专题05 重要语法综合复习-【暑假自学课】2024年高二英语暑假提升精品讲义（译林版2020）

专题05重要语法综合复习 目录 考点聚焦：核心考点+高考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺 难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升 学以致用：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破 核心考点聚焦 1、状语从句复习（时间、条件、目的、结果、原因、让步、地点状语从句） 2、定语从句复习（限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句） 3、名词性从句复习（主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、宾语从句） 一、状语从句复习（时间、条件、目的、结果、原因、让步、地点状语从句） 知识点1：时间状语从句中连词的用法和区分 1.when/ while/ as when 1) when既可引导一个持续动作，也可引导一个短暂动作，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。 如：When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays. When the film ended, the people went back. 2) when的固定句式，其意义是“那时、这时”，相当于at this/that time.常用于下列句式： be doing …when… 当…的时候某人正在做某事 be about to /be on the point of/ be going to do sth / be on one’s way to do… when当…的时候某人正要做某事 如：He was about to leave when it began to rain. I was having breakfast when the telephone rang. while 1）while引导的从句的谓语动词动作必须是持续的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比，同时while引导的从句常用进行时。 如：Please do not talk so loud while others are working. While I was wondering at this, our schoolmaster took his place. 2) while作为并列连词使用，意为“而，却”，表示对比。 如：He likes pop music, while I am fond of folk music. 3)while 引导让步状语从句“尽管，虽然”= as = though. 如：While the news, so far, has been good, there may be days ahead when it is bad. as 1) as意为：一边…一边…, 引导一个持续性动作，多用于主句和从句动作同时发生。 如：He hurried home, looking behind as he went. John sings as he works. 2）还可以表示“随着” 【注意】as作“随着”这个含义时要注意和with的区分：as+句子, with则是跟复合结构。 如：As time passed, things seemed to get worse. With the development of China, Chinese is becoming more and more important. 2. 名词和副词引导的时间状语从句 immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, no sooner…than…, hardly/scarcely…when…意思均为“一…就……” 如：No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left. The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother. 【注意】 1) 注意no sooner … than…，hardly/ scarcely… when 的固定搭配，在状语从句做题过程中可直接找到 前后的提示简化做题步骤。 2)注意no sooner … than…，hardly/ scarcely… when的时态考点： a.主句为had done, 从句用did。 b.当否定词置于句首时产生部分倒装现象，再结合时态公式如下： No sooner had sb done … than sb did Hardly/Scarcely had sb done … when sb did (注意主倒从不倒) 如：I had hardly got home when it began to rain. Hardly had I got home when it began to rain 3. not…until not… until的强调和倒装： It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it. (强调句型) Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.(not until置于句首主句要倒装） 4. before 1） before引导的时间状语从句，从句谓语不用否定式。 如：Before they reached the station, the train had gone.他们到火车站前，火车已开走了。 2）固定句型和短语： It will（not） be +一段时间+before ….,“(没)多久之后才……”。 如：It will be half a year before I come back.一年以后我才回家。 It was (not)…before…过不了多长时间某动作就发生了 如：It was not long before they arrived. 5. since 1)自从…以来（现在完成时态的标志，初中考点） a.主句（have/ has done） since + 时间点/ 句子（did型） 如：I have written home four times since I came here.自从我到这里来，我往家写了四封信。 b.固定句型 It is +时段+since+从句（从句谓语为瞬间——则按字面翻译） （从句谓语为延续——则表示未做此事多久） 如：It is two years since we arrived here. 我们到这儿两年了。 It is two years since he lived here. 他不在这儿住两年了。 【注意】区分以下几个句型： A. It will（not）/ was（not）+ 时段+ before ….“(没)多久之后才……”，“过（不）了多长时间某动作发生了” B. It is +时段+since+从句（谓语为瞬间—— 则按字面翻译） （谓语为延续——则表示未做此事多久） C. It is/ was + 被强调+ that… (强调句) D. It / this is + 次数+ that + 句子（ have/ has done） (该句型考时态) was (had done) 2)既然：引导原因状语从句 如：Since we were in the area, we should see them. 知识点2：条件状语从句中连词的特殊用法以及区分 1.if only的虚拟 if only + 主语+ 过去式（与现在相反）：要是……该有多好啊 + had done（与过去相反） 如： ---Could I use your pen? ---I’m sorry, it isn’t here. I’d get it for you if only I could remember who last borrowed it. 【注意】if only和only if的区分 1. only if中only是中心词，它表示“只有……(才)；只有在……的时候，唯一的条件是……”的意思。 如：I told him he would succeed only if he tried hard. 2. if only中心词是if, 因此，它同if一样，也能引出条件状语从句。 如：If only they were here now, we would be able to celebrate their wedding anniversary. 3. if only常常用来表达强烈的愿望或遗憾，主要用在虚拟语气中，用以表达强烈的愿望或非真实条件。常被译为“但愿”、“要是……该多好啊”等。 如：If only she could have lived a little longer. 要是她能活得再长一些，那该多好啊！ 2. if的固定省略短语：if necessary(如果有必要)，if any (如果有) 如：Find a neighbor or someone else to help, if possible. 3. if 的虚拟 从句 主句 与现在相反 if+主+did/were 主+should/could/would/might+do 与将来相反 if+主+did/were to do/ should do 主+ should/could/would/might+do 与过去相反 if+主+had done 主+should/could/would/might+have done if虚拟的省略 在非真实条件句中且从句含有were, had, should时可省略if，且要将were, had, should 提于句首。 如： If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 知识点3：原因状语从句中连词的特殊用法以及区分 一些介词短语同样可以表示原因，这样的短语有：because of, thanks to, due to, owing to等。 如：Due to your carelessness, it doesn’t work now. 知识点4：结果状语从句中连词的特殊用法以及区分 1.so和such 1)so的搭配 so +形容词/副词+ that从句 so +形容词+ a/an+可数名词单数形式+that从句 so + many/much/few/little +名词+ that从句 如：The book is so written that it gives a quite wrong idea of the facts. such的搭配 such + a/an +形容词+可数名词的单数形式+that从句 such +形容词+复数名词形式/不可数名词+that从句 such + a lot of /lots of +名词+that从句 如Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him.= Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him. 2）当so或such放在句首时，主句用倒装语序。 如：So badly was he injured that he had to go to the hospital. 他伤得这么重，不得不去医院。 So terrible was the storm that whole roofs were ripped off. 暴风雨很凶猛，整个屋顶都被刮掉了。 Such fine weather is it that we decide to go for an outing. 天气这么好，我们决定去郊游。 3）区分 so… that 与so…as ; such …that 与such… as so/ such … as (定语从句)，as在从句中做句子成分 so/such …that（结果状语从句）that不做成分 知识点5：目的状语从句中连词的特殊用法以及区分 for fear that/ in case/lest + sb (should)+do(虚拟语气) 如：The boy hid himself behind the tree in case/for fear that his father should see him. 知识点6：地点状语从句和定语从句的区分 以where做引导词的定语从句前面有先行词，但是地点状语从句修饰主句的谓语动词，前面没有表示地点的先行词。 如：The bookshop where I bought the book is not far from here.(定语从句) Make a mark where you have any doubts or questions.(地点状语从句) 知识点7：让步状语从句连词的具体用法及区分 1. although/ though/ while/as 虽然；尽管 though: adv 放在句末，意为“不过，但是” ，although无此用法。while引导的让步状语从句不能倒装，而as必须倒装，though 可倒可不倒。（高考常考as的倒装） 2. as 句型 1)表语(形容词/名词)＋ as/though ＋ 主语＋ 系动词，主句。 Old as my father is, he keeps up with his English study. 【注意】名词前不加任何冠词。 Child as he is, he knows something of electricity. Rich man as he is, he works hard. 2)副词＋ as/though＋主语＋谓语动词，主句。 Hard as he worked, he failed. Much as I have traveled, I've never seen a man as capable as Tom. 3)动词原形 ＋as/though ＋ 主语＋ might/may, 主句。 Try as he might, Tom could not get out of the difficulty. 知识点8：方式状语从句中连词的特殊用法以及区分 1. as if/ as though as if/though ＋ 从句(从句的虚拟语气与wish 后的宾语从句虚拟语气类似)，意为“仿佛，好像”。 as if/ as though 的虚拟 + 过去式/were（针对现在，与谓语同时） + had done （针对过去，先于谓语） + would do （针对将来，后于谓语） as if/ as though的省略 如果as if /though引导的从句是“主语＋系动词”结构，可省略主语和系动词，这样as if 后就可剩下不定式、名词、形容词（短语）、介词短语或分词 She speaks English as though she were a native of New York. =She speaks English as though a native of New York. 2. as 正如 as it is/was：句末：按原来的样子，照现在的样子 如：Leave it as it is. 二、定语从句复习（限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句） 在一个主从复合句中修饰某一个名词、代词或修饰整个主句的从句叫定语从句。 换句话说，定语从句就是用来作定语的句子。 e.g.I like the book that you borrowed yesterday. Do you remember the place which we talked about? This is the person who I am going to introduce to you. 1 2、先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 先行词与关系词是等量关系。必须注意两点： ① 先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。 This is the place which is worth visiting. ② 关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。 There are many places that we can visit（them）in China. 3、关系词：连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词，根据其在从句中作用分为关系代词或关系副词。 关系词的作用：1.连接先行词与定语从句；2.代替先行词；3.在定语从句中充当成分。 关系代词：若先行词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等主要成分时，用关系代词引导定语从句。 关系副词：若先行词在从句中作状语（时间状语、地点状语和原因状语等），用关系副词引导定语从句。 关系代词：who, whom, that, which, as, whose 关系副词：when, where, why 关系词 先行词 充当成分 关系代词 who 人 主、宾、表 whom 人 宾 that 人&物 主、宾、表 which 物 主、宾、表 as（非限制性定语从句） 物&整个句子 主、宾 whose = of whom /of which 人&物 定语 关系副词 when = 适当介词+ which 时间 状 where = 适当介词+which 地点 状 why = for which 原因 状 4、定语从句的位置：一般紧跟在先行词后面。但有时因句子结构的需要，定语从句和先行词被某些成分隔开。 e.g. I remember that day, when she told me she would go away. 知识点2：关系代词的用法 1. 关系代词who、which和that的用法： ①that、who用来指人，在从句中用作主语或宾语，可互换使用； ②which, that可以指物，在从句中用作主语或宾语时可以互换使用； ③关系代词who、which和that在从句中作宾语时，常可省略。 2.关系代词whom，whose的用法 ①whom，whose指人，whom是who的宾格，whose是所有格，分别在从句中作宾语和定语。 ②whom在非正式文体中可省略，也可用that或who代替。 ③whose是who和which的所有格，可指人，也可指物或动物。 ④当whose用来指物时，whose= the+名词十of which// of which+the+名词 ⑤当whose用来指人时，whose= the+名词+of whom/ of whom+the+名词 3.that,which,who引导限制性定语从句时的用法区别 ①当先行词是指物的不定代词如all,much,little,everything,nothing,some,any,anything等时，只能用that引导从句，而且在从句中作宾语时常常可省略。 ②当先行词是序数词或受序数词修饰时，只能用that引导从句。 ③当先行词是最高级或受最高级修饰时，只能用that引导从句。 ④当先行词受the very,the only,the right,just the,exactly the,no,none,every之类的词修饰时，只能用that而不用which,who,whom引导从句。 ⑤当先行词是既指人又指物的并列名词短语时，只能用that，而不用which引导从句。 ⑥当关系代词在从句中作前置介词的宾语时，用指物的which或指人的whom，而不能用that或who。 ⑦当先行词是指人的不定代词如everyone,everybody,anyone等时，用who，而不用that引导从句。 知识点3：介词+关系代词 1.介词的确定方法  ①根据先行词来确定； ②根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词确定； ③根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定。 2.介词的位置   ①一般情况下，介词放在关系代词which和whom之前，也可放在动词后 【注意】注意：that不能放在介词后作宾语。 ②固定搭配的动词短语中的介词一般不能提前.常见的这类动词短语有:   Look for/after/forward to、care for、 take care of、hear of/about/from等。 例题：判断正误 This is the patient whom I am taking care of.（ ） This is the patient of whom I am taking care. （ ） 知识点4：关系副词引导的限制性定语从句 1.由where引导的定语从句 定语从句在修饰一个表示____地点_______的名词时,常用where引导。 A book office（售票处） is a place where tickets are sold. Where 在从句中做地点状语，相当于一个介词短语。在本句中相当于in+ which。 所以此句可以改为：A book office is a place ___in which____ tickets are sold. 2.由when引导的定语从句 定语从句在修饰一个表示____时间__的名词时，常用when 引导。 I still remember the year when we studied together. When在从句中时间状语，其作用相当于一个“介词+关系代词” I still remember the year ___which/that__we studied in together. 3.由why引导的定语从句 ①关系副词why 的先行词只有____ the reason ___ , 在从句中表示原因状语。 Do you know the reason why I left early? Why 在从句中作原因状语，其作用相当于for which。 Do you know the reason ____ for which ___I left early? ②但如果关系词在从句中不是作状语，而是作宾语时仍用that/which . The reason ___ that/which ___ he gave us was unacceptable. 4.the way作先行词 先行词是the way在从句中作方式状语，用in which/ that引导从句或者不用关系词。 例题：The gardener was called to tell the way the poor dog had died. A. that B. which C. A or D D. in which 三、名词性从句复习（主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、宾语从句） 在复合句中起到名词作用的从句叫名词性从句，包括主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的词有： ①连词that，whether，if； ②连接代词和连接副词what, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why, how等。 【知识梳理1】主语从句 1． 定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导主语从句的关联词有三类： (1) 从属连词that。如： That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。 (2) 从属连词whether。如： Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。 (3)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。如： What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。 有时用 it 作形式主语，而把真正的主语从句移到后面。其句型有： a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句 It is necessary/important that…有必要/重要的是…… It is obvious that…很明显…… b. It + be + -ed分词+ that-从句 It is believed that…人们相信…… It is known to all that…众所周知…… c. It + be +名词+ that-从句 It is common knowledge that………是常识 It is a surprise that…令人惊奇的是…… It is a fact that…事实是…… d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句 It appears that…似乎…… It happens that…碰巧…… It occurred to me that…我突然想起…… 【知识梳理2】表语从句 1．定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导表语从句的关联词的种类： (1) 从属连词that。如： The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦的是我把他的地址丢了。 (2) 从属连词whether, as, as if。如： He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。 (3)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。 如：The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。 【注意】 在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。用should+动词原形表示，should可省略。 如：My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。 【知识梳理3】宾语从句 1．定义：用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导宾语从句的关联词有三类： (1) 从属连词that。如： He told us that he felt ill. 他对我们说他感到不舒服。 I know he has returned. 我知道他已经回来了。 注：that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下，that不能省略。 1．Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened. 大家都会看出所发生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。 (and连接两个宾语从句，that宾语从句放在and的后面时，that不能省略。) 2．I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.(that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略) 对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。 3．That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe. (that从句位于句首时，that不可省略) 我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。 (2)从属连词if/whether。如： I doubt whether he will succeed. 我怀疑他是否会成功。 I don’t know if you can help me. 我不知道你能否帮助我。 (3)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why, wherever, whenever, however。 如：Who or what he was, Martin never learned.他是什么人？他是干什么的？马丁根本不知道。 【注意】 连词whether (…or not)或if引导的宾语从句： if和whether引导的宾语从句可以互换使用，但whether常和or not连用，if一般不与or not连用。如： I wonder whether it is true or not. 我不知它是真是假。 用if引导宾语从句如果会引起歧义，应避免使用if而用whether。试比较： Please let me know if you want to go. Please let me know whether you want to go. 【知识梳理4】同位语从句 1.定义：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。 2.用法：同位语从句的先行词多为fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等，关联词多用从属连词that。如： They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。 Where did you get the idea that I could not come?你在哪儿听说我不能来？ 1. 定语从句和名词性从句的区别是什么？ 2. 定语从句和同位语从句如何区分？ 【知识梳理5】名词性从句中的几个重要问题 1．连接词可分为三类： 连接词： that, whether, if （不充当从句的任何成分） 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which 连接副词：when, where, how, why 2.不可省略连词的情况： 1) 介词后的连词 2) 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。 3. 比较：whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。 在下列情况下，whether 不能被if 取代： whether引导主语从句并在句首。在主语从句中，只有用it作形式主语时，whether和if都能引导主语从句，否则，也只能用whether；2) 引导表语从句 ；3) 引导同位语从句；4) 引导介词宾语从句 ；5）引导让步状语从句；6) 后面紧接 “or not” 或动词不定式。 4. 比较名词性that-从句与名词性what-从句 1）名词性that-从句。that只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。 主语：That he is still alive is sheer luck. 宾语：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 表语：The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 同位语：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 形容词宾语：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job. 2）名词性wh-从句。wh-词包括who, whom, whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外，还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等。wh-词 在从句中担当成分。如： 直接宾语：In one’s own home one can do what one likes. 间接宾语：The club will give whoever wins a prize. 表语：My question is who will take over president of the Foundation. 宾语补足语：She will name him whatever she wants to. 同位语：I have no idea when he will return. 介词宾语：That depends on where we shall go. 5．名词性从句中的否定的转移： 1）将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。如： I don’t think I know you. I don’t believe he will come. 2）将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。 It doesn’t seem that they know where to go. It doesn’t appear that we’ll have a sunny day tomorrow. 一、判断下列各句中哪句含有名词性从句，并指出是什么从句。 1. China is no longer what it used to be. 2. The truth that the earth turns around the sun is known to all. 3. It was snowing when he arrived at the station. 4. How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all. 5. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. 6. The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing. 7. That is where Lu Xun used to live. 二、定语从句练习 1. They talked for about an hour of things and persons they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. who D. whom 2. Is there anything ? A. that you don't understand B. which you don't quite sure C. about which you not quite sure D. you are not sure 3. The second question with pollution is the most difficult. A. which has something to do B. has something to do C. that has something to do D. that has anything to do 4. This is the least interesting book during my holidays. A. which I have ever read B. what I have ever read C. I have ever read D. that I have ever read it 5. The two things they felt very proud were their house and the diamond ring. A. about which B. of which C. in which D. for that 6. My glasses I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke. A. which B. with which C. without which D. that 7. Chapin money is now no problem, will start a new film company with his friends. A. whose B. which C. for whom D. who 8.I shall never forget those years I lived in the country with the farmers. A. that B. when C. which D. where 9.The reason I write to you is to tell you about my new friend Henry. A. because B. why C. for D. as 10.This is the park we met each other last year. A. that B. where C. which D. when 三、名词性从句练习 1.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, ____________our astronauts desire to do is to walk in space. A. where B. what C. that D. how 2.____was most important to her, she told me, was her family. A. It B This C. What D. As 3. some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others. A. Whether B. What C. That D. How 4.—I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. —That’s_______ I don’t agree. You should have a more active life. A. where B. how C. when D. what 5.Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was __ it was rather closely modeled on his own life. A. what B. that C. why D. whether 真题感知 1.（江苏省苏州市2022-2023学年高二下学期期中考试英语试卷） 第一节 完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 When I was 16， I wanted to buy an album(专辑)from my favorite band, but I could ____21____pay for it. My parents were not the type of people to give money to me ____22____, or even for work done at home. This led me to search for work opportunities in my neighborhood and I was ____23____to Mrs. Hudson, the oldest person in the community. At over eighty years old, Mrs. Hudson could no longer ____24____ her garden, and I offered to help her out. My first job was to ____25____ weeds in her front yard and backyard. After this____26____task, I mowed(修剪)her lawn．With the ＄10 earned from my first day of work， I bought that____27____．Listening to music, I felt a cool ____28____running through my heart, which made me realize all the efforts I had made were worthwhile. However, my desire for material possessions did not end there. I later set my ____29____ on a Gameboy, which was very fashionable at the time. I started to work for multiple clients, in order to earn enough money to purchase this ____30____ possession. After many days of working, I ____31____ enough money. But just after one day of playing on it, I realized that it was not as fun as I had thought. I ____32____ in the hot sun for hours doing yard work to buy something I did not ____33____．So the next day，I returned it for a full refund(退款)． Ever since that day, I have come to____34____ the value of money, realizing that the sweat and dedication that____35____earning it are truly invaluable assets that cannot be taken away from us. 21. A. slightly B. barely C. roughly D. nearly 22. A. out of nowhere B. out of condition C. out of question D. out of work 23. A. assigned B. directed C. ordered D. referred 24. A. decorate B. guard C. tend D. water 25. A. pull out B. rule out C. sort out D. take out 26. A. awesome B. creative C. tiresome D. urgent 27. A. band B. collection C. edition D. patent 28. A. breeze B. current C. spring D. wind 29. A. ambition B. curiosity C. sights D. tastes 30. A. personal B. prized C. previous D. practical 31. A. charged B. gathered C. invested D. withdrew 32. A. dug B. struggled C. sweated D. wandered 33. A. lack B. lose C. want D. deserve 34. A. accept B. appreciate C. evaluate D. enjoy 35. A. come into B. fall into C. go into D. put into 2.（江苏省常熟中学2022-2023学年高二下学期5月月考英语试题） 第二节 语法填空(共10小题：每小题1分，满分10分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 During this year’s Spring Festival holiday, the county of Tangyin in Henan province welcomed an increased number of tourists, many of ____36____came to pay respects to Yue Fei, a Song Dynasty national hero. The tourist surge was attributed to the success of Full River Red, a domestic film released during the holiday. By Jan 27, the last day of the holiday, the film____37____(generate) a huge total box office income of about 2.6 billion yuan, ranking first in the holiday box office chart. The historical drama, eponymous (同名的) with a well-known lyrical poem by Yue Fei, was directed by famous Chinese director Zhang Yimou.____38____(it) plot centers around a series of events surrounding Yue’s death. Many viewers were moved to tears by the ending of the movie,____39____(feature) thousands of soldiers reciting the lyrical poem in concert ____40____(passionate). The film’s popularity aroused public admiration ____41____Yue, who bravely fought battles against the Jin Dynasty and was celebrated for his____42____(loyal) and courage. One of the film’s____43____(intention) is to illustrate and highlight Yue Fei’s spirit. In ____44____article posted on China’s leading film rating platform Douban, Chen Yu, the film’s screenwriter, wrote that Yue’s lyrical poem contains a kind of culture or emotion ____45____(share) by all Chinese people. 3.（江苏省泰州市2022-2023学年高二下学期期初调研考试英语试题） 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Ever since he was born in 1990 in Xizhuang village, Shanxi province, Jia Jinhui’s life has been closely associated with stone carving, ____33____ unique handicraft of China. Jiangzhou stone carving ____34____ (date) back to at least 1,000 years ago, and Xizhuang has carefully preserved the tradition. Unlike other forms of stone carving, the Jiangzhou method is a comprehensive art that includes sculpture, painting, calligraphy, seal cutting and modeling. After ____35____ (graduate) from junior middle school in 2006, Jia joined his elders to help develop the family business. He also spent a lot of time reading about traditional stone carving and art to improve his skills. In just a few years, his efforts paid off, ____36____ his pieces well-received at cultural exhibitions across the province and sold both ____37____ (domestic) and overseas. Later on, Jia introduced more people to ____38____ he was doing. Over the last few decades, he ____39____ (train) around 100 stone carvers from his village as well as nearby villages, ____40____ incomes have greatly increased. In 2017, Jiangzhou stone carving was listed as a provincial-level intangible cultural heritage, ____41____ (encourage) more residents of Xizhuang to take up the trade. As a city-level inheritor (继承人), Jia feels it his _____42_____ (responsible) to pass on this traditional culture to the next generation. 提升专练 阅读理解 A On a recent late fall afternoon at Teddington, the white branches of trees overhung the banks of the Thames, leaves slowly turning yellow. Green walnuts covered the ground. The shallow water ran fast and cold over the rocky bottom, but it was littered with the white shells of dead mussels. Mussel populations in the river Thames in the UK dropped by as much as 99 per cent between 1964 and 2022. The reason isn’t clear, but the researchers involved suspect it is down to the effects of pollution, habitat loss and climate change. To shed light on the long-erm trend, Isobel Ollard and David Aldridge at the University of Cambridge found the earliest study available on these mussel populations, a survey on the Thames in Reading, Berkshire, dating from 1964. In 2022, the pair collected samples and found that the number of duck mussels per given area had decreased to just 1.1 per cent of 1964 levels. The painter mussels had fallen to 3.2 per cent of 1964 levels, and they found no living samples of the depressed river mussels at all. Mussels collected in 2022 were also smaller, reaching between 65 per cent and 90 percent of the length they would have been in 1964 at the same age. Ollard says this will be having an impact on the ecosystem, because mussels provide important functions in freshwater environments. They can filter (过滤) around 8-10 gallons of river water each day, making the whole river a better environment for fish, plants and bugs. Mussels also benefit the people who use their rivers as a source of drinking water. While no zebra mussels and Asian clams were found in the 1964 survey, she saw the populations of both rose in the latest survey, but still not enough to make up for the drop in shellfish numbers. “Pollution may be to blame for the overall fall,” Ollard says. 1. Why does the author describe the scene on the Thames in Paragraph 1? A. To present a fact. B. To clarify a concept. C. To introduce the topic. D. To make a prediction. 2. How did the researchers carry out the study? A. They carried out a survey of mussels’ habitat. B. They analyzed the historical data of climate change. C. They recorded how mussels changed from year to year. D. They compared mussel populations to those of the past. 3. What Ollard’s attitude to the drop in mussel numbers? A. Cautious. B. Worried. C. Unclear. D. Optimistic. 4. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To introduce the function of mussels. B. To explain the extinction of mussels. C. To propose new methods of protecting mussels. D. To reveal the dramatic decline in mussel numbers. B Back in April, Elon Musk, the world’s richest man, took over Twitter for a cool $44 billion. That’s a lot of money, even for a billionaire. However, its appeal isn’t obvious. It has around 436 million users every month, which isn’t nothing—but is still a long way behind Facebook, Instagram, and TikTok. It also makes a relatively low profit. Then why would Musk make the purchase? The answer might be what makes Titter so interesting: what it lacks in profits, size or growth potential, it makes up for in some way. It has an unmatched ability to shape the culture we live in. Twitter’s cultural power is easy to see. Click on any news article, and there’s a good chance that it’s quoting what someone said on Twitter. What makes the platform significant is its users. Twitter is a bar full of rich people, whereas Facebook is just like the McDonald’s across the street. What Twitter is good at is acting as a global watercooler—a channel for small talk, jokes and informal connections. Because the people hanging out on Twitter are types of great importance and influence, what happens on it can actually affect the rest of the world. However, its ability to influence the real world has strange results too. What happens on Twitter sometimes can only be known, understood, or appreciated by a relatively small number of people and bear little relation to the “real” world. Recent politics gives us a good example: during a recent debate, the BBC spent ten minutes talking about mean tweets about the candidates’ clothes instead of anything that actually matters. But in any case, it’s a powerful example of Twitter’s cultural power. This explains why Musk might pay big money for it. Because even if it doesn’t make business sense, if you own Twitter you have a voice in the world’s most important watercooler conversation. 5. What made Musk want to buy Twitter? A. Twitter’s business potential. B. Twitter’s high profits. C. Twitter’s numerous users. D. Twitter’s cultural significance. 6. Why can Twitter influence the world? A. It gains a big advantage over Facebook. B. It has important and influential users. C. It keeps people informed of the latest news. D It responds to what happens in the world quickly. 7. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A. The weaknesses of Twitter B. The threats to Titer’s survival. C. The contents on the platform. D. The complaints against social media. 8. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Who is in charge of Titter? B. What is Twitter? C. Why is Twitter so important? D. How is Twitter promoted? C When our family drove to our hotel on the night of 29 September, 1994, I prayed I would never be in such a bleak place. The streets were deserted, and we were leaving the hospital where our seven-year-old son lay in a deep unconsciousness. We wanted only to go home, to take Nicholas with us and to hold his hand again. It had been the worst night of our lives. In lives that only a few hours before had been full of warmth and laughter, there was now a total emptiness. Within days, our personal experience turned into a worldwide story. Newspapers and television told of the shooting attack by car robbers, Nicholas’s death and our decision to donate his organs. Since then, many streets, schools and hospitals in Italy have been named after him. All this is for a decision—we’ve forgotten which of us suggested it. I remember the silent room and the doctors, hesitant to ask questions about organ donation. “Now that he’s gone, shouldn’t we donate the organs?” one of us asked. “Yes,” the other replied. Nicholas was dead. The future of a bright little creature had been taken away. It was important to us that someone else should have that future. It turned out to be seven people’s future, most of them young, most very sick. We are pleased this incident has caused organ donation rates to increase dramatically in Italy—a result called the “Nicholas effect”. It seems unfair, however, to the thousands of parents who have made exactly the same decision. Their loss is no different from ours, but their willingness to share has remained largely unrecognized. For them, like us, the emptiness is always close by. I don’t believe we will ever be really happy again. But our joy in seeing the life that would otherwise have been lost is so uplifting that it has given us some comfort for what would have been just an act of violence. 9. What does the underlined word “bleak” mean in Paragraph 1? A. Encouraging. B. Hopeless. C. Attractive. D. Annoying 10. What led to Nicholas’s death? A. A gun attack. B. A street fight. C. A car accident. D. A serious illness. 11. Why did Nicholas’s parents decide to donate their son’s organs? A. They chose to take the doctors’ advice. B. They wished to increase donation rates. C. They attempted to attract the public’s attention. D. They wanted to give others a second chance at life. 12. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs? A. Italy witnesses a sharp decrease in violence. B. The parents have completely got rid of their sadness. C. Their decision has encouraged public organ donation in Italy. D. Other contributors think it is unfair not to be recognized. 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Have you ever tried asking for respect from another adult?____13____Furthermore, demanding respect from coworkers, family members or business associates is almost out of the question. That’s because the concept of respect must be spoon-fed at an early age. Adults who don’t understand the importance of respect are not likely to change. In the developmental years, they all need to comprehend kindness, behaving politely and using good manners.____14____They can easily open career doors, maintain good relationships and manage groups of people. That’s why it pays to teach respectful behavior to children and young adults in your life. These include nieces and nephews, students or younger employees. Giving and getting respect is the best way to keep society in harmony. How? We don’t waste time in arguing and rocking each other’s boat.____15____ ●____16____Show them how to eat in a healthy way, get enough rest, take care of their clothes and help with housework. Show them they are valuable. ●Point out the good qualities of other people. Help your children focus on positive aspects of people from other cultures, neighborhoods and socioeconomic backgrounds. ●Teach them that everyone does not think alike.____17____Tell your children, “Learn more about what your friends are thinking. Ask questions. Try to see the viewpoints of others.” ●Allow your child to have a pet if possible. Caring for an animal is also an effective means of helping your child understand the feelings and needs of another creature. A. It’s difficult to accomplish. B. Teach them to respect themselves. C. Teach them to live a healthy lifestyle. D. Explain every person views situations differently. E. Adults who are respectful are likely to become successful. F. An adult with good manners will surely have a safe ride in life G. These points are critical to showing your kids how to give respect. ( 2 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题05重要语法综合复习 目录 考点聚焦：核心考点+高考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺 难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升 学以致用：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破 核心考点聚焦 1、状语从句复习（时间、条件、目的、结果、原因、让步、地点状语从句） 2、定语从句复习（限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句） 3、名词性从句复习（主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、宾语从句） 一、状语从句复习（时间、条件、目的、结果、原因、让步、地点状语从句） 知识点1：时间状语从句中连词的用法和区分 1.when/ while/ as when 1) when既可引导一个持续动作，也可引导一个短暂动作，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。 如：When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays. When the film ended, the people went back. 2) when的固定句式，其意义是“那时、这时”，相当于at this/that time.常用于下列句式： be doing …when… 当…的时候某人正在做某事 be about to /be on the point of/ be going to do sth / be on one’s way to do… when当…的时候某人正要做某事 如：He was about to leave when it began to rain. I was having breakfast when the telephone rang. while 1）while引导的从句的谓语动词动作必须是持续的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比，同时while引导的从句常用进行时。 如：Please do not talk so loud while others are working. While I was wondering at this, our schoolmaster took his place. 2) while作为并列连词使用，意为“而，却”，表示对比。 如：He likes pop music, while I am fond of folk music. 3)while 引导让步状语从句“尽管，虽然”= as = though. 如：While the news, so far, has been good, there may be days ahead when it is bad. as 1) as意为：一边…一边…, 引导一个持续性动作，多用于主句和从句动作同时发生。 如：He hurried home, looking behind as he went. John sings as he works. 2）还可以表示“随着” 【注意】as作“随着”这个含义时要注意和with的区分：as+句子, with则是跟复合结构。 如：As time passed, things seemed to get worse. With the development of China, Chinese is becoming more and more important. 2. 名词和副词引导的时间状语从句 immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, no sooner…than…, hardly/scarcely…when…意思均为“一…就……” 如：No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left. The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother. 【注意】 1) 注意no sooner … than…，hardly/ scarcely… when 的固定搭配，在状语从句做题过程中可直接找到 前后的提示简化做题步骤。 2)注意no sooner … than…，hardly/ scarcely… when的时态考点： a.主句为had done, 从句用did。 b.当否定词置于句首时产生部分倒装现象，再结合时态公式如下： No sooner had sb done … than sb did Hardly/Scarcely had sb done … when sb did (注意主倒从不倒) 如：I had hardly got home when it began to rain. Hardly had I got home when it began to rain 3. not…until not… until的强调和倒装： It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it. (强调句型) Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.(not until置于句首主句要倒装） 4. before 1） before引导的时间状语从句，从句谓语不用否定式。 如：Before they reached the station, the train had gone.他们到火车站前，火车已开走了。 2）固定句型和短语： It will（not） be +一段时间+before ….,“(没)多久之后才……”。 如：It will be half a year before I come back.一年以后我才回家。 It was (not)…before…过不了多长时间某动作就发生了 如：It was not long before they arrived. 5. since 1)自从…以来（现在完成时态的标志，初中考点） a.主句（have/ has done） since + 时间点/ 句子（did型） 如：I have written home four times since I came here.自从我到这里来，我往家写了四封信。 b.固定句型 It is +时段+since+从句（从句谓语为瞬间——则按字面翻译） （从句谓语为延续——则表示未做此事多久） 如：It is two years since we arrived here. 我们到这儿两年了。 It is two years since he lived here. 他不在这儿住两年了。 【注意】区分以下几个句型： A. It will（not）/ was（not）+ 时段+ before ….“(没)多久之后才……”，“过（不）了多长时间某动作发生了” B. It is +时段+since+从句（谓语为瞬间—— 则按字面翻译） （谓语为延续——则表示未做此事多久） C. It is/ was + 被强调+ that… (强调句) D. It / this is + 次数+ that + 句子（ have/ has done） (该句型考时态) was (had done) 2)既然：引导原因状语从句 如：Since we were in the area, we should see them. 知识点2：条件状语从句中连词的特殊用法以及区分 1.if only的虚拟 if only + 主语+ 过去式（与现在相反）：要是……该有多好啊 + had done（与过去相反） 如： ---Could I use your pen? ---I’m sorry, it isn’t here. I’d get it for you if only I could remember who last borrowed it. 【注意】if only和only if的区分 1. only if中only是中心词，它表示“只有……(才)；只有在……的时候，唯一的条件是……”的意思。 如：I told him he would succeed only if he tried hard. 2. if only中心词是if, 因此，它同if一样，也能引出条件状语从句。 如：If only they were here now, we would be able to celebrate their wedding anniversary. 3. if only常常用来表达强烈的愿望或遗憾，主要用在虚拟语气中，用以表达强烈的愿望或非真实条件。常被译为“但愿”、“要是……该多好啊”等。 如：If only she could have lived a little longer. 要是她能活得再长一些，那该多好啊！ 2. if的固定省略短语：if necessary(如果有必要)，if any (如果有) 如：Find a neighbor or someone else to help, if possible. 3. if 的虚拟 从句 主句 与现在相反 if+主+did/were 主+should/could/would/might+do 与将来相反 if+主+did/were to do/ should do 主+ should/could/would/might+do 与过去相反 if+主+had done 主+should/could/would/might+have done if虚拟的省略 在非真实条件句中且从句含有were, had, should时可省略if，且要将were, had, should 提于句首。 如： If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 知识点3：原因状语从句中连词的特殊用法以及区分 一些介词短语同样可以表示原因，这样的短语有：because of, thanks to, due to, owing to等。 如：Due to your carelessness, it doesn’t work now. 知识点4：结果状语从句中连词的特殊用法以及区分 1.so和such 1)so的搭配 so +形容词/副词+ that从句 so +形容词+ a/an+可数名词单数形式+that从句 so + many/much/few/little +名词+ that从句 如：The book is so written that it gives a quite wrong idea of the facts. such的搭配 such + a/an +形容词+可数名词的单数形式+that从句 such +形容词+复数名词形式/不可数名词+that从句 such + a lot of /lots of +名词+that从句 如Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him.= Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him. 2）当so或such放在句首时，主句用倒装语序。 如：So badly was he injured that he had to go to the hospital. 他伤得这么重，不得不去医院。 So terrible was the storm that whole roofs were ripped off. 暴风雨很凶猛，整个屋顶都被刮掉了。 Such fine weather is it that we decide to go for an outing. 天气这么好，我们决定去郊游。 3）区分 so… that 与so…as ; such …that 与such… as so/ such … as (定语从句)，as在从句中做句子成分 so/such …that（结果状语从句）that不做成分 知识点5：目的状语从句中连词的特殊用法以及区分 for fear that/ in case/lest + sb (should)+do(虚拟语气) 如：The boy hid himself behind the tree in case/for fear that his father should see him. 知识点6：地点状语从句和定语从句的区分 以where做引导词的定语从句前面有先行词，但是地点状语从句修饰主句的谓语动词，前面没有表示地点的先行词。 如：The bookshop where I bought the book is not far from here.(定语从句) Make a mark where you have any doubts or questions.(地点状语从句) 知识点7：让步状语从句连词的具体用法及区分 1. although/ though/ while/as 虽然；尽管 though: adv 放在句末，意为“不过，但是” ，although无此用法。while引导的让步状语从句不能倒装，而as必须倒装，though 可倒可不倒。（高考常考as的倒装） 2. as 句型 1)表语(形容词/名词)＋ as/though ＋ 主语＋ 系动词，主句。 Old as my father is, he keeps up with his English study. 【注意】名词前不加任何冠词。 Child as he is, he knows something of electricity. Rich man as he is, he works hard. 2)副词＋ as/though＋主语＋谓语动词，主句。 Hard as he worked, he failed. Much as I have traveled, I've never seen a man as capable as Tom. 3)动词原形 ＋as/though ＋ 主语＋ might/may, 主句。 Try as he might, Tom could not get out of the difficulty. 知识点8：方式状语从句中连词的特殊用法以及区分 1. as if/ as though as if/though ＋ 从句(从句的虚拟语气与wish 后的宾语从句虚拟语气类似)，意为“仿佛，好像”。 as if/ as though 的虚拟 + 过去式/were（针对现在，与谓语同时） + had done （针对过去，先于谓语） + would do （针对将来，后于谓语） as if/ as though的省略 如果as if /though引导的从句是“主语＋系动词”结构，可省略主语和系动词，这样as if 后就可剩下不定式、名词、形容词（短语）、介词短语或分词 She speaks English as though she were a native of New York. =She speaks English as though a native of New York. 2. as 正如 as it is/was：句末：按原来的样子，照现在的样子 如：Leave it as it is. 二、定语从句复习（限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句） 在一个主从复合句中修饰某一个名词、代词或修饰整个主句的从句叫定语从句。 换句话说，定语从句就是用来作定语的句子。 e.g.I like the book that you borrowed yesterday. Do you remember the place which we talked about? This is the person who I am going to introduce to you. 1 2、先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 先行词与关系词是等量关系。必须注意两点： ① 先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。 This is the place which is worth visiting. ② 关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。 There are many places that we can visit（them）in China. 3、关系词：连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词，根据其在从句中作用分为关系代词或关系副词。 关系词的作用：1.连接先行词与定语从句；2.代替先行词；3.在定语从句中充当成分。 关系代词：若先行词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等主要成分时，用关系代词引导定语从句。 关系副词：若先行词在从句中作状语（时间状语、地点状语和原因状语等），用关系副词引导定语从句。 关系代词：who, whom, that, which, as, whose 关系副词：when, where, why 关系词 先行词 充当成分 关系代词 who 人 主、宾、表 whom 人 宾 that 人&物 主、宾、表 which 物 主、宾、表 as（非限制性定语从句） 物&整个句子 主、宾 whose = of whom /of which 人&物 定语 关系副词 when = 适当介词+ which 时间 状 where = 适当介词+which 地点 状 why = for which 原因 状 4、定语从句的位置：一般紧跟在先行词后面。但有时因句子结构的需要，定语从句和先行词被某些成分隔开。 e.g. I remember that day, when she told me she would go away. 知识点2：关系代词的用法 1. 关系代词who、which和that的用法： ①that、who用来指人，在从句中用作主语或宾语，可互换使用； ②which, that可以指物，在从句中用作主语或宾语时可以互换使用； ③关系代词who、which和that在从句中作宾语时，常可省略。 2.关系代词whom，whose的用法 ①whom，whose指人，whom是who的宾格，whose是所有格，分别在从句中作宾语和定语。 ②whom在非正式文体中可省略，也可用that或who代替。 ③whose是who和which的所有格，可指人，也可指物或动物。 ④当whose用来指物时，whose= the+名词十of which// of which+the+名词 ⑤当whose用来指人时，whose= the+名词+of whom/ of whom+the+名词 3.that,which,who引导限制性定语从句时的用法区别 ①当先行词是指物的不定代词如all,much,little,everything,nothing,some,any,anything等时，只能用that引导从句，而且在从句中作宾语时常常可省略。 ②当先行词是序数词或受序数词修饰时，只能用that引导从句。 ③当先行词是最高级或受最高级修饰时，只能用that引导从句。 ④当先行词受the very,the only,the right,just the,exactly the,no,none,every之类的词修饰时，只能用that而不用which,who,whom引导从句。 ⑤当先行词是既指人又指物的并列名词短语时，只能用that，而不用which引导从句。 ⑥当关系代词在从句中作前置介词的宾语时，用指物的which或指人的whom，而不能用that或who。 ⑦当先行词是指人的不定代词如everyone,everybody,anyone等时，用who，而不用that引导从句。 知识点3：介词+关系代词 1.介词的确定方法  ①根据先行词来确定； ②根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词确定； ③根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定。 2.介词的位置   ①一般情况下，介词放在关系代词which和whom之前，也可放在动词后 【注意】注意：that不能放在介词后作宾语。 ②固定搭配的动词短语中的介词一般不能提前.常见的这类动词短语有:   Look for/after/forward to、care for、 take care of、hear of/about/from等。 例题：判断正误 This is the patient whom I am taking care of.（ ） This is the patient of whom I am taking care. （ ） 【答案】√；× 知识点4：关系副词引导的限制性定语从句 1.由where引导的定语从句 定语从句在修饰一个表示____地点_______的名词时,常用where引导。 A book office（售票处） is a place where tickets are sold. Where 在从句中做地点状语，相当于一个介词短语。在本句中相当于in+ which。 所以此句可以改为：A book office is a place ___in which____ tickets are sold. 2.由when引导的定语从句 定语从句在修饰一个表示____时间__的名词时，常用when 引导。 I still remember the year when we studied together. When在从句中时间状语，其作用相当于一个“介词+关系代词” I still remember the year ___which/that__we studied in together. 3.由why引导的定语从句 ①关系副词why 的先行词只有____ the reason ___ , 在从句中表示原因状语。 Do you know the reason why I left early? Why 在从句中作原因状语，其作用相当于for which。 Do you know the reason ____ for which ___I left early? ②但如果关系词在从句中不是作状语，而是作宾语时仍用that/which . The reason ___ that/which ___ he gave us was unacceptable. 4.the way作先行词 先行词是the way在从句中作方式状语，用in which/ that引导从句或者不用关系词。 例题：The gardener was called to tell the way the poor dog had died. A. that B. which C. A or D D. in which 【答案】C 【解析】the way作先行词在从句中作方式状语，用in which/ that引导从句或者不用关系词。 三、名词性从句复习（主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、宾语从句） 在复合句中起到名词作用的从句叫名词性从句，包括主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的词有： ①连词that，whether，if； ②连接代词和连接副词what, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why, how等。 【知识梳理1】主语从句 1． 定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导主语从句的关联词有三类： (1) 从属连词that。如： That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。 (2) 从属连词whether。如： Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。 (3)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。如： What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。 有时用 it 作形式主语，而把真正的主语从句移到后面。其句型有： a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句 It is necessary/important that…有必要/重要的是…… It is obvious that…很明显…… b. It + be + -ed分词+ that-从句 It is believed that…人们相信…… It is known to all that…众所周知…… c. It + be +名词+ that-从句 It is common knowledge that………是常识 It is a surprise that…令人惊奇的是…… It is a fact that…事实是…… d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句 It appears that…似乎…… It happens that…碰巧…… It occurred to me that…我突然想起…… 【知识梳理2】表语从句 1．定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导表语从句的关联词的种类： (1) 从属连词that。如： The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦的是我把他的地址丢了。 (2) 从属连词whether, as, as if。如： He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。 (3)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。 如：The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。 【注意】 在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。用should+动词原形表示，should可省略。 如：My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。 【知识梳理3】宾语从句 1．定义：用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导宾语从句的关联词有三类： (1) 从属连词that。如： He told us that he felt ill. 他对我们说他感到不舒服。 I know he has returned. 我知道他已经回来了。 注：that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下，that不能省略。 1．Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened. 大家都会看出所发生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。 (and连接两个宾语从句，that宾语从句放在and的后面时，that不能省略。) 2．I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.(that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略) 对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。 3．That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe. (that从句位于句首时，that不可省略) 我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。 (2)从属连词if/whether。如： I doubt whether he will succeed. 我怀疑他是否会成功。 I don’t know if you can help me. 我不知道你能否帮助我。 (3)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why, wherever, whenever, however。 如：Who or what he was, Martin never learned.他是什么人？他是干什么的？马丁根本不知道。 【注意】 连词whether (…or not)或if引导的宾语从句： if和whether引导的宾语从句可以互换使用，但whether常和or not连用，if一般不与or not连用。如： I wonder whether it is true or not. 我不知它是真是假。 用if引导宾语从句如果会引起歧义，应避免使用if而用whether。试比较： Please let me know if you want to go. Please let me know whether you want to go. 【知识梳理4】同位语从句 1.定义：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。 2.用法：同位语从句的先行词多为fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等，关联词多用从属连词that。如： They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。 Where did you get the idea that I could not come?你在哪儿听说我不能来？ 1. 定语从句和名词性从句的区别是什么？ 2. 定语从句和同位语从句如何区分？ 【答案】 1.定语从句起修饰先行词的作用，在整个句子中作定语，不是句子的主要成分，去掉不影响整体意思表达；名词性从句在整个句子中作主语、宾语、表语、同位语的作用，是句子的主要成分，去掉影响句子意思的表达，句子会不完整。 2.定语从句中that是关系代词，在从句不完整的时候使用；同位语从句中that是关系词，没有意义不作成分，在从句完整时使用。 【知识梳理5】名词性从句中的几个重要问题 1．连接词可分为三类： 连接词： that, whether, if （不充当从句的任何成分） 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which 连接副词：when, where, how, why 2.不可省略连词的情况： 1) 介词后的连词 2) 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。 3. 比较：whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。 在下列情况下，whether 不能被if 取代： whether引导主语从句并在句首。在主语从句中，只有用it作形式主语时，whether和if都能引导主语从句，否则，也只能用whether；2) 引导表语从句 ；3) 引导同位语从句；4) 引导介词宾语从句 ；5）引导让步状语从句；6) 后面紧接 “or not” 或动词不定式。 4. 比较名词性that-从句与名词性what-从句 1）名词性that-从句。that只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。 主语：That he is still alive is sheer luck. 宾语：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 表语：The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 同位语：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 形容词宾语：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job. 2）名词性wh-从句。wh-词包括who, whom, whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外，还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等。wh-词 在从句中担当成分。如： 直接宾语：In one’s own home one can do what one likes. 间接宾语：The club will give whoever wins a prize. 表语：My question is who will take over president of the Foundation. 宾语补足语：She will name him whatever she wants to. 同位语：I have no idea when he will return. 介词宾语：That depends on where we shall go. 5．名词性从句中的否定的转移： 1）将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。如： I don’t think I know you. I don’t believe he will come. 2）将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。 It doesn’t seem that they know where to go. It doesn’t appear that we’ll have a sunny day tomorrow. 一、判断下列各句中哪句含有名词性从句，并指出是什么从句。 1. China is no longer what it used to be. 2. The truth that the earth turns around the sun is known to all. 3. It was snowing when he arrived at the station. 4. How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all. 5. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. 6. The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing. 7. That is where Lu Xun used to live. 【答案】 1、表语从句；2、同位语从句；3、不是；4、主语从句；5、同位语从句；6、不是；7、表语从句 二、定语从句练习 1. They talked for about an hour of things and persons they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. who D. whom 2. Is there anything ? A. that you don't understand B. which you don't quite sure C. about which you not quite sure D. you are not sure 3. The second question with pollution is the most difficult. A. which has something to do B. has something to do C. that has something to do D. that has anything to do 4. This is the least interesting book during my holidays. A. which I have ever read B. what I have ever read C. I have ever read D. that I have ever read it 5. The two things they felt very proud were their house and the diamond ring. A. about which B. of which C. in which D. for that 6. My glasses I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke. A. which B. with which C. without which D. that 7. Chapin money is now no problem, will start a new film company with his friends. A. whose B. which C. for whom D. who 8.I shall never forget those years I lived in the country with the farmers. A. that B. when C. which D. where 9.The reason I write to you is to tell you about my new friend Henry. A. because B. why C. for D. as 10.This is the park we met each other last year. A. that B. where C. which D. when 【答案】BACCB CCBBB 三、名词性从句练习 1.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, ____________our astronauts desire to do is to walk in space. A. where B. what C. that D. how 2.____was most important to her, she told me, was her family. A. It B This C. What D. As 3. some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others. A. Whether B. What C. That D. How 4.—I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. —That’s_______ I don’t agree. You should have a more active life. A. where B. how C. when D. what 5.Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was __ it was rather closely modeled on his own life. A. what B. that C. why D. whether 【答案】BCBAB 真题感知 1.（江苏省苏州市2022-2023学年高二下学期期中考试英语试卷） 第一节 完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 When I was 16， I wanted to buy an album(专辑)from my favorite band, but I could ____21____pay for it. My parents were not the type of people to give money to me ____22____, or even for work done at home. This led me to search for work opportunities in my neighborhood and I was ____23____to Mrs. Hudson, the oldest person in the community. At over eighty years old, Mrs. Hudson could no longer ____24____ her garden, and I offered to help her out. My first job was to ____25____ weeds in her front yard and backyard. After this____26____task, I mowed(修剪)her lawn．With the ＄10 earned from my first day of work， I bought that____27____．Listening to music, I felt a cool ____28____running through my heart, which made me realize all the efforts I had made were worthwhile. However, my desire for material possessions did not end there. I later set my ____29____ on a Gameboy, which was very fashionable at the time. I started to work for multiple clients, in order to earn enough money to purchase this ____30____ possession. After many days of working, I ____31____ enough money. But just after one day of playing on it, I realized that it was not as fun as I had thought. I ____32____ in the hot sun for hours doing yard work to buy something I did not ____33____．So the next day，I returned it for a full refund(退款)． Ever since that day, I have come to____34____ the value of money, realizing that the sweat and dedication that____35____earning it are truly invaluable assets that cannot be taken away from us. 21. A. slightly B. barely C. roughly D. nearly 22. A. out of nowhere B. out of condition C. out of question D. out of work 23. A. assigned B. directed C. ordered D. referred 24. A. decorate B. guard C. tend D. water 25. A. pull out B. rule out C. sort out D. take out 26. A. awesome B. creative C. tiresome D. urgent 27. A. band B. collection C. edition D. patent 28. A. breeze B. current C. spring D. wind 29. A. ambition B. curiosity C. sights D. tastes 30. A. personal B. prized C. previous D. practical 31. A. charged B. gathered C. invested D. withdrew 32. A. dug B. struggled C. sweated D. wandered 33. A. lack B. lose C. want D. deserve 34. A. accept B. appreciate C. evaluate D. enjoy 35. A. come into B. fall into C. go into D. put into 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. C 27. B 28. C 29. C 30. B 31. B 32. C 33. C 34. B 35. C 【解析】本文是记叙文。讲述了作者通过帮助他人做事，去赚钱，然后去买自己想要的东西，但是当把东西买回来后，发现有些并不是自己真的想要的，让作者明白为赚钱而付出的汗水和奉献是无法从我们身上夺走的真正无价的资产。 【21题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我16岁的时候，我想买一张我最喜欢的乐队的专辑，但是我几乎付不起钱。A. slightly轻微地；B. barely几乎不；C. roughly粗略地；D. nearly几乎。根据后文“My parents were not the type of people to give money to me 2, or even for work done at home.”可知，“我”的父母不给钱，所以“我”付不起钱。故选B项。 【22题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：我的父母不是那种无缘无故给我钱的人，即使是在家里完成工作也不会给我钱。A. out of nowhere莫名其妙的出现；B. out of condition身体状况不佳；C. out of question不在考虑之列；D. out of work失业的。根据后文“or even for workdone at home”可知，“我”的父母即使是在家里完成工作也不会给“我”钱，所以他们不是那种无缘无故给钱的人。故选A项。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这让我在附近寻找工作机会，于是我找到了社区里年纪最大的哈德森夫人。A. assigned分配；B. directed指向；C. ordered指挥；D. referred提到。根据后文“and I offered to help her out.”可知，“我”帮哈德森太太做事，所以是找到了哈德森太太，be directed to意为“指向”。故选B项。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：哈德森太太八十多岁了，不能再照料她的花园了，我主动提出帮她。A. decorate装饰；B. guard守卫；C. tend照料；D. water给…浇水。根据前文“At over eighty years old”后文“and I offered to help her out”可知，哈德森太太年纪太大了，不能照顾她的花园，所以“我”帮她。故选C项。 【25题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我的第一份工作是在她的前院和后院拔除杂草。A. pull out拔出；B. rule out排除；C. sort out分类；D. take out除掉。根据前文“Hudson could no longer 4 her garden, and I offered to help her out.”以及后文“weeds in her front yard and backyard”可知，“我”帮哈德森太太照顾她的花园，结合选项，所以应该是拔出杂草。故填A项。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：做完这项令人厌烦的工作后，我给她修剪草坪。A. awesome令人惊叹的；B. creative创造性的；C. tiresome令人厌烦的；D. urgent紧急的。根据前文“My first job was to 5 weeds in her front yard and backyard.”可知，“我”先是帮哈德森太太拔除她前院和后院的杂草，结合常识，拔杂草是无聊的工作。故选C项。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：用上班第一天挣的10美元，我买下了那套收藏品。A. band乐队；B. collection收藏品；C. edition版本；D. patent专利。根据前文“I wanted to buy an album(专辑)from my favorite band”可知，“我”想买“我”最喜欢乐队的专辑，这是收藏品。故选B项。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：听着音乐，我感到一股清泉流过我的心，这让我意识到我所做的一切努力都是值得的。A. breeze微风；B. current气流；C. spring泉水；D. wind风。根据后文“running through my heart”可知，“我”在听音乐，结合常识，此处应是感到一股清泉流过我的心。故选C项。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来我把目光投向了Gameboy，这在当时非常流行。A. ambition野心；B. curiosity好奇心；C. sights视野；D. tastes口味。根据前文“However, my desire for material possessions did not end there.”可知，“我”对物质财富的渴望并没有就此结束，所以，“我”把目光投向了Gameboy。故选C项。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我开始为多个客户工作，为了赚足够的钱来购买这个珍贵的财产。A. personal私人的；B. prized珍贵的；C. previous以前的；D. practical实际的。根据前文“I later set my 9 on a Gameboy, which was very fashionable at the time.”可知，“我”想买Gameboy，对“我”来说这是珍贵的财产。故选B项。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：经过许多天的工作，我攒够了钱。A. charged收(费)；B. gathered聚集；C. invested投资；D. withdrew撤回。根据前文“I started to work for multiple clients, in order toearn enough money”可知，“我”开始为多个客户工作，为了赚足够的钱，所以此处是“我”攒够了钱。故选B项。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了买一些我不想要的东西，我在烈日下干了几个小时的院子活，满头大汗。A. dug掘(地)；B. struggled奋斗；C. sweated出汗；D. wandered漫游。根据后文“in the hot sun for hours doing yard work”可知，在烈日下干了几个小时的院子活，应该是满头大汗的。故选C项。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了买一些我不想要的东西，我在烈日下干了几个小时的院子活，满头大汗。A. lack缺乏；B. lose丢失；C. want想要；D. deserve值得。根据前文“But just after one day of playing on it, I realized that it was not as fun as I had thought.”可知，“我”买了Gameboy后，发现它没有“我”想象中有趣，并不是“我”想要的。故选C项。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：从那天起，我开始懂得了金钱的价值，认识到为挣钱而付出的汗水和奉献，才是真正无价的资产，不能从我们身上拿走。A. accept接受；B. appreciate理解；C. evaluate估计；D. enjoy享受。根据后文“realizing that the sweat and dedication that15earning it are truly invaluable assets that cannot be taken away from us.”可知，“我”认识到为挣钱而付出的汗水和奉献，才是真正无价的资产，所以“我”理解了金钱的价值。故选B项。 【35题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：从那天起，我开始欣赏金钱的价值，意识到为赚钱而付出的汗水和奉献是无法从我们身上夺走的真正无价的资产。A. come into进入；B. fall into落入；C. go into（时间、精力或钱）被用在；D. put into放入。根据前文“the sweat and dedication”结合选项，可知应是汗水和奉献应该是被用在赚钱上符合实际。故选C项。 2.（江苏省常熟中学2022-2023学年高二下学期5月月考英语试题） 第二节 语法填空(共10小题：每小题1分，满分10分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 During this year’s Spring Festival holiday, the county of Tangyin in Henan province welcomed an increased number of tourists, many of ____36____came to pay respects to Yue Fei, a Song Dynasty national hero. The tourist surge was attributed to the success of Full River Red, a domestic film released during the holiday. By Jan 27, the last day of the holiday, the film____37____(generate) a huge total box office income of about 2.6 billion yuan, ranking first in the holiday box office chart. The historical drama, eponymous (同名的) with a well-known lyrical poem by Yue Fei, was directed by famous Chinese director Zhang Yimou.____38____(it) plot centers around a series of events surrounding Yue’s death. Many viewers were moved to tears by the ending of the movie,____39____(feature) thousands of soldiers reciting the lyrical poem in concert ____40____(passionate). The film’s popularity aroused public admiration ____41____Yue, who bravely fought battles against the Jin Dynasty and was celebrated for his____42____(loyal) and courage. One of the film’s____43____(intention) is to illustrate and highlight Yue Fei’s spirit. In ____44____article posted on China’s leading film rating platform Douban, Chen Yu, the film’s screenwriter, wrote that Yue’s lyrical poem contains a kind of culture or emotion ____45____(share) by all Chinese people. 【答案】 36. whom 37. had generated 38. Its 39. featuring 40. passionately 41. for 42. loyalty 43. intentions 44. an 45. shared 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍张艺谋拍摄的电影——《满江红》。 【36题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：在今年的春节假期里，河南省汤阴县迎来了越来越多的游客，其中许多人是来瞻仰宋代民族英雄岳飞的。分析句子可知，这里考查“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为tourists，指人，关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语，用关系代词whom。故填whom。 【37题详解】 考查时态。句意：截至1月27日，也就是假期的最后一天，这部电影已经创造了约26亿元的巨额总票房收入，位居假期票房排行榜第一。分析句子可知，此空应填谓语动词，且主语the film和谓语动词generate为主动关系，再由By Jan 27可知，这里应用过去完成时。故填had generated。 【38题详解】 考查代词。句意：它的情节围绕着围绕岳飞之死的一系列事件展开。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词性物主代词its作定语修饰后面名词plot，且句首时首字母应大写。故填Its。 【39题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：许多观众被电影的结局感动得流下了眼泪，成千上万的士兵同心协力热情地朗诵着这首抒情诗。分析句子可知，此空应填非谓语动词，且逻辑主语the ending of the movie和非谓语动词feature为主动关系，再根据句意可知，这里应填现在分词形式。故填featuring。 【40题详解】 考查副词。句意：许多观众被电影的结局感动得流下了眼泪，成千上万的士兵同心协力热情地朗诵着这首抒情诗。分析句子可知，此空应填副词passionately作状语修饰动词reciting。故填passionately。 【41题详解】 考查介词。句意：这部电影的火爆引起了公众对岳的钦佩，他勇敢地与金朝作战，并以其忠诚和勇气而闻名。admiration for sb.表“对某人的钦佩”，为固定搭配。故填for。 【42题详解】 考查名词。句意：这部电影的火爆引起了公众对岳的钦佩，他勇敢地与金朝作战，并以其忠诚和勇气而闻名。由并列连词and后名词courage可知，此空也应填名词，且loyalty表“忠诚”，为不可数名词。故填loyalty。 【43题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：这部电影的意图之一是为了说明和突出岳飞的精神。分析句子可知，one of后面应加可数名词intention的复数形式。故填intentions。 【44题详解】 考查冠词。句意：在中国领先的电影评分平台豆瓣上发布的一篇文章中，该片编剧陈瑜写道，岳飞的抒情诗包含了一种所有中国人都有的文化或情感。分析句子可知，此空应填不定冠词表泛指概念，且article为元音音素开始的单词，用不定冠词an。故填an。 【45题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在中国领先的电影评分平台豆瓣上发布的一篇文章中，该片编剧陈瑜写道，岳飞的抒情诗包含了一种所有中国人都有的文化或情感。分析句子可知，此空应填非谓语动词， 逻辑主语a kind of culture or emotion和非谓语动词share为被动关系，再根据句意可知，这里应填过去分词作后置定语。故填shared。 3.（江苏省泰州市2022-2023学年高二下学期期初调研考试英语试题） 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Ever since he was born in 1990 in Xizhuang village, Shanxi province, Jia Jinhui’s life has been closely associated with stone carving, ____33____ unique handicraft of China. Jiangzhou stone carving ____34____ (date) back to at least 1,000 years ago, and Xizhuang has carefully preserved the tradition. Unlike other forms of stone carving, the Jiangzhou method is a comprehensive art that includes sculpture, painting, calligraphy, seal cutting and modeling. After ____35____ (graduate) from junior middle school in 2006, Jia joined his elders to help develop the family business. He also spent a lot of time reading about traditional stone carving and art to improve his skills. In just a few years, his efforts paid off, ____36____ his pieces well-received at cultural exhibitions across the province and sold both ____37____ (domestic) and overseas. Later on, Jia introduced more people to ____38____ he was doing. Over the last few decades, he ____39____ (train) around 100 stone carvers from his village as well as nearby villages, ____40____ incomes have greatly increased. In 2017, Jiangzhou stone carving was listed as a provincial-level intangible cultural heritage, ____41____ (encourage) more residents of Xizhuang to take up the trade. As a city-level inheritor (继承人), Jia feels it his _____42_____ (responsible) to pass on this traditional culture to the next generation. 【答案】 33. a 34. dates 35. graduating##graduation 36. with 37. domestically 38. what 39. has trained 40. whose 41. encouraging 42. responsibility 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，文章介绍了绛州石雕技艺传承人家金辉以及绛州石雕。 【33题详解】 考查冠词。句意：家金辉1990年出生于山西西庄村，自那时起，他的生活就与石雕这一中国独特的手工艺紧密相连。可数名词handicraft在句中表示“一项手工艺”，泛指，用不定冠词修饰，其后单词unique发音以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a修饰，故填a。 【34题详解】 考查时态。句意：绛州石雕至少可以追溯到1000年前，西庄精心保存了这一传统。设空处在句中作谓语动词，根据句意可知，此句陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，“Jiangzhou stone carving”作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填dates。 【35题详解】 考查名词/动名词。句意：2006年初中毕业后，家金辉帮助长辈一起发展家族企业。设空处作介词“After”的宾语，应填graduate的名词或动名词形式。故填graduating/graduation。 【36题详解】 考查介词。句意：短短几年时间，他的努力就得到了回报，他的作品在全省各地的文化展览上广受欢迎，并远销国内外。句子结构分析可知，“____4____ his pieces well-received at cultural exhibitions across the province and sold both ____5____ (domestic) and overseas”为with的复合结构。故填with。 【37题详解】 考查副词。句意：短短几年时间，他的努力就得到了回报，他的作品在全省各地的文化展览上广受欢迎，并远销国内外。句子分析可知，设空处修饰动词sold，作状语，应填domestic的副词形式。故填domestically。 【38题详解】 考查名词性从句。句意：后来，家金辉让更多的人了解他正在做的事情。句子分析可知，“____6____ he was doing”为名词性从句作介词to的宾语，设空处在从句中作“doing”的宾语，指“正在做的事情”，填连接代词what引导该从句。故填what。 【39题详解】 考查时态。句意：在过去的几十年里，他从自己的村子和附近的村庄培训了大约100名石匠，这些人的收入大大增加了。设空处在句中作谓语动词，由“Over the last few decades”可知此句为现在完成时，“he”作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填has trained。 【40题详解】 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：在过去的几十年里，他从自己的村子和附近的村庄培训了大约100名石匠，这些人的收入大大增加了。句子分析可知，“____8____ incomes have greatly increased”为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“100 stone carvers”，关系将先行词代入从句中作定语，应用表示所属关系的关系代词whose引导该定语从句。故填whose。 【41题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：2017年，绛州石雕被列为省级非物质文化遗产，鼓励了更多的西庄居民从事这一行业。句子分析可知，设空处在句中为非谓语动词，“Jiangzhou stone carving was listed as a provincial-level intangible cultural heritage”与“encourage”为逻辑上的主谓关系，设空处应填encourage的现在分词。故填encouraging。 【42题详解】 考查名词。句意：作为一名市级传承人，家金辉觉得自己有责任将这一传统文化传承给下一代。由空前“his”可知设空处应填responsible的名词形式。故填responsibility。 提升专练 阅读理解 A On a recent late fall afternoon at Teddington, the white branches of trees overhung the banks of the Thames, leaves slowly turning yellow. Green walnuts covered the ground. The shallow water ran fast and cold over the rocky bottom, but it was littered with the white shells of dead mussels. Mussel populations in the river Thames in the UK dropped by as much as 99 per cent between 1964 and 2022. The reason isn’t clear, but the researchers involved suspect it is down to the effects of pollution, habitat loss and climate change. To shed light on the long-erm trend, Isobel Ollard and David Aldridge at the University of Cambridge found the earliest study available on these mussel populations, a survey on the Thames in Reading, Berkshire, dating from 1964. In 2022, the pair collected samples and found that the number of duck mussels per given area had decreased to just 1.1 per cent of 1964 levels. The painter mussels had fallen to 3.2 per cent of 1964 levels, and they found no living samples of the depressed river mussels at all. Mussels collected in 2022 were also smaller, reaching between 65 per cent and 90 percent of the length they would have been in 1964 at the same age. Ollard says this will be having an impact on the ecosystem, because mussels provide important functions in freshwater environments. They can filter (过滤) around 8-10 gallons of river water each day, making the whole river a better environment for fish, plants and bugs. Mussels also benefit the people who use their rivers as a source of drinking water. While no zebra mussels and Asian clams were found in the 1964 survey, she saw the populations of both rose in the latest survey, but still not enough to make up for the drop in shellfish numbers. “Pollution may be to blame for the overall fall,” Ollard says. 1. Why does the author describe the scene on the Thames in Paragraph 1? A. To present a fact. B. To clarify a concept. C. To introduce the topic. D. To make a prediction. 2. How did the researchers carry out the study? A. They carried out a survey of mussels’ habitat. B. They analyzed the historical data of climate change. C. They recorded how mussels changed from year to year. D. They compared mussel populations to those of the past. 3. What Ollard’s attitude to the drop in mussel numbers? A. Cautious. B. Worried. C. Unclear. D. Optimistic. 4. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To introduce the function of mussels. B. To explain the extinction of mussels. C. To propose new methods of protecting mussels. D. To reveal the dramatic decline in mussel numbers. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是对英国泰晤士河的贻贝数量减少所进行的调查。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段的“The shallow water ran fast and cold over the rocky bottom, but it was littered with the white shells of dead mussels.(冰冷的浅水快速流过岩石底部，但上面散落着死贻贝的白色贝壳。)”和第二段的“Mussel populations in the river Thames in the UK dropped by as much as 99 per cent between 1964 and 2022. The reason isn’t clear, but the researchers involved suspect it is down to the effects of pollution, habitat loss and climate change.(1964年至2022年间，英国泰晤士河的贻贝数量下降了99%。原因尚不清楚，但相关研究人员怀疑这是由于污染、栖息地丧失和气候变化的影响。)”可推知，作者在第一段描述泰晤士河死贻贝的场景是为了引出本文贻贝数量下降这一话题。故选C。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段的“In 2022, the pair collected samples and found that the number of duck mussels per given area had decreased to just 1.1 per cent of 1964 levels. The painter mussels had fallen to 3.2 per cent of 1964 levels, and they found no living samples of the depressed river mussels at all. Mussels collected in 2022 were also smaller, reaching between 65 per cent and 90 percent of the length they would have been in 1964 at the same age.(2022年，他们收集了样本，发现每个特定区域的鸭贻贝数量已经下降到1964年水平的1.1%。画家贻贝的数量已经下降到1964年水平的3.2%，他们根本没有发现萧条的河贻贝的活样本。2022年采集的贻贝也更小，长度只有1964年相同年龄贻贝长度的65%到90%。)”可推知，研究人员通过将贻贝的数量与过去进行比较来进行这项研究，故选D。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Ollard says this will be having an impact on the ecosystem, because mussels provide important functions in freshwater environments.(Ollard说，这将对生态系统产生影响，因为贻贝在淡水环境中具有重要的功能。)”可知，Ollard对贻贝数量下降表示担心，故选B。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，结合第二段的“Mussel populations in the river Thames in the UK dropped by as much as 99 per cent between 1964 and 2022. The reason isn’t clear, but the researchers involved suspect it is down to the effects of pollution, habitat loss and climate change.(1964年至2022年间，英国泰晤士河的贻贝数量下降了99%。原因尚不清楚，但相关研究人员怀疑这是由于污染、栖息地丧失和气候变化的影响。)”可知，本文主要讲的是对英国泰晤士河的贻贝数量减少所进行的调查，其目的是揭示贻贝数量的急剧下降。故选D。 B Back in April, Elon Musk, the world’s richest man, took over Twitter for a cool $44 billion. That’s a lot of money, even for a billionaire. However, its appeal isn’t obvious. It has around 436 million users every month, which isn’t nothing—but is still a long way behind Facebook, Instagram, and TikTok. It also makes a relatively low profit. Then why would Musk make the purchase? The answer might be what makes Titter so interesting: what it lacks in profits, size or growth potential, it makes up for in some way. It has an unmatched ability to shape the culture we live in. Twitter’s cultural power is easy to see. Click on any news article, and there’s a good chance that it’s quoting what someone said on Twitter. What makes the platform significant is its users. Twitter is a bar full of rich people, whereas Facebook is just like the McDonald’s across the street. What Twitter is good at is acting as a global watercooler—a channel for small talk, jokes and informal connections. Because the people hanging out on Twitter are types of great importance and influence, what happens on it can actually affect the rest of the world. However, its ability to influence the real world has strange results too. What happens on Twitter sometimes can only be known, understood, or appreciated by a relatively small number of people and bear little relation to the “real” world. Recent politics gives us a good example: during a recent debate, the BBC spent ten minutes talking about mean tweets about the candidates’ clothes instead of anything that actually matters. But in any case, it’s a powerful example of Twitter’s cultural power. This explains why Musk might pay big money for it. Because even if it doesn’t make business sense, if you own Twitter you have a voice in the world’s most important watercooler conversation. 5. What made Musk want to buy Twitter? A. Twitter’s business potential. B. Twitter’s high profits. C. Twitter’s numerous users. D. Twitter’s cultural significance. 6. Why can Twitter influence the world? A. It gains a big advantage over Facebook. B. It has important and influential users. C. It keeps people informed of the latest news. D It responds to what happens in the world quickly. 7. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A. The weaknesses of Twitter B. The threats to Titer’s survival. C. The contents on the platform. D. The complaints against social media. 8. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Who is in charge of Titter? B. What is Twitter? C. Why is Twitter so important? D. How is Twitter promoted? 【答案】5. D 6. B 7. A 8. C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章由马斯克当初重金收购推特切入，介绍了推特的重要性，尤其在文化方面的。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“The answer might be what makes Titter so interesting: what it lacks in profits, size or growth potential, it makes up for in some way. It has an unmatched ability to shape the culture we live in. Twitter’s cultural power is easy to see. (答案可能就是Titter如此有趣的原因：它在利润、规模或增长潜力方面的不足，它会以某种方式弥补。它在塑造我们生活的文化方面有着无可比拟的能力)”可知，Musk收购Titter是因为它在文化方面的重要性，故选D。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“What makes the platform significant is its users. Twitter is a bar full of rich people, whereas Facebook is just like the McDonald’s across the street. What Twitter is good at is acting as a global watercooler—a channel for small talk, jokes and informal connections. Because the people hanging out on Twitter are types of great importance and influence, what happens on it can actually affect the rest of the world. (这个平台的重要之处在于它的用户。推特是一个满是富人的贴吧，而Facebook就像街对面的麦当劳。Twitter所擅长的是充当一个全球噱头——一个闲聊、笑话和非正式联系的渠道。因为在Twitter上闲逛的人都是非常重要和有影响力的类型，在Twitter上发生的事情实际上可以影响世界其他地方)”可知，因为Twitter上有重要和有影响力的用户，所以发生的事情可以影响世界，故选B。 【7题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第四段“However, its ability to influence the real world has strange results too. What happens on Twitter sometimes can only be known, understood, or appreciated by a relatively small number of people and bear little relation to the “real” world. (然而，它影响现实世界的能力也产生了奇怪的结果。Twitter上发生的事情有时只能被相对少数的人知道、理解或欣赏，与“真实”世界几乎没有关系)”可知，本段介绍Twitter的弱点，故选A。 【8题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是最后一段“But in any case, it’s a powerful example of Twitter’s cultural power. This explains why Musk might pay big money for it. Because even if it doesn’t make business sense, if you own Twitter you have a voice in the world’s most important watercooler conversation. (但无论如何，这都是Twitter文化力量的有力例证。这就解释了为什么马斯克可能会花大价钱购买它。因为即使这在商业上没有意义，如果你拥有Twitter，你就在世界上最重要的噱头对话中有了发言权)”可知，文章由马斯克当初重金收购推特切入，介绍了推特的重要性，尤其在文化方面的。C项“为什么推特如此重要”可以作为本文标题。故选C。 C When our family drove to our hotel on the night of 29 September, 1994, I prayed I would never be in such a bleak place. The streets were deserted, and we were leaving the hospital where our seven-year-old son lay in a deep unconsciousness. We wanted only to go home, to take Nicholas with us and to hold his hand again. It had been the worst night of our lives. In lives that only a few hours before had been full of warmth and laughter, there was now a total emptiness. Within days, our personal experience turned into a worldwide story. Newspapers and television told of the shooting attack by car robbers, Nicholas’s death and our decision to donate his organs. Since then, many streets, schools and hospitals in Italy have been named after him. All this is for a decision—we’ve forgotten which of us suggested it. I remember the silent room and the doctors, hesitant to ask questions about organ donation. “Now that he’s gone, shouldn’t we donate the organs?” one of us asked. “Yes,” the other replied. Nicholas was dead. The future of a bright little creature had been taken away. It was important to us that someone else should have that future. It turned out to be seven people’s future, most of them young, most very sick. We are pleased this incident has caused organ donation rates to increase dramatically in Italy—a result called the “Nicholas effect”. It seems unfair, however, to the thousands of parents who have made exactly the same decision. Their loss is no different from ours, but their willingness to share has remained largely unrecognized. For them, like us, the emptiness is always close by. I don’t believe we will ever be really happy again. But our joy in seeing the life that would otherwise have been lost is so uplifting that it has given us some comfort for what would have been just an act of violence. 9. What does the underlined word “bleak” mean in Paragraph 1? A. Encouraging. B. Hopeless. C. Attractive. D. Annoying 10. What led to Nicholas’s death? A. A gun attack. B. A street fight. C. A car accident. D. A serious illness. 11. Why did Nicholas’s parents decide to donate their son’s organs? A. They chose to take the doctors’ advice. B. They wished to increase donation rates. C. They attempted to attract the public’s attention. D. They wanted to give others a second chance at life. 12. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs? A. Italy witnesses a sharp decrease in violence. B. The parents have completely got rid of their sadness. C. Their decision has encouraged public organ donation in Italy. D. Other contributors think it is unfair not to be recognized. 【答案】9. B 10. A 11. D 12. C 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者的儿子去世后作者捐献了儿子的器官，这导致意大利的器官捐献率急剧上升。 【9题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第一段的“The streets were deserted, and we were leaving the hospital where our seven-year-old son lay in a deep unconsciousness.(街上人去楼空，我们正要离开医院，我们七岁的儿子躺在那里昏迷不醒。)”可知，作者年幼的儿子昏迷不醒，他们感觉一切都没有了希望。划线词所在句子表示“我祈祷自己永远不会身处如此绝望的地方”，划线词bleak的意思是“无望的”，和hopeless意思相近，故选B。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Newspapers and television told of the shooting attack by car robbers, Nicholas’s death and our decision to donate his organs.(报纸和电视报道了汽车劫匪的枪击事件、尼古拉斯的死亡以及我们决定捐献他的器官。)”可知，枪击事件导致了尼古拉斯的死亡，故选A。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段的“It was important to us that someone else should have that future. It turned out to be seven people’s future, most of them young, most very sick.(对我们来说，让别人拥有这样的未来很重要。事实证明是七个人的未来，他们大多数都很年轻，大多数病得很重。)”可知，尼古拉斯的父母决定捐献他们儿子的器官是因为他们想给别人第二次生命。故选D。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“We are pleased this incident has caused organ donation rates to increase dramatically in Italy—a result called the “Nicholas effect”.(我们很高兴这一事件导致意大利的器官捐献率急剧上升，这一结果被称为“尼古拉斯效应”。)”可知，他们的决定鼓励了意大利的器官捐献。故选C。 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Have you ever tried asking for respect from another adult?____13____Furthermore, demanding respect from coworkers, family members or business associates is almost out of the question. That’s because the concept of respect must be spoon-fed at an early age. Adults who don’t understand the importance of respect are not likely to change. In the developmental years, they all need to comprehend kindness, behaving politely and using good manners.____14____They can easily open career doors, maintain good relationships and manage groups of people. That’s why it pays to teach respectful behavior to children and young adults in your life. These include nieces and nephews, students or younger employees. Giving and getting respect is the best way to keep society in harmony. How? We don’t waste time in arguing and rocking each other’s boat.____15____ ●____16____Show them how to eat in a healthy way, get enough rest, take care of their clothes and help with housework. Show them they are valuable. ●Point out the good qualities of other people. Help your children focus on positive aspects of people from other cultures, neighborhoods and socioeconomic backgrounds. ●Teach them that everyone does not think alike.____17____Tell your children, “Learn more about what your friends are thinking. Ask questions. Try to see the viewpoints of others.” ●Allow your child to have a pet if possible. Caring for an animal is also an effective means of helping your child understand the feelings and needs of another creature. A. It’s difficult to accomplish. B. Teach them to respect themselves. C. Teach them to live a healthy lifestyle. D. Explain every person views situations differently. E. Adults who are respectful are likely to become successful. F. An adult with good manners will surely have a safe ride in life G. These points are critical to showing your kids how to give respect. 【答案】13. A 14. E 15. G 16. B 17. D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是如何在生活中教导孩子和年轻人尊重的行为。 【13题详解】 空后说“Furthermore, demanding respect from coworkers, family members or business associates is almost out of the question.(此外，要求同事、家人或商业伙伴的尊重几乎是不可能的。)”，这说明向另一个成年人寻求尊重是很难的，A选项“It’s difficult to accomplish.(这很难完成。)”说明了要向另一个成年人寻求尊重是困难的，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选A。 【14题详解】 空后说“They can easily open career doors, maintain good relationships and manage groups of people.(他们可以轻松地打开职业大门，保持良好的关系，管理一群人。)”，这说明对他人尊重的人是很可能成功的，E选项“Adults who are respectful are likely to become successful.(尊重他人的成年人很可能会成功。)”说明了尊重他人的人可能成功，因此E选项引起下文，符合语境，故选E。 【15题详解】 空前说“Giving and getting respect is the best way to keep society in harmony. How? We don’t waste time in arguing and rocking each other’s boat.(给予和获得尊重是保持社会和谐的最好方法。怎么做？我们不把时间浪费在争论和惹是生非。)”，空格处应该对空前所说的方法进行评价，G选项“These points are critical to showing your kids how to give respect.(这些要点是教你的孩子如何给予尊重的关键。)”是对上述方法进行的评价，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选G。 【16题详解】 空格处是本段主题句，空后说“Show them how to eat in a healthy way, get enough rest, take care of their clothes and help with housework. Show them they are valuable.(教他们如何健康饮食，如何获得足够的休息，如何打理自己的衣服和帮助做家务。向他们展示自己的价值。)”，这些方法都是自重的方法，B选项“Teach them to respect themselves.(教他们尊重自己。)”概括了本段内容，可作为本段主题句，故选B。 【17题详解】 空前说“Teach them that everyone does not think alike.(教他们每个人的想法都不一样。)”，空格处应该要说“每个人的想法不一样”，D选项“Explain every person views situations differently.(解释每个人对情况的看法不同。)”说明了要给孩子们讲清楚每个人的想法和看法不一样，因此D选项承接上文，符合语境，故选D。 ( 2 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$