专题06：动名词（初高考点差异及衔接） -2024年初升高英语无忧衔接（上海专用）

专题06：动名词（初高考点差异及衔接） 初中要求 掌握动名词可以作为句子的主语或宾语。掌握一些动词跟动名词作为宾语的固定搭配。 高中要求 高中阶段的动名词掌握要求更加全面和深入，不仅要求学生能够正确使用动名词，还要求他们能够在更复杂的语言环境中理解和运用动名词。需掌握动名词的复合结构、动名词的被动形式及完成形式。 【初中考点聚焦】 1. 基本认识：学生需要了解动名词是动词的一种非限定形式，通常以-ing结尾。 2. 作主语和宾语：掌握动名词可以作为句子的主语或宾语。 3. 作表语：了解动名词可以作为表语，用来说明主语的性质或状态。 4. 作定语：学习动名词作为定语时的用法，通常放在它所修饰的名词之前。 5. 固定搭配：掌握一些动词后面跟动名词作为宾语的固定搭配，如enjoy doing, finish doing等。 6. 时态和语态：了解动名词的基本时态和语态形式。 【高中考点聚焦】 考纲解读 1. 深入理解：更深入地理解动名词在句子中的功能和用法。 2. 作状语：掌握动名词作为时间状语、原因状语、条件状语等的用法。 3. 作补语：了解动名词在复合句中作为宾语补足语的用法。 4. 非谓语动词的比较：比较动名词与不定式、现在分词在语态、时态和功能上的不同。 5. 复杂结构：掌握动名词在复杂句型中的使用，如在强调句型或倒装句型中的应用。 6. 高级写作：在写作中灵活运用动名词，以表达复杂的观点和论据。 考点清单 动名词（doing） 动名词也属于非谓语动词，它具有名词和动词的特点，它可以支配宾语，也能被副词修饰。在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语。此外，它也有时态和语态的变化，还有复合结构的用法。 ▇ 成分的充当 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √ 动名词 √ √ √ √ × × 分词 × × √ √ √ √ 1. 作主语 动名词作主语时，可以表示某种习惯，而并非具体的某一次动作。 Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火是很危险的。（用Playing表示泛指） To play with fire is dangerous. 玩火是很危险的。（可能只说明这一次是很危险的） 注意： 动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较： 动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语。在意义上相近。但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象动作，不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作。比较： Smoking is not good for health. （泛指，习惯性的） It is not good for you to smoke so much.（特指某一次） 以以下句型中，常用动名词做主语，前面用It作形式主语。（避免句子头重脚轻，来平衡句子） It is/was no use/good doing sth. It is/was not any use/good doing sth. It is/was of little use/good doing sth. It is/was worth/worthwhile doing sth. e.g. It is worth/worthwhile making an appointment before you go. It is no use crying over the split milk. 覆水难收。 还可以用在there be句型中，例如： There is no saying when he’ll come.很难说他何时回来。 用于布告形式的省略结构中。例如： No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). （禁止吸烟） No parking. （禁止停车） 动名词的复合结构作主语（稍后会讲解） 当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格，构成动名词的复合结构。这时，名词或代词的所有格做动名词的逻辑主语)。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。例如： Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. 2. 作宾语 (1).在以下动词后只能接动名词作宾语 建议冒险去献身，忍受期待抵逃跑；  suggest/advise/recommend,risk,devote oneself to,resist/tolerate,look forward to, deny,escape   放弃延期悔想像，坚持享受承实践；  quit/give up,delay,regret,imagine/fancy,keep,enjoy, admit ,practice  禁止原谅避卷入，考虑感激不自禁；  forbid/ban,excuse/pardon/forgive,avoid,involve,consider, appreciate, can’t help, can’t stand. 允许报告厌介意，承认回想含错过。  permit/allow, report, dislike, mind, acknowledge，recall，include，miss 如：I practise learning English every day. (2).作介词的宾语 通常放在 “动词+介词” 或 “形容词+介词”的动词短语或形容词短语后，常见短语有： look forward to（渴望，盼望） be proud of（以……自豪） be responsible for（对……负责） insist on（坚持） think of（考虑，想到） dream of（梦想） object to（反对，抗议） hear of（听说） prevent…from（防止，阻止） keep…from（防止，阻止） stop…from（防止，阻止） be engaged in（从事于） depend on（依靠，依赖） thank…for（因……而道谢） excuse…for（因……而道歉） aim at（目的在于） devote…to（献身于） set about（着手做） be/get used to（习惯于） be fond of（喜欢） be afraid of（害怕） be tired of（对……厌烦） succeed in（成功地做……） be interested in（对……感兴趣） 可省略介词接动名词的短语： have difficulty/trouble (in) doing There is no point/use (in) doing pend/waste time (in) doing. (3).作形容词的宾语 The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这种曲子很值得多听几遍。 We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. 我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。 3. 作表语 动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。 Seeing is beliving. My hobby is swimming.=Swimming is my hobby. 4. 作定语 动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途或功能。 swimming pool=a pool for swimming=a pool which is used for swimming, reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading等 【扩展】 (1).只能接不定式作宾语的动词： happen 碰巧，offer 主动提出，promise 答应，agree 同意，refuse拒绝，decide 决定， determine 决定、决心，pretend 假装，fail 未能够，learn，wish希望，hope，expect，afford 负担得起。 口诀： 要想杜绝“忘记”， want, need, refuse, forget 决心努力学习。 decide, determine, try, manage, learn 希望主动帮助， hope , wish, expect, long, offer, help 答应开始担起。 agree promise, begin, start, afford (2).接动名词、不定式均可，意义相同的动词：like，love，dislike，hate，begin，star，continue，prefer，can’t bear/endure 无法忍受，cease停止 (3).接动名词和不定式均可，但意义不同的动词：forget，go on，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等 stop to do 停下来去做 stop doing 停止做 forget to do 忘记要做 forget doing 忘记做过 remember to do 记得要做 remember doing 记得做过 regret to do 遗憾要做 regret doing 后悔做过 try to do 企图做，尽力做 try doing 试着做 go on to do 继续做（另一件事） go on doing 继续做（同一件事） mean to do 打算做 mean doing 意味做 (4).need, require, want作“需要”讲，其后用动名词的主动式表示被动意义，be worth也有类似用法。如： The flowers need watering/to be watered. The problem is worth discussing. ▇ 时态和语态（重点和难点） 主动 被动 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 1.动名词的完成式 (having done) 用动名词的完成式时，强调它表示的动作在位于所表示的动作之前发生，而且是主动关系。 如：We remembered having seen the film. 。 2. 动名词的完成被动式 (having been done) 用动名词的完成式时，强调它表示的动作在位于所表示的动作之前发生，但是和主语之间不再是主动关系，而是被动关系。 如：He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old. 3. 被动式 (being done) 动名词的被动形式是being+过去分词，它表示的动作与它的逻辑主语形成被动关系。 如：He came to the party without being invited. However, there are people who don’t like being told what words they have to use. There was a report of the bridge being climbed by a group of tourists in 1998. 4. 否定式 (not doing) 如：I regret not following his advice. Not using the right words when we speak may offend some people. Not climbing the Sydney Harbour Bridge would be a lifetime regret. My job is not managing the office. ▇ 动名词的复合结构 带有逻辑主语的动名词称为动名词的复合结构。当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动名词前加上物主代词或名词所有格，这便构成了动名词的复合结构。 其中物主代词（名词所有格）是逻辑上的主语，动名词是逻辑上的谓语。动名词复合结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等，分别相当于一个主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句。 Her coming to help encouraged all of us. 他来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。 (=That she came to help encouraged all of us.) Jane’s being careless caused so much trouble. 简的粗心惹来了不少麻烦。 (=That Jane was careless caused so much trouble.) What’s troubling them is their not having enough food. 烦扰他们的是食物不足。 (=What’s troubling them is that they don’t haveenough food.) 动名词的复合结构，简单地说，实际上就是在动名词前面加上名词’s或者是形容词性物主代词。不在句首时，在动名词前面加上代词宾格或者是名词本身（也叫作名词的通格形式）。 “逻辑主语+动名词”构成的动名词的复合结构一般在句子中作主语或宾语。 动名词的复合结构在句子中作宾语时，该动名词的逻辑主语如果是代词，可以用宾格或所有格。 动名词的复合结构在句子中作主语时，该动名词的逻辑主语如果是代词，一般情况下用所有格。 动名词的复合结构中的逻辑主语如果是名词，在名词后面加“’s”，非正式的语体中也可以不加。 在句首时： 主动 被动 肯定 adj.性物主代词/n.’s+doing adj.性物主代词/n.’s+being done 否定 adj.性物主代词/n.’s+not doing adj.性物主代词/n.’s+not being done 不在句首时： 主动 被动 肯定 代词宾格/n.+doing 代词宾格/n+being done 否定 代词宾格/n.+not doing 代词宾格/n.+not being done e.g. His not knowing the foreign culture makes him embarrased. His coming makes me happy. I like her singing. 【典型例题】 ( ).The discovery of new evidence led to _________. A.the thief having caught B.catch the thief C.the thief being caught D.the thief to be caught 一、语法填空 1．We’d appreciate your (leave) as fast as possible after the meeting. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．As a man, you should have the courage to admit (make) mistakes. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．They have been working to prevent the environment here from (destroy). (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．Now that you are wrong, you should have the courage to admit (make)mistakes. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5． (win) the gold medal in the Olympic Games let her famous overnight. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．The young man was praised for (save) the boy’s life. (所给词的适当形式填空) 7．With no solid evidence, he refused to acknowledge (steal) the lady’s purse. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8．Large quantities of animals escaped (kill) in the big fire. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9．He built a (swim) pool in his garden last year. (所给词的适当形式填空) 10． (surround) yourself with positive and admirable people will result in you adopting positive values. (所给词的适当形式填空) 二、翻译下列句子（使用动名词） 1.教授昨天推荐的那篇文章值得一看。(worth) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 2.勤洗手是避免疾病传染的有效方法之一。(infect) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 3.充分利用时间并不意味着从早到晚不停地看书。(mean) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 4.整个周末他都在忙着复习备考，只在吃饭的时候才歇一歇。(busy) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 5.对语言学习者来说，接触英文材料并养成好的习惯能提高学习效率。(expose) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 一、语法填空 1．30% of American teenagers admit (lie) about their age to gain success to some websites. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．In order to escape (catch), the thief hid himself among the trees. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．On hearing the joke we couldn’t help (laugh). (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．Mary, who is disabled, is strongly opposed to (treat) unfairly by others. （所给词的适当形式填空） 5．With the (raise) of standards of this school, more and more parents are trying their best to send their children to study here. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．This includes keeping the original environment from (touch). (所给词的适当形式填空) 7．My kid spends hours (chat) on the phone with her friends every day. （所给词的适当形式填空） 8．No one can avoid (influence) by advertisements. （所给词的适当形式填空） 9．He claims that (quit) smoking is the easiest thing in the world, for he has done it hundreds of times. (所给词的适当形式填空) 10．Dr. Susan suggested Tom (take) his daughter to the zoo every Sunday. (所给词的适当形式填空) 二、完成句子 21．Tom is looking forward to the new . 汤姆期待着遇见新来的交换生。 22．这个淘气的男孩子幸运地逃过了被毒蛇咬。 This naughty boy was so lucky to by a poisonous snake. 23．She paid for her own education by (自始至终做) college. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 24．她忙着浇花，没有注意到发生的一切。(employ) the flowers, she didn’t notice what was happening. 25．I was really grateful to my colleagues for (帮助我度过难关) difficulties. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 26．How about   (去图书馆) first to read books after shopping here? （根据汉语提示完成句子） 27．I always think that learning a language is rather like (学开车). (根据汉语提示完成句子) 28．I will probably just spend the holiday (在家学习). (根据汉语提示完成句子) 29．I regret (制定计划) for my holiday.(根据汉语提示完成句子) 30．Having to school everyday and (必须通过考试) sound bit too much for her. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 31．You’ve chosen a good tourist attraction and it’s (值得参观). (根据汉语提示完成句子) 32．I am used to (在法国的乡下开车). (根据汉语提示完成句子) 33．在旧社会，人们很难摆脱旧形式和旧框框。 In the old days, people had difficulties old forms and rules. 34．Our national hero Yue Fei promised to (投身于保卫) the country at a young age. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 35．Hearing that you have trouble (适应) life in the new campus, I am concerned about you. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 36． the arts may help people live longer.（接触）（根据汉语提示完成句子） 37．In sports, there is no use (假装摔倒或者受伤), because in the end, the audience will see through it. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 38．他因未能获奖而失望得把自己锁在房间里。 , he locked himself in his room. 39．他的车在半路上抛锚了，这导致他上班迟到了。 His car broke down on the halfway, which resulted in . 40．这名曾经躲过惩罚的嫌犯几年后终于被绳之以法。 This suspect who was finally brought to justice years later. 三、阅读理解 【上海市建平中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】 Many factors can interfere with a good night’s sleep — from work stress and family responsibilities to illnesses. You might not be able to control the factors that interfere with your sleep. However, you can adopt habits that encourage better sleep. Start with these simple tips. 1. Stick to a sleep schedule Set aside no more than eight hours for sleep. The recommended amount of sleep for a healthy adult is at least seven hours. Most people don’t need more than eight hours in bed to be well rested. Go to bed and get up at the same time every day, including weekends. Being consistent reinforces your body’s sleep-wake cycle. If you don’t fall asleep within about 20 minutes of going to bed, leave your bedroom and do something relaxing. Read or listen to soothing music. Go back to bed when you’re tired. Repeat as needed, but continue to maintain your sleep schedule and wake-up time. 2. Pay attention to what you eat and drink Don’t go to bed hungry or stuffed. In particular, avoid heavy or large meals within a couple of hours of bedtime. Discomfort might keep you up. Caffeine and alcohol deserve caution, too. The stimulating effects of caffeine take hours to wear off and can interfere with sleep. And even though alcohol might make you feel sleepy at first, it can disrupt sleep later in the night. 3. Create a restful environment Keep your room cool, dark and quiet. Exposure to light in the evenings might make it more challenging to fall asleep. Avoid prolonged use of light-emitting screens just before bedtime. Consider using room-darkening shades, earplugs, a fan or other devices to create an environment that suits your needs. Doing calming activities before bedtime, such as taking a bath or using relaxation techniques, might promote better sleep. 4. Limit daytime naps Long daytime naps can interfere with nighttime sleep. Limit naps to no more than one hour and avoid napping late in the day. However, if you work nights, you might need to nap late in the day before work to help make up your sleep debt. 5. Include physical activity in your daily routine Regular physical activity can promote better sleep. However, avoid being active too close to bedtime. Spending time outside every day might be helpful, too. 6. Manage worries Try to resolve your worries or concerns before bedtime. Jot down what’s on your mind and then set it aside for tomorrow. Stress management might help. Start with the basics, such as getting organized, setting priorities and delegating tasks. 1. What can be learned from the passage? A. It’s not hard to control the factors interfering with our sleep. B. The longer we sleep, the better we feel. C. It’s better to remain in bed when you fail to fall asleep. D. Stress can contribute to bad sleep. 2. According to the article, which of the following encourages better sleep? A. Do physical exercise before going to bed. B. Drink alcohol to get sleepy. C. Avoid long naps during the day. D. Do some indoor activities. 3. This article is most likely to come from ____________. A. a travel magazine B. an advertisement C. a health magazine D. an informal letter 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题06：动名词（初高考点差异及衔接） 初中要求 掌握动名词可以作为句子的主语或宾语。掌握一些动词跟动名词作为宾语的固定搭配。 高中要求 高中阶段的动名词掌握要求更加全面和深入，不仅要求学生能够正确使用动名词，还要求他们能够在更复杂的语言环境中理解和运用动名词。需掌握动名词的复合结构、动名词的被动形式及完成形式。 【初中考点聚焦】 1. 基本认识：学生需要了解动名词是动词的一种非限定形式，通常以-ing结尾。 2. 作主语和宾语：掌握动名词可以作为句子的主语或宾语。 3. 作表语：了解动名词可以作为表语，用来说明主语的性质或状态。 4. 作定语：学习动名词作为定语时的用法，通常放在它所修饰的名词之前。 5. 固定搭配：掌握一些动词后面跟动名词作为宾语的固定搭配，如enjoy doing, finish doing等。 6. 时态和语态：了解动名词的基本时态和语态形式。 【高中考点聚焦】 考纲解读 1. 深入理解：更深入地理解动名词在句子中的功能和用法。 2. 作状语：掌握动名词作为时间状语、原因状语、条件状语等的用法。 3. 作补语：了解动名词在复合句中作为宾语补足语的用法。 4. 非谓语动词的比较：比较动名词与不定式、现在分词在语态、时态和功能上的不同。 5. 复杂结构：掌握动名词在复杂句型中的使用，如在强调句型或倒装句型中的应用。 6. 高级写作：在写作中灵活运用动名词，以表达复杂的观点和论据。 考点清单 动名词（doing） 动名词也属于非谓语动词，它具有名词和动词的特点，它可以支配宾语，也能被副词修饰。在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语。此外，它也有时态和语态的变化，还有复合结构的用法。 ▇ 成分的充当 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √ 动名词 √ √ √ √ × × 分词 × × √ √ √ √ 1. 作主语 动名词作主语时，可以表示某种习惯，而并非具体的某一次动作。 Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火是很危险的。（用Playing表示泛指） To play with fire is dangerous. 玩火是很危险的。（可能只说明这一次是很危险的） 注意： 动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较： 动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语。在意义上相近。但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象动作，不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作。比较： Smoking is not good for health. （泛指，习惯性的） It is not good for you to smoke so much.（特指某一次） 以以下句型中，常用动名词做主语，前面用It作形式主语。（避免句子头重脚轻，来平衡句子） It is/was no use/good doing sth. It is/was not any use/good doing sth. It is/was of little use/good doing sth. It is/was worth/worthwhile doing sth. e.g. It is worth/worthwhile making an appointment before you go. It is no use crying over the split milk. 覆水难收。 还可以用在there be句型中，例如： There is no saying when he’ll come.很难说他何时回来。 用于布告形式的省略结构中。例如： No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). （禁止吸烟） No parking. （禁止停车） 动名词的复合结构作主语（稍后会讲解） 当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格，构成动名词的复合结构。这时，名词或代词的所有格做动名词的逻辑主语)。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。例如： Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. 2. 作宾语 (1).在以下动词后只能接动名词作宾语 建议冒险去献身，忍受期待抵逃跑；  suggest/advise/recommend,risk,devote oneself to,resist/tolerate,look forward to, deny,escape   放弃延期悔想像，坚持享受承实践；  quit/give up,delay,regret,imagine/fancy,keep,enjoy, admit ,practice  禁止原谅避卷入，考虑感激不自禁；  forbid/ban,excuse/pardon/forgive,avoid,involve,consider, appreciate, can’t help, can’t stand. 允许报告厌介意，承认回想含错过。  permit/allow, report, dislike, mind, acknowledge，recall，include，miss 如：I practise learning English every day. (2).作介词的宾语 通常放在 “动词+介词” 或 “形容词+介词”的动词短语或形容词短语后，常见短语有： look forward to（渴望，盼望） be proud of（以……自豪） be responsible for（对……负责） insist on（坚持） think of（考虑，想到） dream of（梦想） object to（反对，抗议） hear of（听说） prevent…from（防止，阻止） keep…from（防止，阻止） stop…from（防止，阻止） be engaged in（从事于） depend on（依靠，依赖） thank…for（因……而道谢） excuse…for（因……而道歉） aim at（目的在于） devote…to（献身于） set about（着手做） be/get used to（习惯于） be fond of（喜欢） be afraid of（害怕） be tired of（对……厌烦） succeed in（成功地做……） be interested in（对……感兴趣） 可省略介词接动名词的短语： have difficulty/trouble (in) doing There is no point/use (in) doing pend/waste time (in) doing. (3).作形容词的宾语 The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这种曲子很值得多听几遍。 We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. 我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。 3. 作表语 动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。 Seeing is beliving. My hobby is swimming.=Swimming is my hobby. 4. 作定语 动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途或功能。 swimming pool=a pool for swimming=a pool which is used for swimming, reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading等 【扩展】 (1).只能接不定式作宾语的动词： happen 碰巧，offer 主动提出，promise 答应，agree 同意，refuse拒绝，decide 决定， determine 决定、决心，pretend 假装，fail 未能够，learn，wish希望，hope，expect，afford 负担得起。 口诀： 要想杜绝“忘记”， want, need, refuse, forget 决心努力学习。 decide, determine, try, manage, learn 希望主动帮助， hope , wish, expect, long, offer, help 答应开始担起。 agree promise, begin, start, afford (2).接动名词、不定式均可，意义相同的动词：like，love，dislike，hate，begin，star，continue，prefer，can’t bear/endure 无法忍受，cease停止 (3).接动名词和不定式均可，但意义不同的动词：forget，go on，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等 stop to do 停下来去做 stop doing 停止做 forget to do 忘记要做 forget doing 忘记做过 remember to do 记得要做 remember doing 记得做过 regret to do 遗憾要做 regret doing 后悔做过 try to do 企图做，尽力做 try doing 试着做 go on to do 继续做（另一件事） go on doing 继续做（同一件事） mean to do 打算做 mean doing 意味做 (4).need, require, want作“需要”讲，其后用动名词的主动式表示被动意义，be worth也有类似用法。如： The flowers need watering/to be watered. The problem is worth discussing. ▇ 时态和语态（重点和难点） 主动 被动 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 1.动名词的完成式 (having done) 用动名词的完成式时，强调它表示的动作在位于所表示的动作之前发生，而且是主动关系。 如：We remembered having seen the film. 。 2. 动名词的完成被动式 (having been done) 用动名词的完成式时，强调它表示的动作在位于所表示的动作之前发生，但是和主语之间不再是主动关系，而是被动关系。 如：He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old. 3. 被动式 (being done) 动名词的被动形式是being+过去分词，它表示的动作与它的逻辑主语形成被动关系。 如：He came to the party without being invited. However, there are people who don’t like being told what words they have to use. There was a report of the bridge being climbed by a group of tourists in 1998. 4. 否定式 (not doing) 如：I regret not following his advice. Not using the right words when we speak may offend some people. Not climbing the Sydney Harbour Bridge would be a lifetime regret. My job is not managing the office. ▇ 动名词的复合结构 带有逻辑主语的动名词称为动名词的复合结构。当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动名词前加上物主代词或名词所有格，这便构成了动名词的复合结构。 其中物主代词（名词所有格）是逻辑上的主语，动名词是逻辑上的谓语。动名词复合结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等，分别相当于一个主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句。 Her coming to help encouraged all of us. 他来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。 (=That she came to help encouraged all of us.) Jane’s being careless caused so much trouble. 简的粗心惹来了不少麻烦。 (=That Jane was careless caused so much trouble.) What’s troubling them is their not having enough food. 烦扰他们的是食物不足。 (=What’s troubling them is that they don’t haveenough food.) 动名词的复合结构，简单地说，实际上就是在动名词前面加上名词’s或者是形容词性物主代词。不在句首时，在动名词前面加上代词宾格或者是名词本身（也叫作名词的通格形式）。 “逻辑主语+动名词”构成的动名词的复合结构一般在句子中作主语或宾语。 动名词的复合结构在句子中作宾语时，该动名词的逻辑主语如果是代词，可以用宾格或所有格。 动名词的复合结构在句子中作主语时，该动名词的逻辑主语如果是代词，一般情况下用所有格。 动名词的复合结构中的逻辑主语如果是名词，在名词后面加“’s”，非正式的语体中也可以不加。 在句首时： 主动 被动 肯定 adj.性物主代词/n.’s+doing adj.性物主代词/n.’s+being done 否定 adj.性物主代词/n.’s+not doing adj.性物主代词/n.’s+not being done 不在句首时： 主动 被动 肯定 代词宾格/n.+doing 代词宾格/n+being done 否定 代词宾格/n.+not doing 代词宾格/n.+not being done e.g. His not knowing the foreign culture makes him embarrased. His coming makes me happy. I like her singing. 【典型例题】 ( ).The discovery of new evidence led to _________. A.the thief having caught B.catch the thief C.the thief being caught D.the thief to be caught 【解析】lead to这个词组中to是介词，后面跟名词，于是B被排除，the thief是动名词逻辑上的主语，构成动名词的复合结构，与catch之间应是被动关系，故排除A。常见的带介词to的短语有：(get) be used to, look forward to，look up to, stick to, object to, be devoted to, pay attention to等。C项正确 动名词（doing）用法总结： 1.动名词可以充当主语、宾语、表语和定语； 2.重点掌握动名词的时态和语态，弄清楚动作发生的先后顺序； 3.动名词常出现在语法填空和翻译题中。 一、语法填空 1．We’d appreciate your (leave) as fast as possible after the meeting. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】leaving 【详解】考查动名词的复合结构。句意：我们希望您在会后尽快离开。分析句子可知，动名词前加上形容词性物主代词或名词所有格可构成“动名词的复合结构”，在句中用作宾语，符合本句语境。故填leaving。 2．As a man, you should have the courage to admit (make) mistakes. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】making/having made 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一个男人，你应该有承认错误的勇气。admit doing/having done意为：承认做（过）某事，空处用动名词或者动名词的完成式形式作宾语，动名词的完成式强调“犯错误”这件事发生在“承认”之前。故填making/having made。 3．They have been working to prevent the environment here from (destroy). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】being destroyed 【详解】考查非谓语动。句意：他们一直在努力防止这里的环境遭到破坏。prevent ... from doing sth.阻止……做某事。逻辑宾语the environment 与destroy之间为被动关系，所以用动名词的被动形式。故填being destroyed。 4．Now that you are wrong, you should have the courage to admit (make)mistakes. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】making/having made 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：既然你错了，你就应该有勇气承认错误。表达“承认做过某事”用固定搭配admit doing/having done，即用动名词或动名词的完成式作宾语。故填making/having making。 5． (win) the gold medal in the Olympic Games let her famous overnight. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Having won 【详解】考查动名词。句意：在奥运会上获得金牌使她一夜成名。设空处为主语，应用动名词形式，并且发生在谓语之前，应用动名词的完成时，句首单词首字母大写，故填Having won。 6．The young man was praised for (save) the boy’s life. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】saving/having saved 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：那个年轻人因救了那个男孩的命而受到表扬。save作介词for的宾语，用动名词saving，也可用完成式having saved强调动作发生在谓语动词之前。故填saving/having saved。 7．With no solid evidence, he refused to acknowledge (steal) the lady’s purse. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】stealing/having stolen 【详解】考查动名词。句意：由于没有确凿的证据，他拒绝承认偷了那位女士的钱包。acknowledge doing sth意为“承认做了某事”符合句意，因此，设空处填steal的动名词stealing，作动词acknowledge的宾语；此外，设空处也可用动名词stealing的完成式having stolen，表示偷窃行为发生在谓语动词之前。故填stealing/having stolen。 8．Large quantities of animals escaped (kill) in the big fire. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】being killed 【详解】考查动名词。句意：大量的动物在大火中幸免遇难。分析句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词作宾语，根据“escape doing sth.”意为“避免做某事”可知，此处应使用动名词形式，且kill与逻辑主语Large quantities of animals之间为被动关系，所以此处使用动名词的被动形式。故填being killed。 9．He built a (swim) pool in his garden last year. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】swimming 【详解】考查动名词。句意：去年他在花园里建了一个游泳池。根据句意，此处指游泳池，swim的动名词形式swimming，作定语修饰pool。故填swimming。 10． (surround) yourself with positive and admirable people will result in you adopting positive values. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Surrounding 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：周围都是积极的、令人钦佩的人，这会让你树立积极的价值观。本句谓语为will result，此处为非谓语动词，用surround“围住，围绕，喜欢结交（某类人）”的动名词，作主语。故填Surrounding。 二、翻译下列句子（使用动名词） 1.教授昨天推荐的那篇文章值得一看。(worth) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 2.勤洗手是避免疾病传染的有效方法之一。(infect) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 3.充分利用时间并不意味着从早到晚不停地看书。(mean) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 4.整个周末他都在忙着复习备考，只在吃饭的时候才歇一歇。(busy) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 5.对语言学习者来说，接触英文材料并养成好的习惯能提高学习效率。(expose) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考答案】 1. The article recommended by the professor yesterday is worth reading. 2. Washing hands often is one of the effective ways to avoid being infected by diseases. 3. Making full use of time doesn’t mean reading from morning to night. 4. He was busy reviewing his lessons and preparing for the exam the whole weekend, only taking a break at meal time. 5. For language learner, being exposed to English materials and developing good habits can enhance learning efficiency. 一、语法填空 1．30% of American teenagers admit (lie) about their age to gain success to some websites. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】lying 【详解】考查动名词。句意：30%的美国青少年承认为了成功访问某些网站而谎报他们的年龄。admit doing sth.“承认做某事”，所以空处需要动名词的形式作宾语。故填lying。 2．In order to escape (catch), the thief hid himself among the trees. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】being caught 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了逃避抓捕，小偷藏匿在树林中。escape doing sth.固定搭配，意为“逃避做某事”，catch和主语the thief是被动关系，应用动名词的被动语态，故填being caught。 3．On hearing the joke we couldn’t help (laugh). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】laughing 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：听到这个笑话，我们忍不住笑了起来。分析句子可知，此空考查can’t help doing sth表“忍不住做某事”，为固定短语，这里动名词作宾语。故填laughing。 4．Mary, who is disabled, is strongly opposed to (treat) unfairly by others. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】being treated 【详解】考查动名词。句意：玛丽是残疾人，她强烈反对受到别人的不公平对待。be opposed to doing sth固定搭配，意为“反对做某事”。主语Mary与treat为被动关系，用动名词的被动语态。故填being treated。 5．With the (raise) of standards of this school, more and more parents are trying their best to send their children to study here. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】raising 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着这所学校标准的提高，越来越多的家长正竭尽全力把孩子送到这里学习。本空用raise“提高”的动名词，作With的宾语。故填raising。 6．This includes keeping the original environment from (touch). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】being touched 【详解】考查动名词。句意：这包括阻止原始环境被接触。设空处接在介词from后，应用动名词作宾语，和它的逻辑主语the original environment之间是被动关系，所以应用动名词的被动语态，故填being touched。 7．My kid spends hours (chat) on the phone with her friends every day. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】chatting 【详解】考查动名词。句意：我的孩子每天花几个小时在电话上和她的朋友聊天。sb. spend time (in) doing sth.，此处为动名词作宾语，表示花费时间聊天。故填chatting。 8．No one can avoid (influence) by advertisements. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】being influenced 【详解】考查动名词。句意：没有人能避免受到广告的影响。分析句子可知，本句的谓语动词是avoid，所以设空处应该填入名词或动名词作动词avoid的宾语。又因为主语No one与influence之间为被动关系，所以用动名词的被动形式being influenced。故填being influenced。 9．He claims that (quit) smoking is the easiest thing in the world, for he has done it hundreds of times. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】quitting 【详解】考查动名词。句意：他声称戒烟是世界上最容易的事情，因为他已经戒过几百次了。空格处用动名词quitting作that引导的宾语从句中的主语，故填quitting。 10．Dr. Susan suggested Tom (take) his daughter to the zoo every Sunday. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】taking 【详解】考查动名词。句意：苏珊医生建议汤姆每周日带他女儿去动物园。动词suggest后跟doing (sth)作宾语，设空处填动名词taking，Tom与动词take之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系， Tom taking his daughter to the zoo every Sunday为动名词复合结构作动词suggested宾语。故填taking。 二、完成句子 21．Tom is looking forward to the new . 汤姆期待着遇见新来的交换生。 【答案】 meeting exchange student 【详解】考查短语和非谓语动词。第一空表“遇见”应用动词meet，此处为look forward to doing sth.，动名词作宾语；第二空表示“交换生”短语为exchange student。故填①meeting；②exchange student。 22．这个淘气的男孩子幸运地逃过了被毒蛇咬。 This naughty boy was so lucky to by a poisonous snake. 【答案】 escape being bitten 【详解】考查非谓语动词。表示“逃过”可用动词escape，动词原形和to构成不定式作原因状语；表示“被咬”用动词bite的被动结构be bitten，escape后用动名词作宾语，故用其动名词的被动式。故空1填escape；空2填being；空3填bitten。 23．She paid for her own education by (自始至终做) college. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】working her way through 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：她通过努力完成大学学业来支付自己的教育费用。work one’s way through为固定短语，表示“自始至终做”，结合空前介词by，空处应为动名词，主语为She，故填working her way through。 24．她忙着浇花，没有注意到发生的一切。(employ) the flowers, she didn’t notice what was happening. 【答案】Employed in watering 【详解】考查非谓语。“忙于做”be employed in doing，空处在句中作状语，动词employ与主语she之间是被动关系，用过去分词employed，用于句首首字母大写；“浇花”water，用动名词形式作介词in的宾语。故填Employed in watering。 25．I was really grateful to my colleagues for (帮助我度过难关) difficulties. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】 carrying me through 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：我真的很感激我的同事们帮助我度过难关。动词短语“帮助某人度过难关”为“carry sb through”，宾语“我”为“me”，介词for后接动名词形式作宾语，故填①carrying，②me，③through。 26．How about   (去图书馆) first to read books after shopping here? （根据汉语提示完成句子） 【答案】going to library 【详解】考查固定搭配和非谓语动词。句意：逛完这里，先去图书馆看书怎么样？表示“去图书馆”应用go to library，how about doing sth.为固定句型，意为“……怎么样？”。故填going to library。 27．I always think that learning a language is rather like (学开车). (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】learning to drive 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：我一直认为学习语言就像学习开车一样。根据汉语提示可知短语为learn to drive，作介词like的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填learning to drive。 28．I will probably just spend the holiday (在家学习). (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】studying at home 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：这个假期我可能会在家学习度过。根据汉语提示可知短语为study at home，且上文为短语spend time doing sth.，故填studying at home。 29．I regret (制定计划) for my holiday.(根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】making plans 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：我后悔为我的假期制定了计划。根据汉语提示可知，空处应填短语make plans。由于句子的谓语动词是regret“后悔”，其后接动名词形式作宾语，表示“后悔已经做过的事情”，因此make应该变为动名词。故填making plans。 30．Having to school everyday and (必须通过考试) sound bit too much for her. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】having to pass exams 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：每天都要上学，还必须通过考试，这对她来说有点太过分了。表示“必须通过考试”为动词短语have to pass exams，have to do sth表示“必须做某事”，根据句子结构和前文Having to school everyday可知，应用动名词形式和前文并列作主语。故填having to pass exams。 31．You’ve chosen a good tourist attraction and it’s (值得参观). (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】worth visiting 【详解】考查形容词和非谓语动词。句意：你选择了一个好的旅游景点，值得一游。表示“参观”应用动词visit；表示“某事值得……”应用sth. be worth doing，worth的用法和介词相同，后面用动名词形式。该结构中的doing是主动形式表示被动意义。故填worth visiting。 32．I am used to (在法国的乡下开车). (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】driving in the French countryside 【详解】考查动名词和固定短语。句意：我习惯在法国乡村开车。“开车”是drive，“在法国的乡下”是in the French countryside，be used to doing是固定短语，意为“习惯于做某事”，因此空格处动词用动名词作宾语，因此空格处是driving in the French countryside。故填driving in the French countryside。 33．在旧社会，人们很难摆脱旧形式和旧框框。 In the old days, people had difficulties old forms and rules. 【答案】 getting rid of 【详解】考查动词短语。根据中英文提示，应填get rid of，分析句子可知，此处为have difficulties doing sth，用动名词形式作宾语，故填getting rid of。 34．Our national hero Yue Fei promised to (投身于保卫) the country at a young age. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】devote himself to defending/be devoted to defending 【详解】考查固定短语和动词。句意：我们的民族英雄岳飞从小就承诺投身于保卫国家。根据提示的汉语，表示“投身于”应为devote oneself to，主语为Yue Fei，所以反身代词应为himself，或者表示“投身于”应为“be devoted to”，表示“保卫”应为defend，devote oneself to以及be devoted to中的to为介词，所以其后应为动名词形式作宾语。故填devote himself to defending/be devoted to defending。 35．Hearing that you have trouble (适应) life in the new campus, I am concerned about you. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】in adapting to/adapting to 【详解】考查动词短语和动名词。句意：听说你难以适应新校园的生活，我很担心你。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为动词短语adapt to“适应”，满足句意要求，结合空前have trouble可知，应为动词短语have trouble (in) doing sth“做某事有困难”，所以此处adapt为动名词形式。故填(in) adapting to。 36． the arts may help people live longer.（接触）（根据汉语提示完成句子） 【答案】Being exposed to 【详解】考查固定短语和非谓语。句意：接触艺术可以帮助人们长寿。根据汉语提示可知短语为be exposed to，作句子主语应用动名词形式，首字母大写。故填Being exposed to。 37．In sports, there is no use (假装摔倒或者受伤), because in the end, the audience will see through it. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】pretending to fall down or be hurt 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：在体育运动中，假装摔倒或受伤是没有用的，因为最终观众会看穿的。考查固定短语there is no use doing sth，意为“做某事是没用的”；“假装做某事”为pretend to do sth，“摔倒”为 fall down，“受伤”为be hurt，都做pretend的宾语，用“或者”or连接。故填pretending to fall down or be hurt。 38．他因未能获奖而失望得把自己锁在房间里。 , he locked himself in his room. 【答案】Disappointed at his failing to win a prize 【详解】考查形容词和非谓语动词。表示“对……感到失望的”应用disappointed at，形容词短语作状语；表示“未能获奖”应用his failing to win a prize，his failing为动名词的复合结构作宾语，fail to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“未能做某事”，to win为动词不定式作宾语。故填Disappointed at his failing to win a prize。 39．他的车在半路上抛锚了，这导致他上班迟到了。 His car broke down on the halfway, which resulted in . 【答案】his being late for work 【详解】考查动名词及短语。根据汉语翻译可知，空处需填“他上班迟到”的英语表达，be late for work表示“上班迟到”，根据“resulted in”可知，空处需用动名词being作介词宾语，“迟到”的逻辑主语是“他”，故用动名词的复合结构his being late for work表示，说明“迟到”这件事是“他的”。故填his being late for work。 40．这名曾经躲过惩罚的嫌犯几年后终于被绳之以法。 This suspect who was finally brought to justice years later. 【答案】 once escaped punishment/once escaped being punished 【详解】考查时态和固定短语。“曾经”为“once”，“躲过惩罚”可以翻译为“escape punishment”或“escape being punished”，根据“was finally brought”可知，句子描述的为过去的事情，则谓语动词escape使用过去式，故填once escaped punishment或once escaped being punished。 三、阅读理解 【上海市建平中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】 Many factors can interfere with a good night’s sleep — from work stress and family responsibilities to illnesses. You might not be able to control the factors that interfere with your sleep. However, you can adopt habits that encourage better sleep. Start with these simple tips. 1. Stick to a sleep schedule Set aside no more than eight hours for sleep. The recommended amount of sleep for a healthy adult is at least seven hours. Most people don’t need more than eight hours in bed to be well rested. Go to bed and get up at the same time every day, including weekends. Being consistent reinforces your body’s sleep-wake cycle. If you don’t fall asleep within about 20 minutes of going to bed, leave your bedroom and do something relaxing. Read or listen to soothing music. Go back to bed when you’re tired. Repeat as needed, but continue to maintain your sleep schedule and wake-up time. 2. Pay attention to what you eat and drink Don’t go to bed hungry or stuffed. In particular, avoid heavy or large meals within a couple of hours of bedtime. Discomfort might keep you up. Caffeine and alcohol deserve caution, too. The stimulating effects of caffeine take hours to wear off and can interfere with sleep. And even though alcohol might make you feel sleepy at first, it can disrupt sleep later in the night. 3. Create a restful environment Keep your room cool, dark and quiet. Exposure to light in the evenings might make it more challenging to fall asleep. Avoid prolonged use of light-emitting screens just before bedtime. Consider using room-darkening shades, earplugs, a fan or other devices to create an environment that suits your needs. Doing calming activities before bedtime, such as taking a bath or using relaxation techniques, might promote better sleep. 4. Limit daytime naps Long daytime naps can interfere with nighttime sleep. Limit naps to no more than one hour and avoid napping late in the day. However, if you work nights, you might need to nap late in the day before work to help make up your sleep debt. 5. Include physical activity in your daily routine Regular physical activity can promote better sleep. However, avoid being active too close to bedtime. Spending time outside every day might be helpful, too. 6. Manage worries Try to resolve your worries or concerns before bedtime. Jot down what’s on your mind and then set it aside for tomorrow. Stress management might help. Start with the basics, such as getting organized, setting priorities and delegating tasks. 1. What can be learned from the passage? A. It’s not hard to control the factors interfering with our sleep. B. The longer we sleep, the better we feel. C. It’s better to remain in bed when you fail to fall asleep. D. Stress can contribute to bad sleep. 2. According to the article, which of the following encourages better sleep? A. Do physical exercise before going to bed. B. Drink alcohol to get sleepy. C. Avoid long naps during the day. D. Do some indoor activities. 3. This article is most likely to come from ____________. A. a travel magazine B. an advertisement C. a health magazine D. an informal letter 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些有助于睡眠的建议。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Many factors can interfere with a good night’s sleep — from work stress and family responsibilities to illnesses.(从工作压力、家庭责任到疾病，很多因素都会影响一个好的睡眠)”可知，压力会导致睡眠不好，故选D。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Long daytime naps can interfere with nighttime sleep.(白天小睡时间过长会影响夜间睡眠)”可知，白天避免长时间小睡可以促进更好的睡眠。故选C。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Many factors can interfere with a good night’s sleep — from work stress and family responsibilities to illnesses. You might not be able to control the factors that interfere with your sleep. However, you can adopt habits that encourage better sleep. Start with these simple tips.(从工作压力、家庭责任到疾病，很多因素都会影响一个好的睡眠。你可能无法控制干扰你睡眠的因素。然而，你可以养成促进更好睡眠的习惯。从这些简单的建议开始吧)”可推知，文章可能选自健康杂志。故选C。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$