衔接点08 主谓一致 （初高考点差异及衔接）-2024年初升高英语无忧衔接（通用版）

衔接点08 主谓一致 （初高考点差异及衔接） 初中要求 语法一致原则：主语和谓语通常在语法形式上保持一致,即主语是单数形式时,谓语动词也采用单数形式;主语是复数形式时,谓语动词也采用复数形式。 意义一致原则：意义一致又叫概念一致,即谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式要看主语所表达的概念。 高中要求 高中“主谓一致”主要学习句中主语的人称和数的变化外，还要考虑到谓语动词的时态和语态的变化。主要从并列结构作主语时与谓语的一致和单一主语情况下对谓语的要求，以及其他一些特殊情况下的主谓一致 【初中主谓一致考点聚焦】 1.There 　　　 a big tree behind the shop. You can see many birds in it.  A.is　　　 B.are　　　 C.was　　　 D.were 答案　A　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。空后的主语a big tree为单数,排除B、D选项,根据后面一句“You can see many birds in it.”可知,时态为一般现在时,故选A。 2.Neither Saturday nor Sunday 　　　OK because I will be busy these two days.  A.are　　　 B.is　　　 C.am　　　 D.be 答案　B　考查主谓一致。neither...nor...连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词与离它较近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。在本句中,离谓语动词较近的名词为Sunday,是单数形式,所以谓语动词也用单数形式,故选B。 3.This pair of socks 　　　soft. I'll take 　　　.   A.feel;it　　　　　 B.feels;it　　　 C.feels;them 答案　C　考查主谓一致和代词。“a pair of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数,因此第一空填feels,根据socks可知第二空填them。故选C。 4.She will fly to Haikou as soon as she 　　　 the task.   A.finish　　　　　 B.finishes　　　 C.finished 答案　B　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。as soon as“一……就……”,引导时间状语从句,主句为一般将来时,从句用一般现在时,且从句主语为第三人称单数。故选B。 5.—Let's eat some snacks. —Better not. Eating 　　　in the library.  A.are not allowed B.doesn't allow C.is not allowed 答案　C　考查被动语态和主谓一致。根据常识可知,在图书馆不允许吃东西。“吃东西”和“允许”之间是被动关系,故用被动语态,排除B;动名词作主语,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,故选C。 6.This pair of socks 　　　soft.I'll take 　　　.  A.feel;it　　　 B.feels;it　　　 C.feels;them 答案　C　本题考查动词和代词。根据This pair of可知第一空填feels,根据socks可知第二空填them。故答案选择C。 7.She will fly to Haikou as soon as she 　　　the task.  A.finish　　　 B.finishes　　　 C.finished 答案　B　本题考查时态和主谓一致。as soon as“一……就”,主句为一般将来时,从句用一般现在时,且从句主语为第三人称单数。故答案选择B。 8.As we all know, using public chopsticks 　　　necessary when we eat with others.  A.is　　　 B.are　　　 C.was 答案　A　本题考查主谓一致和时态。在本句中,动名词短语using public chopsticks作主语,谓语动词应用单数形式。由语境可知,本句为一般现在时,故选A。 9.To avoid gathering(聚集), neither the students nor their head teacher 　　　going to the party this evening.  A.was　　　 B.are　　　 C.is 答案　C　本题考查主谓一致的用法。这句话的主语由neither...nor...连接,根据“就近一致”原则,设空处需与their head teacher在人称和数上保持一致。且根据时间标志词this evening可知,应该使用一般将来时,故选is。 10.Not only Jim but also Lucy 　　　a few cities since they came to China.  A.will visit　　　 B.visited C.have visited　　　 D.has visited 答案　D　本题考查动词的时态和主谓一致。since引导的时间状语从句用了一般过去时,主句要用现在完成时;再根据就近一致原则可知选D。 11.Everyone except Tom and Jim 　　　going to visit some friends in Shenzhen.  A.is　　　 B.are　　　 C.am 答案　A　本题考查主谓一致。在本句中,不定代词Everyone是真正的主语, 谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故选A。 12.Two-thirds of the desert in that district 　　　covered with trees and grass.  A.have been　　　 B.has been C.have　　　 D.has 答案　B　本题考查主谓一致和动词的语态。本句的主语中心词desert“沙漠”为不可数名词,三分之二的沙漠仍然是沙漠,不会改变它不可数的属性,所以助动词用has;又因为沙漠是被覆盖。故选B。 13.The number of the volunteers in our city 　　　2,000. And sixty percent of them 　　　teachers and students.  A.is;is　　　 B.is;are C.are;is　　　 D.are;are 答案　B　本题考查主谓一致。the number of……的数目,中心词是number,谓语动词用单数。sixty percent of them 他们当中的60%,这里指的是老师和学生,应用复数。故选B。 【高中主谓一致考点聚焦】 考纲解读 在英语表达中，句子中的谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致，我们称之为“主谓一致”。要做到主谓一致，除了要考虑句中主语的人称和数的变化外，还要考虑到谓语动词的时态和语态的变化。在这一章中，以主语的变化为主导，引出谓语的可归纳性变化。主要从并列结构作主语时与谓语的一致和单一主语情况下对谓语的要求，以及其他一些特殊情况下的主谓一致三部分讲解。 典型例句：1.Either he or I am wrong.不是他错了，就是我错了。 2.The singer and dancer comes from Shanghai.那位歌舞演员来自上海。 3.A number of students like playing football.许多学生喜欢踢足球。 考点清单 一、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致 1.由and连接主语时 由and连接的两个或多个单数可数名词、不可数名词或者代词作主语时，要根据并列主语所表达的意义或概念来确定谓语动词的单复数形式，可以分为下列几种情况。 A.并列主语表示不同的人、物或概念时，谓语动词用复数形式。 Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students.李明和张华是好学生。 Like many others,the little tramp and the naughty boy have rushed there is search of gold. 像许多其他人一样，这个小流浪汉和这个顽皮的小男孩儿也赶到那儿去寻找金子。 Both rice and wheat are grown in this area.这个地区种植大米和小麦。 （切记：both...and...结构作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。） B.并列主语表示同一个人、物或概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。 The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting.那位教授兼作家正在会上发言。 A journalist and author lives on the sixth floor.一位新闻记者兼作家住在6楼。 His lawyer and former college friend was with him on his trip to Europe. 他的律师——他大学时代的朋友陪伴他去欧洲旅行。 The Premier and Foreign Minister was present at the state banquet.总理兼外长出席了国宴。 注意：指同一个人或物时，并列主语前只能用一个冠词；如果指不同的人或物时，各个并列主语前需要分别加冠词。但是当作并列主语的两个名词具有对立的意思时，主语前用一个冠词不会使人产生误解。 The Premier and the Foreign Minister are present at the state banquet. 总理和外长都出席了国宴。 A boy and girl are playing tennis.一个男孩和一个女孩在一起打网球。 C.并列主语前有each，every，many a，no等修饰语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Each doctor and (each) nurse working in the hospital was asked to help patients. 在这家医院工作的每一位医生和护士都要为病人提供帮助。 Every man,woman and child is entitled to take part in the activity.男人、女人和孩子都有权参与这项活动。 Every boy and (every) girl admires him for his fine sense of humour.所有的男孩和女孩都羡慕他那极好的幽默感。 Many a boy and (many a) girl has made the same mistake.许多男孩和女孩都犯了同样的错误。 说明：many a...跟单数可数名词，谓语动词也用单数形式，但表示复数意义，意为“许多”。 Many a student was disappointed after seeing the movie.许多学生看完这部电影之后都很失望。 No boy and no girl is there now.现在没有任何男孩或女孩在那儿。 D.并列主语作为不可分的整体时，谓语动词用单数形式。 A law and rule about protecting environment has been drawn up.（视“法规”为一个整体）一项关于环保的法规已经制定出来了。 The knife and fork has been washed.（视“刀叉”为一个整体）刀叉已经洗好了。 War and peace is a constant theme in history.（视“战争与和平”为一个整体）战争与和平是历史永恒的主题。 必背：常被视为一个整体的“A and B”结构 a cup and saucer一副杯碟 a horse and cart马车 a knife and fork一副刀叉 a law and rule法规 a needle and thread一套针线 fish and chips炸鱼加炸薯条 2.由（either）...or或neither...nor等连接主语时 由either...or，neither...nor，or，not only...but (also)...连接主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式采取就近一致原则，即与最靠近谓语动词的主语保持一致。 A or B（A或B……） 谓语动词的单复数形式与最靠近它的主语保持一致，在陈述句中与B保持一致，在疑问句中与A保持一致。 Either A or B（不是A就是B……） Neither A nor B（A和B都不……） Not only A but also B（不仅A……而且B……） Either you or Jane is to be sent to New York.要么你，要么简将被派往纽约。 Neither you nor he has finished the experiment.你和他都没有完成实验。 重要：在口语中，neither...nor连接的句子中的谓语动词也可用复数形式。这句话也可以说成：Neither you nor he have finished the experiment. Neither the teacher nor the students like this piece of music.老师和学生都不喜欢这首曲子。 Not only the old farmer but also his family were friendly to me.不仅是这位老农夫，连他的家人都待我很好。 Not only his friends but also he himself is looking forward to taking part in the party.不仅是他的朋友，连他自己也盼着参加这场聚会。 1. Not only Jim but also his parents _______ (be) fond of playing basketball. 2. Both you and he _____ (be) to host the Talent Show in our school this year? 3.Either you or one of your students _______ (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 4. When and where to build the new factory ______________(not, decide) yet. 5. What we need _______ (be) enough water, but what they need _______ (be) houses. 6.What we used to think _______(be) impossible now does seem possible. 7.Listening to loud music at rock concerts ___________(cause) hearing loss in some teenagers. 8. 40% of the population in that country ________(be) young, and two thirds of them _________(not) know how to read and write. 9.he company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third __________ (use) regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long. 10. One-third of the country__________(cover) with trees and the majority of the citizens _______ (be) black people. 11. Butter and bread ________(be) their daily food, but the bread and the butter __________(eat) up so far. 12. Early to bed and early to rise __________(make) a man healthy, happy and wise. 13. In our country every boy and every girl ________(have) the right to receive education.  14.A poet and artist _______ (be) coming to speak to us about Chinese literature this afternoon. 15.With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of earth ________(wash) away each year. 16.--Why does the lake smell terrible? ---Because large quantities of water__________ (pollute). 17.The number of people invited ______ (be) fifty, but a number of them _______(be)absent for different reasons. 18.As you can see, the number of cars on our roads __________(keep) rising these days. 19.Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who________(wear) evening dress. 21. Tommy was one of the doctors who________ (be) devoted to saving people’s lives in WuHan. 22. The summer holiday is coming and we each ______(be) ready for the picnic in the past weeks. 23."All _______ (be) present and all_______ (be) going on well," our head teacher said. 24. It is reported that many a new house_______________(build) at present in the disaster area. 25–Did you go to the show last night? –Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area___________ (invite). 26.All the scientific evidence_____(show) that increasing use of chemicals in farming _______ (be) damaging our health. 27. It is I, who _______ (be) your teacher, will try my best to help you out. 28. It is cutting down of trees that________ (destroy) the habitats of animals. 【答案与解析】 1. are。not only…but also…表示“不但……而且……”，这里距离谓语最近的主语是his parents，复数意义。故答案是are。 2. are。both…and表示“不但……而且……”，连接并列主语谓语抖音用复数形式。故答案是are。 3. is。either…or…表示“或者……或者……”，这里距离谓语最近的主语是one of your students，单数意义。be to do表示按计划将要发生，故答案是is。 4. isn’t decided /hasn’t been decided。动词不定式短语作主语，谓语动词应用单数；结合语境应用被动语态，故答案是isn’t decided /hasn’t been decided。 5. is; are。What引导主语从句且其解释作用，谓语动词应与be动词后面名词单复数保持一致，故答案是is; are。 6. was。used to do表示“过去常常会”，因此谓语应用一般过去时；同时从句作主语位于应用单数，故答案是was。 7. has caused。动名词短语作主语，谓语动词应用单数，结合语境应用现在完成时，故答案是has caused。 8. are; don’t。population作主语，谓语常用单数；若population被百分数、分数修饰谓语动词应用复数，故答案是are; don’t。 9. were used。分数作主语，谓语动词应与后面中心名词单复数保持一致；这里one third后面省略了of 20 notebook computers，复数意义；结合语境应用一般过去时，故答案是were used。 10. is covered; are。分数作主语，谓语动词应与后面中心名词单复数保持一致，本句分数后面中心名词是the country，单数意义；be covered with是固定词组；the majority of…短语作主语，也与中心名词一致；这里是the citizens，应用复数。故答案是is covered; are。 11. is; have been eaten。Butter and bread表示“黄油面包”，视为一个整体；第二空则指两件物品，应用复数，so far常与现在完成时连用，故答案是is; have been eaten。 12. makes。该句意为：早睡早起让人健康、快乐、明智。早睡早起都做到才算一个习惯，视为整体，故答案是makes。 13. has。由and连接的并列单数主语的前边如果有each, every时，其谓语要用单数形式，故答案是has。 14. is。A poet and artist表示“一位作家兼诗人”作主语，指一个人，谓语用单数，故答案是is。 15..are being washed。large/huge quantities of…作主语，表示“很多……”，不管后接复数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词与quantities一致用复数，结合语境该动作还在进行又是被动语态，故答案是are being washed。 16. have been polluted。large/huge quantities of…作主语，表示“很多……”，不管后接复数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词与quantities一致用复数，结合语境该动作对现在造成了影响。同时又是被动语态，故答案是have been polluted。 17. was; were。the number of…表示“……的数量”，谓语用单数；a number of表示“若干，许多”，谓语用复数。结合语境应用一般过去时。故答案是was; were。 18. keeps。the number of…表示“……的数量”，谓语用单数，结合语境应用一般现在时，故答案是keeps。 19. wears。the only one of 后接定语从句，从句谓语用单数；结合语境应用一般现在时。故答案是wears。 20. were。句意：Tommy是武汉致力于救人的医生之一。根据前文“was”可知，本句描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时；分析句子可知，空格处是定语从句中的谓语动词，定语从句的先行词为the doctors，关系词替代先行词，在从句中作主语，谓语动词用复数。故填were。 22. are。本句each是同位语，真正主语是we,谓语用复数形式。故答案是are。 23. are; is。不定代词all作主语，指人时谓语用复数；指物时谓语用单数。故答案是are; is。 24. is being built。many a new house表示“许多房屋”，但是遵循“语法一致”，谓语用单数；结合语境应用现在进行时的被动语态。故答案是is being built。 25. was invited。由and连接的并列单数主语的前边如果分别有each, every 或no修饰时，其谓语要用单数形式。结合语境应用一般过去时的被动语态。故答案是was invited。 26. shows; is。evidence表示“证据”，是不可数名词，谓语用单数；后半句主语是increasing use,仍是单数。故答案是shows; is。 27. am。在It is…that…强调句型中被强调部分是主语时，who/that后面谓语应与该主语保持一致。故答案是am。 28. destroys。句意：砍伐树木破坏了动物的栖息地。去掉句中的It is 和空处后，剩余部分：cutting down of trees destroys the habitats of animals，句意完整，成分齐全，所以本句使用了强调句型，对句子的主语cutting down of trees 进行强调，动名词作主语谓语动词用单数，故填destroys。 二、单一主语的主谓一致 1.以复数形式结尾的名词作主语时 A.有些表示学科名称的词，例如physics（物理），mathematics/maths（数学），economics（经济学），politics（政治学）等一般被看作形式是复数、意思是单数的词。它们作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。 As we know,Physics is a fundamental subject in science. 我们大家都知道，物理学是自然科学中的一门基础学科。 Mathematics is a required course for middle school students.数学是中学生的一门必修课。 重要：当mathematics表示“运算，计算”时，谓语动词用单、复数均可。 If my mathematics is/are right,the answer is 56.如果我的运算正确，答案就是56。 Einstein once said,“Politics is much more difficult than physics.” 爱因斯坦曾说：“政治比物理更难。” 补充：news（新闻），gymnastics（体操）等作主语时，谓语通常也要用单数形式。 The television news is at 7 o’clock in the evening every day.每天晚上7点钟有电视新闻。 Gymnastics is my sister’s favourite sport.体操是我妹妹最喜欢的运动。 B.有些名词如means（方法），works（工厂），crossroads（十字路口）等的单复数同形，因此需要根据其表达的是单数概念还是复数概念来确定谓语动词的单、复数。 The works was built in 1982.这座工厂是1982年建立的。 By far,three steelworks have been closed down in this city. 目前为止，这座城市已有3家炼钢厂关闭了。 This means of transport has been tried.这种运输方式已经尝试过了。 All possible means have been tired.所有可能的方法都试过了。 补充：deer（鹿）和sheep（羊）也是单复数同形的名词，因此当它们作主语时，要根据其所表达的意义的单复数来确定谓语动词的单数、复数。 C.由两部分组成的物体名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 chopsticks筷子 compasses圆规 glasses眼镜 gloves手套 jeans牛仔裤 pants裤子（美国英语） scissors剪子 shoes鞋 shorts短裤 socks短袜 trousers裤子，长裤（英国英语） My trousers are white and his clothes are black.我的裤子是白色的，他的衣服是黑色的。 Why are your shoes so dirty?你的鞋怎么这么脏？ 注意：如果这些词由单位词（pair，suit，piece，kind等）修饰时，则单位词的单、复数决定谓语动词的单、复数形式。 A pair of scissors is lying in that drawer.那个抽屉里有一把剪刀。 These kinds of glasses are popular this summer.今夏很流行这些款式的眼镜。 D.表示国名、人名、书名、组织机构等的专有名词作主语时，即使形式上是复数，谓语动词也要用单数形式。 The United States is a developed country.美国是一个发达国家。 The New York Times is widely read in the world.《纽约晚报》在世界上被广泛阅读。 E.以-s结尾的表示群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等的专有名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 The Himalayas have a magnificent variety of plants.喜马拉雅山脉上的植物种类繁多。 The Niagara Falls are splendid waterfalls.尼亚加拉大瀑布是美丽的瀑布。 切记：以下是一些以-s结尾的名词，它们作主语时，谓语用复数形式。 belongings财产 clothes衣服 earnings收入 goods货物 leavings剩余 savings储蓄 All the goods are very expensive.所有的货物都很贵。 2.集体名词作主语时 A.mankind，humanity，man作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。 Only man knows how to cook.只有人类懂得烹饪。 B.people，police，cattle，youth等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 The police are investigating the riot.警察在调查这起暴乱事件。 The cattle are grazing in the field.牛（群）正在牧场吃草。 C.family，crowd等作主语时，需根据情况确定谓语动词的单复数。 集体名词army，assembly，audience，band，club，committee，company，congress，crew，crowd，enemy，family，gang，government，group，herd，jury，population，public，team等作主语时，若强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若强调个体，谓语动词用复数形式。 The family is going to move to New York.（强调整体）这一家要搬到纽约去。 The family have different opinions about their going abroad.（强调家庭成员） 这一家人对搬往国外持有不同的看法。 The football club committee arranges all the matches.（强调整体）足球俱乐部委员会安排了所有的比赛。 The football club committee have decided to dismiss him.（强调委员会成员） 足球俱乐部委员会决定解雇他。 比较：a family，group，class作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 families，groups，classes作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 A group is coming to the zoo.一队人正朝动物园走来。 3.非谓语动词形式或从句作主语时 A.非谓语动词形式或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。 To improve agricultural land needs a lot of money.（不定式作主语）改善耕地质量需投入大量资金。 To see is to believe.（不定式作主语）百闻不如一见。 Swimming is a good way to keep health.（动词-ing形式作主语）游泳是个健身的好方法。 How they will solve the problem remains to be seen.（从句作主语）他们怎样解决这个问题还需拭目以待。 Whether she will come is not known.（从句作主语）她是否回来尚不得知。 B.多个非谓语动词或从句作主语时，如果表达的是一个概念，谓语动词就用单数形式；如果表达的是不同的概念，谓语动词就用复数形式。 Going to bed early and getting up early is good for your health.（表达一个概念）早睡早起有益于身体健康。 Reading books and playing table tennis are my great pleasure.（表达两个概念）读书、打乒乓球是我最大的快乐。 Listening,speaking,reading and writing are all important.（表达四个概念）听、说、读、写都很重要。 To be strict with oneself and to be kind to others are good qualities of a person.（表达两个概念）严于律己和宽厚待人都是良好的品德。 1. Her family_________ (be) larger than mine and her family __________ (watch) TV now. 2. After hearing his inspiring speech, the audience _____________(move) by his story and his words. 3. The committee _________ (make) up of 20 members, who _________ (be) all experts in medicine. 4. The police _____________(search) for the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre. 5. Every possible means ____________(try) to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. 6. All possible means ____________(try) to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. 7. The elderly _____________ (take)  good care of in our country at present. 8. Three years___________(pass) since they met last time, and for them, three years_____(be) really a long time. 9.The publication of Great Expectations, which ___________(be) both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens, status as a leading novelist. 【答案与解析】 1. is；are watching。该句意为：他们家庭比我们家大，现在她的家人们正在看电视。第一空family指整体，单数；第二空指家庭成员，应用复数。故答案是is；are watching。 2. were moved。根据语境逻辑应用一般过去时的被动语态；这里强调观众们，强调成员，应用复数形式。故答案是were moved。 3. is made; are。be made up of表示“由……组成”；the committee这里强调整体，单数意义。第二空是定语从句，先行词是20 members，复数意义，故答案是is made; are。 4. were searching。was/were doing…when…是固定句型，表示“正在做某事这时发生另一件意外的事”；police表示警察总称，复数意义。故答案是were searching。 5. has been tried。means用作名词，表示“方式；方法”，单复数同形。本句中means前边有限定词every,单数意义，故答案是has been tried。 6. have been tried。means用作名词，表示“方式；方法”，单复数同形。本句中means前边有限定词all,复数意义，故答案是have been tried。 7. are taken。结合语境应用被动语态；at present暗示用一般现在时；The elderly相当于The elderly people，复数意义，故答案是are taken。 8. has passed; is。前半句since应与现在完成时连用；时间、距离、金钱类名词作主语，谓语动词常用单数；第二空仍是单数意义，故答案是has passed; is。 9. was。Great Expectations是英国小说家狄更斯的名著《远大前程》，表示书籍、单位等概念应视为单数；结合语境应用一般过去时，故答案是was。 三、其他情况的主谓一致 1.表示距离等的复数名词作主语时 表示距离、时间、长度、金额、质量等的复数名词作主语时，常被看作整体，谓语动词通常用单数形式。这类复数名词有：miles，dollars，pounds，kilograms，kilometres，centimetres，millimetres，seconds，hours，years等。 Five dollars seems a fair price.5美元是个公道的价格。 Two kilometres is not very far for the young man.对这位年轻人来说，两千米不算远。 Five hours is a short time for such a difficult job.要完成如此艰难的动作，5个小时太短了。 重要：算式中的谓语动词一般用单数形式，有时也可以用复数形式。 Five times eight is/are forty.5乘以8等于40。 Four and eight makes/make twelve.4加8等于12。 Sixty minus seven leaves fifty-three.60减7等于53。 Forty-eight divided by six is eight.48除以6等于8。如果强调数目，谓语动词用复数。 One hundred cents make a dollar.100美分就是一美元。 More than twenty years have passed since they got married.他们夫妻已经共同走过了20多年。 2.everyone等不定代词作主语时 everyone，something等不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。这类不定代词有： Everyone in the class was surprised at the news.听到这则消息，班里每一个人都震惊了。 Listen!Someone is knocking at the door.听！有人在敲门。 Is anyone going to tell him the news?有谁打算告诉他这则消息吗？ 3.(each) one of...结构作主语时 each one of...，every one of...，anyone of...等结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，可归纳为： one +of+复数名词+谓语动词的单数形式 each every one each one anyone 说明：of之后的复数名词不是主语而是介词of的宾语，而of前面的one，every one等才是主语，因此谓语动词用单数形式。 Each of the girl in our class has a balloon.我们班的每个女孩都有一个气球。 Each of the students was asked to speak for three minutes.每个学生都要作3分钟的发言。 Every one of them is familiar to me.我对他们都很熟悉。 重要：each和every修饰主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；但each作复数主语的同位语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 Each/Every boy in our class has a skateboard.我们班的每个男孩都有一副滑板。 They each have a skateboard.他们每个人都有一副滑板。 Each/Every student has an English-Chinese dictionary.每个学生都有一本英汉词典。 The students each have an English-Chinese dictionary.学生每人都有一本英汉词典。 4.none of...结构作主语时 none+of+不可数名词+谓语动词的单数形式 none +of+可数名词复数/复数代词+谓语动词的单数形式或复数形式 neither either None of that money in the desk is his.（不可数名词）书桌里的那笔钱不是他的。 None of his classmates knows the truth.（可数名词） =None of his classmates know the truth.他的同学们都不知道真相。 None of the boys here likes dancing. =None of the boys here like dancing.这儿的男孩们都不喜欢跳舞。 Neither of the statements is true. =Neither of the statements are true.两种说法中没有一种是真实的。 Either of the qualifications is acceptable. =Either of the qualifications are acceptable. =Either qualification is acceptable.两种资格证明之中的任何一种都可以接受。 切记：neither或either作形容词与单数名词连用，谓语动词用单数。 5.分数/百分数+of...结构作主语时 分数/百分数+of+复数名词/复数代词+谓语动词的复数形式 分数/百分数+of+ 单数名词/单数代词 +谓语动词的单数形式 不可数名词 Two thirds of the students support the plan.三分之二的学生支持这项计划。 One tenth of them are suffering from this kind of illness. 他们之中有十分之一的人正遭受着这种疾病的折磨。 Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.地球表面四分之三是海洋。 Eighty percent of the employees in the company are from Beijing.这个公司80%的员工是北京人。 Thirty percent of its area is flooded each year.全国30%的地区年年遭受洪灾。 6.more (...) than one...结构作主语时 more (...) than one+单数名词+谓语动词的单数形式 more+复数名词+than one+谓语动词的复数形式 more than two+复数名词+谓语动词的复数形式 More than one white rose has bloomed in the garden. =More white roses than one have bloomed in the garden.花园里不止一朵白玫瑰开花了。 More than two white roses have bloomed.已经有两朵以上的白玫瑰开花了。 7.a/the number of...结构作主语时 a number of+复数名词+谓语动词的复数形式 the number of+复数名词+谓语动词的单数形式 A number of trees are green in April.四月里许多树都绿了。 A great number of tourists have been to the Great Wall.许多游客都去过长城。 A large number of workers were out of work because the factory was destroyed in flood. 由于工厂在洪灾中被毁坏，很多工人失业了。 The number of students in the computer class is limited to ten. 上计算机课的学生数目被限定为10。 The number of workers who were out of work was 1,000.失业工人的数目有1000。 比较：a number of意为“许多”；the number of意为“……的数目”。 8.there/here...引导句子时 由there和here引导的句子，主语不止一个时，谓语动词一般和邻近的那个主语保持一致。 There are some chairs and a table in the room.房间里有一些椅子和一张桌子。 There is a table and some chairs in the room.房间里有一张桌子和一些椅子。 There are two pens and a book here.这儿有两支钢笔、一本书。 There is a book and two pens here.这儿有一本书、两支钢笔。 Here are some gifts for you.这儿有给你的一些礼物。 Here is a book,a pen and some paper for you.这儿有你的一本书、一支钢笔和一些纸。 1. The following _______ (be) some other examples for you to refer to. 2. There _______(be) millions of websites on the Internet and there _______(be) a lot of useful information on the websites. 3. In the 1980s, buried in the sands ________ (be) an ancient village, like a time capsule. 【答案与解析】 1. are。The following….属于倒装句，be动词应与后边的主语单复数保持一致。本句主语是some other examples，故答案是are。 2. are; is。There be…句型属于倒装句，be动词应与后边的主语单复数保持一致。两句主语分别是millions of websites和a lot of useful information，故答案是are; is。 3. was。句意：20世纪80年代，一个古老的村庄被埋在沙里，就像一个时间胶囊。根据句中时间状语In the 1980s可知，用一般过去时。分析句子结构可知，本句为倒装句，主语是 an ancient village，所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填was。 9.“A+with/but等+B”结构作主语时 当主语后面接用来说明主语的修饰语，如with，along with，together with，but，besides，except，like，including，in addition to，as well as，rather than等时，谓语动词不受修饰成分的影响，仍然同主语保持一致。即“A+with/but/as well as+B”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式与A保持一致。 A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift. 一座有5000册书的图书馆被作为礼物送给了这个国家。 The teacher,along with her students,is going to attend the lecture.老师和她的学生将要去听报告。 A peasant,together with some soldiers,is about to help us.一个农民和一些士兵即将来帮助我们。 All but one have arrived here.除了一个人之外所有的人都在这儿了。 No one except two students was late for class yesterday.昨天，除了两名学生外，再没有其他人上课迟到了。 The garage,in addition to the house,was burned.车库和房子全都被烧毁了。 She as well as the other girls is going to another supermarket.她和其他女孩打算去另一个超市。 You as well as I are wrong.不光我，你也错了。 The father,rather than the brothers,is responsible.不是兄弟们，而是父亲应当负责任。 说明：rather than通常用于平行结构中，意为“不是……而是……”。 1.The musician along with his band members ______________(give) ten performances in the last three months. 2.Amy, as well as her brothers, _____________ (give) a welcome when returning to the village last week. 3.Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _____________(regard) as one of the best all-round forms of exercise. 【答案与解析】 1. has given。in the last three months常与现在完成时连用；along with his band members是介词短语，真正主语是The musician。故答案是has given。 2. was given。last week常与一般过去时连用；as well as her brothers表示“也，而且”，谓语与真正的主语Tom保持一致，单数意义，又是被动语态。故答案是was given。 3. is regarded。Nowadays常与一般现在时连用；along with jogging and swimming是介词短语，真正主语是cycling，单数意义，又是被动含义。故答案是is regarded。 10.“the+形容词”作主语时 “the+形容词”作主语时，需根据情况确定谓语动词的单复数。当表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式；当表示抽象概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。这类形容词有old，young，living，dead，rich，poor，deaf，blind，dumb等。 The injured were carried away on stretchers.受伤的人被人用担架给抬走了。 The old are more likely to catch cold than the young.老年人比年轻人更容易感冒。 The rich are for the decision but the poor are against it. =Rich people are for the decision but poor people are against it.富人们支持这项决议，而穷人们反对它。 The young are always full of vitality.年轻人总是充满了活力。 The unknown is always something to be feared.未知的东西总是令人害怕。 The beautiful is not always the good,and the good is not always the true.美未必是善，善未必是真。 The true is to be distinguished from the false.真应与假相的区别。 The good is what people like.人们总是喜欢美好的东西。（good指“美”，表示单数意义） In many stories,the good are well rewarded and the bad are punished.在很多故事中，好人有好报，坏人有坏报。 （good指“好人”，表示复数意义） 基础题 一．语法选择 2021 is the year of the ox(牛). In March, a set of stamps about the famous Tang Dynasty painting, Five Oxen, came out. It 　1　 more people to better know the great art of ancient China, as well as the importance of agriculture(农业) in history.   Han Huang (723-787) was the painter of Five Oxen. He worked as a government official in the Tang Dynasty. His paintings　2　 by many because the animals he painted were so alive. Unluckily, Five Oxen is probably his only painting left.   Five Oxen is one of the best animal paintings in China's art history. In the painting, the five oxen　3　 in a line. They are of different colors and shapes. And each　4　 a different appearance(形态), walking or standing, holding their heads high or low. With lively expressions and bright eyes, the oxen show the spirit of doing hard work without complaints(抱怨). As the name suggests, the painting is of the five oxen with no special background. It makes people focus(关注) on the oxen themselves.   The painting was missing in 1900. Luckily, it returned to China during the early 1950s. However, it was terribly broken with many holes in it. Great efforts were made to save it. Now Five Oxen, probably the oldest Chinese painting on paper, 　5　 with care in the Palace Museum in Beijing.   1.A.allow B.allows C.allowed 2.A.love B.was loved C.were loved 3.A.is　　　 B.are　　　 C.were 4.A.have　　　 B.has　　　 C.had 5.A.kept　　　 B.is kept　　　 C.are kept 语篇解读　本文介绍了唐代名画——《五牛图》。 1.B　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处是对这套《五牛图》邮票的说明,应用一般现在时,主语It为第三人单数,故选B。 2.C　考查被动语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,主语His paintings和love之间存在被动关系,根据语境可知,当时他的画受到很多人的喜爱,所以用一般过去时的被动语态,且主语为复数,故选C。 3.B　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处是对这幅名画的介绍,应用一般现在时,且主语the five oxen为复数,故选B。 4.B　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处是对这幅名画的介绍,应用一般现在时,此处主语each为第三人称单数,故选B。 5.B　考查被动语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,Five Oxen 和keep之间存在被动关系,又因主语Five Oxen指那幅画,是第三人称单数,故选B。 二、语法选择 　　After nearly five years of construction (建设), the Beijing Daxing International Airport 　1　 on Sept. 25, 2019. Five years 　2　 really not a long time for building such a big airport. Seated in the south of Beijing, it is the world's largest transportation hub (枢纽). The Guardian listed it as one of the “seven wonders of the modern world”.   Gardens There 　3　 five gardens at the end of five boarding (登机) gates. At the end of the northern boarding gate 　4　 the Chinese garden. There are Chinese-style buildings in it. People can hang out in the garden while waiting for their flights.   Flight terminal The airport is very large. It has the world's largest flight terminal (航站楼) in a single building. The building 　5　 an area of 700,000 square meters—the size of 98 soccer fields. The number of passengers here each year 　6　 more than 100 million. The terminal looks like a starfish. The distance between the central area and the farthest boarding gate 　7　 600 meters. It only 　8　 eight minutes to walk between the two.   Parking lot The parking lot is in the southern part of the airport. It's close to the flight terminal. A robot-operated parking system 　9　 used. After drivers 　10　 their cars, robots will lift the cars and carry them to an open parking space. When collecting (领取) their cars, drivers can use their parking tickets to get information on where to find their cars.  1.A.is open　　　 B.are open C.was open　　　 D.were open 2.A.is　　　 B.are C.was　　　 D.were 3.A.is　　　 B.are C.was　　　 D.were 4.A.is　　　 B.are C.was　　　 D.were 5.A.have　　　 B.has C.will have　　　 D.had 6.A.is　　　 B.are C.was　　　 D.were 7.A.is　　　 B.are C.was　　　 D.were 8.A.take　　　 B.takes C.spend　　　 D.spends 9.A.is　　　 B.are C.was　　　 D.were 10.A.park　　　 B.parks C.will park　　　 D.parked 文章介绍了北京大兴国际机场。 1.C　本题考查动词的时态和主谓一致。由本句的时间状语on Sept. 25, 2019可知,此处应用一般过去时;再根据句子的主语the Beijing Daxing International Airport可知谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故选C。 2.A　本题考查主谓一致。Five years为一段时间,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。故选A。 3.B　本题考查主谓一致和动词时态。此处是介绍大兴机场的一些客观事实,故用一般现在时;在there be结构中,be动词的单复数由其后所跟的名词的单复数决定。故根据空后的five gardens可知选B。 4.A　本题考查主谓一致和动词时态。本句为倒装句,主语为the Chinese garden,所以谓语动词应用单数形式,时态为一般现在时,故选A。 5.B　本题考查动词的时态和主谓一致。主语The building是单数概念且根据上下文可知时态为一般现在时。故选B。 6.A　本题考查主谓一致。本句的主语是The number of...,表示“……的数量”,且时态为一般现在时,故选A。 7.A　本题考查时态和主谓一致。本句的主语是The distance,为单数形式,且时态为一般现在时,故选A。 8.B　本题考查动词辨析和主谓一致。It takes some time to do sth.做某事花费多长时间。故选B。 9.A　本题考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本句的主语是A robot-operated parking system,且时态为一般现在时。故选A。 10.A　本题考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处时态为一般现在时,且主语drivers是名词复数。故选A。 提高题 一．单句语法填空 1.Since 2016 when the company ________ (found), ChopValue has rescued billions of chopsticks from landfills. 2.The formation of each celadon ________ (be) a process of life casting. Only after being burnt at around 1300℃ for 400 hours can it be made into an object. 3.What ________(make) people moved is not the film itself but the heroes of the war years. 4.However, as society ________(progress), the rapid rise in incomes and higher living standards will see more Chinese searching for experiences that are anything but traditional. 5.While we can't guard against all misfortunes and diseases, getting to know some first aid skills ________ (be) quite useful. 6.Reading articles and short posts ________ (play) an important role in integrating knowledge and achievements. 7.On that day, there ________ (be) lots of conventional celebration activities. 8.For instance, chess ________ (recognize) as a sport by the International Olympic Committee in 1999. 9.It can be employed to create artworks and realistically reproduce all kinds of Chinese calligraphy and paintings. Among the famous prints ________ (be) “Night Revels of Han Xizai”． 1.was founded　动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据句中的2016可知，该处用一般过去时；主语the company表示单数，且和动词found之间为被动关系。故填was founded。 2.is　考查时态及主谓一致。句意：每个青瓷的形成都是一个生命铸造的过程。根据句意可知，此句描述一般事实，故用一般现在时，故填is。 3.makes　考查时态和主谓一致。句意：让人感动的不是电影本身，而是战争年代的英雄们。句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时，What引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。 4.progresses　考查时态和主谓一致。句意：然而，随着社会的进步，收入的迅速增长和生活水平的提高，将会有更多的中国人寻求传统以外的体验。根据句中时态可知，用一般现在时。主语society是单数名词，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 5.is　考查时态和主谓一致。句意：虽然我们不能预防所有的不幸和疾病，但了解一些急救技能是非常有用的。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 6.plays　考查主谓一致。句意：阅读长文和短文在整合知识方面都起着重要的作用。分析句子结构，此空在句中做谓语，主语“Reading articles and short posts”为单数概念，根据上下文，用一般现在时态。 7.are　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：在那一天，有很多传统的庆祝活动。there be句型中的谓语动词单复数一般采用“就近原则”，与后面的名词保持人称和数的一致，后面的中心词是activities，所以要填复数形式，描述一般事实用一般现在时，故填are。 8.was recognized　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知， recognize是本句的谓语。结合时间状语in 1999可知，时态用一般过去时；主语chess与recognize之间是被动关系；主语chess为第三人称单数。所以空处填was recognized。 9.is　考查时态和主谓一致。该句为倒装句。句子的主语为“Night Revels of Han Xizai”，故谓语动词应用单数形式；又因为该句陈述的是客观事实，故用一般现在时，故填is。 A Tokyo clothing maker Sweet Mommy has animal worked with an doctor to make a wearable cooling device(装置)for house pets like dogs and cats.The company hopes that the device will help pets that cannot take off their fur coats during Japan's hot summer. Rei Uzawa is president of Sweet Mommy. She wanted to make the device after seeing her pet suffering in the heat. She said her dog was very tired every time it was taken out for a walk. She got her idea from seeing wearable air conditioners(空调机），like Sony's Reon Pocket that can remove heat to cool the human body. Sweet Mommy's device is called Cool Dog but it is good for cats, too. Uzawa said it was made with the help of an animal doctor at Oasis Animal Hospital. The device is a battery-powered(电池供电的)fan. It is fixed on thin pet clothes and blows air around the animal's body. It weighs only 80 grams. “There was almost no rainy season this year, so the hot days came early, and in that sense, I think we developed a product that is right for the market,”Uzawa said. After the rainy season ended in late June, Tokyo suffered the longest heatwave on record. Temperatures up to 35℃ were reported for nine days. "I usually use dry ice packs to keep the dog cool.But it's easier to walk my dog if we have this fan.”said Mami Kumamoto. the owner of two dogs. The device came out in early July. Uzawa said Sweet Mommy has received around100 orders for the product. It. comes in five different sizes for a price of about $74. 1.What is Cool Dog used to do? 2.Where did Uzawa get the idea of making Cool Dog? 3.What does Uzawawhich think of the future about Cool Dog? 4.What may be the disadvantage of dry ice packs? 5.What's the best title for the passage? 长难句分析 原句：（第一段最后一句)The company hopes that the device will help pets that cannot take off their fur coats during Japan's hot summer. 译文：该公司希望这款装置能帮助那些无法在日本炎热的夏天里“脱掉毛皮大衣”的宠物。 分析：这是一个复合句。that the device will help pets...hot summer是that引导的宾语从句，作hopes的宾语。在该宾语从句中，that cannot take off...hot summer为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词pets。 译文 东京一家服装制造商Sweet Mommy与一位兽医合作，为猫狗等家宠制造了一种可穿戴的降温装置。该公司希望这款装置能帮助那些无法在日本炎热的夏天里“脱掉毛皮大衣”的宠物。 Rei Uzawa 是Sweet Mommy的总裁。她看到自己的宠物在高温下受苦后，就想制作这个装置。她说她的狗每次被带出去散步都很疲乏。在看到索尼的 ReonPocket这种可穿戴空调后她便有了灵感，Reon Pocket可以散热，给人体降温。 Sweet Mommy的装置被称为Cool Dog，但它对猫也有好处。Uzawa说，该设备是在Oasis动物医院里一位兽医的帮助下制作的，是一个由电池供电的风扇。它被固定在薄薄的宠物衣服上，给动物的身体周围吹气。它的重量仅有80克。 Uzawa说：“今年几乎没有雨季，所以炎热的天气来得更早，从这个角度来说，我认为我们开发了一款适合市场的产品。”6月底雨季结束后，东京遭遇了有史以来持续时间最长的热浪。据报道，连续9天气温高达35℃。 养了两只狗的 Mami Kumamoto 说：“我一般用干冰袋给狗狗降温。但要是我们有了这个风扇，遛狗就容易多了。”该装置于7月初推出。Uzawa 说 Sweet Mommy 已经接到了大约100份产品订单。它有五种不同的规格，价格约为74美元。 答案详析 1. Keep pets cool in hot weather.。根据第一段第一句“A Tokyo clothing maker Sweet Mommy...make a wearable cooling device for house pets...”和第三段第一句中的“Sweet Mommy's device is called Cool Dog”可知，Cool Dog 是 Sweet Mommy公司制造的一种可穿戴装置，用来帮助宠物在炎热的天气中保持凉爽。 2. A wearable cooling device for humans.。根据第二段最后一句“She 21got her idea from seeing wearable air conditioners ...cool the human body.”可知，Uzawa 制造Cool Dog的想法来自能使人变凉快的可穿戴空调机。 3. It may have a bright future in the market.。根据第四段中Uzawa说的话“I think we developed a product that is right for the market”可知，Uzawa认为Cool Dog是一款适合市场的产品，即她认为 Cool Dog 的市场前景光明。 4. They aren't easy to carry。根据最后一段中 Mami Kumamoto 说的话“I usually use dry ice packs to keep the dog cool. But it's easier to walk my dog if we have this fan”可知，她通常用干冰袋来给狗降温,但是这款可穿戴风扇让遛狗变得更容易了。由此可知，用干冰袋是不方便的，故推测干冰袋不易携带。 5. A wearable fan for pets。通读全文可知，文章介绍了一款帮助宠物降温的可穿戴风扇——Cool Dog。 “一款可穿戴的宠物风扇”最适合作本文标题。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 衔接点08 主谓一致 （初高考点差异及衔接） 初中要求 语法一致原则：主语和谓语通常在语法形式上保持一致,即主语是单数形式时,谓语动词也采用单数形式;主语是复数形式时,谓语动词也采用复数形式。 意义一致原则：意义一致又叫概念一致,即谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式要看主语所表达的概念。 高中要求 高中“主谓一致”主要学习句中主语的人称和数的变化外，还要考虑到谓语动词的时态和语态的变化。主要从并列结构作主语时与谓语的一致和单一主语情况下对谓语的要求，以及其他一些特殊情况下的主谓一致 【初中主谓一致考点聚焦】 1.There 　　　 a big tree behind the shop. You can see many birds in it.  A.is　　　 B.are　　　 C.was　　　 D.were 2.Neither Saturday nor Sunday 　　　OK because I will be busy these two days.  A.are　　　 B.is　　　 C.am　　　 D.be 3.This pair of socks 　　　soft. I'll take 　　　.   A.feel;it　　　　　 B.feels;it　　　 C.feels;them 4.She will fly to Haikou as soon as she 　　　 the task.   A.finish　　　　　 B.finishes　　　 C.finished 5.—Let's eat some snacks. —Better not. Eating 　　　in the library.  A.are not allowed B.doesn't allow C.is not allowed 6.This pair of socks 　　　soft.I'll take 　　　.  A.feel;it　　　 B.feels;it　　　 C.feels;them 7.She will fly to Haikou as soon as she 　　　the task.  A.finish　　　 B.finishes　　　 C.finished 8.As we all know, using public chopsticks 　　　necessary when we eat with others.  A.is　　　 B.are　　　 C.was 9.To avoid gathering(聚集), neither the students nor their head teacher 　　　going to the party this evening.  A.was　　　 B.are　　　 C.is 10.Not only Jim but also Lucy 　　　a few cities since they came to China.  A.will visit　　　 B.visited C.have visited　　　 D.has visited 11.Everyone except Tom and Jim 　　　going to visit some friends in Shenzhen.  A.is　　　 B.are　　　 C.am 12.Two-thirds of the desert in that district 　　　covered with trees and grass.  A.have been　　　 B.has been C.have　　　 D.has 13.The number of the volunteers in our city 　　　2,000. And sixty percent of them 　　　teachers and students.  A.is;is　　　 B.is;are C.are;is　　　 D.are;are 【高中主谓一致考点聚焦】 考纲解读 在英语表达中，句子中的谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致，我们称之为“主谓一致”。要做到主谓一致，除了要考虑句中主语的人称和数的变化外，还要考虑到谓语动词的时态和语态的变化。在这一章中，以主语的变化为主导，引出谓语的可归纳性变化。主要从并列结构作主语时与谓语的一致和单一主语情况下对谓语的要求，以及其他一些特殊情况下的主谓一致三部分讲解。 典型例句：1.Either he or I am wrong.不是他错了，就是我错了。 2.The singer and dancer comes from Shanghai.那位歌舞演员来自上海。 3.A number of students like playing football.许多学生喜欢踢足球。 考点清单 一、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致 1.由and连接主语时 由and连接的两个或多个单数可数名词、不可数名词或者代词作主语时，要根据并列主语所表达的意义或概念来确定谓语动词的单复数形式，可以分为下列几种情况。 A.并列主语表示不同的人、物或概念时，谓语动词用复数形式。 Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students.李明和张华是好学生。 Like many others,the little tramp and the naughty boy have rushed there is search of gold. 像许多其他人一样，这个小流浪汉和这个顽皮的小男孩儿也赶到那儿去寻找金子。 Both rice and wheat are grown in this area.这个地区种植大米和小麦。 （切记：both...and...结构作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。） B.并列主语表示同一个人、物或概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。 The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting.那位教授兼作家正在会上发言。 A journalist and author lives on the sixth floor.一位新闻记者兼作家住在6楼。 His lawyer and former college friend was with him on his trip to Europe. 他的律师——他大学时代的朋友陪伴他去欧洲旅行。 The Premier and Foreign Minister was present at the state banquet.总理兼外长出席了国宴。 注意：指同一个人或物时，并列主语前只能用一个冠词；如果指不同的人或物时，各个并列主语前需要分别加冠词。但是当作并列主语的两个名词具有对立的意思时，主语前用一个冠词不会使人产生误解。 The Premier and the Foreign Minister are present at the state banquet. 总理和外长都出席了国宴。 A boy and girl are playing tennis.一个男孩和一个女孩在一起打网球。 C.并列主语前有each，every，many a，no等修饰语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Each doctor and (each) nurse working in the hospital was asked to help patients. 在这家医院工作的每一位医生和护士都要为病人提供帮助。 Every man,woman and child is entitled to take part in the activity.男人、女人和孩子都有权参与这项活动。 Every boy and (every) girl admires him for his fine sense of humour.所有的男孩和女孩都羡慕他那极好的幽默感。 Many a boy and (many a) girl has made the same mistake.许多男孩和女孩都犯了同样的错误。 说明：many a...跟单数可数名词，谓语动词也用单数形式，但表示复数意义，意为“许多”。 Many a student was disappointed after seeing the movie.许多学生看完这部电影之后都很失望。 No boy and no girl is there now.现在没有任何男孩或女孩在那儿。 D.并列主语作为不可分的整体时，谓语动词用单数形式。 A law and rule about protecting environment has been drawn up.（视“法规”为一个整体）一项关于环保的法规已经制定出来了。 The knife and fork has been washed.（视“刀叉”为一个整体）刀叉已经洗好了。 War and peace is a constant theme in history.（视“战争与和平”为一个整体）战争与和平是历史永恒的主题。 必背：常被视为一个整体的“A and B”结构 a cup and saucer一副杯碟 a horse and cart马车 a knife and fork一副刀叉 a law and rule法规 a needle and thread一套针线 fish and chips炸鱼加炸薯条 2.由（either）...or或neither...nor等连接主语时 由either...or，neither...nor，or，not only...but (also)...连接主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式采取就近一致原则，即与最靠近谓语动词的主语保持一致。 A or B（A或B……） 谓语动词的单复数形式与最靠近它的主语保持一致，在陈述句中与B保持一致，在疑问句中与A保持一致。 Either A or B（不是A就是B……） Neither A nor B（A和B都不……） Not only A but also B（不仅A……而且B……） Either you or Jane is to be sent to New York.要么你，要么简将被派往纽约。 Neither you nor he has finished the experiment.你和他都没有完成实验。 重要：在口语中，neither...nor连接的句子中的谓语动词也可用复数形式。这句话也可以说成：Neither you nor he have finished the experiment. Neither the teacher nor the students like this piece of music.老师和学生都不喜欢这首曲子。 Not only the old farmer but also his family were friendly to me.不仅是这位老农夫，连他的家人都待我很好。 Not only his friends but also he himself is looking forward to taking part in the party.不仅是他的朋友，连他自己也盼着参加这场聚会。 1. Not only Jim but also his parents _______ (be) fond of playing basketball. 2. Both you and he _____ (be) to host the Talent Show in our school this year? 3.Either you or one of your students _______ (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 4. When and where to build the new factory ______________(not, decide) yet. 5. What we need _______ (be) enough water, but what they need _______ (be) houses. 6.What we used to think _______(be) impossible now does seem possible. 7.Listening to loud music at rock concerts ___________(cause) hearing loss in some teenagers. 8. 40% of the population in that country ________(be) young, and two thirds of them _________(not) know how to read and write. 9.he company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third __________ (use) regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long. 10. One-third of the country__________(cover) with trees and the majority of the citizens _______ (be) black people. 11. Butter and bread ________(be) their daily food, but the bread and the butter __________(eat) up so far. 12. Early to bed and early to rise __________(make) a man healthy, happy and wise. 13. In our country every boy and every girl ________(have) the right to receive education.  14.A poet and artist _______ (be) coming to speak to us about Chinese literature this afternoon. 15.With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of earth ________(wash) away each year. 16.--Why does the lake smell terrible? ---Because large quantities of water__________ (pollute). 17.The number of people invited ______ (be) fifty, but a number of them _______(be)absent for different reasons. 18.As you can see, the number of cars on our roads __________(keep) rising these days. 19.Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who________(wear) evening dress. 21. Tommy was one of the doctors who________ (be) devoted to saving people’s lives in WuHan. 22. The summer holiday is coming and we each ______(be) ready for the picnic in the past weeks. 23."All _______ (be) present and all_______ (be) going on well," our head teacher said. 24. It is reported that many a new house_______________(build) at present in the disaster area. 25–Did you go to the show last night? –Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area___________ (invite). 26.All the scientific evidence_____(show) that increasing use of chemicals in farming _______ (be) damaging our health. 27. It is I, who _______ (be) your teacher, will try my best to help you out. 28. It is cutting down of trees that________ (destroy) the habitats of animals. 二、单一主语的主谓一致 1.以复数形式结尾的名词作主语时 A.有些表示学科名称的词，例如physics（物理），mathematics/maths（数学），economics（经济学），politics（政治学）等一般被看作形式是复数、意思是单数的词。它们作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。 As we know,Physics is a fundamental subject in science. 我们大家都知道，物理学是自然科学中的一门基础学科。 Mathematics is a required course for middle school students.数学是中学生的一门必修课。 重要：当mathematics表示“运算，计算”时，谓语动词用单、复数均可。 If my mathematics is/are right,the answer is 56.如果我的运算正确，答案就是56。 Einstein once said,“Politics is much more difficult than physics.” 爱因斯坦曾说：“政治比物理更难。” 补充：news（新闻），gymnastics（体操）等作主语时，谓语通常也要用单数形式。 The television news is at 7 o’clock in the evening every day.每天晚上7点钟有电视新闻。 Gymnastics is my sister’s favourite sport.体操是我妹妹最喜欢的运动。 B.有些名词如means（方法），works（工厂），crossroads（十字路口）等的单复数同形，因此需要根据其表达的是单数概念还是复数概念来确定谓语动词的单、复数。 The works was built in 1982.这座工厂是1982年建立的。 By far,three steelworks have been closed down in this city. 目前为止，这座城市已有3家炼钢厂关闭了。 This means of transport has been tried.这种运输方式已经尝试过了。 All possible means have been tired.所有可能的方法都试过了。 补充：deer（鹿）和sheep（羊）也是单复数同形的名词，因此当它们作主语时，要根据其所表达的意义的单复数来确定谓语动词的单数、复数。 C.由两部分组成的物体名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 chopsticks筷子 compasses圆规 glasses眼镜 gloves手套 jeans牛仔裤 pants裤子（美国英语） scissors剪子 shoes鞋 shorts短裤 socks短袜 trousers裤子，长裤（英国英语） My trousers are white and his clothes are black.我的裤子是白色的，他的衣服是黑色的。 Why are your shoes so dirty?你的鞋怎么这么脏？ 注意：如果这些词由单位词（pair，suit，piece，kind等）修饰时，则单位词的单、复数决定谓语动词的单、复数形式。 A pair of scissors is lying in that drawer.那个抽屉里有一把剪刀。 These kinds of glasses are popular this summer.今夏很流行这些款式的眼镜。 D.表示国名、人名、书名、组织机构等的专有名词作主语时，即使形式上是复数，谓语动词也要用单数形式。 The United States is a developed country.美国是一个发达国家。 The New York Times is widely read in the world.《纽约晚报》在世界上被广泛阅读。 E.以-s结尾的表示群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等的专有名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 The Himalayas have a magnificent variety of plants.喜马拉雅山脉上的植物种类繁多。 The Niagara Falls are splendid waterfalls.尼亚加拉大瀑布是美丽的瀑布。 切记：以下是一些以-s结尾的名词，它们作主语时，谓语用复数形式。 belongings财产 clothes衣服 earnings收入 goods货物 leavings剩余 savings储蓄 All the goods are very expensive.所有的货物都很贵。 2.集体名词作主语时 A.mankind，humanity，man作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。 Only man knows how to cook.只有人类懂得烹饪。 B.people，police，cattle，youth等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 The police are investigating the riot.警察在调查这起暴乱事件。 The cattle are grazing in the field.牛（群）正在牧场吃草。 C.family，crowd等作主语时，需根据情况确定谓语动词的单复数。 集体名词army，assembly，audience，band，club，committee，company，congress，crew，crowd，enemy，family，gang，government，group，herd，jury，population，public，team等作主语时，若强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若强调个体，谓语动词用复数形式。 The family is going to move to New York.（强调整体）这一家要搬到纽约去。 The family have different opinions about their going abroad.（强调家庭成员） 这一家人对搬往国外持有不同的看法。 The football club committee arranges all the matches.（强调整体）足球俱乐部委员会安排了所有的比赛。 The football club committee have decided to dismiss him.（强调委员会成员） 足球俱乐部委员会决定解雇他。 比较：a family，group，class作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 families，groups，classes作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 A group is coming to the zoo.一队人正朝动物园走来。 3.非谓语动词形式或从句作主语时 A.非谓语动词形式或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。 To improve agricultural land needs a lot of money.（不定式作主语）改善耕地质量需投入大量资金。 To see is to believe.（不定式作主语）百闻不如一见。 Swimming is a good way to keep health.（动词-ing形式作主语）游泳是个健身的好方法。 How they will solve the problem remains to be seen.（从句作主语）他们怎样解决这个问题还需拭目以待。 Whether she will come is not known.（从句作主语）她是否回来尚不得知。 B.多个非谓语动词或从句作主语时，如果表达的是一个概念，谓语动词就用单数形式；如果表达的是不同的概念，谓语动词就用复数形式。 Going to bed early and getting up early is good for your health.（表达一个概念）早睡早起有益于身体健康。 Reading books and playing table tennis are my great pleasure.（表达两个概念）读书、打乒乓球是我最大的快乐。 Listening,speaking,reading and writing are all important.（表达四个概念）听、说、读、写都很重要。 To be strict with oneself and to be kind to others are good qualities of a person.（表达两个概念）严于律己和宽厚待人都是良好的品德。 1. Her family_________ (be) larger than mine and her family __________ (watch) TV now. 2. After hearing his inspiring speech, the audience _____________(move) by his story and his words. 3. The committee _________ (make) up of 20 members, who _________ (be) all experts in medicine. 4. The police _____________(search) for the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre. 5. Every possible means ____________(try) to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. 6. All possible means ____________(try) to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. 7. The elderly _____________ (take)  good care of in our country at present. 8. Three years___________(pass) since they met last time, and for them, three years_____(be) really a long time. 9.The publication of Great Expectations, which ___________(be) both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens, status as a leading novelist. 三、其他情况的主谓一致 1.表示距离等的复数名词作主语时 表示距离、时间、长度、金额、质量等的复数名词作主语时，常被看作整体，谓语动词通常用单数形式。这类复数名词有：miles，dollars，pounds，kilograms，kilometres，centimetres，millimetres，seconds，hours，years等。 Five dollars seems a fair price.5美元是个公道的价格。 Two kilometres is not very far for the young man.对这位年轻人来说，两千米不算远。 Five hours is a short time for such a difficult job.要完成如此艰难的动作，5个小时太短了。 重要：算式中的谓语动词一般用单数形式，有时也可以用复数形式。 Five times eight is/are forty.5乘以8等于40。 Four and eight makes/make twelve.4加8等于12。 Sixty minus seven leaves fifty-three.60减7等于53。 Forty-eight divided by six is eight.48除以6等于8。如果强调数目，谓语动词用复数。 One hundred cents make a dollar.100美分就是一美元。 More than twenty years have passed since they got married.他们夫妻已经共同走过了20多年。 2.everyone等不定代词作主语时 everyone，something等不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。这类不定代词有： Everyone in the class was surprised at the news.听到这则消息，班里每一个人都震惊了。 Listen!Someone is knocking at the door.听！有人在敲门。 Is anyone going to tell him the news?有谁打算告诉他这则消息吗？ 3.(each) one of...结构作主语时 each one of...，every one of...，anyone of...等结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，可归纳为： one +of+复数名词+谓语动词的单数形式 each every one each one anyone 说明：of之后的复数名词不是主语而是介词of的宾语，而of前面的one，every one等才是主语，因此谓语动词用单数形式。 Each of the girl in our class has a balloon.我们班的每个女孩都有一个气球。 Each of the students was asked to speak for three minutes.每个学生都要作3分钟的发言。 Every one of them is familiar to me.我对他们都很熟悉。 重要：each和every修饰主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；但each作复数主语的同位语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 Each/Every boy in our class has a skateboard.我们班的每个男孩都有一副滑板。 They each have a skateboard.他们每个人都有一副滑板。 Each/Every student has an English-Chinese dictionary.每个学生都有一本英汉词典。 The students each have an English-Chinese dictionary.学生每人都有一本英汉词典。 4.none of...结构作主语时 none+of+不可数名词+谓语动词的单数形式 none +of+可数名词复数/复数代词+谓语动词的单数形式或复数形式 neither either None of that money in the desk is his.（不可数名词）书桌里的那笔钱不是他的。 None of his classmates knows the truth.（可数名词） =None of his classmates know the truth.他的同学们都不知道真相。 None of the boys here likes dancing. =None of the boys here like dancing.这儿的男孩们都不喜欢跳舞。 Neither of the statements is true. =Neither of the statements are true.两种说法中没有一种是真实的。 Either of the qualifications is acceptable. =Either of the qualifications are acceptable. =Either qualification is acceptable.两种资格证明之中的任何一种都可以接受。 切记：neither或either作形容词与单数名词连用，谓语动词用单数。 5.分数/百分数+of...结构作主语时 分数/百分数+of+复数名词/复数代词+谓语动词的复数形式 分数/百分数+of+ 单数名词/单数代词 +谓语动词的单数形式 不可数名词 Two thirds of the students support the plan.三分之二的学生支持这项计划。 One tenth of them are suffering from this kind of illness. 他们之中有十分之一的人正遭受着这种疾病的折磨。 Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.地球表面四分之三是海洋。 Eighty percent of the employees in the company are from Beijing.这个公司80%的员工是北京人。 Thirty percent of its area is flooded each year.全国30%的地区年年遭受洪灾。 6.more (...) than one...结构作主语时 more (...) than one+单数名词+谓语动词的单数形式 more+复数名词+than one+谓语动词的复数形式 more than two+复数名词+谓语动词的复数形式 More than one white rose has bloomed in the garden. =More white roses than one have bloomed in the garden.花园里不止一朵白玫瑰开花了。 More than two white roses have bloomed.已经有两朵以上的白玫瑰开花了。 7.a/the number of...结构作主语时 a number of+复数名词+谓语动词的复数形式 the number of+复数名词+谓语动词的单数形式 A number of trees are green in April.四月里许多树都绿了。 A great number of tourists have been to the Great Wall.许多游客都去过长城。 A large number of workers were out of work because the factory was destroyed in flood. 由于工厂在洪灾中被毁坏，很多工人失业了。 The number of students in the computer class is limited to ten. 上计算机课的学生数目被限定为10。 The number of workers who were out of work was 1,000.失业工人的数目有1000。 比较：a number of意为“许多”；the number of意为“……的数目”。 8.there/here...引导句子时 由there和here引导的句子，主语不止一个时，谓语动词一般和邻近的那个主语保持一致。 There are some chairs and a table in the room.房间里有一些椅子和一张桌子。 There is a table and some chairs in the room.房间里有一张桌子和一些椅子。 There are two pens and a book here.这儿有两支钢笔、一本书。 There is a book and two pens here.这儿有一本书、两支钢笔。 Here are some gifts for you.这儿有给你的一些礼物。 Here is a book,a pen and some paper for you.这儿有你的一本书、一支钢笔和一些纸。 1. The following _______ (be) some other examples for you to refer to. 2. There _______(be) millions of websites on the Internet and there _______(be) a lot of useful information on the websites. 3. In the 1980s, buried in the sands ________ (be) an ancient village, like a time capsule. 9.“A+with/but等+B”结构作主语时 当主语后面接用来说明主语的修饰语，如with，along with，together with，but，besides，except，like，including，in addition to，as well as，rather than等时，谓语动词不受修饰成分的影响，仍然同主语保持一致。即“A+with/but/as well as+B”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式与A保持一致。 A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift. 一座有5000册书的图书馆被作为礼物送给了这个国家。 The teacher,along with her students,is going to attend the lecture.老师和她的学生将要去听报告。 A peasant,together with some soldiers,is about to help us.一个农民和一些士兵即将来帮助我们。 All but one have arrived here.除了一个人之外所有的人都在这儿了。 No one except two students was late for class yesterday.昨天，除了两名学生外，再没有其他人上课迟到了。 The garage,in addition to the house,was burned.车库和房子全都被烧毁了。 She as well as the other girls is going to another supermarket.她和其他女孩打算去另一个超市。 You as well as I are wrong.不光我，你也错了。 The father,rather than the brothers,is responsible.不是兄弟们，而是父亲应当负责任。 说明：rather than通常用于平行结构中，意为“不是……而是……”。 1.The musician along with his band members ______________(give) ten performances in the last three months. 2.Amy, as well as her brothers, _____________ (give) a welcome when returning to the village last week. 3.Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _____________(regard) as one of the best all-round forms of exercise. 10.“the+形容词”作主语时 “the+形容词”作主语时，需根据情况确定谓语动词的单复数。当表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式；当表示抽象概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。这类形容词有old，young，living，dead，rich，poor，deaf，blind，dumb等。 The injured were carried away on stretchers.受伤的人被人用担架给抬走了。 The old are more likely to catch cold than the young.老年人比年轻人更容易感冒。 The rich are for the decision but the poor are against it. =Rich people are for the decision but poor people are against it.富人们支持这项决议，而穷人们反对它。 The young are always full of vitality.年轻人总是充满了活力。 The unknown is always something to be feared.未知的东西总是令人害怕。 The beautiful is not always the good,and the good is not always the true.美未必是善，善未必是真。 The true is to be distinguished from the false.真应与假相的区别。 The good is what people like.人们总是喜欢美好的东西。（good指“美”，表示单数意义） In many stories,the good are well rewarded and the bad are punished.在很多故事中，好人有好报，坏人有坏报。 （good指“好人”，表示复数意义） 基础题 一．语法选择 2021 is the year of the ox(牛). In March, a set of stamps about the famous Tang Dynasty painting, Five Oxen, came out. It 　1　 more people to better know the great art of ancient China, as well as the importance of agriculture(农业) in history.   Han Huang (723-787) was the painter of Five Oxen. He worked as a government official in the Tang Dynasty. His paintings　2　 by many because the animals he painted were so alive. Unluckily, Five Oxen is probably his only painting left.   Five Oxen is one of the best animal paintings in China's art history. In the painting, the five oxen　3　 in a line. They are of different colors and shapes. And each　4　 a different appearance(形态), walking or standing, holding their heads high or low. With lively expressions and bright eyes, the oxen show the spirit of doing hard work without complaints(抱怨). As the name suggests, the painting is of the five oxen with no special background. It makes people focus(关注) on the oxen themselves.   The painting was missing in 1900. Luckily, it returned to China during the early 1950s. However, it was terribly broken with many holes in it. Great efforts were made to save it. Now Five Oxen, probably the oldest Chinese painting on paper, 　5　 with care in the Palace Museum in Beijing.   1.A.allow B.allows C.allowed 2.A.love B.was loved C.were loved 3.A.is　　　 B.are　　　 C.were 4.A.have　　　 B.has　　　 C.had 5.A.kept　　　 B.is kept　　　 C.are kept 二、语法选择 　　After nearly five years of construction (建设), the Beijing Daxing International Airport 　1　 on Sept. 25, 2019. Five years 　2　 really not a long time for building such a big airport. Seated in the south of Beijing, it is the world's largest transportation hub (枢纽). The Guardian listed it as one of the “seven wonders of the modern world”.   Gardens There 　3　 five gardens at the end of five boarding (登机) gates. At the end of the northern boarding gate 　4　 the Chinese garden. There are Chinese-style buildings in it. People can hang out in the garden while waiting for their flights.   Flight terminal The airport is very large. It has the world's largest flight terminal (航站楼) in a single building. The building 　5　 an area of 700,000 square meters—the size of 98 soccer fields. The number of passengers here each year 　6　 more than 100 million. The terminal looks like a starfish. The distance between the central area and the farthest boarding gate 　7　 600 meters. It only 　8　 eight minutes to walk between the two.   Parking lot The parking lot is in the southern part of the airport. It's close to the flight terminal. A robot-operated parking system 　9　 used. After drivers 　10　 their cars, robots will lift the cars and carry them to an open parking space. When collecting (领取) their cars, drivers can use their parking tickets to get information on where to find their cars.  1.A.is open　　　 B.are open C.was open　　　 D.were open 2.A.is　　　 B.are C.was　　　 D.were 3.A.is　　　 B.are C.was　　　 D.were 4.A.is　　　 B.are C.was　　　 D.were 5.A.have　　　 B.has C.will have　　　 D.had 6.A.is　　　 B.are C.was　　　 D.were 7.A.is　　　 B.are C.was　　　 D.were 8.A.take　　　 B.takes C.spend　　　 D.spends 9.A.is　　　 B.are C.was　　　 D.were 10.A.park　　　 B.parks C.will park　　　 D.parked 提高题 一．单句语法填空 1.Since 2016 when the company ________ (found), ChopValue has rescued billions of chopsticks from landfills. 2.The formation of each celadon ________ (be) a process of life casting. Only after being burnt at around 1300℃ for 400 hours can it be made into an object. 3.What ________(make) people moved is not the film itself but the heroes of the war years. 4.However, as society ________(progress), the rapid rise in incomes and higher living standards will see more Chinese searching for experiences that are anything but traditional. 5.While we can't guard against all misfortunes and diseases, getting to know some first aid skills ________ (be) quite useful. 6.Reading articles and short posts ________ (play) an important role in integrating knowledge and achievements. 7.On that day, there ________ (be) lots of conventional celebration activities. 8.For instance, chess ________ (recognize) as a sport by the International Olympic Committee in 1999. 9.It can be employed to create artworks and realistically reproduce all kinds of Chinese calligraphy and paintings. Among the famous prints ________ (be) “Night Revels of Han Xizai”． A Tokyo clothing maker Sweet Mommy has animal worked with an doctor to make a wearable cooling device(装置)for house pets like dogs and cats.The company hopes that the device will help pets that cannot take off their fur coats during Japan's hot summer. Rei Uzawa is president of Sweet Mommy. She wanted to make the device after seeing her pet suffering in the heat. She said her dog was very tired every time it was taken out for a walk. She got her idea from seeing wearable air conditioners(空调机），like Sony's Reon Pocket that can remove heat to cool the human body. Sweet Mommy's device is called Cool Dog but it is good for cats, too. Uzawa said it was made with the help of an animal doctor at Oasis Animal Hospital. The device is a battery-powered(电池供电的)fan. It is fixed on thin pet clothes and blows air around the animal's body. It weighs only 80 grams. “There was almost no rainy season this year, so the hot days came early, and in that sense, I think we developed a product that is right for the market,”Uzawa said. After the rainy season ended in late June, Tokyo suffered the longest heatwave on record. Temperatures up to 35℃ were reported for nine days. "I usually use dry ice packs to keep the dog cool.But it's easier to walk my dog if we have this fan.”said Mami Kumamoto. the owner of two dogs. The device came out in early July. Uzawa said Sweet Mommy has received around100 orders for the product. It. comes in five different sizes for a price of about $74. 1.What is Cool Dog used to do? 2.Where did Uzawa get the idea of making Cool Dog? 3.What does Uzawawhich think of the future about Cool Dog? 4.What may be the disadvantage of dry ice packs? 5.What's the best title for the passage? 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$