专题07 成语典故 -2024年各地中考模拟题之中华文化阅读与写作

2024年各地中考模拟题之中华文化阅读与写作 专题07 成语典故 序号 题型 来源 话题 1 短文填空 2024·山东日照·二模 班门弄斧 2 短文填空 2024·河北石家庄·模拟预测 毛遂自荐 3 短文填空 2024·浙江台州·一模 周处除三害 4 短文填空 2024·山东菏泽·二模 退避三舍 5 短文填空 2024·广东深圳·二模 程门立雪 6 短文填空 2024·江苏苏州·一模 “庄周梦蝶”和“子非鱼 7 阅读理解 2024·山东济南·三模 负荆请罪 8 阅读理解 2024·江苏南京·三模 田忌赛马 9 阅读理解 2024·山东济宁·二模 草船借箭 10 阅读理解 2024·安徽滁州·二模 孟母三迁 01 （2024·山东日照·二模）阅读下面短文在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式（每空不多于三个单词） During the Warring States Period, there was 1 man called Lu Ban. He 2 (know) as the most excellent carpenter (木匠) then. It is said that he once made a bird of wood. It was so lifelike that it flew 3 the sky for three days. One day, a young carpenter came to a house which had a big red door. He 4 (hold) up his ax (斧) and said, “I am a great carpenter. No matter what kind of wood it is, I can make it into anything.” Hearing this, people around him all laughed. “This young carpenter 5 (talk) big now,” they thought. One of them pointed to the big red door behind him and said, “Young man, can you make a 6 (good) door than this one?” The young carpenter raised his head high 7 (show) his confidence. Then he said, “No problem! I used to be a student of Lu Ban.” The crowd laughed again. Someone said, “This is Lu Ban’s home. He made this door 8 (he).” The young carpenter’s face turned red and he ran away 9 (quick). Thus comes the proverb “Ban Men Nong Fu”. It means showing off slight (微不足道的) 10 (skill) in front of an expert. 02 （2024·河北石家庄·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词 (有提示词的，填入所给单词的正确形式)。 Lord Pingyuan was from the State of Zhao (赵国). At that time, Zhao was 11 (weak) than Qin, so Qin wanted to control Zhao. Lord Pingyuan decided to ask the State of Chu 12 some help. He wanted to pick twenty talented people to go with him. But he could only find nineteen people. Where is the 13 (twenty) person? Soon, a man called Mao Sui said in 14 confident voice, “Please believe in me.” Finally, Lord Pingyuan let Mao Sui join 15 (they). Lord Pingyuan led these twenty 16 (man) to the State of Chu. However, the king didn’t want to help Zhao. Mao Sui acted so 17 (brave) that he walked to the king with a sword (剑) in his hand. The king was shocked and had to listen to Mao Sui. Mao Sui explained 18 important the friendship between Chu and Zhao was. The king agreed to help Zhao. Then Mao Sui 19 (become) a hero of the state. What can we learn from the story? It 20 (remind) us that we should always believe in ourselves like Mao Sui. Don’t be shy to hide your talents. Show yourselves to others. 03 （2024·浙江台州·一模）阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Long long ago, there was a strong man named Zhou Chu. People in his village were afraid of him 21 he did lots of bad things to them. They called Zhou Chu, the biggest tiger in the mountain, and the evil dragon in the river “Three Pests (三害)”, and Zhou Chu was 22 (bad) of the three. The villagers asked Zhou Chu to kill the tiger and the dragon. In fact, they wanted him 23 (die). Zhou Chu thought it was a good chance to be 24 hero and he accepted the task happily. The next day, Zhou Chu went to the mountain alone, and killed the tiger 25 (quick). Then, he jumped into the river to fight the dragon. But he didn’t come back to the village this time. Everyone thought he was dead and 26 (celebrate) his death. Unexpectedly, three 27 (day) later, Zhou Chu killed the dragon and came back alive. Seeing that everyone was happy about his “death”, Zhou Chu came to realize that he was considered as one of the three pests. He was so sad that he decided to change 28 (he). Then he asked the wise man Lu Yun 29 advice. He told Lu Yun what happened and expressed his wish to make a fresh start. From then on, Zhou Chu was a completely changed man and he 30 (accept) by the villagers. 04 （2024·山东菏泽·二模）阅读短文，用括号内所给词汇的适当形式填空，使短文语义完整。 How long or far is sanshe in the idiom tuibisan-she? In ancient times, she 31 (be) a unit of distance (距离). One she is as far as 30 li. One li is 500 meters and 30 li is 15,000 meters. So sanshe is 45 32 (kilometer). There is a story behind this idiom. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Prince Chong’er of the Jin State 33 (run) away from his home state. He wanted 34 (travel) to other states. Once, he went to the State of Chu. The king, Chu Chengwang served 35 (he) a feast (盛宴). He asked Chong’er, “If you rule (统治) the State of Jin one day, how would you thank me?” “It 36 (seem) your state has everything you want. I have nothing that you like,” Chong’er said. However, Chengwang still asked for something. 37 (final), Chong’er said, “I would ask my army to retreat (撤退) sanshe if we ever fight.” Later, Chong’er returned to his home the State of Jin and became its ruler called Wengong. Both of the two wanted to become 38 (strong) and get more land. They went to war with each other. Jin Wengong didn’t break his promise. He asked his army to retreat sanshe and stay in Chengpu. The Chu army 39 (think) that the Jin soldiers were afraid to fight, so they followed them. To their surprise, the Jin army surrounded (包围) them. In the end, Jin won the war. This was the famous Battle of Chengpu. After this war, people used tuibisan-she 40 (mean) retreating to avoid a conflict (冲突). 05 （2024·广东深圳·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Respecting teachers has always been a tradition in China. Yang Shi was a philosopher in the Northern Song Dynasty. One day, he and his schoolmates had different 41 (idea) on a question. To get a correct answer, he went to visit Cheng Yi, the famous philosopher. At Cheng’s house, however, the guarding kid told him that Mr. Cheng was meditating (冥想) in his room and asked him to go back. Yang refused 42 (leave), so the kid left him alone and went in. After a while, it began to snow 43 (heavy). The little boy came out again and reminded Yang 44 Mr. Cheng might spend the whole afternoon meditating. He invited Yang to warm 45 (he) in the house to avoid the wind and snow. 46 Yang kept standing in the snow and waiting outside in order that he could ask Cheng’s opinion on the question. As soon as Cheng finished meditating, the boy reported that Yang 47 (wait) outside. When Cheng heard this, he came out to see Yang. When the door was opened, everyone was 48 (shock). The snow was more than 49 foot deep, but Yang stood still, without moving his feet. “Young man, why are you so silly? You could have come again someday!” Cheng took Yang to the room at once. Cheng was very moved and accepted Yang 50 his student because of Yang’s politeness and efforts. He told Yang all his philosophical thoughts. That made a big difference to Yang’s life. Later, Yang really learned a lot and made great contributions to his country. 06 （2024·江苏苏州·一模）认真阅读下面短文，填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Dreams are often mysterious (神秘的). One day, a man named Zhuang Zhou had 51 interesting dream. He dreamed of becoming a beautiful butterfly. Flying around, he could do anything he wanted. How happy 52 free he was! He forgot that he was a man. Then he 53 (wake) up from his dream and found he was a man. “Who am I, indeed (到底)?” he asked 54 (he). “Am I Zhuang Zhou or the butterfly?” Finally, he said, “Maybe I am a butterfly. In my dream, I became a man and my name was Zhuang Zhou.” Zhuang Zhou lived 55 (much) than 2, 000 years ago. We also call him Zhuang Zi. Zhuang Zi loved nature and freedom. He thought that people and animals should 56 (treat) equally (平等地). There are many interesting 57 (story) about him and animals. Once, Zhuang Zi and his friend 58 (be) taking a walk along the river. After a while, Zhuang Zi said, “Look 59 the fish! How happy they are!” His friend asked him, “You are not a fish. How do you know they are happy?” Zhuang Zi smiled, “But you are not me. How do you know that I don’t know the 60 (fish) feeling?” Is Zhuang Zi’s question a difficult one? What do you think he was—a man or a butterfly? 07 （2024·山东济南·三模）In the Warring States Period, there were many shining names in the river of the history, Lian Po and Lin Xiangru were among them. Both of them were generals of the State of Zhao. They both contributed a lot to their country. Lian Po was good at fighting against enemies in the war while Lin Xiangru was strong in providing wise suggestions for the king. One day, Lin Xiangru took a lot of trouble to get a valuable jade (壁) back for the king. Then the king highly praised him. Lian Po felt unhappy and said, “I’ll make Lin Xiangru feel ashamed and foolish the next time I meet him.” Lin Xiangru heard of this from others. In order not to cause trouble, he tried his best to avoid meeting Lian Po. Because Lin Xiangru put benefit of the country first, he thought that any trouble between him and Lian Po would be used by the enemy of their country. So he kept silent. Later when Lian Po realized his mistake, he was so ashamed that he went to Lin Xiangru’s home carrying brambles on his back and asked for punishment. Lin Xiangru welcomed him warmly and considered him as his best friend. 61．Lian Po and Lin Xiangru were both ________. A．kings B．soldiers C．generals D．enemies 62．After hearing what Lian Po said from others, Lin Xiangru ________. A．said sorry to Lian Po B．told the king C．kept silent D．visited Lian Po 63．According to the passage, it is TRUE that ________. A．the king preferred Lian Po to Lin Xiangru B．Lian Po didn’t realize his mistake at last C．Lian Po got a valuable jade back for the king D．Lin Xiangru put benefit of the country first 64．Which picture best describes the story? A． B． C． D． 65．Which words can best describe Lin Xiangru from the passage? A．Friendly and kind. B．Wise and generous. C．Humorous and helpful. D．Outgoing and hard-working. 08 （2024·江苏南京·三模）Long ago, China was divided into kingdoms (战国). The kingdoms were often at war, so good military leaders were important. One such leader was Tian Ji, a general in the State of Qi. Tian Ji’s best friend was Sun Bin. Sun Bin had been a military official in the State of Wei. After he was unfairly fired from his job, he moved to the State of Qi. Sun Bin taught Tian Ji a lot about military strategy. At that time, horse racing was the most popular entertainment for the rich. People bet money on the races. Tian Ji was a fan of horse racing, but he wasn’t very good at betting. One day, Tian Ji again lost money at the races. He went home feeling sorry for himself. When Sun Bin saw how sad Tian Ji was, he said, “Take me with you next time. Maybe I can help you win!” A week later, Tian Ji did just that. Sun Bin learned how the races worked very quickly. He saw that the horses were divided into three types according to speed. First-class horses were the fastest, and third-class horses were the slowest. Each type had their own race and people bet on each race. In order to win the overall bet, a person only needed to win two of the three races. Sun Bin also noticed that each type had a different saddle color. This was to tell the different horses apart. Soon, Sun Bin developed a strategy to help Tian Ji. “Trust me,” he told Tian Ji. “I know exactly how you can win!” Tian Ji got so excited he challenged the king to a race. Tian Ji did everything that Sun Bin told him to do. For the first race, he put the first-class saddle on his third-class horse. The king’s first-class horse easily beat Tian Ji’s third-class horse. For the second race, Sun Bin told Tian Ji to put the second-class saddle on his first-class horse. And sure enough, Tian Ji won the second race. His first-class horse was better than the king’s second-class horse. Finally, for the third race, Tian Ji used his second-class horse. Once again, he won. This time it was against the king’s third-class horse. The king was shocked. Tian Ji was the overall winner. The king congratulated Tian Ji, but he was curious. “Tian Ji, where did you get such good horses?” he asked. “Your Majesty,” Tian Ji replied, “I did not win because I found great horses. I won because of the strategy I used. It was Sun Bin’s strategy, and it worked!” “Really?” said the king. “What exactly was this strategy?” Tian Ji told the king all about how he switched horses. He explained how Sun Bin knew that even when two opponents were unevenly matched, a strategy could be used to minimize losses. In this case, losing only once meant that Tian Ji was still the overall winner. Hearing this, the king immediately made Sun Bin the military adviser for the whole army. Sun Bin’s strategies and Tian Ji’s leadership led the State of Qi to many military victories. 66．What’s “kingdom” mean? A．People are fighting in the war. B．Rulers are killing people. C．Cultures are becoming different from others. D．Several countries are divided and confronted (对峙). 67．Which of the following is true? A．Sun Bin was Tian Ji’s friend. B．Tian Ji was fighting with the King. C．Tian Ji won the horses’ race. D．The King hated Tian Ji because of the failure of the race. 68．If the first-class horse was ①, the second was ②, the third was ③, which one was Tian Ji’s order? A．③①② B．②③① C．①③② D．③②① 69．Tian Ji was ▲ . Which word is the best for ▲? A．silly B．careful C．selfish D．forgetful 70．What is the story tells us? A．We should be careful to every detail so that we can succeed. B．We should be glib that the enemy may be confused. C．We should be deterrent that makes the enemy afraid. D．We should invite others to help us so that we can have a rest. 09 （2024·山东济宁·二模） To Borrow Arrows with Thatched Boats One day, Zhou Yu ordered Zhuge Liang to make 100, 000 arrows in ten days. Zhou Yu thought it was impossible, but Zhuge Liang said,“Give me three days.” Then he asked Lu Su to lend him 20 boats, and the soldiers put some scarecrows (稻草人) in line on the boats. He reminded Lu Su not to tell Zhou Yu what was happening. When Lu Su came again to see Zhuge Liang, he found nothing unusual. Nothing happened on the second day, either. In the small hours (凌晨) of the third day, Zhuge Liang invited Lu Su for a boat ride. The 20 boats were tied together with strong ropes. Zhuge’s fleet went towards the camp of Cao Cao. The surface of the river was covered with thick mist (雾) all over. People could hardly see each other on the river. When Zhuge’s fleet got close to the Cao camp before dawn (黎明), Zhuge Liang ordered his soldiers to shout and beat drums heavily to pretend an attack. But Zhuge and Lu Su only sat inside one boat drinking wine to enjoy themselves. As soon as the Cao camp heard the shouting and drum beating, they mistook it for a surprise attack by the Zhou Yu camp. Since they could see nobody on the river,they had to order 3, 000 soldiers to shoot arrows to stop the unexpected attack. The front of the scarecrows was quickly full of arrows. After a while, Zhuge Liang had his fleet turned around to get the other side of the scarecrows to face the Cao camp.When both sides were full of arrows, the day broke. Zhuge Liang ordered his soldiers to return. The soldiers shouted in excitement, “Thank you, Cao Cao, for your arrows.” After they got back to their camp, they collected more than 100, 000arrows in total from the scarecrows. 71．How many days did Zhuge Liang need to make 100,000 arrows? A．One day. B．Two days. C．Three days. D．Ten days. 72．The underlined word “fleet” probably means in Chinese. A．船帆 B．甲板 C．船桨 D．船队 73．The soldiers in the Cao camp shot arrows because . A．Lu Su beat the drums B．the Zhou Yu camp started an attack C．they could see each other on the river D．they mistook the shouting and beating for a surprise attack 74．How did Zhou Yu probably feel after Zhuge Liang returned with over 100, 000 arrows? A．Surprised. B．Bored. C．Tired. D．Lonely. 10 （2024·安徽滁州·二模） Once, there was a little boy called Meng Ke. His father passed away when he was just a baby, so he lived alone with his mother. At first, they lived near a graveyard (墓地). The graveyard was always filled with scary sense. Meng’s mother thought to herself, “No, this is not the place to raise my child.” So the next day she packed the bags and left the graveyard with Meng Ke. They moved to a house next to a noisy market. People crowded the market, chatting and bargaining (讨价还价), while vendors (小贩) shouted trying to attract customers. Meng Ke saw this and pleased himself by acting like a vendor. But his mother was very afraid and told herself, “No, this is certainly not the proper place to raise my child, either.” So she took Meng Ke away from the market at once. At last, they settled down beside a school. Every day Meng Ke watched the pupils. He imitated (模仿) their polite manners. He saw the students reading books and he did so as well. Soon he developed a great interest in looking for knowledge. His mother was pleased at seeing this. So Meng Ke and his mother lived there for years, and Meng Ke grew up to be a well-mannered, knowledgeable and wise man, and today we all know him as Mencius. 75．When did Meng Ke’s father die? A．When Meng Ke was just a baby. B．When Meng Ke was a pupil. C．When Meng Ke was playing chess. D．When Meng Ke was reading a book. 76．Where did Meng Ke and his mom live one after another? A．Near a graveyard→beside a school→next to a noisy market. B．Next to a noisy market→near a graveyard→beside a school. C．Beside a school→near a graveyard→next to a noisy market. D．Near a graveyard→next to a noisy market→beside a school. 77．What does the story mainly want to tell us? A．Imitating is necessary in study. B．It’s convenient to live near the school. C．A good environment is very important for a person to grow up. D．A successful child usually needs the selfless love of a mother’s. 78．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Mencius’ Mother Moved Three Times B．Meng Ke and His Mom Moved All the Time C．Meng Ke and His Mom Traveled All the Time D．Meng Ke Loved Doing Fresh Things All the Time 参考答案： 1．a 2．was known 3．in 4．held 5．is talking 6．better 7．to show 8．himself 9．quickly 10．skills 【导语】本文主要讲述了《班门弄斧》的故事。 1．句意：战国时期，鲁国有一个人，名叫班。man“人”，单数形式，前面用不定冠词a，表示“一个人”。故填a。 2．句意：他被认为是当时最优秀的木匠。be known as“被认为是”，时态为一般过去时，主语为“He”，be动词用was。故填was known。 3．句意：它栩栩如生，在天上飞了三天。in the sky“在天上”。故填in。 4．句意：他举起斧子说：“我是一位伟大的木匠。”根据“One day, a young carpenter came”可知，时态为一般过去时，用hold的过去式held。故填held。 5．句意：这位年轻的木匠现在正在说大话。根据“now”可知，时态为现在进行时，结构为“be +V-ing”；主语为“This young carpenter”，be动词用is。故填is talking。 6．句意：年轻人，你能造一扇比这更好的门吗？根据“than”可知，此处用good“好的”的比较级better。故填better。 7．句意：年轻的木匠高高地抬起头，表现出他的自信。此处用不定式作目的状语。故填to show。 8．句意：这扇门是他自己做的。此处表示门是鲁班自己做的，用反身代词himself“他自己”。故填himself。 9．句意：小木匠脸一红，很快跑走了。quick“快的”，形容词，此处用其副词形式修饰动作ran away。故填 quickly。 10．句意：它的意思是在高手面前炫耀高超的技艺。skill“技巧”，名词，空前无表数量的限定词，此处用其复数形式。故填skills。 11．weaker 12．for 13．twentieth 14．a 15．them 16．men 17．bravely 18．how 19．became 20．reminds 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了“毛遂自荐”的故事，作者想由此告诉我们应对自己有信心。 11．句意：那时，赵国比秦国弱，所以秦国想控制赵国。weak是形容词，意为“弱的”，由空后面的than“比”可知weak用比较级，weak的比较级形式是weaker。故填weaker。 12．句意：平原君决定向楚国求助。本题考查短语“向某人寻求帮助”ask sb. for help，根据短语可知答案是for，ask the State of Chu for help“向楚国请求帮助”。故填for。 13．句意：那第二十个人在哪里呢？根据“the…person”可知，此处空后为名词单数，空格前为the，此处使用序数词，twenty序数词为twentieth。故填twentieth。 14．句意：很快，一个叫毛遂的人自信地说：“请相信我。”根据“in…confident voice”可知，in a/an…voice“用某种声音”，confident以辅音音素开头，使用冠词a，故填a。 15．句意：最后，平原君让毛遂加入他们。根据“join”可知，动词后使用人称代词宾格，故填them。 16．句意：平原君带领这二十个人去了楚国。根据“twenty”可知，基数词twenty后使用名词复数，故填men。 17．句意：毛遂表现得如此勇敢，他手握剑走向了国王。根据“acted so”可知，此处使用副词修饰实义动词，bravely为brave的副词，故填bravely。 18．句意：毛遂解释了楚赵两国友好关系的重要性。根据“important the friendship between Chu and Zhao was.”可知，此处为感叹句结构，how+形容词+主语+谓语，故填how。 19．句意：然后毛遂成为了国家的英雄。根据“The king agreed to help Zhao.”可知，此处使用动词过去式，故填became。 20．句意：它提醒我们，我们应该像毛遂一样始终相信自己。根据“What can we learn from the story?”可知，此处介绍这个故事带来的启示，使用一般现在时，主语为It，使用动词三单形式，故填reminds。 21．because 22．the worst 23．to die 24．a 25．quickly 26．celebrated 27．days 28．himself 29．for 30．was accepted 【导语】本文向我们介绍了中华典故《周处除三害》，告诫人们要正确地认识到自己的错误并及时改正。 21．句意：村子里的人都很怕他，因为他对他们做了很多坏事。根据“People in his village were afraid of him... he did lots of bad things to them.”可知，村里的人害怕周处是因为周处做了很多坏事，此处表示因果关系，前果后因，because“因为”，引导原因状语从句。故填because。 22．句意：他们把周处、山上最大的老虎与河里的恶龙称为 “三害”，而周处是三者中最坏的那个。根据“Zhou Chu was...of the three.” 可知，三者进行比较用形容词最高级，最高级前面加the。故填the worst。 23．句意：事实上，他们想让他死。根据“they wanted him...”可知，want sb. to do sth. 表示 “想要某人做某事”。故填to die。 24．句意：周处认为这是一个当英雄的好机会，他高兴地接受了任务。根据“it was a good chance to be... hero”可知，此处是泛指一个英雄，hero以辅音音素开头，不定冠词用a。故填a。 25．句意：第二天，周处独自上山，迅速杀死了老虎。此处副词修饰动词“killed”。故填quickly。 26．句意：大家都以为他死了，庆祝他的死。根据“Everyone thought he was dead and...his death.”可知，语境时态是一般过去时，动词填过去式。故填celebrated。 27．句意：出乎意料地，三天后，周处杀了龙，活着回来了。根据“three...later”可知，three后面接可数名词复数。故填days。 28．句意：他很伤心，决定改变自己。根据“he decided to change...”可知，此处指改变自己，主语是“he”，反身代词用himself “他自己”。故填himself。 29．句意：于是他向智者陆云寻求建议。根据“he asked the wise man Lu Yun...advice”可知，ask sb. for advice“向某人寻求建议”。故填for。 30．句意：从那时起，周处完全变了一个人，他被村民们所接受。根据“he... by the villagers.”可知，指的是周处被村民接受，主语“he”为单数，且和动词“accept”是动宾关系，时态是一般过去时，故用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was accepted。 31．was 32．kilometers 33．ran 34．to travel 35．him 36．seems 37．Finally 38．stronger 39．thought 40．to mean 【导语】本文主要讲述了“退避三舍”的典故。 31．句意：在古代，“舍”是一个距离单位。be“是”。根据“In ancient times”可知，句子为一般过去时，主语为三单，故谓语动词用was。故填was。 32．句意：“三舍”是45公里。kilometer“公里”。根据“45”可知，此处应用名词复数。故填kilometers。 33．句意：春秋时代，晋国的重耳王子逃离他的国家。run“跑”。根据“During the Spring and Autumn Period”可知，句子为一般过去时，故此处应用run的过去式ran。故填ran。 34．句意：他想去其他国家旅行。travel“旅行”。want to do sth.“想要做某事”，故此处应用动词不定式。故填to travel。 35．句意：楚成王设宴款待他。he“他”。根据“Chu Chengwang served...a feast (盛宴)”可知，此处应用人称代词宾格作宾语。故填him。 36．句意：似乎你的国家有你想要的一切。seem“似乎，好像”。根据“has”可知，句子为一般现在时，主语It为三单，故此处应用三单形式。故填seems。 37．句意：最后，重耳说：“如果我们打起来，我会让我的军队撤退三舍。”final“最后的”。根据“Chong’er said, ‘I would ask my army to retreat (撤退) sanshe if we ever fight.’”可知，此处修饰整个句子，应用副词。故填Finally。 38．句意：这两个国家都想变得更强大，得到更多的土地。strong“强壮的，强大的”。根据“Both of the two wanted to become...and get more land”可知，此处应用形容词比较级作表语。故填stronger。 39．句意：楚国军队认为金国士兵不敢战斗，所以他们跟着金国士兵。think“认为”。根据“were”可知，句子为一般过去时，故此处应用think的过去式thought。故填thought。 40．句意：在这场战争之后，人们用退避三舍表示撤退以避免冲突的意思。mean“表示……的意思”。根据“used”可知，use sth. to do“用某事/物来……”。故填to mean。 41．ideas 42．to leave 43．heavily 44．that 45．himself 46．But 47．was waiting 48．shocked 49．a 50．as 【导语】本文主要讲述了“程门立雪”的故事。 41．句意：有一天，他和同学们对一个问题有不同的想法。different后跟名词复数，故填ideas。 42．句意：杨不肯走，孩子就丢下他一个人走了进去。refuse to do意为“拒绝做某事”，故填to leave。 43．句意：过了一会儿，开始下大雪。此处修饰动词应用副词，heavy意为“重的”，是形容词，其副词为heavily，故填heavily。 44．句意：小男孩又出来提醒杨，程先生可能要花一下午的时间冥想。分析句子，空格处引导宾语从句，且此处在从句中不充当成分且无实义，应用that引导宾语从句，故填that。 45．句意：他邀请杨进家里取暖，以躲避风雪。根据“invited Yang to warm…in the house”可知，这里指邀请杨进家里暖和暖和自己，所以用反身代词himself，故填himself。 46．句意：但杨一直站在雪地里等在外面，以便能问程对这个问题的看法。此处表示转折，应用转折连词but，句首首字母大写，故填But。 47．句意：程刚冥想完，男孩就报告说杨在外面等着。根据“Yang kept standing in the snow and waiting outside”可知，杨一直在外面等着，此处表示过去某一段时间一直做某事，应用过去进行时“was/were+动词现在分词”，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用was，故填was waiting。 48．句意：当门被打开时，所有人都惊呆了。此处为系表结构，be动词后跟形容词，动词shock的形容词为shocked，意为“震惊的”，故填shocked。 49．句意：雪有一英尺多深，但杨站着没有移动脚步。此处表泛指，且foot以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a，故填a。 50．句意：由于杨的礼貌和努力，程很感动，接受了杨作为自己的学生。根据“accepted Yang…his student”可知，这里指接受了杨作为自己的学生，as意为“作为”，故填as。 51．an 52．and 53．woke 54．himself 55．more 56．be treated 57．stories 58．were 59．at 60．fish’s 【导语】本文主要讲述了“庄周梦蝶”和“子非鱼”的故事。 51．句意：一天，一位名叫庄周的人做了一个有趣的梦。设空处位于单数名词前表示泛指，结合interesting为元音音素开头，an符合语境。故填an。 52．句意：他是多么快乐自由啊！设空处前后happy和free为并列关系，并列连词and“和”符合语境。故填and。 53．句意：然后他从梦中醒来，发现自己是一个人。本句时态为一般过去时，所以动词用过去式形式。故填woke。 54．句意：他问自己，我到底是谁。设空处宾语与主语he指向同一人，应用he的反身代词himself“他自己”。故填himself。 55．句意：庄周生活在2000多年以前。more than“超过”，固定短语。故填more。 56．句意：他认为人和动物应该被平等地对待。主语“people and animals”为谓语动词treat的动作承受者，应用被动语态be done结构，本句有情态动词should，所以be动词用原形，treat的过去分词为treated。故填be treated。 57．句意：关于他和动物有许多有趣的故事。根据“many”可知，名词要用复数形式，stories符合语境，故填stories。 58．句意：有一次，庄子和他的朋友正沿着河边散步。本句讲述过去某个时间正在发生的事情，应用过去进行时was/were doing结构，主语“Zhuang Zi and his friend”为复数形式，were符合句意。故填were。 59．句意：看这些鱼！look at“看”，固定短语。故填at。 60．句意：你怎么知道我不懂鱼的感受呢？fish为有生命物体，设空处需填写’s所有格形式表示“鱼的”。故填fish’s。 61．C 62．C 63．D 64．B 65．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了战国时期的廉颇负荆请罪的故事。 61．细节理解题。根据“Lian Po and Lin Xiangru were among them. Both of them were generals of the State of Zhao”可知，他们都是赵国的将军。故选C。 62．细节理解题。根据“So he kept silent.”可知，蔺相如保持了沉默。故选C。 63．细节理解题。根据“Because Lin Xiangru put benefit of the country first”可知，蔺相如将国家利益放在第一位。故选D。 64．细节理解题。根据“Later when Lian Po realized his mistake, he was so ashamed that he went to Lin Xiangru’s home carrying brambles on his back and asked for punishment.”可知，廉颇意识到了自己的错误，羞愧难当，背着荆棘到蔺相如家里要求惩罚，B项符合。故选B。 65．推理判断题。根据“Because Lin Xiangru put benefit of the country first, he thought that any trouble between him and Lian Po would be used by the enemy of their country.”可知，蔺相如把国家利益放在第一位，他认为他和廉颇之间的任何麻烦都会被他们国家的敌人利用，所以他保持沉默，说明他很明智；根据“Lin Xiangru welcomed him warmly and considered him as his best friend.”可知，廉颇负荆请罪，蔺相如热情欢迎了他，并把他视为自己最好的朋友，说明蔺相如宽宏大量。故选B。 66．D 67．A 68．A 69．B 70．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了在孙膑策略的指导下田忌赛马的故事，最终田忌成为赢家。 66．词义猜测题。根据汉语提示及“The kingdoms were often at war”可知，“kingdom”指的是国家，且是处于分裂和对峙的国家，故选D。 67．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Tian Ji’s best friend was Sun Bin.”可知，田忌最好的朋友是孙膑，所以选项A“孙膑是田忌的朋友”正确，故选A。 68．细节理解题。根据“For the first race, he put the first-class saddle on his third-class horse.”及“For the second race, Sun Bin told Tian Ji to put the second-class saddle on his first-class horse.”及“Finally, for the third race, Tian Ji used his second-class horse.”可知，田忌先用的是三等马，然后是一等马，最后是二等马，对应的是③①②，故选A。 69．推理判断题。根据“Tian Ji did everything that Sun Bin told him to do.”及语境可知，在赛马过程中，田忌认真对待，成为最终的赢家，所以B项“careful小心的，认真的”符合，故选B。 70．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了在孙膑策略的指导下田忌赛马的故事，最终田忌成为赢家。在这个过程中，他们每一步都很认真小心，步步为营，最终取得成功。选项A“我们应该小心每一个细节，这样我们才能成功”符合，故选A。 71．C 72．D 73．D 74．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了“草船借箭”的故事。 71．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Zhou Yu thought it was impossible, but Zhuge Liang said, ‘Give me three days.’”可知，诸葛亮认为需要三天来造十万支箭。故选C。 72．词义猜测题。根据第二段中“The 20 boats were tied together with strong ropes. Zhuge’s fleet went towards the camp of Cao Cao.”可知，20艘船用结实的绳子系在一起，诸葛亮带着自己的船队向曹操的营地进发，所以fleet表示“船队”。故选D。 73．细节理解题。根据第三段中“As soon as the Cao camp heard the shouting and drum beating, they mistook it for a surprise attack by the Zhou Yu camp…they had to order 3,000 soldiers to shoot arrows to stop the unexpected attack.”可知，因为曹军一听到喊声和鼓声，就误以为是周瑜的突然袭击。故选D。 74．推理判断题。根据第一段中“One day, Zhou Yu ordered Zhuge Liang to make 100,000 arrows in ten days. Zhou Yu thought it was impossible”可知，周瑜认为在10天内弄到10万支箭是不可能的，所以当诸葛亮成功地在很短的时间内完成时，他会感到很惊讶。故选A。 75．A 76．D 77．C 78．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了孟母三迁的故事。 75．细节理解题。根据第一段“Once, there was a little boy called Meng Ke. His father passed away when he was just a baby”可知，当孟轲还是个婴儿时，他的父亲就去世了。故选A。 76．细节理解题。根据第二段“At first, they lived near a graveyard (墓地).”，第三段“They moved to a house next to a noisy market.”和第四段“At last, they settled down beside a school.”可知，孟轲和他的母亲最开始住在墓地旁，然后搬去了一个吵闹的市场旁，最后他们在一所学校旁边安顿下来。故选D。 77．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了孟母三迁的故事。这个故事旨在告诉我们，一个好的环境对一个人的成长非常重要。故选C。 78．标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了孟母三迁的故事。因此，选项A“孟母三迁”是最佳标题。故选A。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$