衔接点10 特殊句式（小初考点差异及衔接）-2024年小升初英语无忧衔接（通用版）

衔接点10 特殊句式（小初考点差异及衔接） 小学要求 主要学习疑问句、感叹句、There be 句型 初中要求 1、 陈述句的构成形式及基本用法； 2、 疑问句的构成形式及基本用法； 3、 祈使句的构成形式及基本用法； 5、由what, how引导的感叹句的构成形式、用法及区别。 【小学特殊句式考点聚焦】 感叹句 1.选词填空 What How What a What an (1) nice the skirt is! (2) hot it is today ! (3) big horses they are! (4) interesting book it is! (5) clever boy he is! (6) clever the boy is! (7) hard Jack works! (8) fast Peter runs ! (9) fine day it is! (10) nice pictures they are! 疑问句 在下面的横线上填上恰当的疑问词。 how long where how many when how tall which why whose how much who how far what how old how how heavy (1)- is the weather like today?-It's sunny. (2)- pen is it?-It's Mary's. (3)- does Lucy come to school?-She comes to school by car. (4)- is your jacket?-It's 100 yuan. (5)- is Lucy from?-She's from Australia. (6)- are you?-I'm eleven years old. (7)- are you?-I'm 155 cm. (8)- are you?-I'm 60 kg. (9)- boys are there in your class?-There are twelve. (10) boy is your brother?-The one in a red cap. (11)- is your maths teacher?-Mr Chen is my maths teacher. (12)- is it?-It's about 50kilometres. (13) did you stay in America?-For two weeks. (14) does your father go to work?-At 8:30 a.m. (15)- do you like winter?-Because I can skate. There be 句型 1.选择正确的词填空。(16分) (1)There (is/are)seven days in a week. (2)There (is/are)some milk in the fridge. (3)There (is/isn't)any money in his pocket. (4)There (is/was)a bridge three years ago. (5) (Is/Are)there any apples on the table? (6)There (is/are)a Chinese book and three maths books in my bag. (7)There (are/aren't)any sheep at this farm. (8)There (is/are)some bread for you. 【初中特殊句式考点聚焦】 考点清单 简单句的特点：简单句通常只由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成。一般分为陈述句、疑问句、感叹句和祈使句四种。 一、陈述句： 用来说明一个事实的句子叫陈述句。它有肯定式和否定式两种形式。 陈述句的肯定式： He is a middle school student.（他是个中学生） I have a hammer in my hand.（我手上有把锤子） She teaches us geography.（她教我们地理） The new play was good enough and everybody enjoyed it.（新的话剧非常好大家都喜欢） 陈述句的否定式： 1.谓语动词如果是be 、助动词、情态动词时,在它们的后面加“not”。 如：My brother is not a teacher.（我的弟弟不是教师） He does not have a cousin.（他没有堂兄弟） I will not go there tomorrow.（明天我不去那儿） You must not make such mistakes again.（你不该再犯类似错误了） 2.谓语动词如果没有上述词语而是其他动词时,须在它的前面加do not(don’t). 如：I don’t know anything about it.(此事我一无所知) Li Ming does not feed pigs in the countryside.（李明不在农村养猪） We didn’t expect to meet her right here.（我们没指望着在这里见到她） We didn’t have a meeting yesterday afternoon.(昨天下午我们没有开会) [注意] 1.句子中如果有all、both、very much/well等词时,用not一般构成部分否定,如果要完全否定,则通常使用none、neither、not…at all等； 如：All of them went there.→None of them went there.（他们全都去了那里→他们全都没去那里） 2.句子中含有little、few、too(太)、hardly、never、neither、nor、seldom等词时, 则视为否定句。 如：Few people live there because life there is very hard.（几乎没有人生活在那里因为那里的生活太艰难了） 二、疑问句 一般疑问句： 用“yes”或“no”来回答的疑问句叫做一般疑问句。 1. 一般疑问句构成：句中谓语动词是 be、助动词、情态动词时,则将它们(提前)放到主语前面。 如：Is he an engineer?（他是工程师吗？） Have you got today’s newspaper? （你有今天的报纸吗？） Shall we go to see a film this evening? （我们今晚去看电影好吗？） Can you explain it ?（你能解释它吗？） Is there any fish for supper?（晚饭有鱼吗？） Would you like to go out for a walk?（你想出去散步吗？） 谓语动词如果没有上述词语而是其他动词时,则在主语前面加助动词do / does / did, 原来的谓语动词改为原形。 如：Do you get up at six every morning?（你天天早晨六点起身吗？） Does she study hard?（她学习努力吗？） Did you go there yesterday?（昨天你去那儿了吗？） 2.一般疑问句的回答： 一般疑问句通常用简略形式来回答。如： Will you join us in playing basketball?（你加入我们打篮球好吗？） —Yes, we will.（是的我们会。）/ —No, we won’t.（不我们不会。） 3.一般疑问句的否定结构(即否定形式的一般疑问句)表示惊奇、责怪、建议、看法等,只要将“not”置于主语之后或者将“not”放到主语之前与be, have等助动词或情态动词合并在一起就可以了。 如：Will he not come?（他难道不来吗？） Isn’t your sister a Party member?（你的姐姐不是党员吗？） 这种否定结构的疑问句的回答与汉语的习惯不同。如果回答是肯定的,就用“yes+肯定结构”；如果回答是否定的,就用“no+否定结构”。(情况与反意问句类似。) 如：Can’t he answer the question? (他不能回答这个问题吗？) —Yes,he can.(不,他能回答这个问题。) —No,he can’t. (是的,他不能回答这个问题。) 特殊疑问句 1.特殊疑问句结构是： 疑问代词 +一般疑问句+？ 除who以外的疑问代词短语 疑问副词 如：What do you want?（你要什么？） Who(m) are you looking for ?（你在找谁？） Which class are you in?（你在哪班？） When did you get up this morning?（你今早什么时候起身的？） Where have you been?（你到哪儿去了？） Why did he go to bed so early?（他为什么这么早睡觉？） How did you go there?（你是怎么去的那儿？） 但是,“who”引出的询问主语或主语部分相关词的特殊疑问句的结构与陈述句词序相同： 如：Who is dancing over there?（谁在那边跳舞？） 有时“what”,“which”,“whose”也可以引出与陈述句词序相同的特殊疑问句。 如：What is on the wall?（什么东西在墙上？/墙上有什么？） Which is yours?（哪个是你的？） Whose book is in your bag?（谁的书在你的书包里？） [注意]从陈述句改为特殊问句时,先将句子改为一般问句,再将(划线)提问部分更改为疑问词置于句首,特别 要注意助动词的使用！如果只对主语或主语的修饰词提问,那么只需要将疑问部分改为疑问词即可。 2)常用疑问代词和疑问副词 疑问代词 疑问副词 what,who(whom,whose),which when,where,why,how(often,far,long,soon,old,many,much) 疑问词 提问对象 What（什么） 对主语，谓语、表语、宾语提问 What makes you so worried? What are you doing? What is this? What can you see? The exam makes me so worried. I am watching TV. This is a ruler. I can see a dog. Who（谁） 对主语提问 Who is our monitor? Tom is our monitor. Which（哪个） 对定语提问 Which skirt do you prefer? I prefer the red one. When（什么时候） 对时间提问 When do you get up every day? I get up at 6 o’clock. Where（哪里） 对地点提问 Where are they? They are at home. Why（为什么） 对原因提问 Why didn’t you finish your job in time? Why do you study so hard? Because I was very tired. To pass the exam. How（怎样） 对表示方式、程度的词提问 How do you go to school？ How is your school day? I go to school by car./by +doing. It’s good. How old（多大） 对年龄提问 How old is your son? He is two years old. How many （多少） 对数量提问，后接可数名词复数 How many teachers are there in your school? There are three teachers in my school. How much （多少） 对数量提问后接不可数名词/对钱提问 How much water in the bottle? How much are the socks? There is a little water in the bottle. The socks are sever dollars. How long （多长时间） 对时间段提问 How long does it take to go to school? It takes me 2 hours to go to school. How often （多久） 对频率提问 How often do you do exercise? I do exercise once a week. How far(多远) 对距离提问 How far is it from your home to school? It is 3 km from my home to school. How soon (多久后) 对将来时间提问 How soon will you finish your work? I will finish my work in an hour. 选择疑问句：提出两种或两种以上情况,需要对方作出选择回答的疑问句叫选择疑问句。 1) 构成：(1) 一般疑问句 + or + 第二选项？ (2) 特殊疑问句 + 第一选项(+ 第二选项)+ or+ 第三选项？ 2)选择疑问句的结构与特殊疑问句相同,即要具体回答,不可以用yes / no回答。 如：Is your friend a boy or a girl? –A girl. (----你的朋友是男孩还是女孩？----是女孩。) Which do you prefer, coffee or tea? –Tea, please. (---你要哪一样咖啡还是茶？----请来茶吧。) Which do you like best, singing, dancing or skating? --Dancing, of course. (----唱歌、跳舞和溜冰你最喜欢哪样？----当然是跳舞啦！) 1.　　　 is your hometown? I can’t find it anywhere on the map.  A.What　　　　 B.Which C.When　　　　 D.Where 2.—　　　 have you been a member of the Youth League?  —For three years. A.How long　　　　 B.How many C.How often　　　　 D.How far 3.—　　　 do you play volleyball， Amy?  —Three days a week. A.How long　　　　 B.How soon C.How often　　　　 D.How much 4.—　　　 did the online concert begin?  —You didn’t miss anything. It has just begun. A.When　　　　 B.Where　　　　 C.What　　　　 D.Why 5.—　　　 is China’s Tiangong space station from us?  —About 400 kilometers above the earth. A.How much　　　　 B.How often C.How far　　　　 D.How long 6.—I love this T⁃shirt. 　　　　does it cost?  —50 yuan. Why not try it on? A.How long　　　　 B.How often C.How old　　　　 D.How much 7. —　　　will you leave for camping?  —This weekend. Everything is ready for the picnic. A.When　　　　 B.Where　　　　 C.How　　　　 D.Why 8.—　　　 can you skip rope， Linda?  —Over 200 times in a minute. A.How soon　　　　 B.How far　　　　 C.How fast　　　　 D.How long 三、祈使句 祈使句用来表示请求、命令等。它的主语you往往省略。 祈使句的肯定式： 动词(原形) + 其他 如：Please give me a hand. (请帮忙) / Shut up! (住嘴！) 祈使句的否定式： Don’t +动词原形 + 其他 如：Please don’t talk in low voices. (请不要低声讲话。) Don’t look back! (不要掉头看。) [注意] 以“let’s”引出的祈使句的否定结构,“not”应放在“let’s”后面。 如：Let’s not trouble him. (我们不要打扰他。) 肯定祈使句前可以用助动词来强调语气。如：Please do help me! (请千万帮帮我。) 1. 　　　fast to your dreams， for if dreams die， life is like a broken⁃winged bird that can never fly.  A.Hold　　　　 B.To hold　　　　 C.Held　　　　 D.Holding 2.—Cindy， 　　　out the rubbish when you leave. And I’ll do the dishes.  —OK， Dad. A.take　　　　 B.takes　　　　 C.took　　　　 D.to take 3.—Your room is in a terrible mess， Tom. 　　　your books here and there next time.  —OK， 　　　. I’ll put them away in five minutes， Mum.  A.Don’t leave;I won’t　　　　 B.Won’t leave;I will C.Don’t leave;I will　　　　 D.Won’t leave;I won’t 4.Mr Lee， 　　　　　(not mix) your life and work together.  5.　　　　　(make) sure there are no mistakes in your paper and you can hand it in.  四、感叹句 感叹句用来表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情。句末常用“！” 对含有形容词的名词短语感叹的结构通常是： What + (a /an) + (形容词) +名词+ 陈述句结构(主谓语) ,用来强调句子中的名词, 如：What a good, kind girl (she is)! (她是多么善良的好女孩！) / What bad weather (it is)! (天气真糟糕！) 仅对形容词或副词进行感叹的结构通常是：How + 形容词/副词 + 陈述句结构(主谓语) ,用来强调句子中的形容词、副词或动词。 如：How carefully the old man walks! (这老人走路真小心！) How delicious the food is! (这食品真好吃！) ` How beautiful! (真美呀！) How beautiful the girl is!= What a beautiful girl she is! 1.　　　 clever girl Kitty is! She can come up with some creative ways to finish the project.  A.What　　　　 B.How a C.How　　　　 D.What a 2.　　　 great scientist Yuan Longping is! He spent all his life on the research of rice.  A.What　　　　 B.What a C.How　　　　 D.How a 3.　　　nice it is to drink a cup of coffee after long hours’ work!  A.What　　　　 B.What a　　　　 C.How　　　　 D.How a 4.—　　　 great surprise to see you here， Daniel!  —Yeah. We haven’t seen each other for quite a long time. A.What a　　　　 B.What　　　　 C.How a　　　　 D.How 6.—　　　 do you admire Yuan Longping for?  —He devoted all his life to the research and development of better rice plants. A.Why　　　　 B.What　　　　 C.How　　　　 D.Where 7.It is really a pleasant time to have a picnic on a warm sunny day.(改为感叹句) 　　　　　　pleasant time it is to have a picnic on a warm sunny day!  8.Dad usually makes bad plans but this time he got it right, finally. 　　　　　　 a surprise!  9.I was red in the face. 　　　　　　 I wished I could disappear!  10. 　　　　　　 thankful I was to my friend John!  一．情景对话 请通读下面的对话,根据对话内容,从方框内的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有一项为多余选项。 A (John and his friend Kate are talking on the phone. J=John, K=Kate) J:Hello? K:Hi, John!　1　 You weren't at the party last Sunday.  J:I'm on vacation right now. K:Great!　2　  J:I'm afraid not. It's an unusual beach. In my opinion, the fewer people, the better. K:　3　  J:That's true. The sun is shining brightly and the sea is so beautiful. K:　4　  J:Nothing much. I just read and rest every day. In fact, I was asleep before your call. K:Oh, I'm sorry. 　5　  J:Thanks. See you next week. A.Where are you? B.That sounds nice. C.Is it a place I know? D.Have a great vacation. E.Many people are at the party? F.Did you do anything special there? B Man:Good morning, welcome to the Art School. Woman:Thanks. I'd like to join one of your evening art courses. Man:OK. 　1　  Woman:Chinese painting course. I like Chinese painting. 　2　  Man:Yes, it is. Very beautiful. Now let's fill in this form. 　3　  Woman:Lucy Green. Man:Which country are you from? Woman:Well, 　4　 But actually I'm American.   Man:I see. Next question. Can you tell me where you live? Woman:　5　  Man:Thanks. Now, I'll give you some information. A.It's so beautiful. B.Which course? C.I work here in England. D.What's your name, please? E.Yes, it's 58 Charnwood Road. F.How do you know about Chinese painting? 二.短文填空 One day, I wanted my father to get some fruit for me. So I said to my father, “Dad, 1.　　　　　 here!” When my dad heard me, he came over right away. However, my mom said to me, “2.　　　　　 say it that way. Say it more politely.”   “I didn't want to,” I replied. “If you don't say it politely, then 3.　　　　　 watching TV from now on!” my mom said angrily.   4.　　　　　 sad I was when I heard this! Then my mom said, “5.　　　　　 you want others to be polite to you? If so, you should be polite to others too.”   Indeed, we should be polite, or it might make others feel uncomfortable. 三.方框选词填空 ask　　be　　don’t　　help　　how long make　　need　　wait Pre⁃exam stress is one of the biggest problems in students’ lives. It makes you feel bad and stops you from thinking clearly. So here 　1　 some tips to help you lower the stress of exams.   Be organized and start early The best way to deal with exam stress is to have a good study plan. Decide how much time to spend on each subject. And don’t 　2　 until the last minute to study everything.   Don’t be afraid to ask When we don’t understand something， we feel stressed. It’s normal. But don’t worry about it， do something about it! 　3　 your teacher for help. All teachers want their students to do well in exams.  Healthy body， healthy brain Your body 　4　 exercise for your brain to work better. So don’t study all the time. It can just 　5　 you more stressed. Do some sport， go to the gym or just go for a walk. Just get up and move!  Eat and sleep well It’s important for your brain to rest. 　6　 do you need to sleep every night? At least eight hours. Eat a healthy diet and avoid drinks with caffeine that can stop you from sleeping well.  　7　 keep your stress to yourself  Finally， if you have followed all this advice and you still feel stressed， then don’t keep it a secret. Talk to someone， your mum or your dad， a friend or a teacher and tell them how you feel. We all need 　8　 sometimes.  1.　　　　　　　2.　　　　　　　3.　　　　　　　 4.　　　　　　　5.　　　　　　　6.　　　　　　　 7.　　　　　　　8.　　　　　　  一 Man first landed(着陆）on the moon in 1969.But did you know that man was not the first to travel around the moon? On September 14,1968,the Soviet Space Program sent two tortoises(乌龟)into space for a trip around the moon. After a week-long trip, the tortoises landed in the Indian Ocean. They traveled back to Moscow(莫斯科）on October 7. Both the tortoises still lived after the trip. They lost about 10% of their body weight(体重），but they were still healthy. They were dissected(解剖) on October 11,1968. Scientists wanted to see how their bodies changed after the space travel. They found that" Eating no food made the tortoises thinner. but not the space travel”. It showed that the animals could live after traveling around the moon. But this did not mean that man could do the same. The two tortoises were the first to travel around the moon successfully. Before 1968 other animals were also sent to travel in space. but many of them couldn't live to travel back to the earth. 1.How long did the two tortoises travel in space? 2.Why were the two tortoises dissected? 3.What made the two tortoises lose their body weight? 4.When did the two tortoises come back ? 5.What is the best title for this passage? 二 A colorful balcony(阳台) with fresh vegetables and fruits has turned into a common sight this year. Shanghai, Beijing, and Dongguan are among the top five cities for vegetable growers, who are mainly in their 20s and 30s. Coriander, chives, chili peppers and tomatoes are the most popular choices. In the first three months this year, sales of vegetable seeds online doubled. Lu Zhipeng, who heads Tmall’s flower department, said balcony gardening is now worth(值) tens of billions of yuan. In fact, growing vegetables in balcony gardens is more than just an achievement. It is becoming a lifestyle. Zhang Min, a twenty-year-old girl, only spent a little money on seed packages, soil and flowerpots to build a “farm” on her 6-square-meter balcony. “I feel like young people growing vegetables on balconies is as popular as square dancing is for our parents.” Zhang said. She has harvested small tomatoes three times from her balcony garden in Beijing. Red peppers and corianders are regulars in her garden, and she adds them to her dishes when cooking. For teenagers, balcony gardening is a way to enjoy nature. Especially when they live far away from real fields. And by taking care of vegetables, they learn to respect lives. 1. What do people do on their balcony according to paragraph 1? A. They grow vegetables and fruits. B. They sell vegetable seeds. C. They do some reading. D. They plant flowers. 2. What does Zhang Min think of balcony gardening? A. Popular. B. Expensive. C. Meaningless. D. Educational. 3. What does Zhang Min like to grow on her balcony? A. Coriander, chives and tomatoes. B. Chilli pepper, tomatoes and chives. C. Chilli pepper, chives and coriander. D. Tomatoes, red pepper and coriander. 4. What does the underlined word “harvested” mean? A. Sold. B. Bought. C. Collected. D. Watered. 5. What is the best title for this passage? A. Popular vegetable seeds. B. Balcony gardening for children. C. Top five cities for vegetable growers. D. A new lifestyle—balcony gardening. 三 ①In December 2021, people in Shenzhen found that water ran more slowly from their taps. The government (政府) said the city was facing its most serious water shortage ever. ②Some other cities in the southern part of China, like Chengdu and Guangzhou, are also becoming “thirsty”, the Paper reported. Compared (相比) with northern areas, southern areas have more rain and are close to more rivers and lakes. So why are they still short on water? ③In big cities like Shenzhen and Guangzhou, populations are growing fast. As a result, people and factories need more and more water. Each person in Shenzhen has about only 200 cubic meters of water each year. It’s 1/12 of the country’s average (平均水平). According to the United Nations, it is an“absolute (绝对的) water shortage" when the number is below 500 cubic meters. ④Climate change is making the water problem worse. For example, most cities in Guangdong depend on (依赖于) the Dongjiang River as their main source (来源) of water. In 2021, the river was reported to be drying up. Because of climate change, there’s also less snow in the mountains of Tibet. The snow has long been the source of water for many areas in China. Those mountains might provide less water in the future. ⑤There are other reasons for water shortages. For example, water pollution makes it harder to get clean drinking water. Factories and farms don’t use water efficiently (有效地). Some cities have enough rainfall, but don’t have big lakes or reservoirs to store water. The water just goes into the sea. 1. What does the underlined word “shortage” mean in the FIRST paragraph? A. having too much B. not having enough C. being too small D. being too dirty 2. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the cause of water shortage? A. Growing populations B. Cutting down forests C. Climate change D. Water pollution 3 Which of the following pictures best shows the structure (结构)of the passage? A. B. C. D. 4. Which of the following statement is TRUE according to the passage? A. Dongjiang river was drying up because of growing populations in Guangdong province. B. The average water resources for each person every year in China is around 2400 cubic meters. C. Big southern cities are short of water because it rains less there and they are far away from rivers. D. Water in big lakes and reservoirs usually goes into the sea without being stored and used. 5. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To talk about terrible results of water shortage. B. To call on people to protect water resources. C. To blame (责怪) people for causing water shortage in China. D. To present some causes of water shortage in China. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 衔接点10 特殊句式（小初考点差异及衔接） 小学要求 主要学习疑问句、感叹句、There be 句型 初中要求 1、 陈述句的构成形式及基本用法； 2、 疑问句的构成形式及基本用法； 3、 祈使句的构成形式及基本用法； 5、由what, how引导的感叹句的构成形式、用法及区别。 【小学特殊句式考点聚焦】 感叹句 1.选词填空 What How What a What an (1) nice the skirt is! (2) hot it is today ! (3) big horses they are! (4) interesting book it is! (5) clever boy he is! (6) clever the boy is! (7) hard Jack works! (8) fast Peter runs ! (9) fine day it is! (10) nice pictures they are! 1.(1)How(2)How (3)What(4)What an(5)What a (6)How(7)How (8)How (9)What a(10)What 疑问句 在下面的横线上填上恰当的疑问词。 how long where how many when how tall which why whose how much who how far what how old how how heavy (1)- is the weather like today?-It's sunny. (2)- pen is it?-It's Mary's. (3)- does Lucy come to school?-She comes to school by car. (4)- is your jacket?-It's 100 yuan. (5)- is Lucy from?-She's from Australia. (6)- are you?-I'm eleven years old. (7)- are you?-I'm 155 cm. (8)- are you?-I'm 60 kg. (9)- boys are there in your class?-There are twelve. (10) boy is your brother?-The one in a red cap. (11)- is your maths teacher?-Mr Chen is my maths teacher. (12)- is it?-It's about 50kilometres. (13) did you stay in America?-For two weeks. (14) does your father go to work?-At 8:30 a.m. (15)- do you like winter?-Because I can skate. (1)What (2)Whose (3)How (4)How much (5)Where (6)How old (7)How tall (8)How heavy (9)How many (10)Which (11)Who (12)How far (13)How long(14)When (15)Why There be 句型 1.选择正确的词填空。(16分) (1)There (is/are)seven days in a week. (2)There (is/are)some milk in the fridge. (3)There (is/isn't)any money in his pocket. (4)There (is/was)a bridge three years ago. (5) (Is/Are)there any apples on the table? (6)There (is/are)a Chinese book and three maths books in my bag. (7)There (are/aren't)any sheep at this farm. (8)There (is/are)some bread for you. (1)are(2)is(3)isn't(4)was(5)Are(6)is(7)aren't(8)is 【初中特殊句式考点聚焦】 考点清单 简单句的特点：简单句通常只由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成。一般分为陈述句、疑问句、感叹句和祈使句四种。 一、陈述句： 用来说明一个事实的句子叫陈述句。它有肯定式和否定式两种形式。 陈述句的肯定式： He is a middle school student.（他是个中学生） I have a hammer in my hand.（我手上有把锤子） She teaches us geography.（她教我们地理） The new play was good enough and everybody enjoyed it.（新的话剧非常好大家都喜欢） 陈述句的否定式： 1.谓语动词如果是be 、助动词、情态动词时,在它们的后面加“not”。 如：My brother is not a teacher.（我的弟弟不是教师） He does not have a cousin.（他没有堂兄弟） I will not go there tomorrow.（明天我不去那儿） You must not make such mistakes again.（你不该再犯类似错误了） 2.谓语动词如果没有上述词语而是其他动词时,须在它的前面加do not(don’t). 如：I don’t know anything about it.(此事我一无所知) Li Ming does not feed pigs in the countryside.（李明不在农村养猪） We didn’t expect to meet her right here.（我们没指望着在这里见到她） We didn’t have a meeting yesterday afternoon.(昨天下午我们没有开会) [注意] 1.句子中如果有all、both、very much/well等词时,用not一般构成部分否定,如果要完全否定,则通常使用none、neither、not…at all等； 如：All of them went there.→None of them went there.（他们全都去了那里→他们全都没去那里） 2.句子中含有little、few、too(太)、hardly、never、neither、nor、seldom等词时, 则视为否定句。 如：Few people live there because life there is very hard.（几乎没有人生活在那里因为那里的生活太艰难了） 二、疑问句 一般疑问句： 用“yes”或“no”来回答的疑问句叫做一般疑问句。 1. 一般疑问句构成：句中谓语动词是 be、助动词、情态动词时,则将它们(提前)放到主语前面。 如：Is he an engineer?（他是工程师吗？） Have you got today’s newspaper? （你有今天的报纸吗？） Shall we go to see a film this evening? （我们今晚去看电影好吗？） Can you explain it ?（你能解释它吗？） Is there any fish for supper?（晚饭有鱼吗？） Would you like to go out for a walk?（你想出去散步吗？） 谓语动词如果没有上述词语而是其他动词时,则在主语前面加助动词do / does / did, 原来的谓语动词改为原形。 如：Do you get up at six every morning?（你天天早晨六点起身吗？） Does she study hard?（她学习努力吗？） Did you go there yesterday?（昨天你去那儿了吗？） 2.一般疑问句的回答： 一般疑问句通常用简略形式来回答。如： Will you join us in playing basketball?（你加入我们打篮球好吗？） —Yes, we will.（是的我们会。）/ —No, we won’t.（不我们不会。） 3.一般疑问句的否定结构(即否定形式的一般疑问句)表示惊奇、责怪、建议、看法等,只要将“not”置于主语之后或者将“not”放到主语之前与be, have等助动词或情态动词合并在一起就可以了。 如：Will he not come?（他难道不来吗？） Isn’t your sister a Party member?（你的姐姐不是党员吗？） 这种否定结构的疑问句的回答与汉语的习惯不同。如果回答是肯定的,就用“yes+肯定结构”；如果回答是否定的,就用“no+否定结构”。(情况与反意问句类似。) 如：Can’t he answer the question? (他不能回答这个问题吗？) —Yes,he can.(不,他能回答这个问题。) —No,he can’t. (是的,他不能回答这个问题。) 特殊疑问句 1.特殊疑问句结构是： 疑问代词 +一般疑问句+？ 除who以外的疑问代词短语 疑问副词 如：What do you want?（你要什么？） Who(m) are you looking for ?（你在找谁？） Which class are you in?（你在哪班？） When did you get up this morning?（你今早什么时候起身的？） Where have you been?（你到哪儿去了？） Why did he go to bed so early?（他为什么这么早睡觉？） How did you go there?（你是怎么去的那儿？） 但是,“who”引出的询问主语或主语部分相关词的特殊疑问句的结构与陈述句词序相同： 如：Who is dancing over there?（谁在那边跳舞？） 有时“what”,“which”,“whose”也可以引出与陈述句词序相同的特殊疑问句。 如：What is on the wall?（什么东西在墙上？/墙上有什么？） Which is yours?（哪个是你的？） Whose book is in your bag?（谁的书在你的书包里？） [注意]从陈述句改为特殊问句时,先将句子改为一般问句,再将(划线)提问部分更改为疑问词置于句首,特别 要注意助动词的使用！如果只对主语或主语的修饰词提问,那么只需要将疑问部分改为疑问词即可。 2)常用疑问代词和疑问副词 疑问代词 疑问副词 what,who(whom,whose),which when,where,why,how(often,far,long,soon,old,many,much) 疑问词 提问对象 What（什么） 对主语，谓语、表语、宾语提问 What makes you so worried? What are you doing? What is this? What can you see? The exam makes me so worried. I am watching TV. This is a ruler. I can see a dog. Who（谁） 对主语提问 Who is our monitor? Tom is our monitor. Which（哪个） 对定语提问 Which skirt do you prefer? I prefer the red one. When（什么时候） 对时间提问 When do you get up every day? I get up at 6 o’clock. Where（哪里） 对地点提问 Where are they? They are at home. Why（为什么） 对原因提问 Why didn’t you finish your job in time? Why do you study so hard? Because I was very tired. To pass the exam. How（怎样） 对表示方式、程度的词提问 How do you go to school？ How is your school day? I go to school by car./by +doing. It’s good. How old（多大） 对年龄提问 How old is your son? He is two years old. How many （多少） 对数量提问，后接可数名词复数 How many teachers are there in your school? There are three teachers in my school. How much （多少） 对数量提问后接不可数名词/对钱提问 How much water in the bottle? How much are the socks? There is a little water in the bottle. The socks are sever dollars. How long （多长时间） 对时间段提问 How long does it take to go to school? It takes me 2 hours to go to school. How often （多久） 对频率提问 How often do you do exercise? I do exercise once a week. How far(多远) 对距离提问 How far is it from your home to school? It is 3 km from my home to school. How soon (多久后) 对将来时间提问 How soon will you finish your work? I will finish my work in an hour. 选择疑问句：提出两种或两种以上情况,需要对方作出选择回答的疑问句叫选择疑问句。 1) 构成：(1) 一般疑问句 + or + 第二选项？ (2) 特殊疑问句 + 第一选项(+ 第二选项)+ or+ 第三选项？ 2)选择疑问句的结构与特殊疑问句相同,即要具体回答,不可以用yes / no回答。 如：Is your friend a boy or a girl? –A girl. (----你的朋友是男孩还是女孩？----是女孩。) Which do you prefer, coffee or tea? –Tea, please. (---你要哪一样咖啡还是茶？----请来茶吧。) Which do you like best, singing, dancing or skating? --Dancing, of course. (----唱歌、跳舞和溜冰你最喜欢哪样？----当然是跳舞啦！) 1.　　　 is your hometown? I can’t find it anywhere on the map.  A.What　　　　 B.Which C.When　　　　 D.Where 答案　D　考查特殊疑问词。由“I can’t find it anywhere on the map.”可知，此处应是问你的家乡在哪里，应用where提问。故选D。 2.—　　　 have you been a member of the Youth League?  —For three years. A.How long　　　　 B.How many C.How often　　　　 D.How far 答案　A　考查特殊疑问词组。答语“For three years.”为时间段，对时间段提问应用how long。故选A。 3.—　　　 do you play volleyball， Amy?  —Three days a week. A.How long　　　　 B.How soon C.How often　　　　 D.How much 答案　C　考查特殊疑问词组。how long对时间或长度提问;how soon多久以后;how often多久一次;how much多少。根据回答可知此句询问频率。故选C。 4.—　　　 did the online concert begin?  —You didn’t miss anything. It has just begun. A.When　　　　 B.Where　　　　 C.What　　　　 D.Why 答案　A　考查特殊疑问词。由答语“It has just begun.”可知，此处是问网上音乐会什么时候开始的，故选A。 5.—　　　 is China’s Tiangong space station from us?  —About 400 kilometers above the earth. A.How much　　　　 B.How often C.How far　　　　 D.How long 答案　C　考查特殊疑问词组。根据答语可知问句问的是“有多远”。how far多远，故选C。 6.—I love this T⁃shirt. 　　　　does it cost?  —50 yuan. Why not try it on? A.How long　　　　 B.How often C.How old　　　　 D.How much 答案　D　考查特殊疑问词组。根据问句中的“cost”和答语中的“50 yuan.”可知，设空处询问价格，故选D。 7. —　　　will you leave for camping?  —This weekend. Everything is ready for the picnic. A.When　　　　 B.Where　　　　 C.How　　　　 D.Why 答案　A　考查特殊疑问词。根据答句中的“This weekend.”可知，此处是询问时间，应用when。故选A。 8.—　　　 can you skip rope， Linda?  —Over 200 times in a minute. A.How soon　　　　 B.How far　　　　 C.How fast　　　　 D.How long 答案　C　考查特殊疑问词组。how soon多久以后，提问将来的时间;how far多远，提问距离;how fast多快，提问速度;how long多长，多久，提问时间或长度。根据答语“Over 200 times in a minute.”可知，问的是跳绳能跳多快。故选C。 三、祈使句 祈使句用来表示请求、命令等。它的主语you往往省略。 祈使句的肯定式： 动词(原形) + 其他 如：Please give me a hand. (请帮忙) / Shut up! (住嘴！) 祈使句的否定式： Don’t +动词原形 + 其他 如：Please don’t talk in low voices. (请不要低声讲话。) Don’t look back! (不要掉头看。) [注意] 以“let’s”引出的祈使句的否定结构,“not”应放在“let’s”后面。 如：Let’s not trouble him. (我们不要打扰他。) 肯定祈使句前可以用助动词来强调语气。如：Please do help me! (请千万帮帮我。) 1. 　　　fast to your dreams， for if dreams die， life is like a broken⁃winged bird that can never fly.  A.Hold　　　　 B.To hold　　　　 C.Held　　　　 D.Holding 答案　A　考查祈使句。此处用祈使句表达建议，祈使句以动词原形开头。故选A。 2.—Cindy， 　　　out the rubbish when you leave. And I’ll do the dishes.  —OK， Dad. A.take　　　　 B.takes　　　　 C.took　　　　 D.to take 答案　A　考查祈使句。此处为祈使句，应以动词原形开头。故选A。 3.—Your room is in a terrible mess， Tom. 　　　your books here and there next time.  —OK， 　　　. I’ll put them away in five minutes， Mum.  A.Don’t leave;I won’t　　　　 B.Won’t leave;I will C.Don’t leave;I will　　　　 D.Won’t leave;I won’t 答案　A　考查祈使句及其应答语。第一空后虽然有表示将来时间的next time，但这是妈妈向汤姆发出的命令、要求，是祈使句，所以用Don’t+动词原形。排除B、D。肯定祈使句的应答语为I will;否定祈使句的应答语为I won’t。故选A。 4.Mr Lee， 　　　　　(not mix) your life and work together.  答案　don’t mix　句意:李先生，不要把你的生活和工作混在一起。此句是否定的祈使句，其构成是“don’t+动词原形+其他成分”，故填don’t mix。 5.　　　　　(make) sure there are no mistakes in your paper and you can hand it in.  答案　Make　考查祈使句。祈使句以动词原形开头，make sure“确保”。故填Make。 四、感叹句 感叹句用来表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情。句末常用“！” 对含有形容词的名词短语感叹的结构通常是： What + (a /an) + (形容词) +名词+ 陈述句结构(主谓语) ,用来强调句子中的名词, 如：What a good, kind girl (she is)! (她是多么善良的好女孩！) / What bad weather (it is)! (天气真糟糕！) 仅对形容词或副词进行感叹的结构通常是：How + 形容词/副词 + 陈述句结构(主谓语) ,用来强调句子中的形容词、副词或动词。 如：How carefully the old man walks! (这老人走路真小心！) How delicious the food is! (这食品真好吃！) ` How beautiful! (真美呀！) How beautiful the girl is!= What a beautiful girl she is! 1.　　　 clever girl Kitty is! She can come up with some creative ways to finish the project.  A.What　　　　 B.How a C.How　　　　 D.What a 答案　D　考查感叹句。本句感叹的中心词是girl，应该用what引导感叹句， girl为可数名词单数，clever以辅音音素开头，应该使用不定冠词a，故选D。 2.　　　 great scientist Yuan Longping is! He spent all his life on the research of rice.  A.What　　　　 B.What a C.How　　　　 D.How a 答案　B　考查感叹句。本句感叹的中心词是scientist，scientist是可数名词，此处应用What a来修饰名词短语great scientist。故选B。 3.　　　nice it is to drink a cup of coffee after long hours’ work!  A.What　　　　 B.What a　　　　 C.How　　　　 D.How a 答案　C　 考查感叹句。本句是感叹句，其中心词为形容词nice，用How引导，故选C。 4.—　　　 great surprise to see you here， Daniel!  —Yeah. We haven’t seen each other for quite a long time. A.What a　　　　 B.What　　　　 C.How a　　　　 D.How 答案　A　考查感叹句。本句为感叹句，其中心词surprise为可数名词单数形式，且great以辅音音素开头，所以用“What+a+形容词+可数名词单数形式+主语+谓语!”，故选A。 6.—　　　 do you admire Yuan Longping for?  —He devoted all his life to the research and development of better rice plants. A.Why　　　　 B.What　　　　 C.How　　　　 D.Where 答案　B　考查特殊疑问词。“What...for?”是固定结构，表示“为什么……?”。故选B。 7.It is really a pleasant time to have a picnic on a warm sunny day.(改为感叹句) 　　　　　　pleasant time it is to have a picnic on a warm sunny day!  答案　What a　考查感叹句。time是名词，被形容词修饰时，要加不定冠词a/an，指“一段……的时光”。本句感叹的中心词为time，前面的形容词pleasant以辅音音素开头，所以用What加不定冠词a来填空。设空位于句首，需大写首字母。故填What a。 8.Dad usually makes bad plans but this time he got it right, finally. 　　　　　　 a surprise!  答案　What　此处为感叹句,空后的surprise在这里为名词,表示“意想不到的事情”,应用what开头的感叹句,故填What。 9.I was red in the face. 　　　　　　 I wished I could disappear!  答案　How　句意:我脸红了。我多么希望我能消失!此处为How开头的感叹句。故填How。 10. 　　　　　　 thankful I was to my friend John!  答案　How　句意:我多么感谢我的朋友John啊!根据空后的thankful I was和句尾的叹号可知,该句是“How+形容词+主语+谓语!”的感叹句句式,故填How。 一．情景对话 请通读下面的对话,根据对话内容,从方框内的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有一项为多余选项。 A (John and his friend Kate are talking on the phone. J=John, K=Kate) J:Hello? K:Hi, John!　1　 You weren't at the party last Sunday.  J:I'm on vacation right now. K:Great!　2　  J:I'm afraid not. It's an unusual beach. In my opinion, the fewer people, the better. K:　3　  J:That's true. The sun is shining brightly and the sea is so beautiful. K:　4　  J:Nothing much. I just read and rest every day. In fact, I was asleep before your call. K:Oh, I'm sorry. 　5　  J:Thanks. See you next week. A.Where are you? B.That sounds nice. C.Is it a place I know? D.Have a great vacation. E.Many people are at the party? F.Did you do anything special there? 答案　 1.A　由下句“You weren't at the party last Sunday.”及回答“I'm on vacation right now.”可知本空询问John去哪儿了。故选A。 2.C　由下文“恐怕不,这是个不寻常的海滩。”可知,此处是Kate在问那个地方她知不知道。故选C。 3.B　由上句“In my opinion, the fewer people,the better.”可知,下句应是对此观点的评价。故选B。 4.F　由下文“Nothing much. I just read and rest every day.”可知,本空询问John在那儿做了什么特别的事。故选F。 5.D　由下文“Thanks. See you next week.”可知,对话要结束了,此处内容应该是祝John度假愉快。故选D。 B Man:Good morning, welcome to the Art School. Woman:Thanks. I'd like to join one of your evening art courses. Man:OK. 　1　  Woman:Chinese painting course. I like Chinese painting. 　2　  Man:Yes, it is. Very beautiful. Now let's fill in this form. 　3　  Woman:Lucy Green. Man:Which country are you from? Woman:Well, 　4　 But actually I'm American.   Man:I see. Next question. Can you tell me where you live? Woman:　5　  Man:Thanks. Now, I'll give you some information. A.It's so beautiful. B.Which course? C.I work here in England. D.What's your name, please? E.Yes, it's 58 Charnwood Road. F.How do you know about Chinese painting? 答案　 1.B　由下文的“Chinese painting course.”可知,此处是问哪个课程,故选B。 2.A　由下文的“Yes, it is. Very beautiful.”可知,此处应是称赞中国绘画漂亮,故选A。 3.D　由下文的“Lucy Green.”可知,此处是问女士的名字。故选D。 4.C　由上文的“你来自哪个国家?”及下文的“但实际上我是美国人。”可知,设空处应提到一个国家,而且这个国家不是美国。C选项“我在英国工作。”符合语境。故选C。 5.E　由上文的“where you live”可知,设空处应该涉及一个住址。故选E。 二.短文填空 One day, I wanted my father to get some fruit for me. So I said to my father, “Dad, 1.　　　　　 here!” When my dad heard me, he came over right away. However, my mom said to me, “2.　　　　　 say it that way. Say it more politely.”   “I didn't want to,” I replied. “If you don't say it politely, then 3.　　　　　 watching TV from now on!” my mom said angrily.   4.　　　　　 sad I was when I heard this! Then my mom said, “5.　　　　　 you want others to be polite to you? If so, you should be polite to others too.”   Indeed, we should be polite, or it might make others feel uncomfortable. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文,讲述的是家庭成员之间的故事。故事告诉我们,即使是家庭成员之间也要有礼貌,否则会让别人不舒服。 1.come　考查祈使句。肯定的祈使句以动词原形开头。根据下一句“When my dad heard me, he came over right away.”可知,“我”是让父亲过来,故填come。 2.Don't　考查祈使句。根据后一句“Say it more politely.”可知,妈妈觉得“我”说话不礼貌,所以让“我”不要那样说。所以此句为否定的祈使句,置于句首首字母需大写,故填Don't。 3.stop　考查祈使句。根据上下文可知,如果“我”说话不礼貌,妈妈会禁止“我”看电视。故填stop。 4.How　考查感叹句。根据感叹句的基本结构“How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语+其他!”可知,本空应填How。置于句首首字母需大写。 5.Do　考查一般疑问句。根据本句句尾“?”和下句开头的If so可知,本句为一般疑问句,助动词应提前。根据语境可知,本句为一般现在时,且谓语部分有实义动词want,故助动词为do,置于句首首字母需大写。故填Do。 三.方框选词填空 ask　　be　　don’t　　help　　how long make　　need　　wait Pre⁃exam stress is one of the biggest problems in students’ lives. It makes you feel bad and stops you from thinking clearly. So here 　1　 some tips to help you lower the stress of exams.   Be organized and start early The best way to deal with exam stress is to have a good study plan. Decide how much time to spend on each subject. And don’t 　2　 until the last minute to study everything.   Don’t be afraid to ask When we don’t understand something， we feel stressed. It’s normal. But don’t worry about it， do something about it! 　3　 your teacher for help. All teachers want their students to do well in exams.  Healthy body， healthy brain Your body 　4　 exercise for your brain to work better. So don’t study all the time. It can just 　5　 you more stressed. Do some sport， go to the gym or just go for a walk. Just get up and move!  Eat and sleep well It’s important for your brain to rest. 　6　 do you need to sleep every night? At least eight hours. Eat a healthy diet and avoid drinks with caffeine that can stop you from sleeping well.  　7　 keep your stress to yourself  Finally， if you have followed all this advice and you still feel stressed， then don’t keep it a secret. Talk to someone， your mum or your dad， a friend or a teacher and tell them how you feel. We all need 　8　 sometimes.  1.　　　　　　　2.　　　　　　　3.　　　　　　　 4.　　　　　　　5.　　　　　　　6.　　　　　　　 7.　　　　　　　8.　　　　　　  1.are　本句为存现句的另外一种形式here is/are...，表示“这里有……”，be动词应与空后的名词tips保持数的一致。故填are。 2.wait　此处为否定的祈使句，结构为“don’t+动词原形+其他”，根据上文可推测，此处句意为“不要等到最后一分钟才学习所有内容”。故填wait。 3.Ask　此处为祈使句。ask sb. for help向某人求助。故填Ask。注意句首单词首字母大写。 4.needs　空处是谓语动词。根据下文可知要多运动，因此此处指你的身体需要运动”，主语为Your body，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，故填needs。 5.make　此处指一直学习只会使你压力更大，结合方框中所给词可知选make，空前有情态动词can，故填make。 6.How long　根据下一句“At least eight hours.”可知问句问的是多长时间，故填How long。注意句首单词首字母大写。 7.Don’t　根据下面的语境可知此处为否定的祈使句，故填Don’t。注意句首单词首字母大写。 8.help　此处need是及物动词，空处作宾语，故填名词。结合语境及方框中所给词可知选help，此处意为“有时候我们都需要帮助”。故填help。 一 Man first landed(着陆）on the moon in 1969.But did you know that man was not the first to travel around the moon? On September 14,1968,the Soviet Space Program sent two tortoises(乌龟)into space for a trip around the moon. After a week-long trip, the tortoises landed in the Indian Ocean. They traveled back to Moscow(莫斯科）on October 7. Both the tortoises still lived after the trip. They lost about 10% of their body weight(体重），but they were still healthy. They were dissected(解剖) on October 11,1968. Scientists wanted to see how their bodies changed after the space travel. They found that" Eating no food made the tortoises thinner. but not the space travel”. It showed that the animals could live after traveling around the moon. But this did not mean that man could do the same. The two tortoises were the first to travel around the moon successfully. Before 1968 other animals were also sent to travel in space. but many of them couldn't live to travel back to the earth. 1.How long did the two tortoises travel in space? 2.Why were the two tortoises dissected? 3.What made the two tortoises lose their body weight? 4.When did the two tortoises come back ? 5.What is the best title for this passage? 译文 人类于1969年首次登上月球，但是你知道吗?人类并不是第一个进行探月旅行的。 1968年9月14日，苏联太空计划将两只乌龟送入太空进行探月旅行。经过为期一周的太空旅行，这两只乌龟降落在印度洋上。它们在10月7日回到了莫斯科。 这两只乌龟在旅行后仍然活着。它们的体重减轻了大约 10%，但它们仍然健康。它们在1968年10月11日被解剖了。科学家们想观察太空旅行后它们身体的变化。他们发现，“让乌龟变瘦的原因是没有进食而不是太空旅行”。 这表明动物可以在探月旅行之后存活下去。但这并不意味着人类也能做到这一点。这两只乌龟是首批成功探月旅行的。在1968年之前，其他动物也被送往太空旅行，但它们中的许多无法活到返回地球。 答案详析 1. Seven days./a week。根据第二段中的“After a week-long trip, the tortoises landed in the Indian Ocean.”可知，经过为期一周的太空旅行，两只乌龟降落在印度洋上，即它们在太空中旅行了七天。 2. Because the scientists wanted to watch how their bodies changed.根据第三段中的“They were dissected...see how their bodies changed after the space travel.”可知，两只乌龟被解剖是因为科学家们想观察太空旅行后它们身体的变化。 3. No food。根据第三段中的“Eating no food made the tortoises thinner”可知，两只乌龟是因缺乏食物而体重下降的。 4. on October 7,1968.根据第二段中的“They traveled back to Moscow(莫斯科）on October 7..”可知他们10月7号返回了莫斯科。 5. Animals traveled in space。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了两只乌龟被送入太空，进行太空旅行的事情。故C项“动物在太空中旅行”最适合作本文标题。 二 A colorful balcony(阳台) with fresh vegetables and fruits has turned into a common sight this year. Shanghai, Beijing, and Dongguan are among the top five cities for vegetable growers, who are mainly in their 20s and 30s. Coriander, chives, chili peppers and tomatoes are the most popular choices. In the first three months this year, sales of vegetable seeds online doubled. Lu Zhipeng, who heads Tmall’s flower department, said balcony gardening is now worth(值) tens of billions of yuan. In fact, growing vegetables in balcony gardens is more than just an achievement. It is becoming a lifestyle. Zhang Min, a twenty-year-old girl, only spent a little money on seed packages, soil and flowerpots to build a “farm” on her 6-square-meter balcony. “I feel like young people growing vegetables on balconies is as popular as square dancing is for our parents.” Zhang said. She has harvested small tomatoes three times from her balcony garden in Beijing. Red peppers and corianders are regulars in her garden, and she adds them to her dishes when cooking. For teenagers, balcony gardening is a way to enjoy nature. Especially when they live far away from real fields. And by taking care of vegetables, they learn to respect lives. 1. What do people do on their balcony according to paragraph 1? A. They grow vegetables and fruits. B. They sell vegetable seeds. C. They do some reading. D. They plant flowers. 2. What does Zhang Min think of balcony gardening? A. Popular. B. Expensive. C. Meaningless. D. Educational. 3. What does Zhang Min like to grow on her balcony? A. Coriander, chives and tomatoes. B. Chilli pepper, tomatoes and chives. C. Chilli pepper, chives and coriander. D. Tomatoes, red pepper and coriander. 4. What does the underlined word “harvested” mean? A. Sold. B. Bought. C. Collected. D. Watered. 5. What is the best title for this passage? A. Popular vegetable seeds. B. Balcony gardening for children. C. Top five cities for vegetable growers. D. A new lifestyle—balcony gardening. 【答案】1. A 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. D 【解析】本文主要介绍了一种新的生活方式——阳台园艺。 1.细节理解题。根据“A colorful balcony(阳台) with fresh vegetables and fruits has turned into a common sight this year.”可知，他们种植蔬菜和水果。故选A。 2.细节理解题。根据“I feel like young people growing vegetables on balconies is as popular as square dancing is for our parents.”可知，她认为阳台园艺很受欢迎。故选A。 3.细节理解题。根据“She has harvested small tomatoes three times from her balcony garden in Beijing. Red peppers and corianders are regulars in her garden”可知，她喜欢种西红柿、红辣椒和香菜。故选D。 4.词句猜测题。根据“She has harvested small tomatoes three times from her balcony garden in Beijing. Red peppers and corianders are regulars in her garden, and she adds them to her dishes when cooking.”可知，她在北京的阳台花园已经收获了三次小西红柿。红辣椒和香菜是她菜园里的常客，她做菜的时候会把它们加到菜里。此处harvested表示“收获”，与Collected意思相近，故选C。 5.最佳标题题。根据全文可知，本文主要介绍了一种新的生活方式——阳台园艺。故选D。 三 ①In December 2021, people in Shenzhen found that water ran more slowly from their taps. The government (政府) said the city was facing its most serious water shortage ever. ②Some other cities in the southern part of China, like Chengdu and Guangzhou, are also becoming “thirsty”, the Paper reported. Compared (相比) with northern areas, southern areas have more rain and are close to more rivers and lakes. So why are they still short on water? ③In big cities like Shenzhen and Guangzhou, populations are growing fast. As a result, people and factories need more and more water. Each person in Shenzhen has about only 200 cubic meters of water each year. It’s 1/12 of the country’s average (平均水平). According to the United Nations, it is an“absolute (绝对的) water shortage" when the number is below 500 cubic meters. ④Climate change is making the water problem worse. For example, most cities in Guangdong depend on (依赖于) the Dongjiang River as their main source (来源) of water. In 2021, the river was reported to be drying up. Because of climate change, there’s also less snow in the mountains of Tibet. The snow has long been the source of water for many areas in China. Those mountains might provide less water in the future. ⑤There are other reasons for water shortages. For example, water pollution makes it harder to get clean drinking water. Factories and farms don’t use water efficiently (有效地). Some cities have enough rainfall, but don’t have big lakes or reservoirs to store water. The water just goes into the sea. 1. What does the underlined word “shortage” mean in the FIRST paragraph? A. having too much B. not having enough C. being too small D. being too dirty 2. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the cause of water shortage? A. Growing populations B. Cutting down forests C. Climate change D. Water pollution 3 Which of the following pictures best shows the structure (结构)of the passage? A. B. C. D. 4. Which of the following statement is TRUE according to the passage? A. Dongjiang river was drying up because of growing populations in Guangdong province. B. The average water resources for each person every year in China is around 2400 cubic meters. C. Big southern cities are short of water because it rains less there and they are far away from rivers. D. Water in big lakes and reservoirs usually goes into the sea without being stored and used. 5. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To talk about terrible results of water shortage. B. To call on people to protect water resources. C. To blame (责怪) people for causing water shortage in China. D. To present some causes of water shortage in China. 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了包括深圳在内，全国各地乃至全世界都面临着水资源短缺的问题，以及水资源短缺的原因。 1.词义猜测题。根据“people in Shenzhen found that water ran more slowly from their taps.”和“Some other cities in the southern part of China, like Chengdu and Guangzhou, are also becoming ‘thirsty’”可知，深圳的人们发现水龙头出水的速度变慢了，成都和广州等中国南部城市也开始“口渴”，由此可推断是水资源短缺的原因，所以划线单词表示“短缺、不足”，故选B。 2.细节理解题。根据“In big cities like Shenzhen and Guangzhou, populations are growing fast.”、“Climate change is making the water problem worse. For example, most cities in Guangdong depend on (依赖于) the Dongjiang River as their main source (来源) of water.”和“For example, water pollution makes it harder to get clean drinking water. ”可知，不断增长的人口、气候变化和水污染都是造成水资源短缺的原因，不包括砍伐森林，故选B。 3.篇章结构图。第一段是引出“水资源短缺”该主题；第二段是例举出一些城市正面临这种问题；第三、四、五段是介绍造成水资源短缺的原因。A项符合文章结构。故选A。 4.推理判断题。根据“ Each person in Shenzhen has about only 200 cubic meters of water each year. It’s 1/12 of the country’s average (平均水平). ”可知，中国人均每年水资源约2400立方米。故选B。 5.写作意图题。本文介绍了包括深圳在内，全国各地乃至全世界都面临着水资源短缺的问题，以及水资源短缺的原因，所以本文的目的是介绍中国水资源短缺的一些原因。故选D。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$