专题06 阅读理解七选五（2024年新课标I卷） (专家评价+三年真题+满分策略+多维变式) -2024年高考英语新课标卷真题深度解析与考后提升

《2024年高考英语新课标卷真题深度解析与考后提升》 专题06 阅读七选五（新课标I卷）原卷版 (专家评价+全文翻译+三年真题+词汇变式+满分策略+话题变式) 目录 一、原题呈现 P2 二、答案解析 P2 三、专家评价 P3 四、全文翻译 P3 五、词汇变式 P4 (一)考纲词汇词形转换 P4 (二)考纲词汇识词知意 P4 (三)高频短语积少成多 P5 (四)语篇单句填空 P5 (五)长难句分析 P6 六、三年真题 P6 (一)2023年新课标I卷阅读七选五篇 P6 (二)2022年新课标I卷阅读七选五篇 P7 (三)2021年新课标I卷阅读七选五篇 P7 七、满分策略（阅读七选五） P8 八、话题变式 P11 变式一：英语学习工具、英语词典、学习体验6篇 P11 变式二：七选五段中设空做题三大技巧6例4篇 P15 ( 一 原题呈现 ) 阅读七选五关键词: 说明文；人与自我；英语词典；英语学习体验；语言学习；学习工具；保护语言 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it’s vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿). 36 No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly. I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker. 37 Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I’m old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus. 38 It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced. In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it’s not exactly short. It contains around 163,000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. 39 However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there’s nothing better. For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson’s Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755. “To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work,” wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of “dull”. 40 A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience. A. I don’t often use this dictionary. B. It takes no account of the context. C. But I still don’t want to replace them. D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling. F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. G. Dictionaries don’t always give you enough information. ( 二答案解析 ) ( 三专家评价 ) 结合生活实际，强调学用融合互促 2024年高考英语命题选取贴近学生学习和生活实际的语篇，通过设置真实易懂的试题情境，考查学生运用英语进行日常交际以及使用英语解决实际问题的能力，引导学生理解并掌握学以致用、以用促学的方法，提高英语学习效率。听力部分设置了日常对话、电话访谈、专题讨论、主持发言、通知报告等常见场景，话题包括大学入学、校园活动、天气情况、交通方式、课后作业等，易于考生带入情境、理解材料。新课标Ⅰ卷阅读七选五选取的语篇介绍了作者使用英语词典的经验、心得与乐趣，引导学生在日常学习和运用英语的过程中充分利用好各类词典。新课标Ⅱ卷阅读第二节选取的语篇围绕过度旅游的问题进行探讨并给出应对建议，利用社会热点话题引导学生关注现实生活中的问题并思考解决办法。【中国考试·教育部教育考试院】 ( 四 全文翻译 处 ) 并非所有伟大的作家都是拼写高手。如果你想出版作品，提交一份完美的、专业的原稿是至关重要的。  36   。没有一个编辑会容忍一个不花力气去正确拼写单词的作者。 我在办公桌上放了两本参考书。我并不信任我笔记本电脑的拼写检查功能。 37 。当然，现在有大量的在线词典和同义词词典，但我很老套，更喜欢精装书和用手指翻阅的书页。我使用《简明牛津词典》和《柯林斯词典》。 38 。它应该给你每个单词提供精确定义，从而将其与其他意思相似但不完全相同的单词区分开来。它通常还会显示单词的发音。 此外，我还有一本旧的两卷本的《简编牛津词典》，是几年前在书店以99便士的价格买到的。当然，它多达2672页，并没那么精简。它包含大约163，000个单词，还有各类单词组合和惯用短语。 39  。然而，如果我需要检查一个单词的词源或查找其用法的例句，没有什么比这本更好用的了。 一百多年来，最有影响力的英语词典是1755年出版的Samuel Johnson的英语词典。“编字典是一件乏味的工作，”约翰逊写道，这是对“乏味”这个单词的定义的示例。 40  。花几分钟时间浏览一两页会是一种有益的体验。 A.我不经常使用这本词典。 B.它没有考虑上下文。 C.但我还是不想换掉他们。 D.但是读字典可以是一种享受。 E.当然，字典不仅仅是用来拼写的。 F. 这意味着良好的语法和没有拼写错误。 G.字典并不总是给你足够的信息。 ( 五词汇变式 ) 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 一、考纲词汇词形转换 1. professional adj 专业的→___________adv 专业地 2. define vt 下定义→___________ n 释义； 3. combine vt 组合→___________n 组合； 4. use vt 使用→___________n 用法； 5. influence n.影响→___________adj 有影响力的； 6.reward vt 犒劳→___________adj 有意义的； 7. idiom n. 成语→___________ adj. 成语的 二、考纲词汇识词知意 第一组：高频单词 1. submit v ___________； 2. professionally adv ___________； 3. present v ___________； 4. tolerate v ___________； 5. laptop n ___________； 6. precise adj ___________； 7. definition n ___________； 8. identical adj ___________； 9. combination n ___________； 10. usage n ___________； 11. influential adj ___________； 12. illustrate v ___________； 13. rewarding adj ___________； 14. context n ___________ 第二组：低频单词 15. spellchecker n___________； 16. old-fashioned adj___________； 17. hard cover n ___________； 18. differentiate v ___________； 19. two-volume adj ___________； 20. idiomatic adj. ___________ 三、高频短语积少成多 1. a great speller ___________； 2. take the trouble to do sth___________； 3. reference books ___________； 4. leaf through ___________； 5. pick up ___________； 6. idiomatic phrases ___________； 7. cast your eye over sth ___________； 8. take account of ___________ 9. leaf through ___________ 四、核心考点单句填空 1. Not all great writers are great ____________(speller). That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. 2. If you want to be published, it’s vital to submit a perfect, ____________(professional) presented manuscript (原稿). 3. No editor is likely ____________(tolerate) a writer who does not take the trouble ____________(spell) words correctly. 4. I keep two ____________(refer) books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). 5. I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker. It ____________(take) no account of the context. 6. Of course, these days there ____________(be) plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I’m old-fashioned enough ____________(prefer) a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus. 7. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling. It will also usually show how the word ____________(pronounce). 8. It should give you a precise ____________(define) of each word, thus differentiating it ____________other words ____________whose meanings are similar, but not identical. 9. In addition, I have ____________ old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, ____________(pick) up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. 10. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it’s not ____________(exact) short. It contains around 163,000 words, plus word combinations and ____________(idiom) phrases. 11. I don’t often use this dictionary. ____________, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look ____________ examples of its usage, there’s nothing better. 12. For well over a hundred years the most ____________(influence) English dictionary was Samuel Johnson’s Dictionary of the English Language ____________(publish) in 1755. 13. “To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work,” wrote Johnson, ____________(illustrate) one definition of “dull”. 14. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. A few minutes spent ____________(cast) your eye over a page or two can be a ____________(reward) experience. 五、长难句分析 1. It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. 【翻译】它应该给你每个单词一个准确的定义，从而将其与其他含义相似但不相同的单词区分开来。 【分析】这是一个复杂的复合句，whose meanings are similar, but not identical是定语从句，修饰先行词words; thus differentiating it from other words是现在分词短语短语作结果状语。 2. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. 【翻译】汀达尔说，查理心脏病发作后，她准备让他入睡，但法伯的治疗大大减轻了她的狗的痛苦，她能够让它再活五个月。 【分析】这是一个复杂的主从复合句，After Charlie had a heart attack是after引导的时间状语从句；主体部分是but连接的并列句；but部分又包含so…that…引导的结果状语从句。 ( 六三年真题 ) 【2023年新课标I卷阅读七选五】 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Personal Forgiveness Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. 16 You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this. In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” 17 Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of. At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. 18 You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. 19 That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time. It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. 20 We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow. A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way. B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself. C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise. D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness. E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it. F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down. G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality. 【2022年新课标I卷阅读七选五】 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people. However, the process can be made easier if you learn to practice three simple techniques. 36 When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. Stay loose and free. 37 Don’t worry about grammar or spelling. Even though this technique won’t work for everyone, it helps many people get a good store of ideas to draw on. The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect. 38 Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄皱) paper. Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungle—as part of an exploration, not as a complete highway. The third technique is to try printing out a triple—spaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision. 39 As a result, these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks (大块) of their draft and writing revisions in the blank space. After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes into your word processor. 40 The resulting blank space invites you to revise. A. Make sure your handwriting is neat. B. Let your pen follow the waves of thought. C. The second draft of the essay should be better. D. First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing. E. Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time. F. Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise. G. Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space. 【2021年新课标I卷阅读七选五】 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 My husband and I just spent a week in Paris. 36 So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard. It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway. The place wasn’t entirely authentic, though. Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing (水管) worked. 37 Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said, “Ouverture des portes,” in perfect French. That is the only French phrase I mastered, and it’s a shame I don’t have much use for it. Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight. 38 French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs. 39 On our first morning in Paris, I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18! In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency (效率). You can tell this by café life. French cafés are always crowded. 40 When do these people work? The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously — so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call. A. Not all the customers are tourists. B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent. C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed. D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers. E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do. F. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians. G. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy. ( 七满分策略 ) 阅读七选五满分策略 七选五六大方略 高中英语阅读七选五题型要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握，并具备运用语法知识分析理解长难句的能力。可以说，此题型是对语言能力和阅读理解能力的综合测试。 从近五年七选五全国卷来看，说明文为主，几乎每年必考，应引起足够重视。 方略一 | 略读文章抓大意 以最快的速度跳跃式地浏览文章的大小标题、首段、每段的首句，以及表示句、段关系的连接性词语(特别是however, but等后的内容)等重要部分，以了解文章的基本结构和内容大意。事实上，一般只需花5～10秒阅读大小标题和第一段首尾句即可。 方略二 | 重点阅读上下句 因为正确选项必定会与上下句之间语义衔接、逻辑通顺，解题时大多只看上句，或只看下句，就可基本确定答案。事实上，如果没有时间来得及通读或细读，或者基础不够扎实即使读也读不懂，建议通过以下技巧，也基本上可以得满分。 方略三 | 看看结构变轻松 在解题过程中，除了每做一道有把握的题后就在7个选项中将其画掉缩小范围外，通过观察语言结构也可将选择范围大大缩小，心情变得更加轻松，一般可将7个选项缩小到2～4个选项，碰对的机率大大提高。 方略四 | 词语复现显神功 作者或说话人在谈论某个话题或主题时，与主题相关的词语必定会以原词、同义词或近义词等形式在上下文中重复出现，这种现象叫词语复现。同一个词的重复出现叫原词复现；以同义词的形式重复出现，叫同义复现；以近义词或近义表达(意思相近，表达方式不同)的形式重复出现，叫近义复现；以词义相同而词性不同的形式重复出现，叫同根复现。还有上义词与下义词的复现(adult是teacher, parent的上义词，而teacher, parent就是adult的下义词)。 方略五 | 代词逻辑亦管用 我们知道，七选五就是考查上下文之间的衔接，而代词是语篇衔接的重要手段之一，故解题中要善于利用这一衔接手段。 方略六 | 篇章需要基本功 有的题利用文章或段落的“总—分”结构关系来解，也很管用，但需要以下基本功：懂得整篇文章的基本结构或段落的语篇结构通常是主题句(总)+支撑句(分)(分述主题的具体内容/说明原因/举例证明等)。 七选五十大解题技巧 技巧一 | 从细节逻辑上判断——因果关系 在做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子，明白这几句话的确切意思，然后根据意思的连贯性或逻辑性从选项中选取正确答案。在读懂意思的基础上，判断它们之间的关系来进一步确认答案。 因果关系主要指前后的句子有着原因和结果之间的关系，这种关系往往说明了前因后果或者前果后因等情况。表示因果关系的连词有as a result结果，thus/therefore因此，so (such)...如此……以至于等。 技巧二 | 从细节逻辑上判断——转折关系 转折关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句构成逆转逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很有可能是个转折逻辑的句子。表示转折关系的连接词有：however然而等。 技巧三 | 从细节逻辑上判断——例证关系 前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式多样，但就其本质而言无非是思维上的形象（例子、类比等）和抽象（观点）的辩证关系，用到的思维过程无非就是基本的归纳（从例子到观点）和推理（从观点到例子）。 技巧四 | 从细节逻辑上判断——递进关系 递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的层进关系，则空格处很有可能是个递进的句子。表示递进关系的连词有：also也, 而且, further另外(的), furthermore而且，此外等。 技巧五 | 从细节逻辑上判断——平列关系 表示列举关系的有：firstly第一, 首先secondly第二, thirdly第三in the first place第一，首先for one thing首先等。 技巧六 | 从词汇线索上判断——代词指代 英语表达中的代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。 技巧七 | 从词汇线索上判断——同义词/近义词 英语前言后语之间往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使用，这是我们解题的一个很好的判断线索。其实就其本质而言，上文讲的代词和下文将涉及的上下义词和同一范畴词都是特殊的同义/近义词。 技巧八 | 从词汇线索上判断——同畴词 上下义词和同一范畴词就是前者包含了后者，或可以说后者是前者的一个子集。利用前后句中这样的特殊的同义关系常常可以很轻松地解题 技巧九 | 从试题位置上判断——问题在段首 假如问题出现在段首，它通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间会有某种的衔接手段，尤其当选项是几句话时。 技巧十 | 从试题位置上判断——问题在段尾 所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。分析与前文是转折或是对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。 如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词。 段尾通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。 ( 八话题变式-名校好题再练 ) 变式一：英语学习工具、英语词典、学习体验 01（23-24高三上·河南省焦作·二模） A dictionary is a book which explains the meanings of words. The words are put in order. 1 The word “dictionary” comes from the Latin “dictio” (saying). 2 They include dictionaries which explain words and how they are used, dictionaries which translate words from one language into another, dictionaries of biography which tell about famous people, and so on. Dictionaries which explain what words mean will give a clear “definition (定义)” of a word. Good dictionaries will also give more information about the word. They will explain how it is pronounced. Usually the International Phonetic Alphabet is used for this. 3 This is not a problem for a word like “hippopotamus”, but a word like “put” has so many different meanings that a large dictionary may have a whole page or more to explain how it can be used. There are also dictionaries which translate words into foreign languages. When using a dictionary to find out how to say something in another language, one has to be careful to choose the right word. A word like “right” has two basic meanings in English: The first meaning is “correct”, and the second is “the opposite of left”. 4 They will have different words for these different meanings. 5 You may wonder why. That’s because new words are often brought into a language or words that may change their meanings. The most famous English Dictionary is the Oxford English Dictionary (OED). Words are always being added to the OED. A. You can buy all kinds of dictionaries. B. There are several types of dictionaries. C. In this way they can be found quickly. D. Words are never taken out of the OED. E. Dictionaries need to be renewed frequently. F. Also, they will explain how the word is used. G. However, other languages are not like English. 02（23-24高三下·黑龙江哈尔滨·阶段练习） The Oxford English Dictionary includes more than 170,000 English entries (词条). Luckily, you don’t need to learn so many words. But as a foreign language learner, you have to learn a certain number of words to communicate effectively. 6 The following are the most important ones. Narrow it down. The first step is to identify what you want to focus on and set goals. 7 Perhaps you want to read about soccer or learn how to cook like a native chef. The best leaners are motivated to study because they choose vocabulary based on their interests and needs. 8 They refer to the most widely used words in any kind of speech or writing. Generally, there are four categories of words in any language: high-frequency words, academic words, technical words and low-frequency words. 9 These are the words people use most in everyday writing and speech, so learning them can make you understand what you hear and respond appropriately. An online search for the phrase “the most common words in X language” can help you identify a list of high-frequency words to focus on. Seek out opportunities to use new words. Learning the vocabulary involves two processes: to be able to recognize a word and to use it. We typically learn to recognize words in writing or speech before we’re able to use them. It takes additional, concentrated practice to learn a new word. 10 Such opportunities include writing emails to and chatting with native speakers. A. Divide words into different categories. B. Focus on the most common words. C. If you have a strong interest in a particular subject, start with that. D. You will learn new words better if you speak rather than simply read them. E. With some strategies, you can learn faster and more easily than you have imagined. F. High-frequency words help to quickly improve your ability to communicate. G. That’s why it’s important to find out more chances of productive language practice. 03（23-24高三上·辽宁·期中） English is an excellent language to learn, whether it’s for business, travel or personal reasons. Improving spoken English is usually what most English learners need to seek advice for. Here are some useful ways to help you. Speak a little English every day. The best way to learn any new language is just to speak it. Don’t wait until you “feel more comfortable” speaking in English — you probably won’t reach that level for a long time. 11 You’ll be amazed at how quickly your language skills improve. 12 Pay particular attention to any sounds that you are unfamiliar with or that do not exist in your native tongue. For example some people have difficulty pronouncing the “r” sound, as it does not exist in their native language. Be aware that the pronunciation of certain English words varies greatly depending on the part of the world it’s spoken in. 13 If you intend to travel to or live in an English-speaking country, this is something you should take into account when learning how to pronounce certain words. Attend an English class or discussion group. A class will teach you the grammatically correct way of speaking — which includes proper sentence structure and verb conjugation and will generally provide a very structured approach to language learning. 14 This setting can help you to become more comfortable with speaking in front of other people. Both of these language-learning settings have their pros and cons, so it’s best to do both if you can! Carry a dictionary. Carrying an English dictionary with you at all times. 15 Having a dictionary means that you will never be stuck for a word. It can save you a lot of embarrassment if you’re having a conversation with an English-speaker and forget a word in the middle of the sentence—all you have to do is take a second to look it up! A. Ignore your pronunciation. B. Work on your pronunciation. C. Referring to a dictionary is usually forbidden in an exam. D. Whether it’s an actual book or a phone app can be very useful. E. For example, American English is very different from British English. F. Attending a discussion group is a more informal and relaxed way of learning English. G. Therefore, push yourself outside of your comfort zone and start speaking English today. 04（23-24高三上·山西晋城·阶段练习） The Oxford English Dictionary includes more than 170,000 English entries. Luckily, you don’t need to learn so many words. But as a foreign language learner, you have to learn a certain number of words to communicate effectively. 16 The following are the most important ones. Narrow it down. The first step is to identify what you want to focus on and set goals. 17 Perhaps you want to read about soccer or learn how to cook like a native chef. The best learners are motivated to study because they choose vocabulary based on their interests and needs. 18 The most common words are the most widely used words in any kind of speech or writing. Generally, there are four categories of words in any language: high-frequency words, academic words, technical words and low-frequency words. 19 These are the words people use most in everyday writing and speech, so learning them can make you understand what you hear and respond appropriately. An online search for the phrase “the most common words in X language” can help you identify a list of high-frequency words to focus on. Seek out opportunities to use new words. Learning the vocabulary involves two processes: to be able to recognize a word and to use it. We typically learn to recognize words in writing or speech before we’re able to use them. It takes additional, concentrated practice to learn a new word. 20 Such opportunities include writing emails to and chatting with native speakers. A. Divide words into different categories. B. Figure out what the most common words are and focus on them. C. If you have a strong interest in a particular subject, start with that. D. You will learn new words better if you speak rather than simply reading them. E. With some strategies, you can learn faster and more easily than you have imagined. F. High-frequency words help to quickly improve your ability to communicate. G. That’s why it’s important to find out more chances of productive language practice. 05（23-24高三上·山东聊城·期中） The Oxford English Dictionary defines work as the “mental or physical activity as a means of earning income”. Since the industrial revolution, the working world has seen dramatic changes, 21 We could never have dreamed of most of them just decades ago. We are finding new ways to explore our inborn talents and use our knowledge and skills for the good of the world. Yet most of us are operating under an outdated definition of work. We think work should be hard and that it should be a sacrifice. 22 Only powerful and successful people are able to experience the pleasure of working. 23 As a saying goes, “The mind is everything. Whatever you think, you become.” Stanford psychologist Carol Dweek’s research on the power of thinking and a growth mindset provides even more evidence that our realities and futures are greatly shaped by how our minds approach the situation. The next best step is to come up with your own definition of work. Think through the following two questions: 24 How similar or different is your actual day-to-day work to or from your definition? Ask these questions often—not just once. If you want to spend the majority of your time loving what you do and feeling a deep sense of fulfillment, you need to take charge of creating this for yourself. It doesn’t matter whether you are a businessman or a student with a part-time job. 25 A. What is your definition of work? B. New jobs are being created every day. C. Do you understand the definition of work? D. Enjoying work is simply something “nice to have”. E. We are supposed to work hard to satisfy our own need. F. But we must remember that the mind creates the experience. G. You have more power to manage your experience of work than you believe. 06（23-24高三上·山东潍坊·阶段练习） You may think that English dictionaries have been used for many, many centuries. The spelling of English has always been a problem. 26 Then people could spell words in different ways which you might find interesting. But it made reading English much more difficult. So dictionaries were invented to encourage everybody to spell the same. In fact, an English dictionary like the kind you use today wasn’t made until the time of the late Qing Dynasty. 27 They are Samuel Johnson, Noah Webster, and James Murray. These men spent nearly all of their lives trying to collect words for their dictionaries. For them, it was not only a job; it was a wonderful journey of discovery. The largest dictionary in the world is the Oxford English Dictionary, or OED for short. 28 At the age of fourteen, he left his village school in Scotland and taught himself while working in a bank. Later he became a great teacher. After Oxford gave him the job, Murray had a small house built in the garden behind his house to do his work. Part of it was one meter underground. 29 He had to wear a heavy coat and put his feet in a box to keep warm. Every morning, Murray got out of bed at five o'clock and worked several hours before breakfast. 30 Murray hoped to finish the new dictionary in ten years. But after five years, he was still adding words for the letter A! Forty-four years later, in 1928, other editors finished the dictionary. A. In winter it felt like a barn. B. Murray had never been to college. C. He worked on the dictionary until he was very old. D. Often he would work by candle light into the evening. E. But it was more of a problem in the days before a dictionary. F. Three men did most of the important early work on dictionaries. G. The idea of this dictionary came from an important meeting in Britain in 1857. 变式二：七选五段中设空做题技巧 考法一：段中瞻前型 从2020到2023年高考考情统计表和高三教学实际来看，段中设空题数量多（2-4题）、难度大（涉及前后句逻辑关系）、区分度好而备受命题者青睐，同时也是考生失分重灾区，务必引起重视。 考例1 (2023•新高考II卷) 40题 As an artist who shares her journey on social media, I’m often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey. Unfortunately, there is no magic list I can offer. I do remember, though, what it was like to be a complete beginner. So I’ve put together some good tips for starting an art journey. … The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. 40 Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life. A. Get out of your comfort zone. B. Make career plans and set goals. C. Don’t throw away your beginner art. D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so. E. You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times. F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role. G. You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition. 37题解题思路： 第一步：观察设空位置特点。 该空明显位于段落中间，属于段中句类型。 第二步：关注段首句和上文。 分析设空处，空处位于段落第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. (你的旅程不会是一条笔直的道路)”以及后文“Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life. (坚持下去，给它时间，付出努力。你将收获艺术生活的回报)”可知，E项“You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times. (你会遇到障碍，有时你会感到气馁)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。 第三步：去伪存真锁定答案。 结合语境，E项“You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times. (你会遇到障碍，有时你会感到气馁)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。故选E项。 考例2 (2021•新高考I卷) 37题 The place wasn’t entirely authentic, though. Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing (水管) worked. 37 Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said, “Ouverture des portes,” in perfect French. That is the only French phrase I mastered, and it’s a shame I don’t have much use for it. A. Not all the customers are tourists. B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent. C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed. D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers. E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do. F. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians. G. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy. 37题解题思路： 第一步：观察设空位置特点。 该空明显位于段落中间，属于段中句类型。 第二步：关注段首句和上文。 上文“Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing worked.(与普通的巴黎公寓不同，水管工作正常)”说明作者租的公寓的情况，C项“有一个漂亮的厨房和一张舒适的床”继续说明公寓的配置，承接上文，符合题意。 第三步：去伪存真锁定答案。 C项“有一个漂亮的厨房和一张舒适的床”继续说明公寓的配置，承接上文，符合题意。故选C项。 考法二：段中顾后型 考例3 (2023•全国乙卷)36题 Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home. 36 , but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory. What’s more, indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive. 37题解题思路： 第一步：观察设空位置特点。 该空明显位于段落中间，属于段中句类型，同时该句并不完整属于残缺句。 第二步：关注段首句和上文。 根据下文“but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory.(而且研究表明，它们可以通过改善情绪、减轻压力和帮助增强记忆力来促进人们的健康)”可知，此处与下文是递进关系，构成not only…but“不仅……而且……”结构。由此可知，B. Not only do they look beautiful(它们不仅看起来很漂亮)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选B。 第三步：去伪存真锁定答案。 此处空白处与下文构成not only…but“不仅……而且……”结构。由此可知，B. Not only do they look beautiful(它们不仅看起来很漂亮)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选B。 考例4 (2021•全国甲卷)37题 A successful swap depends on the selection of clothes, the organization of the event, and, obviously, how much fun is had. It's really easy to do! Here are a few pointers. ●Invite 5—10 people so you have a nice selection. 37 , and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable. A. Less people than that B. Hold a clothing swap C. If two people are competing D. Just keep music playing throughout E. Donate whatever clothes are left over F. Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots G. Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition 37题解题思路： 第一步：观察设空位置特点。 该空明显位于段落中间，属于段中句类型，同时该句并不完整属于残缺句。 第二步：关注段首句和上文。 下文“and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.”（可能没有足够的东西可供选择；多于这个数量，它就变得无法控制。）说明多于或少于一定数量的人数将会导致一些麻烦。所以空白处应是针对下文中的“more than that”提出的相反的假设，即少于一定数量的人。A项“Less people than that”（少于这些人）提出一种假设，和下文中“more than that”相对，说明人数不宜太多，也不能太少。 第三步：去伪存真锁定答案。 A项“Less people than that”（少于这些人）提出一种假设，和下文中“more than that”相对，说明人数不宜太多，也不能太少。故答案是A。 考法三： 段中瞻前顾后型 考例5 (2023•新高考I卷)39题 Personal Forgiveness Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. 36 It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness. You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this. In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” 37 Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of. A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way. B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself. C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise. D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness. E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it. F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down. G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality. 37题解题思路： 第一步：观察设空位置特点。 该空明显位于段落中间，属于段中句类型。 第二步：关注段首句和上文。 根据空前内容“In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths. ”(在日记或纸上写上“个人优点”。)”以及空后内容“Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.(你有爱心吗？有创造力吗？你慷慨吗？是一个好的倾听者？与人相处很有趣吗？它们不一定要改变世界，只要你个性中让你感到自豪的方面就行。)”可知，空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。 第三步：去伪存真锁定答案。 注意选项和文本同义转换：put the heading=list, personal strengths= characteristics you like about yourself. 选项B “Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.(现在列出所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点。)”符合上下文内容，下文内容具体解释那些是优点。故选B。 考例6 (2023•新高考II卷) 40题 As an artist who shares her journey on social media, I’m often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey. Unfortunately, there is no magic list I can offer. I do remember, though, what it was like to be a complete beginner. So I’ve put together some good tips for starting an art journey. … The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. 40 Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life. A. Get out of your comfort zone. B. Make career plans and set goals. C. Don’t throw away your beginner art. D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so. E. You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times. F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role. G. You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition. 40题解题思路： 第一步：观察设空位置特点。 该空明显位于段落中间，属于段中句类型。 第二步：关注段首句和上文。 分析设空处，空处位于段落第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. (你的旅程不会是一条笔直的道路)”以及后文“Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life. (坚持下去，给它时间，付出努力。你将收获艺术生活的回报)”可知，E项“You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times. (你会遇到障碍，有时你会感到气馁)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。 第三步：去伪存真锁定答案。 结合上下文，E项“You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times. (你会遇到障碍，有时你会感到气馁)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。故选E项。 01（2024·宁夏银川·三模） An apology tells someone that we’re sorry for the hurt we caused — even if we didn’t do it on purpose. It’s a way of saying we’re aware of what we did and we’ll try to do better in future. 1 . Sometimes we hurt people’s feelings without wanting to. Sometimes, we do it on purpose and feel bad later on. So we apologize. Apologies are one of the tools that we use to get along better with other people. Saying that you’re sorry is more than just words. 2 . Apologizing shows you can understand the other person’s feelings as if they were your own. What’s more, after apologizing, you might feel a little better. The other person probably will, too. 3 , you can feel good because you are trying to make things right again. Everyone needs to apologize when they do something wrong. For example, if someone is irritated because of something you did, you need to apologize. If you say something that hurts someone, even if you don’t mean it, then you should apologize. 4 . When someone apologizes to you, you may welcome it and be ready to forgive. 5 . If a person keeps hurting you and apologizing without making an effort to change, you might not want to hang out with that person anymore. However, it’s always good to accept an apology. A. When you apologize in a caring way B. When you accept an apology in a desirable way C. It’s difficult to mend a relationship if we don’t apologize D. Or you might not feel like being friendly again right away E. It isn’t always easy for us to get along well with everyone all the time F. If you lose or break something belonging to someone else, you should say sorry G. You’re also saying that you respect and care about the other person’s feelings 02（2024·浙江金华·模拟预测） Being overly emotional may mean reacting to negative feelings quickly instead of letting your intelligence weigh in. Chances are that you are relating to your emotions in a way that isn’t always constructive if you feel overly emotional. 6 Here are approaches to make it. Identify your emotions. It’s important to know what you feel so that you can address each emotion appropriately. 7 If you feel anger, for instance, you may start to notice your breathing quickening, your muscles tensing, or your skin feeling flushed. If you’re happy, you may notice smiling or feelings of lightness in your limbs. Interpret each emotion’s message. 8 For instance, you may feel anxiety as a way to express fear of something. Emotions can set off emotional or physical perceived stressors that we choose to move toward or away from. When your emotions come up, ask them what they are conveying to you. Increase your empathy (共情). Empathy means observing your emotions less but the emotions of those around you more. If you find yourself focusing largely on your own emotions, take a step back and notice the emotions of the people around you. 9 Increasing your empathy helps you relate to people more effectively, respect their emotional experience, and take the spotlight off of yourself. 10 Sometimes it’s difficult to relate to your emotions positively or cannot find ways to control your emotions. A therapist (治疗师) can help you process your difficult emotions while also providing an opportunity for you to release your emotions in a positive and constructive way. Your therapist should be someone you can trust and with whom you are comfortable sharing personal or embarrassing things. A. Turn to professional aid. B. Challenge your negative emotions. C. Often, you feel emotions as a communication system. D. However, it’s vital to listen to your emotions in beneficial ways. E. Consider their emotional experience and recognize how they feel. F. Reflect on how your body reacts when you notice an emotion coming through. G. It means you allow your thoughts to come and observe them without judgement. 03（2024·安徽黄山·模拟预测） Life is filled with numerous victories and downfalls. 11 Here’s how you can create a new chapter in your life. Draw a Line Mentally Life is going to throw a lot of problems your way, so you need to be mentally prepared for each and every situation. 12 In order to be better than before, you need to leave that guilt and shame in the past and emerge as someone new. The secret here is to never stop trying. Once you stop trying, you are already defeated. Learn From Others It is an effective approach to find people that have gone through the same trials as you have. 13 They can assist you better since they know the hardships. Always seek out people who are truly free of their issues, as they will be able to help you genuinely. Do What Actually Works 14 Don’t follow the path to anger and destroy what is good for you. Actively engaging in battles and struggles can be challenging, but being stuck in pain and self-resentment will be even harder. Picture your goals in your mind and take sensible steps towards them with each passing day. 15 Let nothing stand in your way. A. What truly matters is how you react to them. B. You can learn from their experiences and successes. C. Live in reality and make wise choices for yourself. D. Find those who have successfully overcome similar challenges. E. In such situations, drawing a mental line can be helpful. F. Nothing should prevent you from achieving your dreams and goals. G. It is essential to stay positive and focused on what brings you joy. 04（2024·云南西双版纳·模拟预测） Most of us get distracted with push notifications (通知), text messages and phone calls. With so much going on, it can be very difficult to stay focused, but it’s not impossible. Turn Off Alerts (提醒) Constant notifications and text messages are every college student’s enemy. 16 Close unnecessary tabs on your computer. You can fight online distractions by blocking or hiding time-wasting websites and apps. Break Down Your Work into Smaller Tasks If you’re having a difficult time studying or getting work done, break up your time effectively. 17 Studies show that taking breaks can help you retain information and increase productivity. Find the Right Place to Do Work Some students work best with a little background noise, while others need complete quiet. 18 Are you the kind of person who works better in silence at the library? Or do you prefer the campus coffee shop with noise? Try a few different spaces and see how each study session works out. Clear Your Desk Is your desk covered with stacks of papers? Is your computer monitor framed with layers of sticky notes? 19 A messy workspace can keep you from getting your work done. Go through your desk and keep only the essentials. A clean workspace can help reduce anxiety and make room for motivation. Reward Yourself 20 Setting up a reward system is a good way to encourage yourself to do something. For example, if you finish an essay without any distractions, give yourself a reward like watching a TV show or taking a nap. A. Everyone likes to be quiet. B. If so, it’s time to get organised. C. A little motivation can go a long way. D. Never put off what you can do today until tomorrow. E. Put your phone on silent or in “Do Not Disturb” mode. F. Get to know your work style and the type of atmosphere you prefer. G. Try giving yourself a 10-minute break for every 45－50 minutes of work you do. $$《2024年高考英语新课标卷真题深度解析与考后提升》 专题06 阅读七选五（新课标I卷）解析版 (专家评价+全文翻译+三年真题+词汇变式+满分策略+话题变式) 目录 一、原题呈现 P2 二、答案解析 P2 三、专家评价 P3 四、全文翻译 P3 五、词汇变式 P4 (一)考纲词汇词形转换 P4 (二)考纲词汇识词知意 P4 (三)高频短语积少成多 P5 (四)语篇单句填空 P5 (五)长难句分析 P6 六、三年真题 P6 (一)2023年新课标I卷阅读七选五篇 P6 (二)2022年新课标I卷阅读七选五篇 P8 (三)2021年新课标I卷阅读七选五篇 P10 七、满分策略（阅读七选五） P11 八、话题变式 P14 变式一：英语学习工具、英语词典、学习体验6篇 P14 变式二：七选五段中设空做题三大技巧6例4篇 P22 ( 一 原题呈现 ) 阅读七选五关键词: 说明文；人与自我；英语词典；英语学习体验；语言学习；学习工具；保护语言 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it’s vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿). 36 No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly. I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker. 37 Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I’m old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus. 38 It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced. In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it’s not exactly short. It contains around 163,000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. 39 However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there’s nothing better. For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson’s Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755. “To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work,” wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of “dull”. 40 A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience. A. I don’t often use this dictionary. B. It takes no account of the context. C. But I still don’t want to replace them. D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling. F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. G. Dictionaries don’t always give you enough information. ( 二答案解析 ) 【答案】36. F 37. B 38. E 39. A 40. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者使用英语词典的经验和心得以及从中获得的乐趣。 36. F 空白处前一句提到提交完美、专业呈现的原稿对于出版的重要性，后一句讲的是“编辑不太可能容忍不愿花心思把单词拼写正确的作家”。F 项是对上文的进一步解释，指出提交完美原稿的要求是良好的语法和没有拼写错误。由此可知，F 项符合语境。 37. B 空白处前一句提到作者不相信笔记本电脑的拼写检查程序。B 项“它不考虑上下文”是对作者不相信拼写检查程序原因的解释，由此可知，B 项符合语境。 38. E 这段话主要讲述字典的多重作用和功能。空白处后提到字典可以提供每个词的精确定义、发音等信息，由此可知，E 项“当然，字典不仅仅是为了(查) 拼写”符合语境。与“It should give …”、“It will also …”是顺承关系。 39. A 空白前提到作者拥有的the Shorter Oxford Dictionary 包含了大量的词汇，词的组合和习惯用语。空白处后一句由However 引出作者使用the Shorter Oxford Dictionary 的情况，A 项“我并不经常使用这本词典”与后文“然而，如果需要查词的起源或了解其用法的例子，没有比《牛津英语大词典（简编本）》更好的了”形成转折关系，由此可知，A 项符合语境。 40. D 空白前提到编写字典是一项乏味的工作，空白处后一句讲的是“稍微花几分钟阅读一两页的内容可以是一种有益的体验”，与空白前的内容形成转折关系，由此可知，D 项“但读字典却可以是一种乐趣”符合语境，pleasure与dull 形成了对比。 ( 三专家评价 ) 结合生活实际，强调学用融合互促 2024年高考英语命题选取贴近学生学习和生活实际的语篇，通过设置真实易懂的试题情境，考查学生运用英语进行日常交际以及使用英语解决实际问题的能力，引导学生理解并掌握学以致用、以用促学的方法，提高英语学习效率。听力部分设置了日常对话、电话访谈、专题讨论、主持发言、通知报告等常见场景，话题包括大学入学、校园活动、天气情况、交通方式、课后作业等，易于考生带入情境、理解材料。新课标Ⅰ卷阅读七选五选取的语篇介绍了作者使用英语词典的经验、心得与乐趣，引导学生在日常学习和运用英语的过程中充分利用好各类词典。新课标Ⅱ卷阅读第二节选取的语篇围绕过度旅游的问题进行探讨并给出应对建议，利用社会热点话题引导学生关注现实生活中的问题并思考解决办法。【中国考试·教育部教育考试院】 ( 四 全文翻译 处 ) 并非所有伟大的作家都是拼写高手。如果你想出版作品，提交一份完美的、专业的原稿是至关重要的。  36   。没有一个编辑会容忍一个不花力气去正确拼写单词的作者。 我在办公桌上放了两本参考书。我并不信任我笔记本电脑的拼写检查功能。 37 。当然，现在有大量的在线词典和同义词词典，但我很老套，更喜欢精装书和用手指翻阅的书页。我使用《简明牛津词典》和《柯林斯词典》。 38 。它应该给你每个单词提供精确定义，从而将其与其他意思相似但不完全相同的单词区分开来。它通常还会显示单词的发音。 此外，我还有一本旧的两卷本的《简编牛津词典》，是几年前在书店以99便士的价格买到的。当然，它多达2672页，并没那么精简。它包含大约163，000个单词，还有各类单词组合和惯用短语。 39  。然而，如果我需要检查一个单词的词源或查找其用法的例句，没有什么比这本更好用的了。 一百多年来，最有影响力的英语词典是1755年出版的Samuel Johnson的英语词典。“编字典是一件乏味的工作，”约翰逊写道，这是对“乏味”这个单词的定义的示例。 40  。花几分钟时间浏览一两页会是一种有益的体验。 A.我不经常使用这本词典。 B.它没有考虑上下文。 C.但我还是不想换掉他们。 D.但是读字典可以是一种享受。 E.当然，字典不仅仅是用来拼写的。 F. 这意味着良好的语法和没有拼写错误。 G.字典并不总是给你足够的信息。 ( 五词汇变式 ) 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 一、考纲词汇词形转换 1. professional adj 专业的→professionally adv 专业地 2. define vt 下定义→definition n 释义； 3. combine vt 组合→combination n 组合； 4. use vt 使用→usage n 用法； 5. influence n.影响→influential adj 有影响力的； 6.reward vt 犒劳→rewarding adj 有意义的； 7. idiom n. 成语→ idiomatic adj. 成语的 二、考纲词汇识词知意 第一组：高频单词 1. submit v 提交； 2. professionally adv 专业地； 3. present v 呈现； 4. tolerate v 容忍； 5. laptop n 笔记本电脑； 6. precise adj 精确的，准确的； 7. definition n 释义； 8. identical adj 完全相同的； 9. combination n 组合； 10. usage n 用法； 11. influential adj 有影响力的； 12. illustrate v 说明，解释； 13. rewarding adj 有意义的； 14. context n 上下文 第二组：低频单词 15. spellchecker n拼写检查程序； 16. old-fashioned adj（人）守旧的； 17. hard cover n 硬皮书； 18. differentiate v 区分，区别； 19. two-volume adj 两卷的，两册的； 20. idiomatic adj. 成语的 三、高频短语积少成多 1. a great speller 拼写能力强的人； 2. take the trouble to do sth不辞辛劳地做某事； 3. reference books 参考书； 4. leaf through 匆匆翻阅，浏览； 5. pick up （碰巧或廉价地）买到； 6. idiomatic phrases 习惯用语； 7. cast your eye over sth 迅速检查（浏览）某物； 8. take account of 把……考虑进去 9. leaf through 浏览 四、核心考点单句填空 1. Not all great writers are great ____________(speller). That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. 2. If you want to be published, it’s vital to submit a perfect, ____________(professional) presented manuscript (原稿). 3. No editor is likely ____________(tolerate) a writer who does not take the trouble ____________(spell) words correctly. 4. I keep two ____________(refer) books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). 5. I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker. It ____________(take) no account of the context. 6. Of course, these days there ____________(be) plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I’m old-fashioned enough ____________(prefer) a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus. 7. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling. It will also usually show how the word ____________(pronounce). 8. It should give you a precise ____________(define) of each word, thus differentiating it ____________other words ____________whose meanings are similar, but not identical. 9. In addition, I have ____________ old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, ____________(pick) up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. 10. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it’s not ____________(exact) short. It contains around 163,000 words, plus word combinations and ____________(idiom) phrases. 11. I don’t often use this dictionary. ____________, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look ____________ examples of its usage, there’s nothing better. 12. For well over a hundred years the most ____________(influence) English dictionary was Samuel Johnson’s Dictionary of the English Language ____________(publish) in 1755. 13. “To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work,” wrote Johnson, ____________(illustrate) one definition of “dull”. 14. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. A few minutes spent ____________(cast) your eye over a page or two can be a ____________(reward) experience. 【参考答案】 1. spellers 2. professionally 3. to tolerate, to spell 4. reference 5. takes 6. are, to prefer 7. is pronounced 8. definition, from 9. an, picked 10. exactly, idiomatic 11. However, up 12. influential, published 13. illustrating 14. casting, rewarding 五、长难句分析 1. It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. 【翻译】它应该给你每个单词一个准确的定义，从而将其与其他含义相似但不相同的单词区分开来。 【分析】这是一个复杂的复合句，whose meanings are similar, but not identical是定语从句，修饰先行词words; thus differentiating it from other words是现在分词短语短语作结果状语。 2. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. 【翻译】汀达尔说，查理心脏病发作后，她准备让他入睡，但法伯的治疗大大减轻了她的狗的痛苦，她能够让它再活五个月。 【分析】这是一个复杂的主从复合句，After Charlie had a heart attack是after引导的时间状语从句；主体部分是but连接的并列句；but部分又包含so…that…引导的结果状语从句。 ( 六三年真题 ) 【2023年新课标I卷阅读七选五】 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Personal Forgiveness Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. 16 You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this. In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” 17 Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of. At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. 18 You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. 19 That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time. It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. 20 We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow. A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way. B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself. C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise. D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness. E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it. F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down. G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality. 【答案】16. D17. B18. F19. C20. G 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章鼓励人们练习自我宽恕，并提供了一个简单的写作练习来增强自信。通过列出个人的优点和善良的行为，人们可以学会原谅自己的错误，并从中成长。 16.根据空前内容“Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human.(为错误承担责任是积极的一步，但不要因此而自责。人孰能无过。)”可知，作者认为人都会犯错，勇于承担责任固然重要，但是也不要因此而过于自责。结合空后“You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.(你可以使用下面的写作练习来帮助你做到这一点。)”中的“do this”以及下文内容可推断，空处应该内容和“不要太自责”相似。选项D“It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.(宽恕自己也同样重要。)”与“不要太自责”语意相近，起承上启下的作用。故选D。 17.根据空前内容“In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths. ”(在日记或纸上写上“个人优点”。)”以及空后内容“Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.(你有爱心吗？有创造力吗？你慷慨吗？是一个好的倾听者？与人相处很有趣吗？它们不一定要改变世界，只要你个性中让你感到自豪的方面就行。)”可知，空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。选项B“Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.(现在列出所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点。)”符合上下文内容，下文内容具体解释那些是优点。故选B。 18.根据上文内容“At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day.(在第二页的顶部，写上“善举”的标题。在这张单子上，列出你为别人做过的所有积极的事情。它可能是当你帮助朋友做作业的时候，当你没有被要求却主动熨衣服的时候，或者当你在家人累了一天之后烤饼干的时候。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。选项F“Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.(不管是什么，不管它看起来有多小，都要把它写下来。)”与上文内容一致，讲述的是不管你所做的事情不管有多小，只要是好的事情，都记下来。故选F。 19.根据空后内容“That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through.(这样，你们就可以交换意见，谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同，以及你们个性中闪光的方面。)”可知，空处提到了某种方式，这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。选项C“They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.(他们甚至可能想试一试做练习。)”符合语境，C项中的“they”与空前的“You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list.(你可以让朋友或家人帮你增加你的列表内容。)”中的“a friend or family member”保持一致，同时选项C和下文“In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.(事实上，不要等到你犯了错误才去尝试这个——这是一个在任何时候都能增强自信的好方法。)”中的“this”一致。故选C。 20.根据空前内容“It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true.(大多数人不是从他们的成功中学习，而是从他们的错误中学习，这是陈词滥调。但事实是，这是真的。)”可知，作者认为人是从错误中学习。选项G“Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.(不管你犯了什么错误，记住这不是你性格中固定的一面。)”符合语境，G项中的“isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality”和空后内容“We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.(我们一直在改变和学习，错误是一种积极的发展和成长的方式。)”保持一致，指的都是犯错并不是性格中固有的一面，我们是通过错误来成长。故选G。 【2022年新课标I卷阅读七选五】 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people. However, the process can be made easier if you learn to practice three simple techniques. 36 When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. Stay loose and free. 37 Don’t worry about grammar or spelling. Even though this technique won’t work for everyone, it helps many people get a good store of ideas to draw on. The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect. 38 Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄皱) paper. Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungle—as part of an exploration, not as a complete highway. The third technique is to try printing out a triple—spaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision. 39 As a result, these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks (大块) of their draft and writing revisions in the blank space. After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes into your word processor. 40 The resulting blank space invites you to revise. A. Make sure your handwriting is neat. B. Let your pen follow the waves of thought. C. The second draft of the essay should be better. D. First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing. E. Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time. F. Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise. G. Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space. 【答案】36. D 37. B 38. E 39. F 40. G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是写文章的技巧。 36. D。空格处是本段的主题句，由空后的“When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper.(当你第一次想写一篇文章的时候，把笔放在纸上，不间断地写10到15分钟，不要让笔离开纸。)”可知，本段主要讲的是要学会不间断地写，D选项“First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing.(首先，学习不间断写作的技巧。)”概括了本段的主要内容，可作为主题句，故选D。 37. B。空前说“Stay loose and free.(保持宽松和自由。)”，空后说“Don’t worry about grammar or spelling.(不要担心语法和拼写。)”，因此空格处应说按心里想的写，自由发挥，B选项“Let your pen follow the waves of thought.(让你的笔跟随思想的波浪。)”说明了按自己的思路和想法来写，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选B。 38. E。空前说“The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect.(下一个技巧是快速写草稿，不要担心是否完美。)”，空后说“Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄皱) paper.(然而，通过学习与不完美共存，你将避免自己的头痛和一个装满皱巴巴的废纸篓。)”，E选项“Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time.(太多的作家试图在第一次就把草稿写好。)”中的“get their drafts”和上文的“write your draft”相呼应，说明了有很多人想一次就写好，这是不合理的，要学会允许不完美的存在，因此E选项承上启下，符合语境，故选E。 39. F。空前说“The third technique is to try printing out a triple—spaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision.(第三种方法是打印出三倍行距的副本，以便有修改的空间。)”，F选项“Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise.(许多初来乍到的作者没有留出足够的修改空间。)”中的“revise”和前面的“revision”一致，指出了新手作者的常见做法，且其中的“Many beginning writers”和后文的“these writers”相互呼应，因此F选项承上启下，符合语境，故选F。 40. G。空前说“After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes into your word processor.(当你修改你的草稿，直到它太乱以至于无法继续工作，你可以把你的修改输入到你的文字处理器中。)”，空后说“The resulting blank space invites you to revise.(由此产生的空白允许您修改。)”，因此空格处应说输入到文字处理器后应该做什么，G选项“Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space.(然后你可以打印一份新的草稿，同样将文本设置为三倍行距。)”说的是输入到你的文字处理器后的做法，其中的“triple-space”和后文的“The resulting blank space”相呼应，因此G选项承上启下，符合语境，故选G。 【2021年新课标I卷阅读七选五】 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 My husband and I just spent a week in Paris. 36 So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard. It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway. The place wasn’t entirely authentic, though. Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing (水管) worked. 37 Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said, “Ouverture des portes,” in perfect French. That is the only French phrase I mastered, and it’s a shame I don’t have much use for it. Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight. 38 French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs. 39 On our first morning in Paris, I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18! In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency (效率). You can tell this by café life. French cafés are always crowded. 40 When do these people work? The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously — so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call. A. Not all the customers are tourists. B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent. C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed. D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers. E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do. F. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians. G. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy. 【答案】36-40 FCGEA 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者和丈夫在巴黎待了一段时间了解到的法国人的一些生活习惯。 36.下文“So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard.(所以我们做的第一件事就是租了一个非常昂贵公寓，在第六层，只有一个橱柜那么大)”说明作者和丈夫采取行动，租了昂贵的公寓，F项“我们的目标是看看我们是否在某种程度上能像真正的巴黎人那样生活。”说明作者和丈夫租昂贵公寓的原因，引出下文，符合题意。故选F项。 37.上文“Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing worked.(与普通的巴黎公寓不同，水管工作正常)”说明作者租的公寓的情况，C项“有一个漂亮的厨房和一张舒适的床”继续说明公寓的配置，承接上文，符合题意。故选C项。 38.下文“French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.(法国草莓尝起来不像纸板。相反，它们会像小炸弹一样在你嘴里爆炸)”说明法国的草莓很美味，G项中delicious是关键词，G项“食物是如此美味，你不需要吃太多就能使你快乐”引出下文，符合题意。故选G项。 39.下文“My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18!(我丈夫和我都认为这是我们吃过的最好的水果。但它们要18美元!)”说明法国的水果好吃但是很贵，E项“这并不是法国人吃得比我们少的唯一原因”承接上文法国人吃的少但是不胖的话题，并引出下文，说明法国人吃的少的另一个原因“物价昂贵”。故选E项。 40.上文“In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency (效率). You can tell this by cafés life. French cafés are always crowded. (在法国生活质量比效率更重要。这一点你能从咖啡馆生活看出来。法国的咖啡厅总是很拥挤)”说明了法国人会去咖啡馆，认为生活质量比效率更重要，以及下文“When do these people work?(这些人什么时候工作？)”说明咖啡馆中的顾客有法国人，A项中customer符合咖啡馆的情境设定，A项“并不是所有的顾客都是游客。”承上启下，符合题意。故选A项。 ( 七满分策略 ) 阅读七选五满分策略 七选五六大方略 高中英语阅读七选五题型要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握，并具备运用语法知识分析理解长难句的能力。可以说，此题型是对语言能力和阅读理解能力的综合测试。 从近五年七选五全国卷来看，说明文为主，几乎每年必考，应引起足够重视。 方略一 | 略读文章抓大意 以最快的速度跳跃式地浏览文章的大小标题、首段、每段的首句，以及表示句、段关系的连接性词语(特别是however, but等后的内容)等重要部分，以了解文章的基本结构和内容大意。事实上，一般只需花5～10秒阅读大小标题和第一段首尾句即可。 方略二 | 重点阅读上下句 因为正确选项必定会与上下句之间语义衔接、逻辑通顺，解题时大多只看上句，或只看下句，就可基本确定答案。事实上，如果没有时间来得及通读或细读，或者基础不够扎实即使读也读不懂，建议通过以下技巧，也基本上可以得满分。 方略三 | 看看结构变轻松 在解题过程中，除了每做一道有把握的题后就在7个选项中将其画掉缩小范围外，通过观察语言结构也可将选择范围大大缩小，心情变得更加轻松，一般可将7个选项缩小到2～4个选项，碰对的机率大大提高。 方略四 | 词语复现显神功 作者或说话人在谈论某个话题或主题时，与主题相关的词语必定会以原词、同义词或近义词等形式在上下文中重复出现，这种现象叫词语复现。同一个词的重复出现叫原词复现；以同义词的形式重复出现，叫同义复现；以近义词或近义表达(意思相近，表达方式不同)的形式重复出现，叫近义复现；以词义相同而词性不同的形式重复出现，叫同根复现。还有上义词与下义词的复现(adult是teacher, parent的上义词，而teacher, parent就是adult的下义词)。 方略五 | 代词逻辑亦管用 我们知道，七选五就是考查上下文之间的衔接，而代词是语篇衔接的重要手段之一，故解题中要善于利用这一衔接手段。 方略六 | 篇章需要基本功 有的题利用文章或段落的“总—分”结构关系来解，也很管用，但需要以下基本功：懂得整篇文章的基本结构或段落的语篇结构通常是主题句(总)+支撑句(分)(分述主题的具体内容/说明原因/举例证明等)。 七选五十大解题技巧 技巧一 | 从细节逻辑上判断——因果关系 在做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子，明白这几句话的确切意思，然后根据意思的连贯性或逻辑性从选项中选取正确答案。在读懂意思的基础上，判断它们之间的关系来进一步确认答案。 因果关系主要指前后的句子有着原因和结果之间的关系，这种关系往往说明了前因后果或者前果后因等情况。表示因果关系的连词有as a result结果，thus/therefore因此，so (such)...如此……以至于等。 技巧二 | 从细节逻辑上判断——转折关系 转折关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句构成逆转逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很有可能是个转折逻辑的句子。表示转折关系的连接词有：however然而等。 技巧三 | 从细节逻辑上判断——例证关系 前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式多样，但就其本质而言无非是思维上的形象（例子、类比等）和抽象（观点）的辩证关系，用到的思维过程无非就是基本的归纳（从例子到观点）和推理（从观点到例子）。 技巧四 | 从细节逻辑上判断——递进关系 递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的层进关系，则空格处很有可能是个递进的句子。表示递进关系的连词有：also也, 而且, further另外(的), furthermore而且，此外等。 技巧五 | 从细节逻辑上判断——平列关系 表示列举关系的有：firstly第一, 首先secondly第二, thirdly第三in the first place第一，首先for one thing首先等。 技巧六 | 从词汇线索上判断——代词指代 英语表达中的代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。 技巧七 | 从词汇线索上判断——同义词/近义词 英语前言后语之间往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使用，这是我们解题的一个很好的判断线索。其实就其本质而言，上文讲的代词和下文将涉及的上下义词和同一范畴词都是特殊的同义/近义词。 技巧八 | 从词汇线索上判断——同畴词 上下义词和同一范畴词就是前者包含了后者，或可以说后者是前者的一个子集。利用前后句中这样的特殊的同义关系常常可以很轻松地解题 技巧九 | 从试题位置上判断——问题在段首 假如问题出现在段首，它通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间会有某种的衔接手段，尤其当选项是几句话时。 技巧十 | 从试题位置上判断——问题在段尾 所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。分析与前文是转折或是对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。 如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词。 段尾通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。 ( 八话题变式-名校好题再练 ) 变式一：英语学习工具、英语词典、学习体验 01（23-24高三上·河南省焦作·二模） A dictionary is a book which explains the meanings of words. The words are put in order. 1 The word “dictionary” comes from the Latin “dictio” (saying). 2 They include dictionaries which explain words and how they are used, dictionaries which translate words from one language into another, dictionaries of biography which tell about famous people, and so on. Dictionaries which explain what words mean will give a clear “definition (定义)” of a word. Good dictionaries will also give more information about the word. They will explain how it is pronounced. Usually the International Phonetic Alphabet is used for this. 3 This is not a problem for a word like “hippopotamus”, but a word like “put” has so many different meanings that a large dictionary may have a whole page or more to explain how it can be used. There are also dictionaries which translate words into foreign languages. When using a dictionary to find out how to say something in another language, one has to be careful to choose the right word. A word like “right” has two basic meanings in English: The first meaning is “correct”, and the second is “the opposite of left”. 4 They will have different words for these different meanings. 5 You may wonder why. That’s because new words are often brought into a language or words that may change their meanings. The most famous English Dictionary is the Oxford English Dictionary (OED). Words are always being added to the OED. A. You can buy all kinds of dictionaries. B. There are several types of dictionaries. C. In this way they can be found quickly. D. Words are never taken out of the OED. E. Dictionaries need to be renewed frequently. F. Also, they will explain how the word is used. G. However, other languages are not like English. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. F 4. G 5. E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了词典的功能、类型、内容、使用注意点和需常更新等信息。 1. 前文“A dictionary is a book which explains the meanings of words. The words are put in order. (词典是解释词义的书。这些词是按顺序排列的)”介绍词典的用处，说明词的排列规则，因此C项“In this way they can be found quickly. (这样就可以很快地找到它们)”符合语境，说明这样排列的好处，承接前文。故选C。 2. 空处位于段首，需引出段落内容。后文“They include dictionaries which explain words and how they are used, dictionaries which translate words from one language into another, dictionaries of biography which tell about famous people, and so on. (它们包括解释单词及其用法的词典，将单词从一种语言翻译成另一种语言的词典，讲述名人传记的词典，等等)”具体介绍了词典的类型，因此B项“There are several types of dictionaries. (词典有几种类型)”符合语境，点明词典有不同类型，引出后文。故选B。 3. 前文“Dictionaries which explain what words mean will give a clear “definition (定义)” of a word. Good dictionaries will also give more information about the word. They will explain how it is pronounced. (解释单词含义的词典会给出一个单词的清晰“定义”。好的词典也会给出更多关于这个词的信息。它们会解释这个词的发音)”说明词典包含的内容：定义、更多信息、发音，因此F项“Also, they will explain how the word is used. (此外，他们还会解释这个词的用法)”符合语境，说明词典还提供词的用法，承接前文。故选F。 4. 前文“When using a dictionary to find out how to say something in another language, one has to be careful to choose the right word. A word like “right” has two basic meanings in English: The first meaning is “correct”, and the second is “the opposite of left”. (在用词典查找另一种语言如何说某物时，必须小心选择正确的单词。像“right”这样的单词在英语中有两个基本意思：第一个意思是“正确的”，第二个意思是“与左相反的”)”用英语中“right”这个单词说明用这种词典时需小心选择单词，后文“They will have different words for these different meanings. (它们会用不同的词来表达这些不同的意思)”解释小心选择的原因，因此G项“However, other languages are not like English. (然而，其他语言不像英语)”符合语境，点明其他语言和英语的差异，承前启后，其中的other languages是后文They指代的内容。故选G。 5. 空处位于段首，需引出段落内容。后文“You may wonder why. That’s because new words are often brought into a language or words that may change their meanings. (你可能想知道为什么。这是因为新词经常被引入一门语言，或者可能会改变它们的意思)”用新词的引入和词义的改变解释了一个事情的原因，因此E项“Dictionaries need to be renewed frequently. (词典需要经常更新)”符合语境，点明词典需要常更新，与后文的解释呼应。故选E。 02（23-24高三下·黑龙江哈尔滨·阶段练习） The Oxford English Dictionary includes more than 170,000 English entries (词条). Luckily, you don’t need to learn so many words. But as a foreign language learner, you have to learn a certain number of words to communicate effectively. 6 The following are the most important ones. Narrow it down. The first step is to identify what you want to focus on and set goals. 7 Perhaps you want to read about soccer or learn how to cook like a native chef. The best leaners are motivated to study because they choose vocabulary based on their interests and needs. 8 They refer to the most widely used words in any kind of speech or writing. Generally, there are four categories of words in any language: high-frequency words, academic words, technical words and low-frequency words. 9 These are the words people use most in everyday writing and speech, so learning them can make you understand what you hear and respond appropriately. An online search for the phrase “the most common words in X language” can help you identify a list of high-frequency words to focus on. Seek out opportunities to use new words. Learning the vocabulary involves two processes: to be able to recognize a word and to use it. We typically learn to recognize words in writing or speech before we’re able to use them. It takes additional, concentrated practice to learn a new word. 10 Such opportunities include writing emails to and chatting with native speakers. A. Divide words into different categories. B. Focus on the most common words. C. If you have a strong interest in a particular subject, start with that. D. You will learn new words better if you speak rather than simply read them. E. With some strategies, you can learn faster and more easily than you have imagined. F. High-frequency words help to quickly improve your ability to communicate. G. That’s why it’s important to find out more chances of productive language practice. 【答案】6. E 7. C 8. B 9. F 10. G 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一些语言学习策略，能让我们更快、更容易地学习一门语言。 6. 根据上文“But as a foreign language learner, you have to learn a certain number of words to communicate effectively. (但作为一名外语学习者，你必须学习一定数量的单词才能有效地进行交流。)”可知，上文告诉我们作为一名外语学习者，我们必须学习一定数量的单词，E项意为“有了一些策略，你可以比你想象的更快、更容易地学习。”能够承接上文，我们必须学习一定数量的单词，有了一些策略，我们可以更快、更容易地学习，且能引起下文，下文介绍了具体的学习策略。故选E。 7. 根据上文“The first step is to identify what you want to focus on and set goals. (第一步是确定你想专注于什么并设定目标。)”可知，上文告诉我们应该首先确定我们要专注学习哪类词汇，C项意为“如果你对某个特定的主题有强烈的兴趣，那就从这个开始。”能够承接上文，告诉我们如何确定我们要专注学习哪类词汇，如果你对某个特定的主题有强烈的兴趣，那就首先专注学习那类词汇。故选C。 8. 根据下文“They refer to the most widely used words in any kind of speech or writing.  (它们指的是在任何一种演讲或写作中使用最广泛的单词。)”可知，上文介绍的应该是一种在演讲或写作中使用最广泛的单词，B项意为“关注最常用的单词。”能够引起下文，我们应该关注最常用的单词，而最常用的单词指的是在演讲或写作中使用最广泛的单词。故选B。 9. 根据下文“These are the words people use most in everyday writing and speech, so learning them can make you understand what you hear and respond appropriately.  (这些是人们在日常写作和演讲中使用最多的单词，因此学习它们可以让你理解你听到的内容并做出适当的回应。)”可知，上文介绍的应该是人们在日常写作和演讲中使用最多的单词，也就是高频词，F项意为“高频词有助于快速提高你的沟通能力。”能够引起下文，下文介绍了高频词是人们在日常写作和演讲中使用最多的单词，学习它们可以让你理解你听到的内容并做出适当的回应，从而快速提高你的沟通能力。故选F。 10. 根据上文“It takes additional, concentrated practice to learn a new word. (学习一个新词需要额外的集中练习。)”可知，上文告诉我们要想学会一个新单词，需要额外的集中练习，G项意为“这就是为什么找到更多有成效的语言练习机会很重要。”能够承接上文，正因为学习一个新词需要额外的集中练习，所以找到更多有成效的语言练习机会很重要。故选G。 03（23-24高三上·辽宁·期中） English is an excellent language to learn, whether it’s for business, travel or personal reasons. Improving spoken English is usually what most English learners need to seek advice for. Here are some useful ways to help you. Speak a little English every day. The best way to learn any new language is just to speak it. Don’t wait until you “feel more comfortable” speaking in English — you probably won’t reach that level for a long time. 11 You’ll be amazed at how quickly your language skills improve. 12 Pay particular attention to any sounds that you are unfamiliar with or that do not exist in your native tongue. For example some people have difficulty pronouncing the “r” sound, as it does not exist in their native language. Be aware that the pronunciation of certain English words varies greatly depending on the part of the world it’s spoken in. 13 If you intend to travel to or live in an English-speaking country, this is something you should take into account when learning how to pronounce certain words. Attend an English class or discussion group. A class will teach you the grammatically correct way of speaking — which includes proper sentence structure and verb conjugation and will generally provide a very structured approach to language learning. 14 This setting can help you to become more comfortable with speaking in front of other people. Both of these language-learning settings have their pros and cons, so it’s best to do both if you can! Carry a dictionary. Carrying an English dictionary with you at all times. 15 Having a dictionary means that you will never be stuck for a word. It can save you a lot of embarrassment if you’re having a conversation with an English-speaker and forget a word in the middle of the sentence—all you have to do is take a second to look it up! A. Ignore your pronunciation. B. Work on your pronunciation. C. Referring to a dictionary is usually forbidden in an exam. D. Whether it’s an actual book or a phone app can be very useful. E. For example, American English is very different from British English. F. Attending a discussion group is a more informal and relaxed way of learning English. G. Therefore, push yourself outside of your comfort zone and start speaking English today. 【答案】11. G 12. B 13. E 14. F 15. D 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了提高英语口语水平的一些有用的方法与建议。 11. 根据此空处上一句“Don’t wait until you “feel more comfortable” speaking in English — you probably won’t reach that level for a long time.（不要等到你觉得说英语“更舒服”时才开口——你可能要很长一段时间才能达到那个水平。）”可知，作者建议我们不要等舒适区，要跳出来从现在开始，这与G选项“Therefore, push yourself outside of your comfort zone and start speaking English today.（因此，从今天开始，逼自己走出舒适区，开始说英语吧。）”相符。故选G项。 12. 根据此空处后一句“Pay particular attention to any sounds that you are unfamiliar with or that do not exist in your native tongue.（特别注意那些你不熟悉的或者母语中没有的发音。）”可知，本段主题是介绍发音问题，与选项B符合。故选B项。 13. 根据此空处前一句“Be aware that the pronunciation of certain English words varies greatly depending on the part of the world it’s spoken in.（要知道，某些英语单词的发音因其使用地区的不同而有很大差异。）”可知，这里是介绍地区不同发音有所差别。故E选项“For example, American English is very different from British English.”是对前一句的举例论证。故选E项。 14. 根据此空处后一句“Attend an English class or discussion group. A class will teach you the grammatically correct way of speaking — which includes proper sentence structure and verb conjugation and will generally provide a very structured approach to language learning.（参加英语课或小组讨论。这门课将教会你正确的语法说话方式，包括正确的句子结构和动词变位，这将为语言学习提供一个非常结构化的方法。）”可知，这里是在介绍两种方法，除英语课外只有讨论组需要介绍了。F选项“Attending a discussion group is a more informal and relaxed way of learning English.（参加讨论组是一种更非正式和轻松的学习英语的方式。）”符合要求。故选F项。 15. 根据此空处前一句“Carrying an English dictionary with you at all times.（随身携带一本英语词典。）”可知，D选项“Whether it’s an actual book or a phone app can be very useful.（无论是一本书还是一个手机应用程序都非常有用。）”是对其进一步解释，符合逻辑。故选D项。 04（23-24高三上·山西晋城·阶段练习） The Oxford English Dictionary includes more than 170,000 English entries. Luckily, you don’t need to learn so many words. But as a foreign language learner, you have to learn a certain number of words to communicate effectively. 16 The following are the most important ones. Narrow it down. The first step is to identify what you want to focus on and set goals. 17 Perhaps you want to read about soccer or learn how to cook like a native chef. The best learners are motivated to study because they choose vocabulary based on their interests and needs. 18 The most common words are the most widely used words in any kind of speech or writing. Generally, there are four categories of words in any language: high-frequency words, academic words, technical words and low-frequency words. 19 These are the words people use most in everyday writing and speech, so learning them can make you understand what you hear and respond appropriately. An online search for the phrase “the most common words in X language” can help you identify a list of high-frequency words to focus on. Seek out opportunities to use new words. Learning the vocabulary involves two processes: to be able to recognize a word and to use it. We typically learn to recognize words in writing or speech before we’re able to use them. It takes additional, concentrated practice to learn a new word. 20 Such opportunities include writing emails to and chatting with native speakers. A. Divide words into different categories. B. Figure out what the most common words are and focus on them. C. If you have a strong interest in a particular subject, start with that. D. You will learn new words better if you speak rather than simply reading them. E. With some strategies, you can learn faster and more easily than you have imagined. F. High-frequency words help to quickly improve your ability to communicate. G. That’s why it’s important to find out more chances of productive language practice. 【答案】16. E 17. C 18. B 19. F 20. G 【分析】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了几个学习新单词的方法。 16. 根据上文“But as a foreign language learner, you have to learn a certain number of words to communicate effectively. (但是作为一名外语学习者，你必须学习一定数量的单词才能有效地交流。)”可知，本文介绍的是如何学习单词的话题；根据下文“Narrow it down. (缩小范围。)”可知，下文介绍了记忆单词的具体方法，由此可知，空格处应用能够承上启下的句子，E项意为“通过一些策略，你可以比你想象的更快更容易地学习。”选项能够引起下文，下文内容是对选项中的“strategies”的具体介绍。故选E。 17. 根据上文“Narrow it down. The first step is to identify what you want to focus on and set goals. (缩小范围。第一步是确定你想要关注什么并设定目标。)”可知，学习新单词的第一个方法是缩小范围，确定你想要学习什么类型的单词，C项意为“如果你对某一主题有浓厚的兴趣，那就从这个主题开始吧。”选项能够承接上文，是对这个方法的具体解释，先确定你想要学习什么类型的单词，如何确定？选择一个你有兴趣的主题，下文的“soccer”是对选项中“subject”的举例。故选C。 18. 根据下文“The most common words are the most widely used words in any kind of speech or writing. (最常用的词是在任何一种演讲或写作中使用最广泛的词。)”可知，本段内容建议我们学习最常用的词，B项意为“找出最常用的词是什么，并关注它们。”选项能够概括本段要介绍的学习方法，选项中的“the most common words”和下文的“The most common words”相呼应。故选B。 19. 根据上文“Generally, there are four categories of words in any language: high-frequency words, academic words, technical words and low-frequency words. (一般来说，任何语言中都有四类词：高频词、学术词、技术词和低频词。)”和下文“These are the words people use most in everyday writing and speech, so learning them can make you understand what you hear and respond appropriately. (这些是人们在日常写作和演讲中最常用的词汇，因此学习它们可以让你理解你听到的内容并做出恰当的反应。)”可知，上文介绍了四种词汇类型，下文介绍的是人们在日常写作和演讲中最常用的词汇，结合本段内容可知，人们在日常写作和演讲中最常用的词汇应该是高频词，F项意为“高频词有助于快速提高你的沟通能力。”选项能够承接上文并引起下文，选项中的“High-frequency words”和上文的“high-frequency words”相呼应，下文是对高频词重要性的进一步解释。故选F。 20. 根据上文“Seek out opportunities to use new words. Learning the vocabulary involves two processes: to be able to recognize a word and to use it. We typically learn to recognize words in writing or speech before we’re able to use them. It takes additional, concentrated practice to learn a new word. (寻找使用新单词的机会。学习词汇包括两个过程：识别单词和使用单词。我们通常学习在写作或演讲中识别单词，在能够使用它们之前。学习一个新单词需要额外的、集中的练习。)”可知，本段内容告诉我们使用新单词的重要性，我们需要寻找练习新单词的机会，G项意为“这就是为什么寻找更多的机会进行有成效的语言练习是很重要的。”选项能够承接上文，学习新单词需要使用单词，这就是为什么寻找更多的机会进行有成效的语言练习是很重要的。故选G。 05（23-24高三上·山东聊城·期中） The Oxford English Dictionary defines work as the “mental or physical activity as a means of earning income”. Since the industrial revolution, the working world has seen dramatic changes, 21 We could never have dreamed of most of them just decades ago. We are finding new ways to explore our inborn talents and use our knowledge and skills for the good of the world. Yet most of us are operating under an outdated definition of work. We think work should be hard and that it should be a sacrifice. 22 Only powerful and successful people are able to experience the pleasure of working. 23 As a saying goes, “The mind is everything. Whatever you think, you become.” Stanford psychologist Carol Dweek’s research on the power of thinking and a growth mindset provides even more evidence that our realities and futures are greatly shaped by how our minds approach the situation. The next best step is to come up with your own definition of work. Think through the following two questions: 24 How similar or different is your actual day-to-day work to or from your definition? Ask these questions often—not just once. If you want to spend the majority of your time loving what you do and feeling a deep sense of fulfillment, you need to take charge of creating this for yourself. It doesn’t matter whether you are a businessman or a student with a part-time job. 25 A. What is your definition of work? B. New jobs are being created every day. C. Do you understand the definition of work? D. Enjoying work is simply something “nice to have”. E. We are supposed to work hard to satisfy our own need. F. But we must remember that the mind creates the experience. G. You have more power to manage your experience of work than you believe. 【答案】21. B 22. D 23. F 24. A 25. G 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了工作的定义由一个人的思维来决定，因此要提出自己对工作的定义，同时如果想把大部分时间花在热爱你所做的事情上，并感到一种深深的成就感，你需要为自己创造这种成就感。 21. 根据上文Since the industrial revolution, the working world has seen dramatic changes（自从工业革命以来，工作世界每天都在发生着巨大的变化。）可知随着工业革命，工作机会也增多了，每天都在创造新的就业机会。故选B。 22. 结合上文Yet most of us are operating under an outdated definition of work. We think work should be hard and that it should be a sacrifice.（然而，我们大多数人都在一个过时的工作定义下工作。我们认为工作应该是艰苦的，应该是一种牺牲。）以及下文Only powerful and successful people are able to experience the pleasure of working.（只有有权势和成功的人才能体会到工作的乐趣。）可知是在描述个人对工作的感受，故D选项“享受工作只是一种“美好的享受”。”符合上下文语境。故选D。 23. 根据下文As a saying goes, “The mind is everything. Whatever you think, you become.”（俗话说:“思想决定一切。”无论你想什么，你都会成为。”）可知是在强调体验是由思维创造的。故F选项“但我们必须记住，体验是由思维创造的。”符合上下文语境。故选F。 24. 结合上文Think through the following two questions:（思考以下两个问题:）可知下文应为两个关于工作的问题，故A选项“你对工作的定义是什么?”符合上下文语境。故选A。 25. 结合上文If you want to spend the majority of your time loving what you do and feeling a deep sense of fulfillment, you need to take charge of creating this for yourself. It doesn’t matter whether you are a businessman or a student with a part-time job.（如果你想把大部分时间花在热爱你所做的事情上，并感到一种深深的成就感，你需要为自己创造这种成就感。无论你是商人还是做兼职的学生。）可知是在强调发挥自己的思想的作用，思想会决定是否对自己的工作有成就感。故G选项“你有比你想象中更大的力量来掌控你的工作体验。”符合上下文语境，故选G。 06（23-24高三上·山东潍坊·阶段练习） You may think that English dictionaries have been used for many, many centuries. The spelling of English has always been a problem. 26 Then people could spell words in different ways which you might find interesting. But it made reading English much more difficult. So dictionaries were invented to encourage everybody to spell the same. In fact, an English dictionary like the kind you use today wasn’t made until the time of the late Qing Dynasty. 27 They are Samuel Johnson, Noah Webster, and James Murray. These men spent nearly all of their lives trying to collect words for their dictionaries. For them, it was not only a job; it was a wonderful journey of discovery. The largest dictionary in the world is the Oxford English Dictionary, or OED for short. 28 At the age of fourteen, he left his village school in Scotland and taught himself while working in a bank. Later he became a great teacher. After Oxford gave him the job, Murray had a small house built in the garden behind his house to do his work. Part of it was one meter underground. 29 He had to wear a heavy coat and put his feet in a box to keep warm. Every morning, Murray got out of bed at five o'clock and worked several hours before breakfast. 30 Murray hoped to finish the new dictionary in ten years. But after five years, he was still adding words for the letter A! Forty-four years later, in 1928, other editors finished the dictionary. A. In winter it felt like a barn. B. Murray had never been to college. C. He worked on the dictionary until he was very old. D. Often he would work by candle light into the evening. E. But it was more of a problem in the days before a dictionary. F. Three men did most of the important early work on dictionaries. G. The idea of this dictionary came from an important meeting in Britain in 1857. 【答案】26. E 27. F 28. B 29. A 30. D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。你可能认为英文字典已经使用了许多世纪。事实上，现在你们常用的英文字典直到清朝时期才出现。本文介绍了世界上最大的字典《牛津英语词典》的编纂历史。 26. 由上文“The spelling of English has always been a problem. (英语的拼写一直是个问题)”和下文“Then people could spell words in different ways which you might find interesting. (然后人们可以用不同的方式拼写单词，你可能会觉得有趣)”可知，应该是在词典问世前，英语单词拼写是个问题，词典问世后，它才变得有趣，承接上下文，E选项“但在词典问世之前，这更是一个问题。”切题。故选E项。 27. F选项“三个人做了编纂词典前期最重要的大部分工作。”引出下文“They are Samuel Johnson, Noah Webster, and James Murray. These men spent nearly all of their lives trying to collect words for their dictionaries. (他们是塞缪尔·约翰逊、诺亚·韦伯斯特和詹姆斯·默里。这些人几乎一生都在为自己的字典收集单词)”的三位伟大词典编纂者。故选F项。 28. 由下文“At the age of fourteen, he left his village school in Scotland and taught himself while working in a bank. (14岁时，他离开了苏格兰的乡村学校，在一家银行工作时自学成才)”和“After Oxford gave him the job, Murray had a small house built in the garden behind his house to do his work. (牛津大学给了他这份工作后，默里在他房子后面的花园里建了一座小房子来做他的工作)”可知，B选项“默里从未上过大学。”引出下文讲从未上过大学的默里编纂词典的事迹。故选B项。 29. 由上文“After Oxford gave him the job, Murray had a small house built in the garden behind his house to do his work. Part of it was one meter underground. (牛津大学给了他这份工作后，默里在他房子后面的花园里建了一座小房子来做他的工作。房子其中一部分位于地下一米处)”可知，房子其中一部分位于地下一米处，冬天时，房子看起来像谷仓，承接上文，A选项“冬天它感觉像个谷仓。”切题。故选A项。 30. 由上文“Every morning, Murray got out of bed at five o'clock and worked several hours before breakfast. (每天早上，默里五点钟起床，在早餐前工作几个小时)”可知，D选项“他经常在烛光下工作到晚上。”承接上文讲默里编纂词典的辛勤工作。故选D项。 变式二：七选五段中设空做题技巧 考法一：段中瞻前型 从2020到2023年高考考情统计表和高三教学实际来看，段中设空题数量多（2-4题）、难度大（涉及前后句逻辑关系）、区分度好而备受命题者青睐，同时也是考生失分重灾区，务必引起重视。 考例1 (2023•新高考II卷) 40题 As an artist who shares her journey on social media, I’m often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey. Unfortunately, there is no magic list I can offer. I do remember, though, what it was like to be a complete beginner. So I’ve put together some good tips for starting an art journey. … The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. 40 Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life. A. Get out of your comfort zone. B. Make career plans and set goals. C. Don’t throw away your beginner art. D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so. E. You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times. F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role. G. You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition. 37题解题思路： 第一步：观察设空位置特点。 该空明显位于段落中间，属于段中句类型。 第二步：关注段首句和上文。 分析设空处，空处位于段落第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. (你的旅程不会是一条笔直的道路)”以及后文“Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life. (坚持下去，给它时间，付出努力。你将收获艺术生活的回报)”可知，E项“You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times. (你会遇到障碍，有时你会感到气馁)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。 第三步：去伪存真锁定答案。 结合语境，E项“You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times. (你会遇到障碍，有时你会感到气馁)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。故选E项。 考例2 (2021•新高考I卷) 37题 The place wasn’t entirely authentic, though. Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing (水管) worked. 37 Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said, “Ouverture des portes,” in perfect French. That is the only French phrase I mastered, and it’s a shame I don’t have much use for it. A. Not all the customers are tourists. B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent. C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed. D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers. E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do. F. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians. G. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy. 37题解题思路： 第一步：观察设空位置特点。 该空明显位于段落中间，属于段中句类型。 第二步：关注段首句和上文。 上文“Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing worked.(与普通的巴黎公寓不同，水管工作正常)”说明作者租的公寓的情况，C项“有一个漂亮的厨房和一张舒适的床”继续说明公寓的配置，承接上文，符合题意。 第三步：去伪存真锁定答案。 C项“有一个漂亮的厨房和一张舒适的床”继续说明公寓的配置，承接上文，符合题意。故选C项。 考法二：段中顾后型 考例3 (2023•全国乙卷)36题 Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home. 36 , but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory. What’s more, indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive. 37题解题思路： 第一步：观察设空位置特点。 该空明显位于段落中间，属于段中句类型，同时该句并不完整属于残缺句。 第二步：关注段首句和上文。 根据下文“but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory.(而且研究表明，它们可以通过改善情绪、减轻压力和帮助增强记忆力来促进人们的健康)”可知，此处与下文是递进关系，构成not only…but“不仅……而且……”结构。由此可知，B. Not only do they look beautiful(它们不仅看起来很漂亮)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选B。 第三步：去伪存真锁定答案。 此处空白处与下文构成not only…but“不仅……而且……”结构。由此可知，B. Not only do they look beautiful(它们不仅看起来很漂亮)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选B。 考例4 (2021•全国甲卷)37题 A successful swap depends on the selection of clothes, the organization of the event, and, obviously, how much fun is had. It's really easy to do! Here are a few pointers. ●Invite 5—10 people so you have a nice selection. 37 , and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable. A. Less people than that B. Hold a clothing swap C. If two people are competing D. Just keep music playing throughout E. Donate whatever clothes are left over F. Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots G. Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition 37题解题思路： 第一步：观察设空位置特点。 该空明显位于段落中间，属于段中句类型，同时该句并不完整属于残缺句。 第二步：关注段首句和上文。 下文“and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.”（可能没有足够的东西可供选择；多于这个数量，它就变得无法控制。）说明多于或少于一定数量的人数将会导致一些麻烦。所以空白处应是针对下文中的“more than that”提出的相反的假设，即少于一定数量的人。A项“Less people than that”（少于这些人）提出一种假设，和下文中“more than that”相对，说明人数不宜太多，也不能太少。 第三步：去伪存真锁定答案。 A项“Less people than that”（少于这些人）提出一种假设，和下文中“more than that”相对，说明人数不宜太多，也不能太少。故答案是A。 考法三： 段中瞻前顾后型 考例5 (2023•新高考I卷)39题 Personal Forgiveness Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. 36 It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness. You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this. In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” 37 Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of. A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way. B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself. C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise. D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness. E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it. F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down. G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality. 37题解题思路： 第一步：观察设空位置特点。 该空明显位于段落中间，属于段中句类型。 第二步：关注段首句和上文。 根据空前内容“In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths. ”(在日记或纸上写上“个人优点”。)”以及空后内容“Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.(你有爱心吗？有创造力吗？你慷慨吗？是一个好的倾听者？与人相处很有趣吗？它们不一定要改变世界，只要你个性中让你感到自豪的方面就行。)”可知，空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。 第三步：去伪存真锁定答案。 注意选项和文本同义转换：put the heading=list, personal strengths= characteristics you like about yourself. 选项B “Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.(现在列出所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点。)”符合上下文内容，下文内容具体解释那些是优点。故选B。 考例6 (2023•新高考II卷) 40题 As an artist who shares her journey on social media, I’m often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey. Unfortunately, there is no magic list I can offer. I do remember, though, what it was like to be a complete beginner. So I’ve put together some good tips for starting an art journey. … The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. 40 Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life. A. Get out of your comfort zone. B. Make career plans and set goals. C. Don’t throw away your beginner art. D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so. E. You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times. F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role. G. You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition. 40题解题思路： 第一步：观察设空位置特点。 该空明显位于段落中间，属于段中句类型。 第二步：关注段首句和上文。 分析设空处，空处位于段落第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. (你的旅程不会是一条笔直的道路)”以及后文“Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life. (坚持下去，给它时间，付出努力。你将收获艺术生活的回报)”可知，E项“You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times. (你会遇到障碍，有时你会感到气馁)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。 第三步：去伪存真锁定答案。 结合上下文，E项“You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times. (你会遇到障碍，有时你会感到气馁)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。故选E项。 01（2024·宁夏银川·三模） An apology tells someone that we’re sorry for the hurt we caused — even if we didn’t do it on purpose. It’s a way of saying we’re aware of what we did and we’ll try to do better in future. 1 . Sometimes we hurt people’s feelings without wanting to. Sometimes, we do it on purpose and feel bad later on. So we apologize. Apologies are one of the tools that we use to get along better with other people. Saying that you’re sorry is more than just words. 2 . Apologizing shows you can understand the other person’s feelings as if they were your own. What’s more, after apologizing, you might feel a little better. The other person probably will, too. 3 , you can feel good because you are trying to make things right again. Everyone needs to apologize when they do something wrong. For example, if someone is irritated because of something you did, you need to apologize. If you say something that hurts someone, even if you don’t mean it, then you should apologize. 4 . When someone apologizes to you, you may welcome it and be ready to forgive. 5 . If a person keeps hurting you and apologizing without making an effort to change, you might not want to hang out with that person anymore. However, it’s always good to accept an apology. A. When you apologize in a caring way B. When you accept an apology in a desirable way C. It’s difficult to mend a relationship if we don’t apologize D. Or you might not feel like being friendly again right away E. It isn’t always easy for us to get along well with everyone all the time F. If you lose or break something belonging to someone else, you should say sorry G. You’re also saying that you respect and care about the other person’s feelings 【答案】1. E 2. G 3. A 4. F 5. D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了道歉的意义以及场合。 1. 根据下文“Sometimes we hurt people’s feelings without wanting to. Sometimes, we do it on purpose and feel bad later on.”（有时我们无意中伤害了别人的感情。有时候，我们是故意这么做的，后来感觉很糟糕。）可知，下文说明了与别人相处不好的具体表现。所以选项承接下文与其话题一致说的也是人际关系。故E选项“对我们来说，一直和每个人相处得很好并不总是容易的。”切题。故选E项。 2. 根据上文“Saying that you’re sorry is more than just words.”（说对不起不只是说说而已）可知，选项承接上文继续说明道歉所代表的含义。故G选项“你也在说你尊重和关心对方的感受”切题。故选G项。 3. 根据下文“you can feel good because you are trying to make things right again.”（你会感觉很好，因为你在努力把事情做对。）可知，选项承接下文，解释了一种有意义的道歉方式引起了下文。故A选项“当你以一种关心的方式道歉时”切题。故选A项。 4. 根据上文“If you say something that hurts someone, even if you don’t mean it, then you should apologize.”（如果你说了伤害别人的话，即使你不是故意的，你也应该道歉。）可知，选项与上文为并列关系，说明道歉的场景和原因。故F选项“如果你弄丢或打碎了别人的东西，你应该说对不起。”切题。故选F项。 5. 根据上文“When someone apologizes to you, you may welcome it and be ready to forgive.”（当有人向你道歉时，你可能会欢迎它，并准备好原谅。）根据下文“If a person keeps hurting you and apologizing without making an effort to change, you might not want to hang out with that person anymore.”（如果一个人一直伤害你，不停地道歉，却不做任何改变，你可能就不想再和那个人交往了）可知，选项承上启下说明与“准备好原谅”相反的一种情况。故D选项“或者你可能不想马上原谅”切题。故选D项。 02（2024·浙江金华·模拟预测） Being overly emotional may mean reacting to negative feelings quickly instead of letting your intelligence weigh in. Chances are that you are relating to your emotions in a way that isn’t always constructive if you feel overly emotional. 6 Here are approaches to make it. Identify your emotions. It’s important to know what you feel so that you can address each emotion appropriately. 7 If you feel anger, for instance, you may start to notice your breathing quickening, your muscles tensing, or your skin feeling flushed. If you’re happy, you may notice smiling or feelings of lightness in your limbs. Interpret each emotion’s message. 8 For instance, you may feel anxiety as a way to express fear of something. Emotions can set off emotional or physical perceived stressors that we choose to move toward or away from. When your emotions come up, ask them what they are conveying to you. Increase your empathy (共情). Empathy means observing your emotions less but the emotions of those around you more. If you find yourself focusing largely on your own emotions, take a step back and notice the emotions of the people around you. 9 Increasing your empathy helps you relate to people more effectively, respect their emotional experience, and take the spotlight off of yourself. 10 Sometimes it’s difficult to relate to your emotions positively or cannot find ways to control your emotions. A therapist (治疗师) can help you process your difficult emotions while also providing an opportunity for you to release your emotions in a positive and constructive way. Your therapist should be someone you can trust and with whom you are comfortable sharing personal or embarrassing things. A. Turn to professional aid. B. Challenge your negative emotions. C. Often, you feel emotions as a communication system. D. However, it’s vital to listen to your emotions in beneficial ways. E. Consider their emotional experience and recognize how they feel. F. Reflect on how your body reacts when you notice an emotion coming through. G. It means you allow your thoughts to come and observe them without judgement. 【答案】6. D 7. F 8. C 9. E 10. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是如何管理过度情绪化的问题，并提供了一系列方法和建议来实现这一目标。 6. 空前“Chances are that you are relating to your emotions in a way that isn’t always constructive if you feel overly emotional.(如果你过于情绪化，那么你处理情绪的方式可能并不总是有建设性的。)”说明如果你过于情绪化，那么你处理情绪的方式可能并不总是有建设性的，空后“Here are approaches to make it.(以下是实现这一目标的方法。)”说明接下来要讲以有益的方式处理情绪的方法，这说明这样处理情绪是很有必要的，D选项“However, it’s vital to listen to your emotions in beneficial ways.(然而，以有益的方式倾听你的情绪是至关重要的。)”说明以有益的方式倾听你的情绪是至关重要的，这样就引出下文的建议，因此D选项承上启下，符合语境，故选D。 7. 空后“If you feel anger, for instance, you may start to notice your breathing quickening, your muscles tensing, or your skin feeling flushed. If you’re happy, you may notice smiling or feelings of lightness in your limbs.(例如，如果你感到愤怒，你可能会开始注意到你的呼吸加快，肌肉紧张，或者皮肤发红。如果你快乐，你可能会注意到微笑或四肢轻盈的感觉。)”列举的是一些不同情绪会引起的不同的身体反应，空格处应该引起下文，说要注意你的情绪会引起什么样的身体反应，F选项“Reflect on how your body reacts when you notice an emotion coming through.(当你注意到一种情绪出现时，反思一下你的身体是如何反应的。)”说明了当出现某种情绪时，看看你的身体会有什么反应，因此引起下文，符合语境，故选F。 8. 空前“Interpret each emotion’s message.(解读每种情绪的信息。)”说明情绪会传递信息，C选项“Often, you feel emotions as a communication system.(通常，你感觉情绪是一种交流系统。)”说明了情绪是一种交流系统，也就是情绪可以传递信息，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选C。 9. 空前“Empathy means observing your emotions less but the emotions of those around you more. If you find yourself focusing largely on your own emotions, take a step back and notice the emotions of the people around you.(同理心意味着少观察自己的情绪，多观察周围人的情绪。如果你发现自己的注意力主要集中在自己的情绪上，那就退后一步，注意一下你周围人的情绪。)”说明了要注意一下你周围人的情绪，空格处应该继续说要识别他们的情绪，E选项“Consider their emotional experience and recognize how they feel.(考虑他们的情感经历，认识到他们的感受。)”说明了要考虑周围人的情感经历，认识到他们的感受，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选E。 10. 空格处是本段主题句，由空后“A therapist (治疗师) can help you process your difficult emotions while also providing an opportunity for you to release your emotions in a positive and constructive way. Your therapist should be someone you can trust and with whom you are comfortable sharing personal or embarrassing things.(治疗师可以帮助你处理困难的情绪，同时也为你提供一个以积极和建设性的方式释放情绪的机会。你的治疗师应该是一个你可以信任的人，你可以和他轻松地分享个人或尴尬的事情。)”可知，治疗师可以提供的帮助，因此本段主要讲的是要向专业人士求助，A选项“Turn to professional aid.(向专业人士求助。)”说明了要向专业人士求助，概括了本段内容，可作为主题句，故选A。 03（2024·安徽黄山·模拟预测） Life is filled with numerous victories and downfalls. 11 Here’s how you can create a new chapter in your life. Draw a Line Mentally Life is going to throw a lot of problems your way, so you need to be mentally prepared for each and every situation. 12 In order to be better than before, you need to leave that guilt and shame in the past and emerge as someone new. The secret here is to never stop trying. Once you stop trying, you are already defeated. Learn From Others It is an effective approach to find people that have gone through the same trials as you have. 13 They can assist you better since they know the hardships. Always seek out people who are truly free of their issues, as they will be able to help you genuinely. Do What Actually Works 14 Don’t follow the path to anger and destroy what is good for you. Actively engaging in battles and struggles can be challenging, but being stuck in pain and self-resentment will be even harder. Picture your goals in your mind and take sensible steps towards them with each passing day. 15 Let nothing stand in your way. A. What truly matters is how you react to them. B. You can learn from their experiences and successes. C. Live in reality and make wise choices for yourself. D. Find those who have successfully overcome similar challenges. E. In such situations, drawing a mental line can be helpful. F. Nothing should prevent you from achieving your dreams and goals. G. It is essential to stay positive and focused on what brings you joy. 【答案】11. A 12. E 13. B 14. C 15. F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。面对生活中的起伏，关键在于你如何反应。从他人经验中学习，找到克服类似挑战的人，以积极的态度和明智的选择，每天朝着目标迈出合理步伐，不被任何事物阻挡。 11. 上文提到“Life is filled with numerous victories and downfalls. (生活充满了胜利和失败)”，接下来的内容应该强调如何对待这些情况的重要性。选项A“你如何对待它们才是真正重要的”符合逻辑。故选A。 12. 本段标题为“Draw a Line Mentally (在心中划一条线)”，强调在面对生活中的问题时，要在心理上有所准备。选项E中的“drawing a mental line”与标题相呼应，且内容“在这种情况下，在脑海中画一条线是有帮助的”也符合前文“ Life is going to throw a lot of problems your way, so you need to be mentally prepared for each and every situation.(生活会给你带来很多问题，所以你需要为每一种情况做好心理准备)”描述的场景。故选E。 13. 上文提到“It is an effective approach to find people that have gone through the same trials as you have. (这是一种有效的方法，用来找到那些经历过和你相同考验的人。)”从他人身上学习是一个有效的方法，因为他人已经经历过类似的考验，了解其中的困难。选项B“你可以从他们的经验和成功中学习”直接体现了这一思想。故选B。 14. 本段标题为“Do What Actually Works (做真正有效的事情)”，强调要活在现实中，做出明智的选择。选项C中的“Live in reality and make wise choices for yourself (活在现实中，为自己做出明智的选择。)”直接对应了标题和后文段落内容。故选C。 15. 上文提到“Picture your goals in your mind and take sensible steps towards them with each passing day. (在脑海中描绘你的目标，并在每一天里朝着它们迈出合理的步骤。)”强调要在心中描绘目标，并朝着它们迈出明智的步伐，不被任何事物阻挡。选项F“没有什么能阻止你实现你的梦想和目标”与这一意思相符，强调了实现目标的决心和信心。故选F。 04（2024·云南西双版纳·模拟预测） Most of us get distracted with push notifications (通知), text messages and phone calls. With so much going on, it can be very difficult to stay focused, but it’s not impossible. Turn Off Alerts (提醒) Constant notifications and text messages are every college student’s enemy. 16 Close unnecessary tabs on your computer. You can fight online distractions by blocking or hiding time-wasting websites and apps. Break Down Your Work into Smaller Tasks If you’re having a difficult time studying or getting work done, break up your time effectively. 17 Studies show that taking breaks can help you retain information and increase productivity. Find the Right Place to Do Work Some students work best with a little background noise, while others need complete quiet. 18 Are you the kind of person who works better in silence at the library? Or do you prefer the campus coffee shop with noise? Try a few different spaces and see how each study session works out. Clear Your Desk Is your desk covered with stacks of papers? Is your computer monitor framed with layers of sticky notes? 19 A messy workspace can keep you from getting your work done. Go through your desk and keep only the essentials. A clean workspace can help reduce anxiety and make room for motivation. Reward Yourself 20 Setting up a reward system is a good way to encourage yourself to do something. For example, if you finish an essay without any distractions, give yourself a reward like watching a TV show or taking a nap. A. Everyone likes to be quiet. B. If so, it’s time to get organised. C. A little motivation can go a long way. D. Never put off what you can do today until tomorrow. E. Put your phone on silent or in “Do Not Disturb” mode. F. Get to know your work style and the type of atmosphere you prefer. G. Try giving yourself a 10-minute break for every 45－50 minutes of work you do. 【答案】16. E 17. G 18. F 19. B 20. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何在现代社会的各种干扰下保持专注，提高工作和学习效率。 16. 根据上文“Constant notifications and text messages are every college student’s enemy.(不断的通知和短信是每个学生的敌人)”可知，持续的通知和短信是学生的敌人。选项E“Put your phone on silent or in “Do Not Disturb” mode.(把手机调成静音或“请勿打扰”模式。)”是上文内容的自然延续，指的是不断的通知和短信是每个学生的敌人，因此，应该采取措施减少这些干扰，将手机设置为静音或勿扰模式是其中一种有效的方式。故选E。 17. 根据下文“Studies show that taking breaks can help you retain information and increase productivity.(研究表明，休息可以帮助你记住信息，提高工作效率)”可知，休息可以提高学习效率。选项G“Try giving yourself a 10-minute break for every 45－50 minutes of work you do.(每工作45-50分钟，休息10分钟。)”与下文内容相符，指的是要在工作间隔休息，这有助于工作效率的提升。故选G。 18. 根据空前“Some students work best with a little background noise, while others need complete quiet.(一些学生在一点背景噪音下学习效果最好，而另一些学生则需要完全安静)”可知，不同的学生需要的学习背景不一样。选项F“Get to know your work style and the type of atmosphere you prefer.(了解你的工作风格和你喜欢的工作氛围。)”是上文内容的延续，指的是要根据自己的需求，了解自己喜欢的工作风格和氛围类型。故选F。 19. 根据空前内容“Is your desk covered with stacks of papers? Is your computer monitor framed with layers of sticky notes?(你的桌子上堆满了文件吗?你的电脑显示器是不是贴满了一层层的便利贴?)”以及空后的“A messy workspace can keep you from getting your work done.(凌乱的工作环境会让你无法完成工作)”可推测，空处和“整理桌子”有关。选项B“If so, it’s time to get organised.(如果是这样，是时候变得有条理了。)”承上启下，承接上文，指出“if so”，从而自然引出下文“凌乱的工作环境会让你无法完成工作。”故选B。 20. 根据空后内容“Setting up a reward system is a good way to encourage yourself to do something. For example, if you finish an essay without any distractions, give yourself a reward like watching a TV show or taking a nap.(建立奖励机制是鼓励自己做某事的好方法。例如，如果你在没有任何干扰的情况下完成了一篇文章，给自己一个奖励，比如看电视节目或打个盹)”可知，我们可以通过自我奖励来激励自己行动起来。选项C“A little motivation can go a long way.(一点动机可以产生很大的作用)”引出下文内容，指出设立奖励作为动机可以产生很大的作用。故选C。 $$