衔接点10 非谓语动词2（Ving）（初高考点差异及衔接）-2024年初升高英语无忧衔接（通用版）

衔接点10 非谓语动词2（Ving）（初高考点差异及衔接） 初中要求 初中学习动词-ing形式作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等基础用法 高中要求 高中学习动词-ing形式在句中起名词，形容词或者副词的作用，及担当除谓语以外的任何成分，即：主语、表语、宾语（介词宾语和动词宾语）、定语、状语和宾语补足语，有些动词和动词词组后面只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语。 【初中非谓语动词（Ving）考点聚焦】 1.—How can I improve my pronunciation, Madam? —Keep on 　　　and you'll make progress.  A.practice B.practicing C.to practice 2.It is hard for people to move forward with a strong wind 　　　hard.  A.blown B.blowing C.to blow 3.Remember to use sunglasses to stop the sun from 　　　directly in your eyes.  A.shine B.shining C.to shine 4.During our holidays, we should avoid 　　　up at night and oversleeping in the morning.  A.staying B.to stay C.stayed 5.A group of elephants in Yunnan Province have trouble 　　　proper living places. We should help them.  A.find B.finding C.to find 6.Diana used to　　　to work, but now she is used to　　　because the road is crowded and she wants to keep fit.   A.drive;walk B.drive;walking C.driving;walk 7.I haven't seen my best friend Lucy for 2 months. I'm looking forward to　　　a video call with her.   A.have B.having C.has 8.The twin brothers are busy 　　　artworks from ocean waste.  A.making B.make C.to make 9.Frank and his friends had great fun 　　　volleyball on the beach yesterday.  A.play B.playing C.to play 10.Sue practices 　　　 the violin hard and often gives wonderful performances.  A.play B.playing C.to play 11.Look at the sign! “No 　　　(swim)”. You can't swim here.   12.People around the world are working on 　　　(reduce)the causes of global warming.  13.He became interested in 　　　(collect) kites after he watched a documentary.  【高中非谓语动词（Ving）考点聚焦】 考纲解读 动词-ing形式也是一种非谓语动词，由“动词原形+ing”构成，因此具有动词的性质，有时也相当于一个名词、形容词或副词。动词-ing形式在句中可以担任除谓语以外的任何成分，有时态和语态的变化。 典型例句：1.Seeing is believing.眼见为实。（动词-ing形式作主语和表语） 2.This is a new type of self-winding watch.这是一种新款的自动上弦手表。（动词-ing形式作定语） 3.She was lying in bed crying.她躺在床上哭。（动词-ing形式作状语） 考点清单 一.动词-ing形式概述 动词-ing形式是非谓语动词，它由“动词原形+ing”构成。有的动词-ing形式在句中起名词的作用，有的则起形容词或者副词的作用，所以在句子中，动词-ing形式可以担当除谓语以外的任何成分，即：主语、表语、宾语（介词宾语和动词宾语）、定语、状语和宾语补足语，有些动词和动词词组后面只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语。动词-ing形式仍然具有动词的若干特点，所以它可以有自己的宾语和状语等。 动词-ing形式的时态和语态详见下表（以write为例）： 时态 语态 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 writing （动词原形+ing） being written （being+过去分词） 完成式 having written （having+过去分词） having been written （having been+过去分词） 二.动词-ing形式的用法 一.动词-ing形式作主语 1.基本用法 动词-ing形式作主语通常表示事物化、抽象化的概念，谓语动词一律用单数。 Talking mends no holes.空谈无济于事。 Climbing mountains is a good way to keep fit.爬山是保持健康的好方法。 Can playing soft music records make me relax?播放轻音乐能使我放松下来吗？ 2.it作形式主语 it可以代替动词-ing短语作形式主语。 It’s no use crying over the spilt milk.=Crying over the spilt milk is no use.牛奶已经洒了，哭也于事无补。 It is no use/useless talking too much with him.He is too stubborn. =Talking too much is no use/useless.He is too stubborn.跟他说太多也没有用。他太固执了。 It trains the ears listening to music.=Listening to music trains the ears.听音乐可以训练耳朵。 必背：下列句型可以表示“……是没有用的/没好处的”： It is no use+动词-ing、It is useless+动词-ing、It is no good+动词-ing。 考点归纳一、动名词作主语典型用法 要点精讲：1.动名词直接作主语，如：Seeing is believing. 百闻不如一见。 2.It作形式主语，动名词作真正主语，用于 It is no use/good complaining。抱怨无济于事。 3. There is no doing…是固定句型，如：There is no denying that coffee is not for everyone. 不容 否认的是咖啡并不适合每个人。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. ---What do you think made Mary so upset? ---________(lose) her new bicycle. 2. It’s no good _________( regret) your past mistakes. 3. __________________ (injure) in the leg made it impossible for me to walk as fast as usual. 4.In ancient China, the currency consisted mainly of precious metals, such as gold, silver and copper, so ____________ (carry) a large quantity of cash was not only a heavy burden but could also put the owner in danger as robberies quite often happened along the way. 二.动词-ing形式作表语 1.基本用法 动词-ing形式作表语时，一般表示比较抽象的习惯性动作。 What he likes best is making jokes.他最喜欢开玩笑了。 Denying this will be shutting one’s eyes to fact.否认这一点就是闭起眼睛，不愿正视事实。 Her favourite pastime is playing golf.她最喜欢的消遣是打高尔夫球。 One of his bad habits is not speaking clearly.说话不清楚是他的坏毛病之一。 One of the good exercises is swimming.游泳是一种很好的运动。 2.起形容词作用的动词-ing形式 起形容词作用的动词-ing形式作表语时，一般表示主动或主语的性质和特征，含有“令人……”的意思。主语多数情况下是物，而动词-ing形式是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。 amusing有趣的 astonishing令人惊异的 boring令人厌烦的 encouraging鼓舞人心的 exciting令人兴奋的 inspiring鼓舞人心的 interesting有趣的 frightening令人害怕的 moving感人的 promising有希望的 puzzling令人迷惑的 surprising令人惊讶的 The news sounds encouraging.这个消息听起来令人鼓舞。 The film is moving and interesting.这部电影感人而有趣。 3.作表语的动词-ing形式和进行时中的现在分词的区别 作表语的动词-ing形式 表示主语的特征和性质 在动词-ing形式作表语的结构中可以用其他系动词来代替be 进行时中的现在分词 表示主语正在进行的动作 在进行时中不可以用其他系动词来代替be，因为进行时的句型中谓语部分必须是be+doing The situation in our country is encouraging.（系表结构）我国的形势鼓舞人心。 The situation in our country is encouraging the people.（现在进行时）我国的形势鼓舞着人民。 The news is surprising.这个消息很令人惊讶。 The news sounds surprising.这个消息听起来挺令人惊讶的。 说明：这两句都是动词-ing形式作表语的用法，区别在于用了不同的系动词。sound作系动词意为“听起来……”。 考点归纳二：动名词作表语和定语典型用法 要点精讲：动名词作表语时主语通常是对等的关系，主语、表语可互换位置。动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。 Your task is cleaning the windows. = Cleaning the windows is your task. What I hate most is being laughed at. = Being laughed at is what I hate most. a walking stick ＝a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking a washing machine=a machine for washing 考点归纳三、现在分词作表语用法归纳 要点精讲：1. 现在分词作表语，放在系动词之后，说明主语的身份、性质或情况，常翻译为“令人……”。 2.过去分词作表语，表示“感到……”，主语多为人。 例1：The news that our team had won was very inspiring. 例2：Your idea sounds very interesting. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. The story was so (move) that all of us were (move) to tears. 三.动词-ing形式作宾语 动词-ing形式可以作动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。有些动词和动词词组后面只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语。 1.动词-ing形式作动词的宾语 下列动词和动词词组常用动词-ing形式作宾语，而不能用动词不定式作宾语。 admit承认 allow允许 appreciate感谢，欣赏 avoid避免 consider考虑 delay耽误 deny否认 enjoy喜欢 escape逃脱 excuse原谅 forgive原谅 imagine想像 keep（on）继续 keep保持 mind介意 permit允许 practise练习 prevent阻挡，阻止 put off推迟 resist抵抗 risk冒险 suggest建议 can’t help（doing sth.）情不自禁 She doesn’t allow smoking in the room.她不允许在这个房间吸烟。 You must try your best to avoid meeting him in that street.你必须尽量设法避免在那条街上遇见他。 When I heard his voice,I couldn’t help thinking of my father.当我听到他的声音时，我不禁想起了我的爸爸。 I’m considering making a trip to Japan.我正考虑去日本旅行。 She denied making a mistake.她否认犯了一个错误。 I enjoy reading newspapers while I’m having breakfast.我喜欢在吃早饭时看报纸。 He narrowly escaped being killed.他险些丧命。 I can’t imagine doing that with them.我不能想象和他们在一起做那件事。 Would you mind my/me smoking here?你介意我在这儿抽烟吗？ She practises playing the piano every day.她每天练习弹钢琴。 I suggested putting the meeting off.我建议会议延期。 He suggested my/me staying here.他建议我呆在这儿。 补充：mind的用法 mind doing sth.常用在否定句和疑问句中。 I wouldn’t mind staying here all day.我不介意整天呆在这儿。 A:Do you mind waiting a moment?请你等一会儿，你介意吗？ B:No,that’s OK.不介意。 Would you mind opening the window?请你打开窗户好吗？ Will/would you mind me/my opening the window?你不介意我打开窗户吧？（注意这两种句式表达的意思不同。） 2.动词-ing形式作介词的宾语 动词-ing形式还可以作介词的宾语，常见的以介词结尾而其后可以跟动词-ing形式作宾语的固定词组如下所示： add to加上 be afraid of...为……而害怕 be ashamed of...为……感到羞耻 be busy (in) doing (sth.)忙于做（某事） be engaged in从事于 be fond of喜欢 be good at...擅长于…… be interested in...对……感兴趣 be proud of...为……感到骄傲 be sentenced to被宣判 be sick of...对……感到恶心 be tried of...厌烦…… be/get used to习惯于 carry on继续，不断 come to谈到 contribute to贡献 depend on依靠 devote...to把……贡献给 dream of梦想 excuse...for为……而辩解 feel like愿意，想 give up放弃 hear of听说，知道 have trouble (in) doing...做……费力 insist on坚持 keep...from避免 keep on继续，重复（做某事） know of...对……了解 lead to导致 look forward to盼望 prevent...from避免…… save...from防止，避免 set about...动手去做…… stick to坚持 stop...from避免…… succeed in...在……方面成功 thank...for...为……而感谢…… think of想到 spend...(in) doing sth.花……做某事 On hearing the manager’s voice,he turned off the switch at once.他一听见经理的声音，立刻把开关关了。 Before leaving here please call me.离开这儿之前，请给我打电话。 Now they are busy (in) preparing their lessons.现在他们正忙于准备功课。 说明：在Now they are busy with their lessons.中，with后面只能跟名词或代词，如果跟动词-ing形式，则要用be busy (in) doing sth.，in常常省略。 I’m proud of being a Chinese.身为一个中国人，我感到骄傲。 I have some difficulty (in) finding out when the train leaves.在弄清这列火车何时开车这个问题上我遇到些困难。 He insisted on doing the same experiments hundreds of times.同样的实验他坚持做了几百次。 We look forward to seeing you again.我们期待能再次见到你。 Don’t keep on interrupting me!别老是跟我打岔！ You should have kept him from going out by himself in such bad weather.你本来应该阻止他在如此恶劣的天气状况下独自外出。 比较：keep doing sth.和keep on doing sth.都表示“某事在继续进行，或反反复复地做某事”，但它们又是有区别的。 keep doing sth.表示“一直或连续不断地做某事”，强调动作的连续不断。 They kept discussing the plan for nearly three hours.他们一直讨论这个计划，讨论了近3个小时。 I kept thinking about the meeting all the night.关于这个会议我想了一夜。 keep on doing sth.表示“不断或反复做某事”，有时动作之间有间隔。 Don’t keep on laughing.别总是笑。 I know the way of working out the problem.我知道解这道题的思路。 Carry on stirring it until it boils.搅动它，直到它沸腾为止。 There was nothing to prevent her (from) doing so.任何事都不能阻止她这样做。 The climbers put a rope round themselves to save them from falling. 攀登者身上系着绳子，以防摔落下去。 比较：prevent/keep/save/stop...from中的from可以省略，但在被动语态中from不可省略。 试比较下面例句： That’s the best way to prevent such a thing (from) happening again. 这是防止这种事情再发生的最好办法。 We all tried to stop him (from) smoking in bed.我们都尽量不让他在床上吸烟。 We were stopped by him from making any noise.他不让我们发出任何噪音。 He was prevented by illness from joining in the expedition. 他因病未能参加这次探险活动。 We had a good time (in) celebrating his birthday.在庆祝他生日的晚会上，我们玩得很愉快。 There is no harm (in) pointing out his mistakes.指出他的错误对他没有害处。 We spent two weeks (in) visiting the city.我们花了两周时间里浏览这座城市。 考点归纳四：只接doing作宾语的动词归纳 谐音妙记：mecarfipsd霉咖啡不是的: mind/miss, enjoy/escape, consider, avoid/appreciate/advocate/allow, risk, finish/forbid/fancy, imagine, practise/postpone, suggest, delay 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk _______(lose)the good opportunity. 2. Sometimes students postpone ___________(do) their homework until the last minute. 3. I don't appreciate _________________(treat) as a second-class citizen. 4. As a new driver, I have to practise _____________(park) the car in my small garage again and again. 考点归纳五：接to do/doing作宾语意义不同的动词归纳 【妙记】frogshmt青蛙聪明： forget, remember/regret, go on, stop, can’t help, mean, try forget to do 忘记要去做某事（未做） forget doing 忘记已经做过某事（已做） remember to do 记得将要做某事（未做） remember doing 记得已经做过某事（已做） regret to do 遗憾去做某事（未做） regret doing 后悔做过某事（已做） go on to do 继续做另一件事 （对象变了） go on doing 继续做正在做的事 （对象不变） stop to do 停下来去做另一件事 （对象变了） stop doing 停止做某事 （对象不变） can’t help to do 不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing 情不自禁做某事 mean to do 打算做某事（未做） mean doing 意味着做某事 （解释作用） try to do 努力做某事（不一定成功） try doing 尝试做某事 （强调尝试和行动） 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. “Not that way,” my mom tried _________(stop) me but failed. She was right. It didn’t turn out as I had wished. 2. I remembered _________(lock) the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. 3. Because of my illness, I can’t help _________ (do) housework. Seeing my mother taking good care of me, I can’t help ________ (cry). 4.After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on_________ (thank) all the people who had helped in her career. 5. If you think that treating a woman well means always __________(get) her permission for things, think again. 考点归纳六：常考含介词to的动词短语归纳 look forward to盼望某事 get down to着手 be used/accustomed to 习惯于 stick to坚持 pay attention to注意 devote/commit/apply oneself to致力于 object to反对 be opposed to反对 When it comes to 谈到…… attach importance to 重视 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Isn't it time you got down to___________(mark) the papers? 2. The children are looking forward to ___________________ (offer) Christmas gifts. 3. She has devoted all her life to __________(teach) the disabled boy. 4. She used to ________(be) shy but now she is used to ___________(speak) bravely in public. 考点归纳七：常考省略介词类动词短语 spend…(in) doing 花费时间做某事 waste…(in) doing浪费时间做某事 be busy/occupied (in) doing 忙于做某事 prevent/stop …(from) doing阻止某人做某事 have a hard time (in) doing做某事有困难 have difficulty/trouble (in) doing做某事有困难 have fun (in) doing做……开心 There is no point/sense (in) doing做……没有用 There is no harm (in) doing不妨做某事 have problems (in) doing做某事有困难 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time________(pass) the exam. 2. According to a recent survey, children spent up to 25 hours a week ______(watch) TV. 3. You can’t imagine what great trouble she had __________(raise) the four children. 4. Even though they knew I didn’t speak Portuguese, that didn’t stop them from ____________ (talk) to me, and we were able to communicate without a problem. 四.动词-ing形式作定语 A.动词-ing形式作定语时，表示所修饰词的用途，它的位置一般是在它所修饰的词的前面。 dining room餐厅 drinking water饮用水 reading room阅览室 sitting room起居室 sleeping car卧铺车厢 smoking room吸烟室 threshing ground打谷场 waiting room候车室 walking stick手杖 writing desk写字台 B.如果是单个的动词-ing形式作定语，往往位于它所修饰的词的前面；如果是动词-ing短语作定语，则要放在它所修饰的词的后面。 The swimming boy is my younger brother.正在游泳的男孩是我的弟弟。（swimming是单个的动词-ing形式作定语，修饰boy。） This is the path leading to the school.这就是通往学校的小路。（leading to the school是动词-ing短语作定语，修饰the path。） C.动词-ing形式作定语时，含有进行和主动的意思。 a.动词-ing形式作定语表示现在正发生的动作。 The man running over there is our chairman. =The man who is running over there is our chairman.正在朝那边跑的那个人是我们的主席。 The boy reading under a tree is an orphan. =The boy who is reading under a tree is an orphan.正在树下看书的那个男孩是一个孤儿。 I know the young man sleeping on the bench. =I know the young man who is sleeping on the bench.我认识正在长凳上睡觉的那个年轻人。 b.被修饰的名词与动词-ing形式在逻辑上存在主谓关系。 The road joining the two villages is very wide. =The road that joins the two villages is very wide.连接这两个村庄的路非常宽。 They lived in a room facing north thirty years ago. =They lived in a room which faced north thirty years ago.30年前，他们住在朝北的房间里。 注意：动词-ing形式作定语，一般不表示在谓语动词所表示动作之前或之后发生的动作。 （正）The man who came yesterday comes again.（定语从句） （误）The man coming yesterday comes in.（动词-ing形式） 昨天来过的那个人又来了。 （the man的定语“昨天来过的”所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示动作comes之前，此时不用动词-ing形式，而要用定语从句来作the man的定语，表示这个过去发生的动作。） The students to attend the meeting will arrive here tomorrow.（定语从句） =The students who will attend the meeting will arrive here tomorrow.（定语从句） 要参加会议的学生们明天到达这里。 动词-ing形式作定语有限定性和非限定性两种情况。 限定性动词-ing形式前后都没有逗号，而非限定性动词-ing形式后面有逗号。有时，这两种形式的句子有很大的区别。 His brother working as a teacher lives in Tianjin.（说明他不止有一个兄弟。） =His brother who works as a teacher lives in Tianjin.他当老师的哥哥住在天津。 His brother,working as a teacher,lives in Tianjin.（说明他只有一个兄弟。）他的哥哥是个老师，住在天津。 考点归纳八、现在分词作定语用法归纳 要点精讲 1.现在分词作定语表示一个正在进行的动作；being done表示一个被动的，正在进行的动作，having done不能作定语； 2. 单个分词修饰名词作前置定语；分词短语修饰名词作后置定语。 例1：The sleeping child is only five years old. （现在分词作前置定语） 例2：Do you know the man standing at the gate? （现在分词短语作后置定语） 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. ---Who were those people with the flags? ---A group (call) the League of Peace. 2. ---Who were those people with the flags? ---A group (call) itself the League of Peace. 3. The museum (build) now will be open to the public in six months. 4. The old man told the story in a voice and the little girl felt very (frighten). 5. The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and (weigh) less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat. 五.动词-ing形式作宾语补足语 动词-ing形式经常用在动词feel，hear，keep，leave，listen to，look at，notice，see，watch等后面作宾语补足语，其中宾语和宾语补足语存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，且表示动作正在进行，状态正在持续。 The parents can hear their daughter playing the piano.父母能够听到他们的女儿正在弹钢琴。 Don’t leave him waiting outside in the rain.别让他在外边雨中等着。 When he passed the bank,he saw the thief stealing some money from the bank. 当他经过银行时，他看见这个贼正在偷钱。 考点归纳九、现在分词作宾语补足语用法归纳 要点精讲 1.观感使役类动词后接现在分词表示“看见/听见……某人正在做某事”。 2.巧记--注意让迈克听听看看这块表有啥感觉 notice, let, make, hear, listen to, see, observe, watch, have, feel 例1：I won't have you speaking to your dad like that. 例2：It's wrong to leave the machine running. 例3：I heard an English song being sung by the little girl when I passed by her room yesterday. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. She returned home, only to find a number of things ___________________________ (steal/miss/go/lose) 2. I looked up and noticed a snake (wind) its way up the tree to catch its breakfast. 3. The missing boy was last seen (play) near the East Lake. 4. When will you go to the hospital and have your tooth (examine)? 5. Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it _____________(perform) live is quite another. 要点精讲：用于“with+名词+现在分词”，表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作。省略with后构成的“名词/代词+现在分词” 构成独立主格结构。 例1：I stood before her with my heart beating fast. 例2：Time permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. 1. With the boy __________ (lead) the way, the soldiers managed to walk through the forest. 2. The couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog (follow) them. 3. It___________(be) Sunday, we went camping and had a nice time. 4. The party will be held in the garden, weather (permit). 六.动词-ing形式作状语 The secretary worked late into the night,preparing a long speech for the president.秘书工作到深夜，为总统准备一篇很长的发言稿。 The fans waited for hours,hoping to see the movie star.影迷们等了几个小时，希望能见到那位电影明星。 Having studied the map,I know which way to go.研究过地图以后，我知道该走哪条路了。 重要：动词-ing形式的完成式主要作状语，一般不能用作定语。它表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前已经发生。 Not wanting to be late,I took a taxi there.我不想迟到，就坐出租车到那儿了。 Hearing the news,he jumped.听到这个消息，他跳了起来。 Being unemployed,the man hasn’t enough money to buy food.因为失业，这个人没有足够的钱买食物。 1.动词-ing形式作时间状语 动词-ing形式作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，几乎每个动词-ing形式作时间状语时，都可以转换为一个时间状语从句，特别是动词-ing形式的完成式。要特别注意动词-ing形式所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作之间的时间关系。 动词-ing形式与谓语动作的时间关系 动词-ing短语的含义 动词-ing形式的位置 动词-ing形式所表示的动作一发生，谓语动词表示的动作就立即发生，用动词-ing形式的一般形式作状语 意为“当……的时候”，可以转换成“on+动词-ing”结构 放在句首 常用的这类动词多是表示一个极短暂动作的动词： arrive到达 close关闭 hear听见 leave离开 open打开 return归还 see看见 动词-ing形式：Hearing the bad news,they couldn’t help crying. 时间状语从句：When they heard the bad news,they couldn’t help crying. on+动词-ing：On hearing the bad news,they couldn’t help crying. 当听到这个不幸的消息时，他们情不自禁地哭了起来。 动词-ing形式与谓语动作的时间关系 动词-ing短语的含义 动词-ing形式的位置 动词-ing形式所表示的动作在进行过程中，谓语动词表示的动作发生了，在这种情况下，可以用动词-ing形式短语作状语，但一般在它的前面加上when或while 意为“当……的时候” 放在句首、句末均可 动词-ing形式：Be careful when crossing the street. 时间状语从句：Be careful when you are crossing the street.过马路时要小心。 动词-ing形式：While playing the piano,she got very excited. 时间状语从句：While she was playing the piano,she got very excited.当她弹钢琴时（过程中），她变得十分兴奋。 动词-ing形式与谓语动作的时间关系 动词-ing短语的含义 动词-ing形式的位置 在动词-ing形式所表示的动作完成之后，谓语动词所表示的动作才发生，用动词-ing形式的完成式作状语 意为“在……之后”，可转换成“after+动词-ing”结构 放在句首、句末均可 动词-ing形式：Having turned off the radio,he began to go over his lessons. 时间状语从句：After he had turned off the radio,he began to go over his lessons. after+动词-ing：After turning off the radio,he began to go over his lessons. 关上收音机之后，他开始温习功课。 动词-ing形式：Having received his letter,I decided to write back. 时间状语从句：After I had received his letter,I decided to write back. after+动词-ing：After receiving his letter,I decided to write back. 收到他的信后，我决定给他回信。 2.动词-ing形式作原因状语 动词-ing形式作原因状语时，相当于一个原因状语从句，同时也可以转变为一个原因状语从句，动词-ing形式的完成式也经常用来作原因状语。和作时间状语一样，也要注意动词-ing形式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作的时间关系。 A.动词-ing形式所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或者几乎同时发生时，用动词-ing形式的一般式。 动词-ing形式：Not recognizing the voice,he refused to give the person his address. 原因状语从句：Because he didn’t recognize the voice,he refused to give the person his address. 因为没听出这个人的声音，所以他没把自己的地址给他。 动词-ing形式：Being so angry,he couldn’t go to sleep. 原因状语从句：Because he was so angry,he couldn’t go to sleep. 他因为太生气了而不能入睡。 动词-ing形式：Forgetting his manners,he put his feet up on the desk. 原因状语从句：As he forgot his manners,he put his feet up on the desk. 此时他忘记了风度，一抬腿把脚放在了书桌上。 补充：若作状语的动词-ing形式含有心理活动的意义，则这个状语一般是表示原因的，如：know，think，forget，learn等。 B.动词-ing形式所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，用动词-ing形式的完成式。 动词-ing形式：Having been to the Great Wall many times,he didn’t go (there) last week. 原因状语从句：Because/As he had been to the Great Wall many times,he didn’t go (there) last week.他已去过长城许多次了，故上周他没去。 动词-ing形式：Not having received his father’s letter,he decided to make a call to him. 原因状语从句：Because he hadn’t received his father’s letter,he decided to make a call to him. 因为没收到父亲的信，所以他决定打个电话给父亲。 3.动词-ing形式作让步状语 动词-ing形式作让步状语时，相当于一个让步状语从句。有时，动词-ing形式前可带有连词although，whether，even if，even though。 动词-ing形式：Although working from morning till night,his father didn’t get enough food. 让步状语从句：Although his father worked from morning till night,he didn’t get enough food. 虽然他父亲从早到晚拼命干，但还不能糊口。 4.动词-ing形式作方式或伴随状语 动词-ing形式表示方式或伴随情况是比较常见的，它用来说明动作发生的背景或情况。此时，一般情况下，动词-ing形式所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。它没有相应的状语从句可转换，但可以用并列句来转换。 动词-ing形式：They came into the classroom,singing and laughing. 并列句：They sang and laughed;they came into the classroom.他们又唱又笑地走进教室。 注意：在动词-ing形式表示方式或伴随情况时，动词-ing形式表示的是次要动作，而谓语动词表示的是主要动作。在上例中，came（进来）是主要动作，singing，laughing是次要动作，是伴随着came这一动作而有的。所以这句不能写为： （误）They sang and laughed,coming into the classroom. 5.动词-ing形式作结果状语 动词-ing形式作结果状语时，通常放在句末，中间有逗号。有时为了突出结果，分词前带有thus。它可以转换为结果状语从句。 动词-ing形式：The bus was held up by the snowstorm,thus causing the delay. 结果状语从句：The bus was held up by the snowstorm,so it caused the delay. 公共汽车被大风雪所阻，因而耽搁了。 考点归纳十、现在分词作状语用法归纳 要点精讲 1. 现在分词可以作时间、原因、条件、伴随、结果状语，强调与句子主语之间主动关系； 2.现在分词一般式doing表示与谓语动词（几乎）同时发生； 3. 现在分词完成式having done则表示该动作先于谓语动作发生（2023新高考I卷考查到）； 4. 现在分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。 5.关键词：主动性；一致性；同步性。 例1： Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood.  （作时间状语，相当于When she saw those pictures） 例2：Being ill, he didn’t go to school. （作原因状语，相当于As he was ill） 例3：He sat on the sofa, watching TV. （作伴随状语，相当于He sat on the sofa and watched TV.） 例4：Her mother died in 1990, leaving her with her younger brother. （作结果状语，相当于and left…） 例5：Having answered the letter, she went on to read an English novel. （作时间状语，先回信后阅读） 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. The plate dropped from her hands, _______________(break) into pieces. 2. The plate dropped from her hands, and _______________(break) into pieces. 3. (find) the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level. 4. He was busy writing a story, only (stop) once in a while to smoke a cigarette. 5. I hurried to school, only _______________(find) to find it was Sunday. 6. Not _______________(know) her address, I had better telephone her to come over. 7. _______________(tell) many times, he still didn’t learn these rules by heart. 8. _______________(finish) his homework，he went to bed. 9. _______________(show) around the factory, they were taken to visit the museum. 10. (ask) to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film. 七.动词-ing形式的否定式和动词-ing短语 1.动词-ing形式的否定式 动词-ing形式的否定式：not+动词-ing形式 I must apologize for not letting you know ahead of time.事先没让你知道，我必须为此向你道歉。 His not getting to the station on time makes everyone worried.他没准时到车站，这使得每个人都很担心。 I’m sorry for not being there.请原谅我没去那儿。 Not having received a reply,he decided to write again.因为没有收到回信，他决定再写（一封）。 2.动词-ing形式短语 动词-ing形式短语：物主代词/名词所有格+动词-ing形式 此时物主代词和名词所有格是这个动词-ing形式的逻辑主语，动词-ing形式短语可以作主语、表语和宾语。 Li Ming’s being late made his teacher very angry.（作主语）李明的迟到使他的老师非常生气。 I think the biggest problem is their not having enough time.（作表语）我认为最大的问题是他们没有足够的时间。 Do you mind my/me leaving now?（作宾语）我现在离开你介意吗？ Do you mind Li Ming’s/Li Ming asking some questions?（作宾语）你介意李明问些问题吗？ 重要：动词-ing短语如果不作主语，其逻辑主语可是代词的宾格和名词的普通格；但动词-ing形式短语如果作主语，那其逻辑主语只能是物主代词和名词的所有格。 He will be surprised at my/me calling.他会对我打电话感到惊奇的。 We all worry about Mary’s/Mary going there alone.我们大家都为玛丽独自去那儿感到担心。 八.动词-ing形式的时态和语态 1.动词-ing形式的时态 1.动词-ing形式的一般式 动词-ing形式的一般式泛指一般性动作，即动作发生的时间并不明确，或者它所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或在它之后发生。 I’m looking forward to seeing you soon.我期待很快见到你。 （动词-ing形式seeing所表示的动作发生的时间是在谓语动词look forward to所表示的动作之后。） The child is used to playing football.这个小孩习惯了踢足球。 （动词-ing形式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。） I enjoy listening to music very much.我非常喜欢听音乐。（动词-ing形式所表示的时间概念并不明确。） 2.动词-ing形式的完成式 动词-ing形式的完成式所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。 He is praised for having devoted his whole life to the country.他因为把自己的一生贡献给这个国家而受到表彰。 You regret not having taken the doctor’s advice,don’t you?你后悔没听大夫的劝告了吧？ Thank you for having helped me so much.谢谢你给了我这么多的帮助。 3.动词-ing形式的一般式代替完成式的情况 当通过上下文可以明显地看出动词-ing形式和谓语动词所表示的动作发生的时间先后时，可以用一般式来代替完成式。在一些动词或动词短语中，尽管动词-ing形式所表示的动作是在谓语动词之前发生，我们也常用一般式来代替完成式或两者通用，这些动词和动词短语有： apologize 道歉 forget 忘记 remember 记住 excuse sb. for 原谅某人…… thank sb. for 因为……感谢某人 I don’t remember having received his letter. =I don’t remember receiving his letter.我不记得收到过他的信。 Thank you for having helped me so much. =Thank you for helping me so much.谢谢你给了我这么多帮助。 2.动词-ing形式的语态 1.动词-ing形式的被动语态 当动词-ing形式逻辑上的主语是动词-ing形式所表示动作的对象时，动词-ing形式一般要用被动形式。 The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught.这只松鼠很幸运地没被抓到。 （动词-ing形式逻辑上的主语squirrel是catch这个动作的对象。） Before being used,the machine must be checked.这台机器在使用之前必须要（被）检查一下。 比较：He insisted on being sent to hospital.他坚持要把他自己送到医院去。/他坚持他自己被送到医院去。 （动词-ing形式逻辑上的主语he是send这个动作的对象。） He insisted on sending her to hospital.他坚持要把她送到医院去。 （动词-ing形式逻辑上的主语he不是send这个动作的对象。） 2.动词-ing形式被动式的使用场合 A.及物动词-ing形式作定语，既要表达进行意味，又要表达被动意味时，用被动式。 The question being discussed is very important. =The question that is being discussed is very important.正在（被）讨论的问题十分重要。 The skyscraper being built is still higher than the one that was built the year before last. =The skyscraper that is being built is still higher than the one that was built the year before last. 正在建造的那幢摩天大楼比前年造的那幢还要高。 Do you know the boy being punished by our teacher? =Do you know the boy who is being punished by our teacher?你认识正在被我们老师处罚的那个男孩吗？ 补充：如果要表达将来的或已完成的动作，就要用不定式的被动式或定语从句表示。 You are welcome to the party to be given in our class at 7:30 p.m.,Dec.25. 欢迎您参加12月25日晚上7：30在我们班举行的晚会。 （正）Those who have handed in their compositions may go home. （用定语从句表达已完成的动作。） （误）Those having handed in their compositions may go home. （动词-ing形式的完成式一般不能作定语。） 交了作文的那些人可以回家了。 B.动词-ing形式的主动形式表达被动意义的情况 有些动词，如want，need，require，deserve，worth等后面可以跟动词-ing形式的主动形式而表达被动意味。这些动词常用于下列两个句型中： 句型：主语（物）+want/need/require（需要）+doing =主语+want/need/require（需要）+to be done The radio wants/needs/requires repairing. =The radio wants/needs/requires to be repaired.这台收音机需要修理了。 The babies want/need/require examining. =The babies want/need/require to be examined.这些婴儿们需要体检了。 The sick woman wants/needs/requires looking after. =The sick woman wants/needs/requires to be looked after.这个生病的妇女需要照顾。 句型：主语+be worth doing =主语+be worthy+to be done =主语+be worthy+of being done The book is well worth reading again. 注意：此句型中要用well修饰worth，而不能用very。同时reading后面不能跟it，因为reading的逻辑主语就是句子的主语the book，后面不能再重复出现它。 =The book is worthy to be read again.=The book is worthy of being read again.这本书非常值得再读一遍。 The piano is well worth buying.=The piano is worthy to be bought.=The piano is worthy of being bought. 这架钢琴很值得买。 These honest men are worth respecting and depending on.=These honest men are worthy to be respected and to be depended on.=These honest men are worthy of being respected and being depended on. 这些诚实的人值得尊敬和信赖。 考点归纳十一：动名词的复杂形式归纳 动名词的被动式、否定式和完成式 （以动词find为例） 内容 主动语态 被动语态 否定式 一般式 finding being found not finding 完成式 having found having been found not having found （一般式）Do you mind my opening the window? 你介意我打开窗户吗？ （完成式）I apologize for having broken my promise. 我没有遵守诺言，我道歉。 （被动式）I could no longer stand being treated like that. 我再也不能忍受被那样对待。 （完成被动式）She was proud of having been trained in the U.K. 在英国受过训，她感到自豪。 （否定式）Jack's not getting the station on time made us worried. 杰克没有准时到达车站使我们很担忧。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. They insisted on _____________(give) another chance to try. 2. ---They are quiet, aren’t they? ---Yes. They are accustomed to ______________(talk) at meals. 3. What I hate most is ________________ (laugh at) by others. 4. With Hong Kong and Macao’s return，Taiwan’s____________(reunite) eventually with the motherland is a matter of time. 考点归纳十二：部分动名词主动形式表示被动意义 want/need/require doing=to be done需要做某事； be worth doing=be worthy of being done值得做； deserve doing=deserve to be done值得做。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. After the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area need___________/_______________ (repair). 2. The new film you referred to this morning deserves __________(see) again. 其他动名词典型用法 一.动名词复合结构典型用法 要点精讲：1.标准用法: ①名词所有格+doing (如Jane’s doing); 如 I insist on Mary's going there. 我坚持要玛丽到那儿去。 ②形容词物主代词+doing(如her doing); 作主语、表语或宾语。如 Hi coming home late worries his other. 他来晚让妈妈很担忧。 I had not heard of your being ill. 我没听说你病了。 2.省略用法: 名词普通格+doing(Jane doing); 宾格+doing 作表语或宾语(me doing)。如： The doctor does not mind me /my eating a little meat occasionally.代夫并不反对我偶尔吃一点肉。 I insist on both of them coming in time. 我坚持要他们两人准时来。 Do you remember Mary and her mother coming to see us last year? 你还记得玛丽和她妈妈去年来看我们吗？ 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Do you mind Jane _______________(leave) alone at home? 2. She never dreamed of there________(be) a chance for her to go abroad for further studies. 3. The president’s ________(attend) the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement. 二．状语从句省略用法归纳 要点精讲：1. 如果状语从句主语是it is 或者主从句主语一致且含有be动词时，省略主语和be动词。2. 连接词+现在分词，表示与主语之间主动关系；连接词+现在分词表示与主语之间被动关系。 例1：Do be careful when crossing the street. 例2：When asking for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Though ____________ (surprise) to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome. 2. Though (lack) money, his parents managed to send him to university. 3. I couldn’t find my key to the car when (leave) home. 4. While (wait) for a bus, I came across my former English teacher. 5. Granny fell asleep when _____________(watch) TV. 三．现在分词短语作插入语用法归纳 要点精讲 英语中一些现在分词短语可以视作插入语，其逻辑主语可以与句子主语不一致。 generally/frankly speaking 一般来说 judging from/by 根据……来判断 talking of 谈到…… considering 考虑到…… 例1：Generally speaking, naughty boys like to speak in class. 一般来说，淘气的男孩喜欢在课堂上说话。 例2：Judging from his look, he is very sick. 从他的样子判断，他病得很重。 例3：Considering his age, he did very well. 从年龄考虑,他干得挺不错。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. _________(talk) of travel, have you ever been to Beijing? 2. (judge) from what he said, he must be the thief who has stolen the car. 四．现在分词复杂形式用法归纳 现在分词的被动式、完成式和否定式（以动词find为例） 内容 主动语态 被动语态 否定式 一般式 finding being found not finding 完成式 having found having been found not having found 例1：Not having received her reply, I decided to write to her again. 例2：Having spent the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. (know) which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice. 2._________________ (work) for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. 3. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not ________(move), and asked myself what I was going to do. 基础题 一、语法选择 Many of us have feelings of loneliness as we grow up. As a teenager, just 　1　 alone in the cafeteria can be unbearable, and girls even go to the restroom hand in hand. They fear 　2　 a “loner”. In these cases, we might use the word “loner” in a disapproving way. However, it can actually have a positive meaning as well.  It all depends on our attitudes towards being alone. If we see 　3　 alone as something negative, we will resist (抵制) it. But if we understand that it's an everyday part of life, we'll be able 　4　 it.  In some countries, more young people are choosing 　5　 loners. In South Korea, “honjok” has become a popular lifestyle. The term comes from “hon” (alone) and “jok” (tribe). These people eat alone, travel alone, and enjoy 　6　 alone.  “I hope it grows into a self-supporting culture of happiness,” said Jang Jae Young, a South Korean who runs a website about this solo lifestyle 　7　 honjok.me.  In Japan, people have developed a strong “loner culture” and even a “loner economy”. There are many solo karaoke bars and solo cafes. Even some restaurants are specially designed for solo diners. Clapboards (隔板) separate each seat. They fill out a form 　8　 an order, and then press a button to call the waiter. So they don't have to see the faces of other customers or waiters.  People are becoming more experienced in and comfortable about 　9　 solitude (独处). This doesn't mean we should totally shut ourselves from the outside world, of course. But it doesn't hurt 　10　 some “me time” once in a while.  1.A.eat　　　 B.to eat　　　 C.eating　　　 D.eaten 2.A.be called　　　 B.to be called C.be calling　　　 D.being called 3.A.is　　　 B.are　　　 C.be　　　 D.being 4.A.hug　　　 B.to hug　　　 C.hugging　　　 D.hugged 5.A.to be　　　 B.be　　　 C.being　　　 D.been 6.A.be　　　 B.to be　　　 C.being　　　 D.been 7.A.call　　　 B.to call　　　 C.calling　　　 D.called 8.A.place　　　 B.to place　　　 C.placing　　　 D.placed 9.A.embrace　　　 B.to embrace　　　 C.embracing　　　 D.embraced 10.A.have　　　 B.to have　　　 C.having　　　 D.had 提高题 一.用动词-ing形式（短语）改写下列句子 1.When I entered the room,I saw strange sight. _______________________________________________________________________________ 2.As I did not know her address,I could not write to her. _______________________________________________________________________________ 3.Though I admit what you have said is right,I still think you should meet him. _______________________________________________________________________________ 4.After he had locked the door,he went out for a walk. _______________________________________________________________________________ 5.When you cross the busy street,you must look around. _______________________________________________________________________________ 6.After waiting at the school gate for half an hour,the boy had to leave. _______________________________________________________________________________ 7.Because Mr.Liu was very tired,he went to bed earlier than usual last night. _______________________________________________________________________________ 8.Mother stood by the road.She was watching the children playing football. _______________________________________________________________________________ 9.Do you know the boy who brings you these beautiful flowers? _______________________________________________________________________________ 二．语法填空(用动词的适当形式填空) 1．________(go) to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles' song “The Long and Winding Road”．What is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we humans 2.________(be)． The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb.It will undoubtedly help you get 3.________(refresh)! The 4.________(amaze) thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature 5.________(get) the hotter the spring! Strange, isn't it? But that's how nature is—always leaving us 6.________(astonish)． What comes next is the endless series of steps.You can't help 7.________(wonder) how hard it was for the people then 8.________(put) all those rocks into place.Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 9.________(ache) legs. As the song goes，this long and winding road “will never disappear”，and it will always stick in the visitor's memory.It sure does in mine.While you're in China，Mount Huangshan is a must 10.________ (visit)! develop attention  future confidence  learn   personally land on excited real wait take carry proud   see chance Elizabeth watched NASA's perseverance Rover being sent to Mars in July 2020. After that, the seven-year-old 1 great interest in space. She threw herself into 2 all about space and she even launched(发射) a homemade Vulcan Centaur rocket from her garden at the beginning of 2021. Her great excitement for space got the 3 of scientists in United Launch Alliance. They are now preparing the 4 Vulcan Centaur for the first journey to the moon in nearly 50 years. They will launch the first-ever private“ time capsule(时间胶囊)” to 5 the moon's surface. They offered to 6 something belonging to Elizabeth to the moon. So a sticker(贴纸) 7 the name of her space blog will be part of the “time capsule”. Her family have even been invited to 8 the launch in Florida at the end of 2021. And she's already doing her own astronaut's physical training to prepare for a 9 trip in space. She hopes to visit the moon and her sticker 10 one day. Elizabeth said:"I can't 11 to see a video of the capsule with my sticker on the moon.” Elizabeth's mother was really 12 of her, “None of us could believe it when we knew she would have the valuable 13 to make her mark on the moon. For her this means anything is possible and her 14 has greatly grown.” Elizabeth couldn't be more 15 about the upcoming launch. After all, if anyone knows the sky is far from the limit, it's her. 1._________   2._________   3._________   4._________    5._________ 6._________  7._________   8._________    9._________   10._________ 11._________ 12._________ 13._________  14._________ 15._________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 衔接点10 非谓语动词2（Ving）（初高考点差异及衔接） 初中要求 初中学习动词-ing形式作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等基础用法 高中要求 高中学习动词-ing形式在句中起名词，形容词或者副词的作用，及担当除谓语以外的任何成分，即：主语、表语、宾语（介词宾语和动词宾语）、定语、状语和宾语补足语，有些动词和动词词组后面只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语。 【初中非谓语动词（Ving）考点聚焦】 1.—How can I improve my pronunciation, Madam? —Keep on 　　　and you'll make progress.  A.practice B.practicing C.to practice 答案　B　本题考查动名词作宾语。keep on doing sth.继续做某事。故选B。 2.It is hard for people to move forward with a strong wind 　　　hard.  A.blown B.blowing C.to blow 答案　B　本题考查非谓语动词。“with+宾语+宾补”结构在本句中作伴随状语,wind与blow之间为主动关系。blown为过去分词,表示被动;blowing为现在分词,表示主动;to blow为不定式,不表示伴随的状态。故选B。 3.Remember to use sunglasses to stop the sun from 　　　directly in your eyes.  A.shine B.shining C.to shine 答案　B　句意:记住使用太阳镜阻止阳光直射你的眼睛。本题考查非谓语动词。stop sth./sb.(from)doing sth.意为“阻止某物/某人做某事”。故选B。 4.During our holidays, we should avoid 　　　up at night and oversleeping in the morning.  A.staying B.to stay C.stayed 答案　A　句意:在假期,我们应该避免晚上熬夜和早晨睡过头。本题考查非谓语动词。avoid doing sth.意为“避免做某事”,动名词作avoid的宾语。故选A。 5.A group of elephants in Yunnan Province have trouble 　　　proper living places. We should help them.  A.find B.finding C.to find 答案　B　句意:云南的一群大象在寻找合适的居住地方面有困难。我们应该帮助它们。have trouble(in)doing sth.意为“在做某事方面有困难”。故选B。 6.Diana used to　　　to work, but now she is used to　　　because the road is crowded and she wants to keep fit.   A.drive;walk B.drive;walking C.driving;walk 答案　B　句意:黛安娜过去常常开车去上班,但是她现在习惯走路(去上班),因为道路拥挤而且她想保持健康。本题考查非谓语动词。used to do 过去常常做……;be used to doing习惯于做……。因此可知答案为B。 7.I haven't seen my best friend Lucy for 2 months. I'm looking forward to　　　a video call with her.   A.have B.having C.has 答案　B　句意:我有两个月没看见我最好的朋友露西了。我期待和她进行视频通话。本题考查非谓语动词。look forward to doing sth.意为“期待做某事”,为固定搭配。故答案为B。 8.The twin brothers are busy 　　　artworks from ocean waste.  A.making B.make C.to make 答案　A　句意:那对双胞胎兄弟正忙着用海洋废弃物制作艺术品。本题考查非谓语动词。be busy doing sth.忙于做某事。故选A。 9.Frank and his friends had great fun 　　　volleyball on the beach yesterday.  A.play B.playing C.to play 答案　B　句意:弗兰克和他的朋友们昨天在沙滩上打排球,玩得很开心。本题考查非谓语动词。have fun doing sth.做某事很开心。故选B。 10.Sue practices 　　　 the violin hard and often gives wonderful performances.  A.play B.playing C.to play 答案　B　句意:休非常刻苦地练习拉小提琴,而且经常做精彩的表演。本题考查非谓语动词。practise doing sth.练习做某事,故选B。 11.Look at the sign! “No 　　　(swim)”. You can't swim here.   答案　swimming　句意:看那个标志!“禁止游泳”。你们不能在这里游泳。“No+doing”意为“禁止做某事”。故填swimming。 12.People around the world are working on 　　　(reduce)the causes of global warming.  答案　reducing　句意:全世界的人们都在致力于减少全球变暖的原因。on是介词,后接动名词作宾语,故填reducing。 13.He became interested in 　　　(collect) kites after he watched a documentary.  答案　collecting　句意:他看了一个纪录片之后就对收集风筝感兴趣了。become/be interested in doing sth.意为“对做某事感兴趣”。故填collecting。 【高中非谓语动词（Ving）考点聚焦】 考纲解读 动词-ing形式也是一种非谓语动词，由“动词原形+ing”构成，因此具有动词的性质，有时也相当于一个名词、形容词或副词。动词-ing形式在句中可以担任除谓语以外的任何成分，有时态和语态的变化。 典型例句：1.Seeing is believing.眼见为实。（动词-ing形式作主语和表语） 2.This is a new type of self-winding watch.这是一种新款的自动上弦手表。（动词-ing形式作定语） 3.She was lying in bed crying.她躺在床上哭。（动词-ing形式作状语） 考点清单 一.动词-ing形式概述 动词-ing形式是非谓语动词，它由“动词原形+ing”构成。有的动词-ing形式在句中起名词的作用，有的则起形容词或者副词的作用，所以在句子中，动词-ing形式可以担当除谓语以外的任何成分，即：主语、表语、宾语（介词宾语和动词宾语）、定语、状语和宾语补足语，有些动词和动词词组后面只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语。动词-ing形式仍然具有动词的若干特点，所以它可以有自己的宾语和状语等。 动词-ing形式的时态和语态详见下表（以write为例）： 时态 语态 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 writing （动词原形+ing） being written （being+过去分词） 完成式 having written （having+过去分词） having been written （having been+过去分词） 二.动词-ing形式的用法 一.动词-ing形式作主语 1.基本用法 动词-ing形式作主语通常表示事物化、抽象化的概念，谓语动词一律用单数。 Talking mends no holes.空谈无济于事。 Climbing mountains is a good way to keep fit.爬山是保持健康的好方法。 Can playing soft music records make me relax?播放轻音乐能使我放松下来吗？ 2.it作形式主语 it可以代替动词-ing短语作形式主语。 It’s no use crying over the spilt milk.=Crying over the spilt milk is no use.牛奶已经洒了，哭也于事无补。 It is no use/useless talking too much with him.He is too stubborn. =Talking too much is no use/useless.He is too stubborn.跟他说太多也没有用。他太固执了。 It trains the ears listening to music.=Listening to music trains the ears.听音乐可以训练耳朵。 必背：下列句型可以表示“……是没有用的/没好处的”： It is no use+动词-ing、It is useless+动词-ing、It is no good+动词-ing。 考点归纳一、动名词作主语典型用法 要点精讲：1.动名词直接作主语，如：Seeing is believing. 百闻不如一见。 2.It作形式主语，动名词作真正主语，用于 It is no use/good complaining。抱怨无济于事。 3. There is no doing…是固定句型，如：There is no denying that coffee is not for everyone. 不容 否认的是咖啡并不适合每个人。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. ---What do you think made Mary so upset? ---________(lose) her new bicycle. 2. It’s no good _________( regret) your past mistakes. 3. __________________ (injure) in the leg made it impossible for me to walk as fast as usual. 4.In ancient China, the currency consisted mainly of precious metals, such as gold, silver and copper, so ____________ (carry) a large quantity of cash was not only a heavy burden but could also put the owner in danger as robberies quite often happened along the way. 【答案与解析】 1. losing。这是一个一问一答对话，第二句承前省略了made Mary so upset，应用动名词短语作主语。故填losing。 2. regretting。It is no use/good doing sth。是固定句型，动名词是真正主语。故答案是regretting。 3. Being injured。首先语境需要动名词短语作主语；be injured in…是固定词组。故答案是Being injured。 4. carrying。句意：在中国古代，货币主要由金、银、铜等贵金属组成，因此携带大量现金不仅是一种沉重的负担，而且还会使所有者处于危险之中，因为途中经常发生抢劫。分析句子结合句意可知，此处缺少主语，主语为“携带大量现金”，应用动名词作主语，故填carrying。 二.动词-ing形式作表语 1.基本用法 动词-ing形式作表语时，一般表示比较抽象的习惯性动作。 What he likes best is making jokes.他最喜欢开玩笑了。 Denying this will be shutting one’s eyes to fact.否认这一点就是闭起眼睛，不愿正视事实。 Her favourite pastime is playing golf.她最喜欢的消遣是打高尔夫球。 One of his bad habits is not speaking clearly.说话不清楚是他的坏毛病之一。 One of the good exercises is swimming.游泳是一种很好的运动。 2.起形容词作用的动词-ing形式 起形容词作用的动词-ing形式作表语时，一般表示主动或主语的性质和特征，含有“令人……”的意思。主语多数情况下是物，而动词-ing形式是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。 amusing有趣的 astonishing令人惊异的 boring令人厌烦的 encouraging鼓舞人心的 exciting令人兴奋的 inspiring鼓舞人心的 interesting有趣的 frightening令人害怕的 moving感人的 promising有希望的 puzzling令人迷惑的 surprising令人惊讶的 The news sounds encouraging.这个消息听起来令人鼓舞。 The film is moving and interesting.这部电影感人而有趣。 3.作表语的动词-ing形式和进行时中的现在分词的区别 作表语的动词-ing形式 表示主语的特征和性质 在动词-ing形式作表语的结构中可以用其他系动词来代替be 进行时中的现在分词 表示主语正在进行的动作 在进行时中不可以用其他系动词来代替be，因为进行时的句型中谓语部分必须是be+doing The situation in our country is encouraging.（系表结构）我国的形势鼓舞人心。 The situation in our country is encouraging the people.（现在进行时）我国的形势鼓舞着人民。 The news is surprising.这个消息很令人惊讶。 The news sounds surprising.这个消息听起来挺令人惊讶的。 说明：这两句都是动词-ing形式作表语的用法，区别在于用了不同的系动词。sound作系动词意为“听起来……”。 考点归纳二：动名词作表语和定语典型用法 要点精讲：动名词作表语时主语通常是对等的关系，主语、表语可互换位置。动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。 Your task is cleaning the windows. = Cleaning the windows is your task. What I hate most is being laughed at. = Being laughed at is what I hate most. a walking stick ＝a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking a washing machine=a machine for washing 考点归纳三、现在分词作表语用法归纳 要点精讲：1. 现在分词作表语，放在系动词之后，说明主语的身份、性质或情况，常翻译为“令人……”。 2.过去分词作表语，表示“感到……”，主语多为人。 例1：The news that our team had won was very inspiring. 例2：Your idea sounds very interesting. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. The story was so (move) that all of us were (move) to tears. moving; moved。该句意为：这个故事如此感人以至于我都感动落泪了。故答案是moving; moved。 三.动词-ing形式作宾语 动词-ing形式可以作动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。有些动词和动词词组后面只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语。 1.动词-ing形式作动词的宾语 下列动词和动词词组常用动词-ing形式作宾语，而不能用动词不定式作宾语。 admit承认 allow允许 appreciate感谢，欣赏 avoid避免 consider考虑 delay耽误 deny否认 enjoy喜欢 escape逃脱 excuse原谅 forgive原谅 imagine想像 keep（on）继续 keep保持 mind介意 permit允许 practise练习 prevent阻挡，阻止 put off推迟 resist抵抗 risk冒险 suggest建议 can’t help（doing sth.）情不自禁 She doesn’t allow smoking in the room.她不允许在这个房间吸烟。 You must try your best to avoid meeting him in that street.你必须尽量设法避免在那条街上遇见他。 When I heard his voice,I couldn’t help thinking of my father.当我听到他的声音时，我不禁想起了我的爸爸。 I’m considering making a trip to Japan.我正考虑去日本旅行。 She denied making a mistake.她否认犯了一个错误。 I enjoy reading newspapers while I’m having breakfast.我喜欢在吃早饭时看报纸。 He narrowly escaped being killed.他险些丧命。 I can’t imagine doing that with them.我不能想象和他们在一起做那件事。 Would you mind my/me smoking here?你介意我在这儿抽烟吗？ She practises playing the piano every day.她每天练习弹钢琴。 I suggested putting the meeting off.我建议会议延期。 He suggested my/me staying here.他建议我呆在这儿。 补充：mind的用法 mind doing sth.常用在否定句和疑问句中。 I wouldn’t mind staying here all day.我不介意整天呆在这儿。 A:Do you mind waiting a moment?请你等一会儿，你介意吗？ B:No,that’s OK.不介意。 Would you mind opening the window?请你打开窗户好吗？ Will/would you mind me/my opening the window?你不介意我打开窗户吧？（注意这两种句式表达的意思不同。） 2.动词-ing形式作介词的宾语 动词-ing形式还可以作介词的宾语，常见的以介词结尾而其后可以跟动词-ing形式作宾语的固定词组如下所示： add to加上 be afraid of...为……而害怕 be ashamed of...为……感到羞耻 be busy (in) doing (sth.)忙于做（某事） be engaged in从事于 be fond of喜欢 be good at...擅长于…… be interested in...对……感兴趣 be proud of...为……感到骄傲 be sentenced to被宣判 be sick of...对……感到恶心 be tried of...厌烦…… be/get used to习惯于 carry on继续，不断 come to谈到 contribute to贡献 depend on依靠 devote...to把……贡献给 dream of梦想 excuse...for为……而辩解 feel like愿意，想 give up放弃 hear of听说，知道 have trouble (in) doing...做……费力 insist on坚持 keep...from避免 keep on继续，重复（做某事） know of...对……了解 lead to导致 look forward to盼望 prevent...from避免…… save...from防止，避免 set about...动手去做…… stick to坚持 stop...from避免…… succeed in...在……方面成功 thank...for...为……而感谢…… think of想到 spend...(in) doing sth.花……做某事 On hearing the manager’s voice,he turned off the switch at once.他一听见经理的声音，立刻把开关关了。 Before leaving here please call me.离开这儿之前，请给我打电话。 Now they are busy (in) preparing their lessons.现在他们正忙于准备功课。 说明：在Now they are busy with their lessons.中，with后面只能跟名词或代词，如果跟动词-ing形式，则要用be busy (in) doing sth.，in常常省略。 I’m proud of being a Chinese.身为一个中国人，我感到骄傲。 I have some difficulty (in) finding out when the train leaves.在弄清这列火车何时开车这个问题上我遇到些困难。 He insisted on doing the same experiments hundreds of times.同样的实验他坚持做了几百次。 We look forward to seeing you again.我们期待能再次见到你。 Don’t keep on interrupting me!别老是跟我打岔！ You should have kept him from going out by himself in such bad weather.你本来应该阻止他在如此恶劣的天气状况下独自外出。 比较：keep doing sth.和keep on doing sth.都表示“某事在继续进行，或反反复复地做某事”，但它们又是有区别的。 keep doing sth.表示“一直或连续不断地做某事”，强调动作的连续不断。 They kept discussing the plan for nearly three hours.他们一直讨论这个计划，讨论了近3个小时。 I kept thinking about the meeting all the night.关于这个会议我想了一夜。 keep on doing sth.表示“不断或反复做某事”，有时动作之间有间隔。 Don’t keep on laughing.别总是笑。 I know the way of working out the problem.我知道解这道题的思路。 Carry on stirring it until it boils.搅动它，直到它沸腾为止。 There was nothing to prevent her (from) doing so.任何事都不能阻止她这样做。 The climbers put a rope round themselves to save them from falling. 攀登者身上系着绳子，以防摔落下去。 比较：prevent/keep/save/stop...from中的from可以省略，但在被动语态中from不可省略。 试比较下面例句： That’s the best way to prevent such a thing (from) happening again. 这是防止这种事情再发生的最好办法。 We all tried to stop him (from) smoking in bed.我们都尽量不让他在床上吸烟。 We were stopped by him from making any noise.他不让我们发出任何噪音。 He was prevented by illness from joining in the expedition. 他因病未能参加这次探险活动。 We had a good time (in) celebrating his birthday.在庆祝他生日的晚会上，我们玩得很愉快。 There is no harm (in) pointing out his mistakes.指出他的错误对他没有害处。 We spent two weeks (in) visiting the city.我们花了两周时间里浏览这座城市。 考点归纳四：只接doing作宾语的动词归纳 谐音妙记：mecarfipsd霉咖啡不是的: mind/miss, enjoy/escape, consider, avoid/appreciate/advocate/allow, risk, finish/forbid/fancy, imagine, practise/postpone, suggest, delay 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk _______(lose)the good opportunity. 2. Sometimes students postpone ___________(do) their homework until the last minute. 3. I don't appreciate _________________(treat) as a second-class citizen. 4. As a new driver, I have to practise _____________(park) the car in my small garage again and again. 【答案与解析】 1. losing。risk doing表示“冒险做某事”。故答案是losing。 2. doing。postpone doing表示“推迟做某事”。故答案是doing。 3. being treated。考查非谓语动词。appreciate doing…表示“感激做某事”，根据语境这里还是被动意义。故答案是being treated。 4. parking。practice doing sth.表示“练习/实践做某事”。句意：作为一名新司机，我得反复练习把车停在我家的小车库里。故填parking。 考点归纳五：接to do/doing作宾语意义不同的动词归纳 【妙记】frogshmt青蛙聪明： forget, remember/regret, go on, stop, can’t help, mean, try forget to do 忘记要去做某事（未做） forget doing 忘记已经做过某事（已做） remember to do 记得将要做某事（未做） remember doing 记得已经做过某事（已做） regret to do 遗憾去做某事（未做） regret doing 后悔做过某事（已做） go on to do 继续做另一件事 （对象变了） go on doing 继续做正在做的事 （对象不变） stop to do 停下来去做另一件事 （对象变了） stop doing 停止做某事 （对象不变） can’t help to do 不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing 情不自禁做某事 mean to do 打算做某事（未做） mean doing 意味着做某事 （解释作用） try to do 努力做某事（不一定成功） try doing 尝试做某事 （强调尝试和行动） 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. “Not that way,” my mom tried _________(stop) me but failed. She was right. It didn’t turn out as I had wished. 2. I remembered _________(lock) the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. 3. Because of my illness, I can’t help _________ (do) housework. Seeing my mother taking good care of me, I can’t help ________ (cry). 4.After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on_________ (thank) all the people who had helped in her career. 5. If you think that treating a woman well means always __________(get) her permission for things, think again. 【答案与解析】 1. to stop。 try to do 努力做某事；try doing 尝试做某事。句意：“不是那样做的，”妈妈试图阻止我但是没有拦住。她说对了。结果这道菜不是我原希望的那个样子。故答案是to stop。 2. to lock。remember to do表示“记住去做某事”，和后面“忘记去关灯”呼应，故答案是to lock。故答案是to lock。 3. (to) do; crying。can’t help (to) do表示“不能帮助做某事”；can’t help doing表示“禁不住做某事”。故答案是(to) do; crying。 4. to thank。继续做另一件事 （对象变了）；go on doing 继续做正在做的事 （对象不变）。根据语境，Anne Benedict先接受奖项，接着感谢那些帮助过自己的人们，应用go on to do。故答案是to thank。 5. getting。mean to do表示“打算做某事”，mean doing sth.表示“意味着”；结合句意“如果你认为对一个妇女好就意味着得到她的允许去拿东西，再想一想”，答案是getting。 考点归纳六：常考含介词to的动词短语归纳 look forward to盼望某事 get down to着手 be used/accustomed to 习惯于 stick to坚持 pay attention to注意 devote/commit/apply oneself to致力于 object to反对 be opposed to反对 When it comes to 谈到…… attach importance to 重视 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Isn't it time you got down to___________(mark) the papers? 2. The children are looking forward to ___________________ (offer) Christmas gifts. 3. She has devoted all her life to __________(teach) the disabled boy. 4. She used to ________(be) shy but now she is used to ___________(speak) bravely in public. 【答案与解析】 1. marking。get down to doing表示“着手做某事”，to是介词。故答案是marking。 2. being offered。look forward to盼望某事，to是介词；结合语境应用被动形式。故答案是being offered。 3. teaching。devote oneself to致力于，to是介词。故答案是teaching。 4. be; speaking。used to do表示“过去常常做某事”；be used to doing可以表示“习惯于做某事”。故填be; speaking。 考点归纳七：常考省略介词类动词短语 spend…(in) doing 花费时间做某事 waste…(in) doing浪费时间做某事 be busy/occupied (in) doing 忙于做某事 prevent/stop …(from) doing阻止某人做某事 have a hard time (in) doing做某事有困难 have difficulty/trouble (in) doing做某事有困难 have fun (in) doing做……开心 There is no point/sense (in) doing做……没有用 There is no harm (in) doing不妨做某事 have problems (in) doing做某事有困难 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time________(pass) the exam. 2. According to a recent survey, children spent up to 25 hours a week ______(watch) TV. 3. You can’t imagine what great trouble she had __________(raise) the four children. 4. Even though they knew I didn’t speak Portuguese, that didn’t stop them from ____________ (talk) to me, and we were able to communicate without a problem. 【答案与解析】 1. passing。have a hard time (in) doing做某事有困难，介词in可以省略。故答案是passing。 2. watching。spend…(in) doing花费时间做某事，介词in可以省略。故答案是watching。 3. raising。have trouble (in) doing做某事有困难，介词in可以省略。故答案是raising。 4. talking。句意：尽管他们知道我不会说葡萄牙语，但这并没有阻止他们与我交谈，我们能够毫无问题地交流。分析句子结构，空处作非谓语动词，用于介词from之后，应用动名词形式作宾语，stop sb. from doing sth.“阻止某人做某事”。故填talking。 四.动词-ing形式作定语 A.动词-ing形式作定语时，表示所修饰词的用途，它的位置一般是在它所修饰的词的前面。 dining room餐厅 drinking water饮用水 reading room阅览室 sitting room起居室 sleeping car卧铺车厢 smoking room吸烟室 threshing ground打谷场 waiting room候车室 walking stick手杖 writing desk写字台 B.如果是单个的动词-ing形式作定语，往往位于它所修饰的词的前面；如果是动词-ing短语作定语，则要放在它所修饰的词的后面。 The swimming boy is my younger brother.正在游泳的男孩是我的弟弟。（swimming是单个的动词-ing形式作定语，修饰boy。） This is the path leading to the school.这就是通往学校的小路。（leading to the school是动词-ing短语作定语，修饰the path。） C.动词-ing形式作定语时，含有进行和主动的意思。 a.动词-ing形式作定语表示现在正发生的动作。 The man running over there is our chairman. =The man who is running over there is our chairman.正在朝那边跑的那个人是我们的主席。 The boy reading under a tree is an orphan. =The boy who is reading under a tree is an orphan.正在树下看书的那个男孩是一个孤儿。 I know the young man sleeping on the bench. =I know the young man who is sleeping on the bench.我认识正在长凳上睡觉的那个年轻人。 b.被修饰的名词与动词-ing形式在逻辑上存在主谓关系。 The road joining the two villages is very wide. =The road that joins the two villages is very wide.连接这两个村庄的路非常宽。 They lived in a room facing north thirty years ago. =They lived in a room which faced north thirty years ago.30年前，他们住在朝北的房间里。 注意：动词-ing形式作定语，一般不表示在谓语动词所表示动作之前或之后发生的动作。 （正）The man who came yesterday comes again.（定语从句） （误）The man coming yesterday comes in.（动词-ing形式） 昨天来过的那个人又来了。 （the man的定语“昨天来过的”所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示动作comes之前，此时不用动词-ing形式，而要用定语从句来作the man的定语，表示这个过去发生的动作。） The students to attend the meeting will arrive here tomorrow.（定语从句） =The students who will attend the meeting will arrive here tomorrow.（定语从句） 要参加会议的学生们明天到达这里。 动词-ing形式作定语有限定性和非限定性两种情况。 限定性动词-ing形式前后都没有逗号，而非限定性动词-ing形式后面有逗号。有时，这两种形式的句子有很大的区别。 His brother working as a teacher lives in Tianjin.（说明他不止有一个兄弟。） =His brother who works as a teacher lives in Tianjin.他当老师的哥哥住在天津。 His brother,working as a teacher,lives in Tianjin.（说明他只有一个兄弟。）他的哥哥是个老师，住在天津。 考点归纳八、现在分词作定语用法归纳 要点精讲 1.现在分词作定语表示一个正在进行的动作；being done表示一个被动的，正在进行的动作，having done不能作定语； 2. 单个分词修饰名词作前置定语；分词短语修饰名词作后置定语。 例1：The sleeping child is only five years old. （现在分词作前置定语） 例2：Do you know the man standing at the gate? （现在分词短语作后置定语） 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. ---Who were those people with the flags? ---A group (call) the League of Peace. 2. ---Who were those people with the flags? ---A group (call) itself the League of Peace. 3. The museum (build) now will be open to the public in six months. 4. The old man told the story in a voice and the little girl felt very (frighten). 5. The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and (weigh) less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat. 【答案与解析】 1. called。本题答语是个省略句，可以还原为Those people with the flags were a group (call) the League of Peace. 由此可以看出空白处是非谓语作定语，且是被动含义。故答案是called。 2. called。本题itself是关键，若没有itself，答案是called。故答案是calling。 3. being built。“建造”这一动作正在进行，又是被动行为，应用being done作定语。故答案是being built。 4. frightening; frightened。现在分词演化成形容词，表示“令人……”，过去分词演化成形容词，多表示“感到……”。故答案是frightening; frightened。 5. weighing。weigh, measure表示物体重量、高度等概念时，不能用被动形式。故答案是weighing。 五.动词-ing形式作宾语补足语 动词-ing形式经常用在动词feel，hear，keep，leave，listen to，look at，notice，see，watch等后面作宾语补足语，其中宾语和宾语补足语存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，且表示动作正在进行，状态正在持续。 The parents can hear their daughter playing the piano.父母能够听到他们的女儿正在弹钢琴。 Don’t leave him waiting outside in the rain.别让他在外边雨中等着。 When he passed the bank,he saw the thief stealing some money from the bank. 当他经过银行时，他看见这个贼正在偷钱。 考点归纳九、现在分词作宾语补足语用法归纳 要点精讲 1.观感使役类动词后接现在分词表示“看见/听见……某人正在做某事”。 2.巧记--注意让迈克听听看看这块表有啥感觉 notice, let, make, hear, listen to, see, observe, watch, have, feel 例1：I won't have you speaking to your dad like that. 例2：It's wrong to leave the machine running. 例3：I heard an English song being sung by the little girl when I passed by her room yesterday. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. She returned home, only to find a number of things ___________________________ (steal/miss/go/lose) 2. I looked up and noticed a snake (wind) its way up the tree to catch its breakfast. 3. The missing boy was last seen (play) near the East Lake. 4. When will you go to the hospital and have your tooth (examine)? 5. Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it _____________(perform) live is quite another. 【答案与解析】 1. stolen/missing/lost。be stolen/missing/lost是习惯用法。故答案是stolen/missing/lost。 2. winding。wind one’s way表示“蜿蜒行进”，结合语境这是notice sb doing sth句型。故答案是winding。 3. playing。last是关键：失踪的孩子最后一次有人见他在东湖边玩耍。故答案是playing。 4. examined。have sth done表示“使某事被做”，强调宾语与宾补之间的被动关系。故答案是examined。 5. being performed。结合语境“听到音乐现场被演奏”强调正在进行。故答案是being performed。 要点精讲：用于“with+名词+现在分词”，表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作。省略with后构成的“名词/代词+现在分词” 构成独立主格结构。 例1：I stood before her with my heart beating fast. 例2：Time permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. 1. With the boy __________ (lead) the way, the soldiers managed to walk through the forest. 2. The couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog (follow) them. 3. It___________(be) Sunday, we went camping and had a nice time. 4. The party will be held in the garden, weather (permit). 【答案与解析】 1. leading。with sb doing强调宾语和宾部之间的主动关系，故答案是leading。 2. following。with sb doing强调宾语和宾部之间的主动关系，故答案是following。 3. being。It being Sunday构成独立主格结构，相当于As it was Sunday。故答案是being。 4. permitting。weather permitting构成独立主格结构，相当于If weather permits。故答案是permitting。 六.动词-ing形式作状语 The secretary worked late into the night,preparing a long speech for the president.秘书工作到深夜，为总统准备一篇很长的发言稿。 The fans waited for hours,hoping to see the movie star.影迷们等了几个小时，希望能见到那位电影明星。 Having studied the map,I know which way to go.研究过地图以后，我知道该走哪条路了。 重要：动词-ing形式的完成式主要作状语，一般不能用作定语。它表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前已经发生。 Not wanting to be late,I took a taxi there.我不想迟到，就坐出租车到那儿了。 Hearing the news,he jumped.听到这个消息，他跳了起来。 Being unemployed,the man hasn’t enough money to buy food.因为失业，这个人没有足够的钱买食物。 1.动词-ing形式作时间状语 动词-ing形式作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，几乎每个动词-ing形式作时间状语时，都可以转换为一个时间状语从句，特别是动词-ing形式的完成式。要特别注意动词-ing形式所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作之间的时间关系。 动词-ing形式与谓语动作的时间关系 动词-ing短语的含义 动词-ing形式的位置 动词-ing形式所表示的动作一发生，谓语动词表示的动作就立即发生，用动词-ing形式的一般形式作状语 意为“当……的时候”，可以转换成“on+动词-ing”结构 放在句首 常用的这类动词多是表示一个极短暂动作的动词： arrive到达 close关闭 hear听见 leave离开 open打开 return归还 see看见 动词-ing形式：Hearing the bad news,they couldn’t help crying. 时间状语从句：When they heard the bad news,they couldn’t help crying. on+动词-ing：On hearing the bad news,they couldn’t help crying. 当听到这个不幸的消息时，他们情不自禁地哭了起来。 动词-ing形式与谓语动作的时间关系 动词-ing短语的含义 动词-ing形式的位置 动词-ing形式所表示的动作在进行过程中，谓语动词表示的动作发生了，在这种情况下，可以用动词-ing形式短语作状语，但一般在它的前面加上when或while 意为“当……的时候” 放在句首、句末均可 动词-ing形式：Be careful when crossing the street. 时间状语从句：Be careful when you are crossing the street.过马路时要小心。 动词-ing形式：While playing the piano,she got very excited. 时间状语从句：While she was playing the piano,she got very excited.当她弹钢琴时（过程中），她变得十分兴奋。 动词-ing形式与谓语动作的时间关系 动词-ing短语的含义 动词-ing形式的位置 在动词-ing形式所表示的动作完成之后，谓语动词所表示的动作才发生，用动词-ing形式的完成式作状语 意为“在……之后”，可转换成“after+动词-ing”结构 放在句首、句末均可 动词-ing形式：Having turned off the radio,he began to go over his lessons. 时间状语从句：After he had turned off the radio,he began to go over his lessons. after+动词-ing：After turning off the radio,he began to go over his lessons. 关上收音机之后，他开始温习功课。 动词-ing形式：Having received his letter,I decided to write back. 时间状语从句：After I had received his letter,I decided to write back. after+动词-ing：After receiving his letter,I decided to write back. 收到他的信后，我决定给他回信。 2.动词-ing形式作原因状语 动词-ing形式作原因状语时，相当于一个原因状语从句，同时也可以转变为一个原因状语从句，动词-ing形式的完成式也经常用来作原因状语。和作时间状语一样，也要注意动词-ing形式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作的时间关系。 A.动词-ing形式所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或者几乎同时发生时，用动词-ing形式的一般式。 动词-ing形式：Not recognizing the voice,he refused to give the person his address. 原因状语从句：Because he didn’t recognize the voice,he refused to give the person his address. 因为没听出这个人的声音，所以他没把自己的地址给他。 动词-ing形式：Being so angry,he couldn’t go to sleep. 原因状语从句：Because he was so angry,he couldn’t go to sleep. 他因为太生气了而不能入睡。 动词-ing形式：Forgetting his manners,he put his feet up on the desk. 原因状语从句：As he forgot his manners,he put his feet up on the desk. 此时他忘记了风度，一抬腿把脚放在了书桌上。 补充：若作状语的动词-ing形式含有心理活动的意义，则这个状语一般是表示原因的，如：know，think，forget，learn等。 B.动词-ing形式所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，用动词-ing形式的完成式。 动词-ing形式：Having been to the Great Wall many times,he didn’t go (there) last week. 原因状语从句：Because/As he had been to the Great Wall many times,he didn’t go (there) last week.他已去过长城许多次了，故上周他没去。 动词-ing形式：Not having received his father’s letter,he decided to make a call to him. 原因状语从句：Because he hadn’t received his father’s letter,he decided to make a call to him. 因为没收到父亲的信，所以他决定打个电话给父亲。 3.动词-ing形式作让步状语 动词-ing形式作让步状语时，相当于一个让步状语从句。有时，动词-ing形式前可带有连词although，whether，even if，even though。 动词-ing形式：Although working from morning till night,his father didn’t get enough food. 让步状语从句：Although his father worked from morning till night,he didn’t get enough food. 虽然他父亲从早到晚拼命干，但还不能糊口。 4.动词-ing形式作方式或伴随状语 动词-ing形式表示方式或伴随情况是比较常见的，它用来说明动作发生的背景或情况。此时，一般情况下，动词-ing形式所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。它没有相应的状语从句可转换，但可以用并列句来转换。 动词-ing形式：They came into the classroom,singing and laughing. 并列句：They sang and laughed;they came into the classroom.他们又唱又笑地走进教室。 注意：在动词-ing形式表示方式或伴随情况时，动词-ing形式表示的是次要动作，而谓语动词表示的是主要动作。在上例中，came（进来）是主要动作，singing，laughing是次要动作，是伴随着came这一动作而有的。所以这句不能写为： （误）They sang and laughed,coming into the classroom. 5.动词-ing形式作结果状语 动词-ing形式作结果状语时，通常放在句末，中间有逗号。有时为了突出结果，分词前带有thus。它可以转换为结果状语从句。 动词-ing形式：The bus was held up by the snowstorm,thus causing the delay. 结果状语从句：The bus was held up by the snowstorm,so it caused the delay. 公共汽车被大风雪所阻，因而耽搁了。 考点归纳十、现在分词作状语用法归纳 要点精讲 1. 现在分词可以作时间、原因、条件、伴随、结果状语，强调与句子主语之间主动关系； 2.现在分词一般式doing表示与谓语动词（几乎）同时发生； 3. 现在分词完成式having done则表示该动作先于谓语动作发生（2023新高考I卷考查到）； 4. 现在分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。 5.关键词：主动性；一致性；同步性。 例1： Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood.  （作时间状语，相当于When she saw those pictures） 例2：Being ill, he didn’t go to school. （作原因状语，相当于As he was ill） 例3：He sat on the sofa, watching TV. （作伴随状语，相当于He sat on the sofa and watched TV.） 例4：Her mother died in 1990, leaving her with her younger brother. （作结果状语，相当于and left…） 例5：Having answered the letter, she went on to read an English novel. （作时间状语，先回信后阅读） 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. The plate dropped from her hands, _______________(break) into pieces. 2. The plate dropped from her hands, and _______________(break) into pieces. 3. (find) the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level. 4. He was busy writing a story, only (stop) once in a while to smoke a cigarette. 5. I hurried to school, only _______________(find) to find it was Sunday. 6. Not _______________(know) her address, I had better telephone her to come over. 7. _______________(tell) many times, he still didn’t learn these rules by heart. 8. _______________(finish) his homework，he went to bed. 9. _______________(show) around the factory, they were taken to visit the museum. 10. (ask) to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film. 【答案与解析】 1. breaking。break与句子主语之间主动关系，应用现在分词作结果状语。故答案是breaking。 2. broke。And意味着这是一个并列句，句子缺少谓语动词，结合并列谓语dropped知道应用一般过去时。故答案是broke。 3. Finding。find与句子主语之间主动关系，应用现在分词。故答案是Finding。 4. stopping。stop与句子主语之间主动关系，应用现在分词。注意不要受only to do影响，该结构表示出乎预料的结果。故答案是stopping。 5. to find。本题only to do是动词不定式短语作结果状语。故答案是to find。 6. knowing。本题考查现在分词否定形式，且know与句子主语构成主动关系。故答案是knowing。 7. Having been told。tell与句子主语之间构成被动关系，且发生在谓语动作之前，应用having been done。故答案是Having been told。 8. Having finished。finish与句子主语之间构成主动关系，且发生在谓语动作之前，应用Having finished。 9. Having been shown。show与句子主语之间构成被动关系，且发生在谓语动作之前，应用having been done。故答案是Having been shown。 10. Having been asked。结合语境“要求加班”是被动的，且已经发生的，故用having been done。故答案是Having been asked。 七.动词-ing形式的否定式和动词-ing短语 1.动词-ing形式的否定式 动词-ing形式的否定式：not+动词-ing形式 I must apologize for not letting you know ahead of time.事先没让你知道，我必须为此向你道歉。 His not getting to the station on time makes everyone worried.他没准时到车站，这使得每个人都很担心。 I’m sorry for not being there.请原谅我没去那儿。 Not having received a reply,he decided to write again.因为没有收到回信，他决定再写（一封）。 2.动词-ing形式短语 动词-ing形式短语：物主代词/名词所有格+动词-ing形式 此时物主代词和名词所有格是这个动词-ing形式的逻辑主语，动词-ing形式短语可以作主语、表语和宾语。 Li Ming’s being late made his teacher very angry.（作主语）李明的迟到使他的老师非常生气。 I think the biggest problem is their not having enough time.（作表语）我认为最大的问题是他们没有足够的时间。 Do you mind my/me leaving now?（作宾语）我现在离开你介意吗？ Do you mind Li Ming’s/Li Ming asking some questions?（作宾语）你介意李明问些问题吗？ 重要：动词-ing短语如果不作主语，其逻辑主语可是代词的宾格和名词的普通格；但动词-ing形式短语如果作主语，那其逻辑主语只能是物主代词和名词的所有格。 He will be surprised at my/me calling.他会对我打电话感到惊奇的。 We all worry about Mary’s/Mary going there alone.我们大家都为玛丽独自去那儿感到担心。 八.动词-ing形式的时态和语态 1.动词-ing形式的时态 1.动词-ing形式的一般式 动词-ing形式的一般式泛指一般性动作，即动作发生的时间并不明确，或者它所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或在它之后发生。 I’m looking forward to seeing you soon.我期待很快见到你。 （动词-ing形式seeing所表示的动作发生的时间是在谓语动词look forward to所表示的动作之后。） The child is used to playing football.这个小孩习惯了踢足球。 （动词-ing形式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。） I enjoy listening to music very much.我非常喜欢听音乐。（动词-ing形式所表示的时间概念并不明确。） 2.动词-ing形式的完成式 动词-ing形式的完成式所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。 He is praised for having devoted his whole life to the country.他因为把自己的一生贡献给这个国家而受到表彰。 You regret not having taken the doctor’s advice,don’t you?你后悔没听大夫的劝告了吧？ Thank you for having helped me so much.谢谢你给了我这么多的帮助。 3.动词-ing形式的一般式代替完成式的情况 当通过上下文可以明显地看出动词-ing形式和谓语动词所表示的动作发生的时间先后时，可以用一般式来代替完成式。在一些动词或动词短语中，尽管动词-ing形式所表示的动作是在谓语动词之前发生，我们也常用一般式来代替完成式或两者通用，这些动词和动词短语有： apologize 道歉 forget 忘记 remember 记住 excuse sb. for 原谅某人…… thank sb. for 因为……感谢某人 I don’t remember having received his letter. =I don’t remember receiving his letter.我不记得收到过他的信。 Thank you for having helped me so much. =Thank you for helping me so much.谢谢你给了我这么多帮助。 2.动词-ing形式的语态 1.动词-ing形式的被动语态 当动词-ing形式逻辑上的主语是动词-ing形式所表示动作的对象时，动词-ing形式一般要用被动形式。 The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught.这只松鼠很幸运地没被抓到。 （动词-ing形式逻辑上的主语squirrel是catch这个动作的对象。） Before being used,the machine must be checked.这台机器在使用之前必须要（被）检查一下。 比较：He insisted on being sent to hospital.他坚持要把他自己送到医院去。/他坚持他自己被送到医院去。 （动词-ing形式逻辑上的主语he是send这个动作的对象。） He insisted on sending her to hospital.他坚持要把她送到医院去。 （动词-ing形式逻辑上的主语he不是send这个动作的对象。） 2.动词-ing形式被动式的使用场合 A.及物动词-ing形式作定语，既要表达进行意味，又要表达被动意味时，用被动式。 The question being discussed is very important. =The question that is being discussed is very important.正在（被）讨论的问题十分重要。 The skyscraper being built is still higher than the one that was built the year before last. =The skyscraper that is being built is still higher than the one that was built the year before last. 正在建造的那幢摩天大楼比前年造的那幢还要高。 Do you know the boy being punished by our teacher? =Do you know the boy who is being punished by our teacher?你认识正在被我们老师处罚的那个男孩吗？ 补充：如果要表达将来的或已完成的动作，就要用不定式的被动式或定语从句表示。 You are welcome to the party to be given in our class at 7:30 p.m.,Dec.25. 欢迎您参加12月25日晚上7：30在我们班举行的晚会。 （正）Those who have handed in their compositions may go home. （用定语从句表达已完成的动作。） （误）Those having handed in their compositions may go home. （动词-ing形式的完成式一般不能作定语。） 交了作文的那些人可以回家了。 B.动词-ing形式的主动形式表达被动意义的情况 有些动词，如want，need，require，deserve，worth等后面可以跟动词-ing形式的主动形式而表达被动意味。这些动词常用于下列两个句型中： 句型：主语（物）+want/need/require（需要）+doing =主语+want/need/require（需要）+to be done The radio wants/needs/requires repairing. =The radio wants/needs/requires to be repaired.这台收音机需要修理了。 The babies want/need/require examining. =The babies want/need/require to be examined.这些婴儿们需要体检了。 The sick woman wants/needs/requires looking after. =The sick woman wants/needs/requires to be looked after.这个生病的妇女需要照顾。 句型：主语+be worth doing =主语+be worthy+to be done =主语+be worthy+of being done The book is well worth reading again. 注意：此句型中要用well修饰worth，而不能用very。同时reading后面不能跟it，因为reading的逻辑主语就是句子的主语the book，后面不能再重复出现它。 =The book is worthy to be read again.=The book is worthy of being read again.这本书非常值得再读一遍。 The piano is well worth buying.=The piano is worthy to be bought.=The piano is worthy of being bought. 这架钢琴很值得买。 These honest men are worth respecting and depending on.=These honest men are worthy to be respected and to be depended on.=These honest men are worthy of being respected and being depended on. 这些诚实的人值得尊敬和信赖。 考点归纳十一：动名词的复杂形式归纳 动名词的被动式、否定式和完成式 （以动词find为例） 内容 主动语态 被动语态 否定式 一般式 finding being found not finding 完成式 having found having been found not having found （一般式）Do you mind my opening the window? 你介意我打开窗户吗？ （完成式）I apologize for having broken my promise. 我没有遵守诺言，我道歉。 （被动式）I could no longer stand being treated like that. 我再也不能忍受被那样对待。 （完成被动式）She was proud of having been trained in the U.K. 在英国受过训，她感到自豪。 （否定式）Jack's not getting the station on time made us worried. 杰克没有准时到达车站使我们很担忧。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. They insisted on _____________(give) another chance to try. 2. ---They are quiet, aren’t they? ---Yes. They are accustomed to ______________(talk) at meals. 3. What I hate most is ________________ (laugh at) by others. 4. With Hong Kong and Macao’s return，Taiwan’s____________(reunite) eventually with the motherland is a matter of time. 【答案与解析】 1. being given。insist on doing表示“坚持做某事”，结合语境应用被动形式。故答案是being given。 2. not taking。be used/accustomed to习惯于；结合语境应用否定形式。故答案是not taking。 3. being laughed。结合语境空白处需要动名词作表语，又是被动含义。故答案是。being laughed。 4. being reunited。句意：随着香港和澳门的回归，台湾与大陆最终统一只是个时间问题。分析句子结构可知，“ Taiwan's________eventually with the motherland”是句子的主语，因此用动词-ing形式的复合结构作主语，且be reunited with…表示“与……团聚”，故空处填being reunited。 考点归纳十二：部分动名词主动形式表示被动意义 want/need/require doing=to be done需要做某事； be worth doing=be worthy of being done值得做； deserve doing=deserve to be done值得做。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. After the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area need___________/_______________ (repair). 2. The new film you referred to this morning deserves __________(see) again. 【答案与解析】 1. repairing/to be repaired。want/need/require doing=to be done需要做某事。故答案是repairing/to be repaired。 2. seeing/to be seen。deserve doing=deserve to be done值得做，动名词主动形式表示被动意义。故答案是seeing。 其他动名词典型用法 一.动名词复合结构典型用法 要点精讲：1.标准用法: ①名词所有格+doing (如Jane’s doing); 如 I insist on Mary's going there. 我坚持要玛丽到那儿去。 ②形容词物主代词+doing(如her doing); 作主语、表语或宾语。如 Hi coming home late worries his other. 他来晚让妈妈很担忧。 I had not heard of your being ill. 我没听说你病了。 2.省略用法: 名词普通格+doing(Jane doing); 宾格+doing 作表语或宾语(me doing)。如： The doctor does not mind me /my eating a little meat occasionally.代夫并不反对我偶尔吃一点肉。 I insist on both of them coming in time. 我坚持要他们两人准时来。 Do you remember Mary and her mother coming to see us last year? 你还记得玛丽和她妈妈去年来看我们吗？ 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Do you mind Jane _______________(leave) alone at home? 2. She never dreamed of there________(be) a chance for her to go abroad for further studies. 3. The president’s ________(attend) the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement. 【答案与解析】 1. being left。leave sb alone把某人单独留下；do you mind doing…?是固定句型。故答案是being left。 2. being。dream of doing梦想做某事；there being…这里作介词宾语。故答案是being。 3. attending。这里The president’s attending the meeting构成动名词复合结构作主语。故填attending。 二．状语从句省略用法归纳 要点精讲：1. 如果状语从句主语是it is 或者主从句主语一致且含有be动词时，省略主语和be动词。2. 连接词+现在分词，表示与主语之间主动关系；连接词+现在分词表示与主语之间被动关系。 例1：Do be careful when crossing the street. 例2：When asking for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Though ____________ (surprise) to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome. 2. Though (lack) money, his parents managed to send him to university. 3. I couldn’t find my key to the car when (leave) home. 4. While (wait) for a bus, I came across my former English teacher. 5. Granny fell asleep when _____________(watch) TV. 【答案与解析】 1. surprised。原句可还原为Though he was surprised。故答案是surprised。 2. lacking。lack与句子主语之间构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故答案是lacking。 3. leaving。leave与句子主语之间构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故答案是leaving。 4. waiting。wait与句子主语之间构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故答案是waiting。 5. watching。watch与句子主语之间构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故答案是watching。 三．现在分词短语作插入语用法归纳 要点精讲 英语中一些现在分词短语可以视作插入语，其逻辑主语可以与句子主语不一致。 generally/frankly speaking 一般来说 judging from/by 根据……来判断 talking of 谈到…… considering 考虑到…… 例1：Generally speaking, naughty boys like to speak in class. 一般来说，淘气的男孩喜欢在课堂上说话。 例2：Judging from his look, he is very sick. 从他的样子判断，他病得很重。 例3：Considering his age, he did very well. 从年龄考虑,他干得挺不错。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. _________(talk) of travel, have you ever been to Beijing? 2. (judge) from what he said, he must be the thief who has stolen the car. 【答案与解析】 1. Talking。Talking of表示“谈到，说到”，可以视作插入语，其逻辑主语可以与句子主语不一致。故答案是Talking。 2. Judging。Judging from…表示“根据……判断”，可以视作插入语，其逻辑主语可以与句子主语不一致。故答案是Judging。 四．现在分词复杂形式用法归纳 现在分词的被动式、完成式和否定式（以动词find为例） 内容 主动语态 被动语态 否定式 一般式 finding being found not finding 完成式 having found having been found not having found 例1：Not having received her reply, I decided to write to her again. 例2：Having spent the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. (know) which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice. 2._________________ (work) for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. 3. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not ________(move), and asked myself what I was going to do. 【答案与解析】 1. Not knowing。结合语境应用现在分词否定形式。故答案是Not knowing。 2. Having worked。work与句子主语之间构成主动关系，且“工作两天”发生在“按时完成报告”之前，应用完成式。故答案是has given。 3. moving。结合语境not moving短语作伴随状语，故答案是moving。 基础题 一、语法选择 Many of us have feelings of loneliness as we grow up. As a teenager, just 　1　 alone in the cafeteria can be unbearable, and girls even go to the restroom hand in hand. They fear 　2　 a “loner”. In these cases, we might use the word “loner” in a disapproving way. However, it can actually have a positive meaning as well.  It all depends on our attitudes towards being alone. If we see 　3　 alone as something negative, we will resist (抵制) it. But if we understand that it's an everyday part of life, we'll be able 　4　 it.  In some countries, more young people are choosing 　5　 loners. In South Korea, “honjok” has become a popular lifestyle. The term comes from “hon” (alone) and “jok” (tribe). These people eat alone, travel alone, and enjoy 　6　 alone.  “I hope it grows into a self-supporting culture of happiness,” said Jang Jae Young, a South Korean who runs a website about this solo lifestyle 　7　 honjok.me.  In Japan, people have developed a strong “loner culture” and even a “loner economy”. There are many solo karaoke bars and solo cafes. Even some restaurants are specially designed for solo diners. Clapboards (隔板) separate each seat. They fill out a form 　8　 an order, and then press a button to call the waiter. So they don't have to see the faces of other customers or waiters.  People are becoming more experienced in and comfortable about 　9　 solitude (独处). This doesn't mean we should totally shut ourselves from the outside world, of course. But it doesn't hurt 　10　 some “me time” once in a while.  1.A.eat　　　 B.to eat　　　 C.eating　　　 D.eaten 2.A.be called　　　 B.to be called C.be calling　　　 D.being called 3.A.is　　　 B.are　　　 C.be　　　 D.being 4.A.hug　　　 B.to hug　　　 C.hugging　　　 D.hugged 5.A.to be　　　 B.be　　　 C.being　　　 D.been 6.A.be　　　 B.to be　　　 C.being　　　 D.been 7.A.call　　　 B.to call　　　 C.calling　　　 D.called 8.A.place　　　 B.to place　　　 C.placing　　　 D.placed 9.A.embrace　　　 B.to embrace　　　 C.embracing　　　 D.embraced 10.A.have　　　 B.to have　　　 C.having　　　 D.had 语篇解读　 文章介绍了独处正在成为一种流行的生活方式,而并非人们传统上认为的消极处事态度。 1.C　本题考查非谓语动词。在本句中,动名词短语充当句子的主语。故选C。 2.D　本题考查非谓语动词。fear doing sth.害怕做某事,且此处是“害怕被称作”,所以选D。 3.D　本题考查非谓语动词。用v.-ing形式作see的宾语,故选D。 4.B　本题考查非谓语动词。be able to do sth.能够做某事。故选B。 5.A　本题考查非谓语动词。choose to do sth.选择做某事。故选A。 6.C　本题考查非谓语动词。enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事。故选C。 7.D　本题考查非谓语动词。过去分词短语作后置定语。故选D。 8.B　本题考查非谓语动词。此处用不定式表目的。故选B。 9.C　本题考查非谓语动词。embrace拥抱。空前的介词about后应用动名词形式。故选C。 10.B　本题考查非谓语动词。动词不定式短语to have some “me time” once in a while是本句真正的主语,it在本句中充当形式主语。故选B。 提高题 一.用动词-ing形式（短语）改写下列句子 1.When I entered the room,I saw strange sight. _______________________________________________________________________________ 2.As I did not know her address,I could not write to her. _______________________________________________________________________________ 3.Though I admit what you have said is right,I still think you should meet him. _______________________________________________________________________________ 4.After he had locked the door,he went out for a walk. _______________________________________________________________________________ 5.When you cross the busy street,you must look around. _______________________________________________________________________________ 6.After waiting at the school gate for half an hour,the boy had to leave. _______________________________________________________________________________ 7.Because Mr.Liu was very tired,he went to bed earlier than usual last night. _______________________________________________________________________________ 8.Mother stood by the road.She was watching the children playing football. _______________________________________________________________________________ 9.Do you know the boy who brings you these beautiful flowers? _______________________________________________________________________________ 1.Being very tired,I went to bed soon after dinner. 2.Recognizing the old friend of his in his childhood,he went over to say hello to him. 3.Having recognized her,he pretended not to have seen her. 4.Whose is the radio being repaired? 5.The novel being translated into English was written by a young writer. 6.The child heard someone coming upstairs step by step. 7.Turn off the tap.Don’t have the water running to waste! 3.1.Entering the room,I saw a strange sight. 2.Not knowing her address,I could not write to her. 3.Admitting what you have said is right,I still think you should meet him. 4.Having locked the door,he went out for a walk. 5.Crossing the busy street,you must look around. 6.Having waited at the school gate for half an hour,the boy had to leave. 7.Being very tired,Mr.Liu went to bed earlier than usual last night. 8.Mother stood by the road,watching the children playing football. 9.Do you know the boy bringing you these beautiful flowers? 二．语法填空(用动词的适当形式填空) 1．________(go) to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles' song “The Long and Winding Road”．What is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we humans 2.________(be)． The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb.It will undoubtedly help you get 3.________(refresh)! The 4.________(amaze) thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature 5.________(get) the hotter the spring! Strange, isn't it? But that's how nature is—always leaving us 6.________(astonish)． What comes next is the endless series of steps.You can't help 7.________(wonder) how hard it was for the people then 8.________(put) all those rocks into place.Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 9.________(ache) legs. As the song goes，this long and winding road “will never disappear”，and it will always stick in the visitor's memory.It sure does in mine.While you're in China，Mount Huangshan is a must 10.________ (visit)! 【语篇解读】　本文讲述了作者爬黄山的见闻和感受。 1.Going　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构并结合语境可知，本空为主语，故应用动词的-ing形式作主语。 2.are　考查主谓一致。根据句意“人类是多么渺小”且主语we humans是复数，可知谓语用are。 3.refreshed　考查非谓语动词作表语。get refreshed构成系表结构。 4.amazing　考查非谓语动词作定语。修饰thing，意为“奇妙的事情”，故用-ing形式作定语。 5.gets　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据句意以及上下文时态可知，此处用一般现在时，且主语the temperature为第三人称单数，故填gets。 6.astonished　考查非谓语动词作宾补。本空在“leave＋复合宾语”结构中作宾补，且根据语境可知，这里指的是使我们“感到惊讶”，故填astonished。 7.wondering　考查非谓语动词作宾语。can't help doing sth.忍不住做某事。 8.to put　考查不定式作主语。此处为 it is/was＋adj.＋for sb.＋to do sth.的变式，it为形式主语，to do 为真正的主语。 9.aching　考查非谓语动词。本空在句中作定语，ache与中心词legs之间是逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词aching。 10.to visit　考查非谓语动词作定语。此处must用作名词，指“必须要做的一件事”，需用动词不定式作定语。 develop attention  future confidence  learn   personally land on excited real wait take carry proud   see chance Elizabeth watched NASA's perseverance Rover being sent to Mars in July 2020. After that, the seven-year-old 1 great interest in space. She threw herself into 2 all about space and she even launched(发射) a homemade Vulcan Centaur rocket from her garden at the beginning of 2021. Her great excitement for space got the 3 of scientists in United Launch Alliance. They are now preparing the 4 Vulcan Centaur for the first journey to the moon in nearly 50 years. They will launch the first-ever private“ time capsule(时间胶囊)” to 5 the moon's surface. They offered to 6 something belonging to Elizabeth to the moon. So a sticker(贴纸) 7 the name of her space blog will be part of the “time capsule”. Her family have even been invited to 8 the launch in Florida at the end of 2021. And she's already doing her own astronaut's physical training to prepare for a 9 trip in space. She hopes to visit the moon and her sticker 10 one day. Elizabeth said:"I can't 11 to see a video of the capsule with my sticker on the moon.” Elizabeth's mother was really 12 of her, “None of us could believe it when we knew she would have the valuable 13 to make her mark on the moon. For her this means anything is possible and her 14 has greatly grown.” Elizabeth couldn't be more 15 about the upcoming launch. After all, if anyone knows the sky is far from the limit, it's her. 1._________   2._________   3._________   4._________    5._________ 6._________  7._________   8._________    9._________   10._________ 11._________ 12._________ 13._________  14._________ 15._________ 长难句分析 原句：...None of us could believe it when we knew she would have the valuable chance to make her mark on the moon. 译文：··……当我们得知她将有在月球上留下自己的印记的宝贵机会时，我们都无法相信。 分析：这是一个复合句。其中when引导时间状语从句；该从句中又包含一个省略了引导词that的宾语从句 she would...her mark on the moon.作knew的宾语。 译文 2020年7月，Elizabeth目睹了美国国家航空航天局（NASA)“坚毅号”火星车被送上火星的过程。从此，这个七岁的孩子对太空产生了浓厚的兴趣。她全身心地投入到太空知识的学习中，2021年初，她甚至在自家的花园里发射了一枚自制的Vulcan Centaur火箭。 她对太空的巨大热情引起了联合发射联盟的科学家们的注意。他们如今正在为近50年以来的首次登月之旅，准备真正的Vulcan Centaur火箭。他们将把有史以来第一个私人“时间胶囊”发射到月球表面。 他们主动提出要把一些属于Elizabeth的东西带到月球上。因此，一张带有她太空博客名字的贴纸将成为“时间胶囊”的一部分。她的家人甚至被邀请观看2021年底在佛罗里达州举行的发射。 而且，她正在进行她自己的宇航员体能训练，为将来的太空旅行做准备。她希望有一天能亲自到访月球，看看她的贴纸。Elizabeth说：“我迫不及待地想看带着我的贴纸的‘时间胶囊’在月球上的视频。” Elizabeth的母亲很为她骄傲，“当我们得知她将有在月球上留下自己的印记的宝贵机会时，我们都无法相信。对她来说，这意味着一切皆有可能，她的信心增强了很多。” Elizabeth对即将到来的发射感到非常兴奋。毕竟，如果有人知道天空远非极限，那就是她。 答案详析 1.developed 根据下一句“She threw herself...all about space and she even launched a homemade Vulcan Centaur rocket from her garden at the beginning of 2021.”可知，Elizabeth甚至在花园里发射了一枚自制的Vulcan Centaur火箭。由此可推知，此处指她对太空产生了极大的兴趣。根据时态填过去时。 2．learning 根据空后的 all about space 和“she even launched a homemade Vulcan Centaur rocket from her garden”可推知，此处指她全身心地投入到太空知识的学习中。Into+ doing sth 3.attention 根据下一段中的“They offered... something belonging to Elizabeth”和“Her family have even been invited to...the launch in Florida at the end of 2021.”可知，联合发射联盟给 Elizabeth 和她的家人发出了邀请，故此处指 Elizabeth 对于太空的热情引起了来自联合发射联盟的科学家们的注意。 4.real根据上一段中的“she even launched a homemade Vulcan Centaur rocket from her garden at the beginning of 2021”可知，Elizabeth 在花园里发射了一枚自制的 Vulcan Centaur火箭，故推测此处指联合发射联盟正在准备将真正的Vulcan Centaur 火箭发射到月球上去。 5. land on根据空前的launch 和空后的 moon's surface可知，此处指他们会发射第一个私人“时间胶囊”到月球表面。land on“登陆；降落于”。 6. take根据下一句“So a sticker...of her space blog will be part of the ‘time capsule'.”可知，此处指联合发射联盟的科学家们主动提出把一些属于Elizabeth的东西带到月球上。 7.carry根据空后的“the name of her space blog”可知，此处指一张带有她的太空博客名字的贴纸。carry“带有：附有”，符合语境。 8.see根据上文可知“时间胶囊”将被发射至月球，故推测此外指她的家人被邀请在2021年底去观看发射现场。 9.future 根据下一句中的“She hopes to visit the moon and her sticker"可知.她希望有一天能去月球并看看她的贴纸，故此处指现在她正在进行她自己的宇航员体能训练，为将来的太空之旅作准备。 10. personally根据上文可知，“时间胶囊”将被发射至月球；再结合上一句可知，她正在做宇航员体能训练，为将来的太空之旅作准备。由此可推知，此处指她希望有一天能亲自去月球，看看她的贴纸。personally“亲自地；亲身地”。 11.wait 根据上文可知，发射将于2021年底进行，故推测此处指她现在迫不及待地想要看看带着她的贴纸的“时间胶囊”在月球上的视频。can't wait to do sth.“迫不及待地做某事”，为固定配。 12.proud 根据空后的“None of us could believe it”可知，Elizabeth的母亲说他们谁也不敢相信，故推知此处指她为Elizabeth感到非常骄傲。be proud of“为……自豪；以……为骄傲”，为常用短语。 13.chance 后的“to make her mark On the moon”可知，Elizabeth可以在月球上留下她的印记，这对她来说是一个非常宝贵的机会。 14.confidence 根据空前的“For her this means anything is possible”可知，Elizabeth的母亲认为对Elizabeth来说，这意味着一切皆有可能。故推测此处指她的信心增强了很多。 15.excited根据上文可知，Elizabeth现在迫不及待地想要看看带着她的贴纸的“时间胶囊”在月球上的视频，故推测她现在对于即将到来的发射感到非常兴奋。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$