点的方式。现在很多人都被吸引到这些地方寻找最好的自拍背景。)”可知，许多人被吸引到像“八字池”这样的地方是为了寻找理想的自拍环境。故选C。 6. 推理判断题。根据第四段“But for land managers, perhaps the biggest challenge is satisfying increased interest while keeping people safe. They are working to assist this new demand by reshaping nature to make better scenery—and keep visitors safer. At Moran Falls in Queensland’s Lamington National Park, a famous view had been blocked by plants, driving some visitors to jump the fence at the viewing platform and stand directly on top of a very tall cliff (悬崖). As a solution, land managers have the trees trimmed (修剪) and then use the fallen branches to hide the track made by selfie-seekers.(但对于土地管理者来说，最大的挑战可能是在保证人们安全的同时满足人们日益增长的兴趣。他们正在努力通过重塑自然，创造更好的风景来满足这一新的需求，同时保证游客的安全。在昆士兰州拉明顿国家公园的莫兰瀑布，一个著名的景观被植物挡住了，迫使一些游客跳过观景台的栅栏，直接站在一个非常高的悬崖上。为了解决这个问题，土地管理者让人修剪树木，然后用掉落的树枝掩盖自拍者留下的痕迹。)”可知，第四段通过举例展开。故选B。 7. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The answer may lie in social recognition For many, the risk seems worth the reward if it means gaining admiration on social media.(对许多人来说，如果能在社交媒体上赢得赞赏，那么冒险似乎是值得的。)”可知，社交媒体的关注更有价值，这导致了传统措施的失败。故选D。 8. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“This problem has been created by the combination of social media and human psychology. To solve it, we might look at how these two factors interact. Responsible selfie and tourism campaigns on popular social media platforms could be a start.(这个问题是由社交媒体和人类心理的结合造成的。为了解决这个问题，我们可以看看这两个因素是如何相互作用的。在流行的社交媒体平台上开展负责任的自拍和旅游活动可能是一个开始。)”可知，最后一段提出的解决方案是提倡正确的网络行为。故选B。 （24-25高二上·全国·单元测试）Science fiction writers create an imaginary world. The way things work in your imaginary world will be based on actual science. So it’s important for you to be familiar with the scientific principles and inventions that are related to your creation. For example, if you’re writing about humans living on a planet with zero gravity, then you need to know the effects of zero gravity on the human body. Then you have to figure out the exact rules of your imaginary world. And you have to follow them. If humans have evolved to breathe underwater in Chapter 1, your character can’t drown in a swimming pool in Chapter 3. If your robots write poetry but not fiction, then you can’t throw a novelist robot into Chapter 8. The issue here is maintaining your readers’ trust. That means the reader is willing to pretend along with you. If you start out with an ordinary detective novel and then throw in someone breathing underwater in the 6th chapter, your readers’ reaction might be, “What the hell!” The imaginative spell is broken. You’ve pulled the readers out of their imagination. The same thing happens if you change the rules halfway. Part of your preparation work for the novel is to map out its world for yourself in great detail. Decide: the history of the world, the geography, what possibilities it offers, how everything works in the new reality, and how all of these factors affect the way your characters think, feel, and react to things. You don’t have to tell your readers all the rules in the first chapter. But you have to let your readers know enough to understand what’s going on. This also allows you to work out logical problems and contradictions before you start writing. When you are writing, remember to make it feel real. You are inviting readers to visit a new world. They will want to be able to see, hear, feel, smell, and even taste what it’s like. Whether your novel is about a world without disease or an undiscovered planet, help your readers feel like they’re actually there. 9. What’s the relationship between actual science and science fiction? A. Science fiction promotes the development of actual science. B. Science fiction often reflects the development of actual science. C. Actual science provides basic principles for science fiction. D. Actual science limits the imagination described in science fiction. 10. How is the second paragraph mainly developed? A. By making comparisons. B. By analysing causes. C. By following the time order. D. By giving examples. 11. What can we know from the passage? A. Readers of science fiction actually pretend the writers’ rules are true. B. It is necessary to do some scientific experiments before writing science fiction. C. It is more difficult to write science fiction than ordinary detective novels. D. It is great to leave some contradictions in your science fiction. 12. What is the passage mainly about? A. How to do scientific research. B. How to write science fiction. C. What to expect from science fiction. D. How to raise interest in science. 【答案】9. C 10. D 11. A 12. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何写科幻小说。 9. 细节理解题。根据第一段“The way things work in your imaginary world will be based on actual science.(在你想象的世界里，事物的运作方式将以实际的科学为基础)”可知，实际科学为科幻小说提供基本原理。故选C。 10. 推理判断题。根据第二段“Then you have to figure out the exact rules of your imaginary world. And you have to follow them. If humans have evolved to breathe underwater in Chapter 1, your character can’t drown in a swimming pool in Chapter 3. If your robots write poetry but not fiction, then you can’t throw a novelist robot into Chapter 8. The issue here is maintaining your readers’ trust. That means the reader is willing to pretend along with you. If you start out with an ordinary detective novel and then throw in someone breathing underwater in the 6th chapter, your readers’ reaction might be, “What the hell!” The imaginative spell is broken. You’ve pulled the readers out of their imagination. The same thing happens if you change the rules halfway.(然后你必须弄清楚你想象世界的确切规则。你必须遵循它们。如果人类在第一章中进化到可以在水下呼吸，那么你的角色就不会在第三章中淹死在游泳池里。如果你的机器人写诗而不写小说，那么你就不能把一个小说家机器人扔进第八章。这里的问题是如何保持读者的信任。这意味着读者愿意假装和你在一起。如果你从一本普通的侦探小说开始，然后在第六章加入一个在水下呼吸的人，你的读者的反应可能是，“什么鬼!”想象力的魔咒被打破了。你把读者从他们的想象中拉了出来。如果你中途改变规则，也会发生同样的事情)”可知，作者在叙述时使用句型指出如果在第一章里人能在水下呼吸，第三章就不能说角色被淹死在游泳池中等可知，作者是通过举例子来写这段的。故选D。 11. 推理判断题。根据第二段“That means the reader is willing to pretend along with you.(这意味着读者愿意假装和你在一起)”可知，科幻小说的读者实际上愿意假装作者的规则是真实的。故选A。 12. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Science fiction writers create an imaginary world. The way things work in your imaginary world will be based on actual science. So it’s important for you to be familiar with the scientific principles and inventions that are related to your creation. For example, if you’re writing about humans living on a planet with zero gravity, then you need to know the effects of zero gravity on the human body.(科幻作家创造了一个虚构的世界。在你想象的世界里，事物的运作方式将以实际的科学为基础。所以熟悉与你的创作相关的科学原理和发明是很重要的。例如，如果你要写人类生活在一个零重力的星球上，那么你需要知道零重力对人体的影响)”结合文章主要介绍了如何写科幻小说。故选B。 七、阅读理解说明文-段落大意题3篇 （24-25高二上·全国·单元测试）Close to the North Pole, the remote and rocky plateau mountain in the Norwegian archipelago of Svalbard seems an unlikely spot for any global effort to safeguard agriculture. In this cold and deserted environment, there are no grains, no gardens and no trees. But at the end of a 130⁃meter⁃long tunnel is a room filled with humanity’s most precious treasure, the largest and most diverse seed collection — more than a half⁃billion seeds. A quiet rescue mission is underway. With growing evidence that unchecked climate change will seriously affect food production and threaten the diversity of crops around the world, the Svalbard Global Seed Vault represents a major step towards ensuring the preservation of hundreds of thousands of crop varieties. This is a seed collection, but more importantly, it is a collection of the traits (特点) found within the seeds: the genes that give one variety resistance to a particular pest and another variety tolerance for hot, dry weather. Few people will ever see or come into contact with the contents of this vault. In sealed (密封的) boxes, behind many locked doors, monitored by electronic security systems, enveloped in below⁃zero temperatures, and surrounded by tons of rocks, hundreds of millions of seeds are protected in their mountain fortress (堡垒). Frozen in such conditions inside the mountain, seeds of most major crops will remain viable for hundreds of years, or longer. Seeds of some are capable of keeping their ability to grow for thousands of years. Everyone can look back now and say that the Seed Vault has been a good and obvious idea, and that of course the Norwegian government should have approved and funded it. But back in 2004, when the Seed Vault was first proposed, it was viewed as a crazy, impractical, and expensive idea. We knew that nothing would provide a definite guarantee. But we were tired and frankly scared of the steady, greater losses of crop diversity. The Seed Vault was built by optimists who wanted to do something to preserve options so that humanity and the crops might be better prepared for change. The Seed Vault is about hope and commitment — about what can be done if countries come together and work cooperatively to accomplish something significant, long⁃lasting, and worthy of who we are and wish to be. 1. According to the passage, what’s the Seed Vault? A. It’s a tunnel where the collected seeds are displayed. B. It’s a stone room that contains the seeds of endangered crops. C. It’s a seed gene bank that stores diverse seeds for future agriculture. D. It’s a lab where researchers study how to keep the diversity of crops. 2. What does the underlined word “viable” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A. Mature. B. Clean. C. Alive. D. Valuable. 3. What is the third paragraph mainly about? A. How the seeds are preserved. B. Where people keep the seeds. C. Why the seeds are protected. D. What people do to study the seeds. 4. We can know from the passage that　　　. A. the Seed Vault offers a solution to climate change B. the Seed Vault was built by many countries C. the Seed Vault is sure to prevent the loss of crop diversity D. many people considered building the Seed Vault unwise and crazy at first 【答案】1. C 2. C 3. A 4. D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了种子基因库——为未来的农业储存多种种子的地方。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“the Svalbard Global Seed Vault represents a major step towards ensuring the preservation of hundreds of thousands of crop varieties(斯瓦尔巴全球种子库是确保保存数十万个作物品种的重要一步)”以及第三段中的“Frozen in such conditions inside the mountain, seeds of most major crops will remain viable for hundreds of years, or longer.(在山中这样的条件下，大多数主要农作物的种子都能保持几百年甚至更长的生命力)”可知，the Seed Vault是一个种子基因库，可以为未来的农业储存各种各样的种子。故选C项。 2. 词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“Seeds of some are capable of keeping their ability to grow for thousands of years.”可知，有些种子能够保持它们的生长发育能力长达数千年。由此推知，上文的意思是“冷冻在这样的条件下，大多数主要农作物的种子都能在山中存活数百年或更久”。A. mature成熟的；B. clean干净的；C. alive活着的；D.valuable有价值的。由此可知，划线词viable与alive意思接近。故选C项。 3. 主旨大意题。根据第三段中“In sealed (密封的) boxes, behind many locked doors, monitored by electronic security systems, enveloped in below⁃zero temperatures, and surrounded by tons of rocks, hundreds of millions of seeds are protected in their mountain fortress (堡垒).(数以亿计的种子被装在密封的箱子里，在重重紧锁的门后，在电子安全系统的监控下，在零度以下的低温中，在数吨岩石的包围下，被保护在它们的山中堡垒中)”可知，这一段主要讲了种子是如何被保存的。故选A项。 4. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“But back in 2004, when the Seed Vault was first proposed, it was viewed as a crazy,impractical, and expensive idea.(但早在 2004 年，当种子库首次被提出时，它就被认为是一个疯狂、不切实际和昂贵的想法)”可推知，最初，许多人认为修建种子库是不明智且疯狂的。故选D项。 （23-24高二下·福建漳州·阶段练习）There is nothing like a coast redwood. It is the planet’s tallest tree, soaring to heights of more than 320 feet into the sky. They have trunks that are more than 27 feet wide and can live for over 2,000 years. Some of the gentle giants living today were alive during the time of the Roman Empire. Before the mid-19th century, coast redwoods spread throughout a range of some 2 million acres along the California coast. People had been peacefully co-existing with the forests forever. But with the gold rush came the logging (伐木作业); and today only 5 percent of the original old-growth coast redwood forest remains along a 450-mile strip of coast. And as the planet warms up, the specific conditions required by the redwoods change; their future doesn’t look so great. Animals can migrate north to escape the south’s warming temperatures; trees, not so much. But with David Milarch on the case, maybe they can. In 1991, Milarch literally died from a life-threatening illness, before being revived and springing back to life. There’s nothing like a near-death experience to inspire a new course in life, as was the case with Milarch. His new quest? To harvest the genes of the coast redwoods and give them an assist in migration. “I feel sorrow that 95 percent of them were killed and we didn’t even know what they do to strengthen our ability as human beings to live on this planet,” says Milarch. “We killed them. That’s the bad news. To put back every single tree that was cut down and killed. And I’m going to do it. ” By cloning and replanting them in places where they once thrived (繁荣) but were lost, he is not only increasing their numbers but planting them in locations where they have a better chance of longevity. And the result is two-fold: Save the trees and save the planet for humankind. Redwood trees are among the most effective carbon sequestration (碳封存) tools in the world. 5. What is the first paragraph mainly about? A. A brief introduction of redwoods. B. The information about our planet. C. The history of the Roman Empire. D. The special height of the redwood. 6. What destroyed the redwoods along the California coast? A. The warming climate. B. The overcutting. C. The ocean disaster. D. The worsening soil condition. 7. What inspired Milarch to revive the redwood? A. His love for plants. B. His concern on global warming. C. His surviving experience. D. His study on the genetics of the redwood. 8. What did Milarch focus on when cloning the redwood? A. The animals which live nearby. B. The effective tool used to plant trees. C. The places where the trees grow. D. The amounts of water trees need. 【答案】5. A 6. B 7. C 8. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍红杉树遭遇砍伐，由原来的200万英亩只剩下5%，后来Milarch克隆红杉树并且重新种植，不仅拯救了树木也拯救了地球。 5. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“There is nothing like a coast redwood. It is the planet’s tallest tree, soaring to heights of more than 320 feet into the sky. They have trunks that are more than 27 feet wide and can live for over 2,000 years. Some of the gentle giants living today were alive during the time of the Roman Empire. (没有什么比得上海岸红杉。它是地球上最高的树，高达320多英尺。它们的树干超过27英尺宽，寿命超过2000年。今天活着的一些温和的巨型植物在罗马帝国时代就活着。)”可知，第一段主要介绍红杉树的基本特征等，故选A。 6. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Before the mid-19th century, coast redwoods spread throughout a range of some 2 million acres along the California coast. People had been peacefully co-existing with the forests forever. But with the gold rush came the logging (伐木作业); and today only 5 percent of the original old-growth coast redwood forest remains along a 450-mile strip of coast. (在19世纪中期之前，海岸红杉遍布加利福尼亚海岸约200万英亩的范围。人类一直与森林和平共处。但随着淘金热而来的是伐木；如今，沿着450英里长的海岸线，只有5%的原始海岸红杉林还保留着。)”可知，是乱砍滥伐摧毁了加利福尼亚海岸的红杉，故选B。 7. 细节理解题。根据第三段“In 1991, Milarch literally died from a life-threatening illness, before being revived and springing back to life. (1991年，Milarch死于一种危及生命的疾病，后来又复活了。没有什么比濒死体验更能激发人生的新方向了，就像Milarch一样。他的新任务?收集海岸红杉的基因，帮助它们迁徙。)”可知，是Milarch幸存下来的体验激发了Milarch复兴红杉，故选C。 8. 推理判断题。根据最后一段““I feel sorrow that 95 percent of them were killed and we didn’t even know what they do to strengthen our ability as human beings to live on this planet,” says Milarch. “We killed them. That’s the bad news. To put back every single tree that was cut down and killed. And I’m going to do it. ” (“我感到悲伤的是，95%的树被杀死了，我们甚至不知道他们做了什么来增强我们作为人类在这个星球上生存的能力，” Milarch说。“我们杀了他们。这是坏消息。把每一棵被砍死的树都放回原处。我要这么做。”)”可知，Milarch要把被砍死的树都放回原处，所以应该是关注树木生长的地方，故选C。 （23-24高二下·辽宁大连·阶段练习）All the hard work that you’ve spent making strong passwords, combining pet names with numbers, symbols and birthdates could all soon be for nothing as a new artificial intelligence (AI) model achieves a 95% accuracy of understanding keystrokes (按键). At least that’s the extreme view of a team of British researchers. Using a deep learning model, they were able to steal data from a laptop’s keyboard using a microphone to understand what is being typed. This, in theory, would allow hackers who were able to gain access to your laptop to obtain what is being typed including messages and passwords. The first step for this attack to work is by recording the keystrokes on someone’s keyboard. This is needed to train the algorithm (计算程序). While this could be done from the laptop’s microphone, it could equally be achieved by placing a smartphone near the computer. By pressing 36 keys on a modern MacBook Pro 25 times each and recording the sounds produced, the researchers gained a full set of training data. This information is turned into waveforms to show identifiable differences between each key. With this information in hand, they could then build a machine-learning model to understand which of these waveforms lines up with which key. “If you get enough data, a model can be built pretty easily,” Oli Buckley, a professor of Internet security. “If it works on one keyboard, it will likely work on the next. The MacBook has a nice, quiet keyboard, so the idea is that if it works on something quiet, it will have a wide-reaching ability on louder keyboards”. While this all sounds pretty scary, not to mention a new form of hacking (侵入) to look out for, it isn’t quite as worrying as it sounds. “A good sample of data is needed for it to work, so this changes if you’re using a Dell, a MacBook or an external keyboard. Also, factors change. Some people type louder and harder, or my keyboards full of cat hair so that impacts things slightly”, says Buckley. 9. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. Why protective steps are needed. B. Why a set of training data is vital. C. How you document secret information. D. How hackers gain data from targeted computers. 10. What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 4 refer to? A. The keyboard. B. The model. C. The data. D. The computer. 11. What’s the author’s attitude toward British researchers’ view? A. Concerned. B. Agreeable. C. Negative. D. Objective. 12. What do Buckley’s words imply in the last paragraph? A. AI understands exactly what you’re typing. B. Purchasing expensive computer is necessary. C. Cats play an important role in privacy protection. D. Building an accurate dataset through keystrokes is not easy. 【答案】9. D 10. B 11. C 12. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，研究表明，人工智能能够通过按键窃取你的密码。 9. 主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“The first step for this attack to work is by recording the keystrokes on someone’s keyboard. This is needed to train the algorithm. While this could be done from the laptop’s microphone, it could equally be achieved by placing a smartphone near the computer. By pressing 36 keys on a modern MacBook Pro 25 times each and recording the sounds produced, the researchers gained a full set of training data. This information is turned into waveforms to show identifiable differences between each key. With this information in hand, they could then build a machine-learning model to understand which of these waveforms lines up with which key.(这种攻击的第一步是记录某人键盘上的按键。这是训练计算程序所需要的。虽然这可以通过笔记本电脑的麦克风来实现，但同样可以通过在电脑附近放置智能手机来实现。研究人员通过在MacBook Pro上按36个键，每个键按25次，并记录下产生的声音，获得了一整套训练数据。这些信息被转换成波形，以显示每个键之间可识别的差异。有了这些信息，他们就可以建立一个机器学习模型，以了解哪些波形与哪个键对齐)”可知，第三段主要介绍了黑客如何从目标电脑中获取数据。故选D。 10. 词句猜测题。根据文章第四段中划线词上一句“If you get enough data, a model can be built pretty easily(如果你得到了足够的数据，就可以很容易地建立模型)”及划线词所在句子“If it works on one keyboard, itwill likely work on the next.(如果它在一个键盘上奏效，那么它很可能在下一个键盘上也奏效)可推测，划线单词it指的是上文提到的模型。故选B。 11. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“At least that’s the extreme view of a team of British researchers.(至少这是一组英国研究人员的极端观点)”及第五段“While this all sounds pretty scary, not to mention a new form of hacking to look out for, it isn’t quite as worrying as it sounds.(虽然这一切听起来相当可怕，更不用说这是一种需要警惕的新入侵形式，但其实并没有听上去那么令人担忧)”可推知，作者认为英国研究人员的观点是极端的，且并没有听上去那么令人担忧，故作者对于英国研究人员的观点是消极的。故选C。 12. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““A good sample of data is needed for it to work, so this changes if you’re using a Dell, a MacBook or an external keyboard. Also, factors change. Some people type louder and harder, or my keyboards full of cat hair so that impacts things slightly”, says Buckley.(巴克利表示：“为了让这种方法奏效，需要一份良好的数据样本，所以如果你使用的是戴尔、MacBook还是外接键盘，情况就会有所不同。而且，各种因素也会变化。有些人打字声音更大、力度更重，或者我的键盘上全是猫毛，这些因素都会对结果产生一点影响”)可知，Buckley 认为通过按键声来建立准确的数据集并不是一件容易的事情，需要克服很多挑战和不确定性。故选D。 八、阅读理解说明文-文章大意题3篇 （24-25高二上·全国·单元测试）If you could change your children’s DNA in the future to protect them against diseases, would you? It could be possible because of technology known as CRISPR/Cas, or just CRISPR. CRISPR involves a piece of RNA, a chemical messenger, designed to work on one part of DNA; it also uses an enzyme that can take unwanted genes out and put new ones in, according to TheEconomist. There are other ways of editing DNA, but CRISPR will do it very simply, quickly, and exactly. The use of CRISPR could mean that cures are developed for everything from Alzheimer’s disease to cancer to AIDS. By allowing doctors to put just the right cancer⁃killing genes into a patient’s immune system, the technology could help greatly. In April scientists in China said they had tried using CRISPR to edit the genomes (基因组) of human embryos. Th$$