06 必修一 Unit 6 At one with nature 2025年新高考英语一轮总复习筑基培优方案（外研版2019）

必修第一册 Unit 6 At one with nature 知识背诵清单通关练 （第一关）重点单词精选精背储备能量+核心词汇之转换词形词性 （第二关）重点短语再现背诵及研磨记忆巩固 （第三关）梳理核心词汇之转换词形词性及情境研磨记忆巩固 （第四关）基本句型模仿背诵及巩固情境研磨记忆巩固 （第五关）必备重点语法精讲精练 （第一关）重点单词精选精背储备能量 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. v. 包，裹 2． n. 地区，区域 3． adv. 因此，由此 4． adj. 浅的 5． adj. 活的，活着的 6． v. (乘船)航行 7． n. 气候 8． adv. 在(建筑物、房间)内 9． v. 出版 10． v. 租用，租借 11． adj. 有限的 12． n. 好处，益处 13． adj. 令人愉快的 14． n. 系统 15． adj. 陡的，陡峭的 16． n. 土壤 17． n. 庄稼，作物 18． n. 材料 19． n. 矿物，矿产 20． n. 障碍，壁垒 21． n. 结构，构造，组织 22． n. 盆地，低洼地 23． adj. 宏伟的，壮丽的 24． n. 谷，山谷 25． n. 高台，平台 26． n. 海峡 27． n. 隧道 28． n. 骆驼 29． n. 沙漠，荒漠 30． n. 树枝 31． n. 味，味道 核心词汇之转换词形词性 1. n. 完成；结束→ adj. 完全的，彻底的 v. 完成 → adv. 彻底地；完全地；完整地 2. v. 阻挡，防止→ n. 预防；防止；防范 → adj. 可以预防的；可以阻止的 3． n. 融洽相处，和谐→ adj. 和谐的，融洽的，协调的；悦耳的 4． v. 设计→ n. 设计师 5． v. 伤害，损害→ adj. 有害的，导致损害的 → adj. 无害的；无恶意的 6． n. 农业→ adj. 农业的，耕种的；农艺的，农学的 7． v. 以……替换，更换→ n. 替换，更换；替代品，替换物 8． n. 消费者→ v. 消耗，耗费(燃料、能量、时间等) → n. 消费；消耗，消耗量 9． n. 优先处理的事，当务之急→ adj. 优先的；占先的；较重要的 10． n. 美，美丽→ v. 美化；装饰 → adj. 美丽的，漂亮的 11． adj. 内行的，专家的 n. 专家→ adv. 熟练地，巧妙地 12． n. 力量，活力→ adj. 精力充沛的；充满活力的 （第二关）重点短语再现背诵及研磨记忆巩固 1． 目力所及 2． 不辞辛苦做某事 3． 阻止某事发生 4． 与……和谐；与……一致 5． 与……连接；与……相联系 6． 具有重要价值 7． 把……往下传 8． 由……制成 9． 报名参加比赛 10． 没有什么比……更好 11． 与……一致 12． 有疑问 13． 反省；回忆 14． 上市 15． 对……有积极的影响 16． 帮助某人 17． 把……呈现给某人；把……交给 第三关）梳理核心词汇之转换词形词性及情境研磨记忆巩固 ① prevent v. 阻挡，防止(教材P63) 　单句语法填空 ①The heavy rain prevented us ________ (hold) the sports meeting yesterday. ②(2020·天津高考)Loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression and even crimes, but it can ________ (prevent) in a clever way. ③(2019·浙江高考)Scientists have painted a long road, red, yellow and white to prevent the birds ________ being killed. ④(2020·江苏高考)And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see because of the commitment Wilson made to preventing the ________ (prevent). ⑤(2020·江苏高考)The State Council released Guidelines on Conducting COVID－19 ________ (prevent) and Control on an Ongoing Basis. 　单句表达 ⑥(中国日报)昆明的警察和消防员正在努力防止大象与居民接触。 Police and firefighters in Kunming are working to ________________________________ residents. 答案：⑥prevent the elephants from coming into contact with ② harmony n. 融洽相处，和谐(教材P63) 　单句语法填空 ①(2021·天津高考3月)Henry David Thoreau was happy to withdraw from social life, seeking a ________ (harmony) relationship with nature in the quietness of his life. ②Only when people live ________ harmony with each other can we have a stable society. ③When children grow up, their ideas may sometimes be out of harmony ________ their parents' thoughts. 　单句表达 ④(朗文当代)我确定相信不同民族有可能和谐共处。 I do believe it is possible for different ethnic groups to ________________________. ③ design v. 设计(教材P63) 　单句语法填空 ①________ (design) Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. ② The Silence Machine is a device specially designed ________ (stop) unwanted sound from affecting you. ③Tom left his schoolbag at home ________ design because he didn't finish his homework. 　单句表达 ④(牛津高阶)这些手套是为严寒地区制造的。 The gloves ________________ extremely cold climates. ④ harm v. 伤害，损害(教材P63) 　单句语法填空 ①(朗文当代)Modern farming methods have done considerable harm ________ the countryside. ②(剑桥高阶)This group of chemicals is known to be ________ (harm) to people with asthma. ③(剑桥高阶)You could always ask Jim if they need any more staff in his office—there's no harm in ________ (ask). 　一句多译 ④众所周知，吸烟有害健康。 As is known to all, smoking ________________ health. ＝As is known to all, smoking ________________ health. ⑤ replace v. 以……替换，更换(教材P65) 　单句语法填空 ①(牛津高阶)Teachers will never ________ (replace) by computers in the classroom. ②(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Nervousness and fear were replaced ________ joy. ③(剑桥高阶)Tourism has replaced agriculture ________ the nation's main industry. 　句型转换 ④No one can replace her father in her heart. →No one can ________________________ in her heart. →No one can ________________________ in her heart. 答案：④take the place of her father; take her father's place ⑥ expert adj. 内行的，专家的(教材P68) [名师点津]　expert作名词时，近义词还有：authority(权威人士)，specialist(专家，行家)等；作形容词时，近义词还有：skilled(熟练的，有技能的)，adept(内行的，熟练的)等。 　单句语法填空 ①(柯林斯词典)Our team of ________ (expert) will be on hand to offer help and advice between 12 noon and 7pm daily. ②(中国日报)Picking up headphones and ________ (expert) operating the complex DJ equipment, Dong Shuntao, 66 years old, is the queen of midnight rock at the 12 Beast Lab bar in Changsha, Hunan Province. 　单句表达 ③(牛津高阶)他善于烹制又好吃又便宜的饭菜。 He ________________ cooking good cheap meals. ⑦ rent v. 租用，租借(教材P69) 　介词、副词填空 ①They don't find any rooms ________ rent at the moment. ②Mr Hill rents this land out ________ us at $500 a year. ③(柯林斯词典)Last summer Brian Williams rented ________ his house and went camping. ④Does he still live in the flat that was rented ________ a local farmer three years ago? 　单句表达 ⑤玛丽以每月一千元的租金租用这套房子。 Mary rented the house ________________ 1，000 yuan a month. ⑧ limited adj. 有限的(教材P70) 　单句语法填空 ①(2021·浙江高考1月)Families are pressed for time, many with both parents working to pay for their house, often working hours not of their choosing, living in car－dependent neighborhoods with ________ (limit) public transport. ② I've found that the possibilities that lie within books are ________ (limit). ③(剑桥高阶)I've been asked to limit my speech ________ ten minutes maximum. 　单句表达 ④文章的长度应该限制在400词左右。 The length of the article should ________________ 400 words or so. ⑤在我看来，你们最好给这次旅行的费用定一个限度。 In my opinion, you had better ________________ the expense of your trip. ⑨ benefit n. 好处，益处(教材P70) 　单句语法填空 ①(柯林斯词典)It can be ________ (benefit) to share your feelings with someone you trust. ②(2019·北京高考)The students ________ (benefit) most from college are those who are totally engaged (参与) in academic life. ③(2019·北京高考)For the students, riding with Wilson has allowed them to complete their education—but according to Wilson, he benefits just as much ________ the experience. ④China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals ________ the benefit of all its citizens. 　一句多译 ⑤每天锻炼对健康有益处。 Doing exercise every day ____________________ health. ＝Doing exercise every day ________________ health. 短语研磨 pass down 把……一代传一代，使流传(教材P63) 　介词、副词填空 ①(柯林斯词典)The official urged the government not to pass ________ the opportunity that has now presented itself. ②(剑桥高阶)I was just passing ________， so I thought I'd drop in for a chat. ③(中国日报)Yuan Longping, renowned for developing the first hybrid rice strain that pulled countless people out of hunger, passed ________ in a hospital. ④(朗文当代)I nearly passed ________ when I saw all the blood. 　单句表达 ⑤(朗文当代)这个传统世代相传。 ________________________________ from father to son for generations. （第四关）基本句型模仿背诵及巩固情境研磨记忆巩固 ① “及物动词＋it＋宾语补足语＋真正的宾语”句型 The cold weather makes it difficult for us to grow enough vegetables and fruit.(教材P67) 寒冷的天气使我们很难种植足够的蔬菜和水果。 (1)常用于以上结构的动词有make, feel, think, consider, find等。 (2)宾语补足语可以是形容词，也可以是名词。 (3)真正的宾语可以是不定式短语、动名词或从句。 　单句语法填空 ①(2020·浙江高考)My parents made it a point for their two kids ________ (spend) time outside, no matter the weather or season. ②As working from home becomes increasingly common, people are finding ________ easier to combine parenthood with a full－time career. ③I consider it no use ________ (discuss) with him about it any more. 　单句表达 ④ 大脑越大，身体活动就越困难，消耗的能量也就越多。 The big brains ________________ for the body to move around and consume more energy. ② with复合结构 Today, millions of Brits like to say that they have “green fingers”， with around half the population spending their free time gardening．(教材P68) 如今，数百万的英国人喜欢说他们有“绿手指(意为擅长园艺)”，约有一半的英国人都把空闲时间用在打理花园上。 with复合结构在句中常作原因、条件、时间、方式或伴随状语或后置定语。常见形式有： (1)with＋宾语＋动词不定式(表示未做) (2)with＋宾语＋现在分词(表示主动或进行) (3)with＋宾语＋过去分词 (表示被动或完成) (4)with＋宾语＋形容词/副词/介词短语(表示状态) 单句语法填空 ①(中国日报)We go abroad to learn advanced science and technology, not to pursue personal enjoyment of life, so we should return to our homeland, where technology is still less developed, with a lot of work ________ (do). ②All of us were hard at work at the kitchen table, with my mom ________ (film) the annual event. ③(中国日报)It takes the girl 12 hours to produce a video, with the time equally ________ (devote) to script writing, filming and editing. 　单句表达 ④他们点着灯假装努力工作了一整夜。 They pretended to be working hard all night ____________________． ⑤(2020·浙江高考)由于附近没有其他和我同龄的孩子，我不得不一个人待上几个小时。 ________________________________________， I had to spend hours by myself. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Most colleges now offer first­year students a course specially ________ (design) to help them succeed academically and personally. 2．Polluted water and air are ________ (harm) to people's health. 3．(剑桥高阶)The government is understandably reluctant to do anything which might spoil the ________ (harmony) relations between the country's ethnic groups. 4．(中国日报)As economic and trade relations between China and New Zealand reach a new level, the ________ (agriculture) industry will also become an important part of China－New Zealand cooperation. 5．(剑桥高阶)I'm sure he ignored you by accident and not ________ design. 6．(中国日报)Several measures were taken to address parking problems in city areas, provide easier access to traffic management services ________ elderly citizens, and expanding the range of online traffic management services. 7．Chinese women are not just ________ (consume) of fashion—they are central to its movement. 8．(中国日报)Shenzhen has been continuously improving its economic quality, with innovation and industrial modernization at the core, rather than ________ (narrow) focusing on the pace of growth. 9．(牛津高阶)He knew I was ________ (energy) and dynamic and would get things done. 10．For those who can stomach it, working out before breakfast may be more ________ (benefit) for health than eating first. Ⅱ.选词填空 wash away; pass down; in harmony with; turn into; check out; as far as the eye can see; be popular with; reflect on; be located in; in doubt 1．The ground floor of the forest is where dead leaves ________ food for the trees and other forest life. 2．(剑桥高阶)That song ____________ people from my father's generation. 3．(牛津高阶)I need time to ____________ what you offered. 4．The lake is very large and beautiful, extending ____________． 5．(朗文当代)The library allows you to ____________ six books at a time. 6．When you are ____________ about the meaning of a word, refer to a dictionary. 7．The tradition was ____________ from parents to children for hundreds of years. 8．With better education, people will be able to build a better society ____________ nature. 9．(牛津高阶)The cliffs are being gradually ____________ by the sea. 10．(中国日报)The Sun Tower _________________ Yangfan Square in Yantai and will be open to the public in 2023. Ⅲ.单句表达 1．我一直紧跟报纸，忠实地阅读新闻杂志，学会了真正地享受书籍，所有这些对我在广播和电视报道方面都是无价的帮助。 I've always kept up with the newspapers, faithfully read news magazines and learned to really enjoy books, ________________ have been an invaluable help to me in radio and television reporting. 2．那个坐在花园椅子上的小女孩有点不寻常。 There was something unusual about the one with a young girl ________________________． 3．(中国日报)青海省互助土族自治县北山森林生态系统日益健全，吸引着越来越多的物种返回并在那里安家。 The increasingly robust ecosystem in Beishan forest in Huzhu Tu autonomous county, Qinghai Province is attracting ______________________ to return and make their homes there. 4.尽管图书馆仍在对外借阅图书，但多亏了地区图书馆的合作网络，你会发现找到你要找的东西更容易。 While libraries still loan out books, you'll ________________________________ whatever you're looking for, thanks to a cooperative network of area libraries. 5．我想，虽然金钱确实是美妙和必要的，但重读一个作者的作品是读者能付给他们的最高报酬。 I imagine that, ________________________________________， rereading an author's work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. （第五关）必备重点语法精讲精练 非谓语动词 [感悟]　语法填空四谨记 1．巧记三种非谓语动词作状语的基本区别 (1)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，且正在进行，要想到用动词-ing形式； (2)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是被动关系，且表示完成，要想到用动词-ed形式； (3)若非谓语动词表示将来的动作，作状语表示目的，在喜怒哀乐的形容词后作原因或意料之外的结果等，要想到用动词不定式形式。 2．掌握非谓语动词的句型公式 It's＋形容词＋(for/of sb.＋) to do sth.; It's no good/use/pleasure doing sth.; find/think/believe/consider＋it＋形容词＋to do sth.。 3．牢记用动词-ing形式或动词不定式作宾语的动词 4．巧辨谓语动词和非谓语动词 (1)一个句子无论是主句还是从句，必须要有谓语，一般空格所在的句子中无其他动词，则填谓语动词。谓语动词要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致等； (2)若句中找到了谓语动词，而又找不到连词(并列连词或从句连词)时，则所给动词一定用非谓语动词。非谓语动词需要确定是动词-ing 形式、动词-ed形式还是动词不定式形式。 考点三 非谓语动词作定语 (一)不定式作定语 1．动词不定式作定语通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后， 与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系。 ① He was the last one to leave school yesterday.(主谓关系) 他昨天是最后一个离开学校的。 ②She has a lot of work to do in the morning.(动宾关系) 她早上有许多工作要做。 2．当名词或代词被序数词、形容词最高级、the last、 the only等修饰，且非谓语动词与其逻辑主语为主谓关系时，常用动词不定式作定语。 He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school. 他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。 3．当被修饰词是表示抽象意义的名词时，常用不定式作后置定语，且不定式常用主动形式。常见的此类名词有ability，chance，idea，attempt，plan，way，opportunity等。 We should develop the students' ability to solve problems. 我们应该培养学生解决问题的能力。 (二)动词-ing形式作定语 现在分词作定语，分词与被修饰的名词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系或用来表示正在进行的动作时。 The lecture, starting at 7：00 p．m. last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes. 这次演讲开始于昨天晚上7点，紧接着是用望远镜观看月球的活动。 【名师指津】　被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示正在进行时，用现在分词的被动式作定语。 Stay away from houses or buildings being built or knocked down．远离正在建造或拆毁的房屋或建筑物。 (三)动词-ed形式作定语 过去分词作定语，分词与被修饰的名词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。 Tsinghua University, founded in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures. 始建于1911 年的清华大学培养出了众多杰出人物。 【名师指津】　作定语的不及物动词的分词形式有doing和done两种。doing 表示正在进行；done 表示已经完成。 单句语法填空 1．The first eSports event was the one ________ (hold) by Stanford University in the 1970s, for the game Spacewar！[2023·丽水、湖州、衢州三地市质量检测] 2．As darkness falls, the best place ________ (witness) the city is on the wall, where one can't help but imagine the distant past.[2023·河南省高考适应性练习] 3．In history, Beijing 2022 is the first Games where all venues (场地) are powered by clean energy and Beijing is the first city in the world ________ (host) both the Summer and Winter Games.[2023·九江市第二次模拟] 4．“It has really given me the desire to visit China, in particular to explore the traditional ink artwork，” said Marianne Simon, an MA (文学硕士) student ________(major) in publishing and creative writing at Kingston University.[2023·河北省高考适应性考试] 5．As a matter of fact, there is no ________ (fix) ways for the Double Ninth cake, but super cakes have as many as nine layers, looking like a tower.[2023·泰安市高考全真模拟] 考点四 非谓语动词作宾语 1.只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词和短语： suggest, imagine, mind, admit, practice, allow, risk, keep, keep on, avoid, escape, enjoy, consider, excuse, finish, miss, insist on, look forward to, feel like, get down to, object to等。 2．只能跟不定式作宾语的动词：agree, intend/plan, demand, promise, help, prepare, decide, refuse, choose, wish/hope, want, expect, fail, pretend, manage, determine, beg, arrange, threaten, claim，hesitate, happen等。 3．既可跟动词-ing形式又可跟不定式作宾语的动词和短语： remember，forget, regret, stop, go on, mean, start, begin, try等。如： What a poor memory! I forgot borrowing money from him yesterday. But today I forgot to return the money to him.多么差的记忆力！昨天我忘了向他借过钱，但今天我又忘了把钱还给他。 4．不定式作decide, know, consider, forget, learn，remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out，explain, tell等动词或动词短语的宾语时， 前面常带引导词how, what, whether, where, when, who等。 The father wondered how to answer his son's question. 5．need, require, want作“需要”讲， deserve作“应受， 应得”讲时， 其后接动词-ing形式的主动形式表被动意义或不定式的被动结构。 ①This work needs doing/to be done carefully. ②The boy richly deserved punishing． 6．固定句式do/have/其他动词＋sth.＋but/except(to) do sth.中的不定式用法。此结构要遵循前有实义动词do, but后则无to，反之则有to的原则。 ①I have nothing but praise for the police. 我对警察只有赞扬。 ②I have a lot of homework every day, and I have no choice but to do it. 我每天都有很多家庭作业，我别无选择，只能做。 单句语法填空 1．There are now 1，800 giant pandas living in the wild, a number that officials credit to the country's devotion to ________(maintain) nature reserves and other conservation initiatives in recent years.[2023·全国优质校高三大联考] 2．He plans to pursue his career in the mainland after ________ (complete) his studies.[2023·山东省高三大联考] 3．For teenagers, some have learned how to use a sewing machine and made a couple of projects; some are working on a social studies project which involves ________ (construct)a family tree including researching relatives alive in the 1800s.[2023·山东师范大学附中考前打靶] 4．Even though people initially laughed at him, he finally managed ________ (give) his hometown a path available to the nearby town.[2023·辽宁县级重点高中协作体一模] 5．That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans ________ (continue) the practice.[2022·浙江卷1月] $$必修第一册 Unit 6 At one with nature 知识背诵清单通关练 （第一关）重点单词精选精背储备能量+核心词汇之转换词形词性 （第二关）重点短语再现背诵及研磨记忆巩固 （第三关）梳理核心词汇之转换词形词性及情境研磨记忆巩固 （第四关）基本句型模仿背诵及巩固情境研磨记忆巩固 （第五关）必备重点语法精讲精练 （第一关）重点单词精选精背储备能量 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.wrap v. 包，裹 2．region n. 地区，区域 3．therefore adv. 因此，由此 4．shallow adj. 浅的 5．living adj. 活的，活着的 6．sail v. (乘船)航行 7．climate n. 气候 8．inside adv. 在(建筑物、房间)内 9．publish v. 出版 10．rent v. 租用，租借 11．limited adj. 有限的 12．benefit n. 好处，益处 13．pleasant adj. 令人愉快的 14．system n. 系统 15．steep adj. 陡的，陡峭的 16．soil n. 土壤 17．crop n. 庄稼，作物 18．material n. 材料 19．mineral n. 矿物，矿产 20．barrier n. 障碍，壁垒 21．structure n. 结构，构造，组织 22．basin n. 盆地，低洼地 23．grand adj. 宏伟的，壮丽的 24．valley n. 谷，山谷 25．platform n. 高台，平台 26．channel n. 海峡 27．tunnel n. 隧道 28．camel n. 骆驼 29．desert n. 沙漠，荒漠 30．branch n. 树枝 31．flavour n. 味，味道 核心词汇之转换词形词性 1.completion n. 完成；结束→complete adj. 完全的，彻底的 v. 完成→completely adv. 彻底地；完全地；完整地 2．prevent v. 阻挡，防止→prevention n. 预防；防止；防范→preventable adj. 可以预防的；可以阻止的 3．harmony n. 融洽相处，和谐→harmonious adj. 和谐的，融洽的，协调的；悦耳的 4．design v. 设计→designer n. 设计师 5．harm v. 伤害，损害→harmful adj. 有害的，导致损害的→harmless adj. 无害的；无恶意的 6．agriculture n. 农业→agricultural adj. 农业的，耕种的；农艺的，农学的 7．replace v. 以……替换，更换→replacement n. 替换，更换；替代品，替换物 8．consumer n. 消费者→consume v. 消耗，耗费(燃料、能量、时间等)→consumption n. 消费；消耗，消耗量 9．priority n. 优先处理的事，当务之急→prior adj. 优先的；占先的；较重要的 10．beauty n. 美，美丽→beautify v. 美化；装饰→beautiful adj. 美丽的，漂亮的 11．expert adj. 内行的，专家的 n. 专家→expertly adv. 熟练地，巧妙地 12．energy n. 力量，活力→energetic adj. 精力充沛的；充满活力的 （第二关）重点短语再现背诵及研磨记忆巩固 1．as far as the eye can see 目力所及 2．go to the trouble to do sth 不辞辛苦做某事 3．prevent sth from doing sth 阻止某事发生 4．in harmony with 与……和谐；与……一致 5．connect with 与……连接；与……相联系 6．hold much value 具有重要价值 7．pass down 把……往下传 8．be made from 由……制成 9．enter into competition 报名参加比赛 10．nothing better than 没有什么比……更好 11．at one with 与……一致 12．in doubt 有疑问 13．reflect on 反省；回忆 14．come onto/on the market 上市 15．have a positive effect on 对……有积极的影响 16．give sb a helping hand 帮助某人 17．present ... to ... 把……呈现给某人；把……交给 第三关）梳理核心词汇之转换词形词性及情境研磨记忆巩固 ① prevent v. 阻挡，防止(教材P63) 　单句语法填空 ①The heavy rain prevented us ________ (hold) the sports meeting yesterday. ②(2020·天津高考)Loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression and even crimes, but it can ________ (prevent) in a clever way. ③(2019·浙江高考)Scientists have painted a long road, red, yellow and white to prevent the birds ________ being killed. ④(2020·江苏高考)And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see because of the commitment Wilson made to preventing the ________ (prevent). ⑤(2020·江苏高考)The State Council released Guidelines on Conducting COVID－19 ________ (prevent) and Control on an Ongoing Basis. 答案：①holding　②be prevented　③from　④preventable　⑤Prevention 　单句表达 ⑥(中国日报)昆明的警察和消防员正在努力防止大象与居民接触。 Police and firefighters in Kunming are working to ________________________________ residents. 答案：⑥prevent the elephants from coming into contact with ② harmony n. 融洽相处，和谐(教材P63) 　单句语法填空 ①(2021·天津高考3月)Henry David Thoreau was happy to withdraw from social life, seeking a ________ (harmony) relationship with nature in the quietness of his life. ②Only when people live ________ harmony with each other can we have a stable society. ③When children grow up, their ideas may sometimes be out of harmony ________ their parents' thoughts. 答案：①harmonious　②in　③with 　单句表达 ④(朗文当代)我确定相信不同民族有可能和谐共处。 I do believe it is possible for different ethnic groups to ________________________. 答案：④live together in harmony ③ design v. 设计(教材P63) 　单句语法填空 ①________ (design) Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. ② The Silence Machine is a device specially designed ________ (stop) unwanted sound from affecting you. ③Tom left his schoolbag at home ________ design because he didn't finish his homework. 答案：①Designer　②to stop　③by 　单句表达 ④(牛津高阶)这些手套是为严寒地区制造的。 The gloves ________________ extremely cold climates. 答案：④were designed for ④ harm v. 伤害，损害(教材P63) 　单句语法填空 ①(朗文当代)Modern farming methods have done considerable harm ________ the countryside. ②(剑桥高阶)This group of chemicals is known to be ________ (harm) to people with asthma. ③(剑桥高阶)You could always ask Jim if they need any more staff in his office—there's no harm in ________ (ask). 答案：①to　②harmful　③asking 　一句多译 ④众所周知，吸烟有害健康。 As is known to all, smoking ________________ health. ＝As is known to all, smoking ________________ health. 答案：④does harm to; is harmful to ⑤ replace v. 以……替换，更换(教材P65) 　单句语法填空 ①(牛津高阶)Teachers will never ________ (replace) by computers in the classroom. ②(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Nervousness and fear were replaced ________ joy. ③(剑桥高阶)Tourism has replaced agriculture ________ the nation's main industry. 答案：①be replaced　②with/by　③as 　句型转换 ④No one can replace her father in her heart. →No one can ________________________ in her heart. →No one can ________________________ in her heart. 答案：④take the place of her father; take her father's place ⑥ expert adj. 内行的，专家的(教材P68) [名师点津]　expert作名词时，近义词还有：authority(权威人士)，specialist(专家，行家)等；作形容词时，近义词还有：skilled(熟练的，有技能的)，adept(内行的，熟练的)等。 　单句语法填空 ①(柯林斯词典)Our team of ________ (expert) will be on hand to offer help and advice between 12 noon and 7pm daily. ②(中国日报)Picking up headphones and ________ (expert) operating the complex DJ equipment, Dong Shuntao, 66 years old, is the queen of midnight rock at the 12 Beast Lab bar in Changsha, Hunan Province. 答案：①experts　②expertly 　单句表达 ③(牛津高阶)他善于烹制又好吃又便宜的饭菜。 He ________________ cooking good cheap meals. 答案：③is expert at/in/on ⑦ rent v. 租用，租借(教材P69) 　介词、副词填空 ①They don't find any rooms ________ rent at the moment. ②Mr Hill rents this land out ________ us at $500 a year. ③(柯林斯词典)Last summer Brian Williams rented ________ his house and went camping. ④Does he still live in the flat that was rented ________ a local farmer three years ago? 答案：①for　②to　③out　④from 　单句表达 ⑤玛丽以每月一千元的租金租用这套房子。 Mary rented the house ________________ 1，000 yuan a month. 答案：⑤at the/a rent of ⑧ limited adj. 有限的(教材P70) 　单句语法填空 ①(2021·浙江高考1月)Families are pressed for time, many with both parents working to pay for their house, often working hours not of their choosing, living in car－dependent neighborhoods with ________ (limit) public transport. ② I've found that the possibilities that lie within books are ________ (limit). ③(剑桥高阶)I've been asked to limit my speech ________ ten minutes maximum. 答案：①limited　②limitless　③to 　单句表达 ④文章的长度应该限制在400词左右。 The length of the article should ________________ 400 words or so. ⑤在我看来，你们最好给这次旅行的费用定一个限度。 In my opinion, you had better ________________ the expense of your trip. 答案：④be limited to　⑤set a limit to ⑨ benefit n. 好处，益处(教材P70) 　单句语法填空 ①(柯林斯词典)It can be ________ (benefit) to share your feelings with someone you trust. ②(2019·北京高考)The students ________ (benefit) most from college are those who are totally engaged (参与) in academic life. ③(2019·北京高考)For the students, riding with Wilson has allowed them to complete their education—but according to Wilson, he benefits just as much ________ the experience. ④China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals ________ the benefit of all its citizens. 答案：①beneficial　②benefitting　③from　④for 　一句多译 ⑤每天锻炼对健康有益处。 Doing exercise every day ____________________ health. ＝Doing exercise every day ________________ health. 答案：⑤is of great benefit to; is beneficial to 短语研磨 pass down 把……一代传一代，使流传(教材P63) 　介词、副词填空 ①(柯林斯词典)The official urged the government not to pass ________ the opportunity that has now presented itself. ②(剑桥高阶)I was just passing ________， so I thought I'd drop in for a chat. ③(中国日报)Yuan Longping, renowned for developing the first hybrid rice strain that pulled countless people out of hunger, passed ________ in a hospital. ④(朗文当代)I nearly passed ________ when I saw all the blood. 答案：①up　②by　③away　④out 　单句表达 ⑤(朗文当代)这个传统世代相传。 ________________________________ from father to son for generations. 答案：⑤The tradition has been passed down （第四关）基本句型模仿背诵及巩固情境研磨记忆巩固 ① “及物动词＋it＋宾语补足语＋真正的宾语”句型 The cold weather makes it difficult for us to grow enough vegetables and fruit.(教材P67) 寒冷的天气使我们很难种植足够的蔬菜和水果。 (1)常用于以上结构的动词有make, feel, think, consider, find等。 (2)宾语补足语可以是形容词，也可以是名词。 (3)真正的宾语可以是不定式短语、动名词或从句。 　单句语法填空 ①(2020·浙江高考)My parents made it a point for their two kids ________ (spend) time outside, no matter the weather or season. ②As working from home becomes increasingly common, people are finding ________ easier to combine parenthood with a full－time career. ③I consider it no use ________ (discuss) with him about it any more. 答案：①to spend　②it　③discussing 　单句表达 ④ 大脑越大，身体活动就越困难，消耗的能量也就越多。 The big brains ________________ for the body to move around and consume more energy. 答案：④make it harder ② with复合结构 Today, millions of Brits like to say that they have “green fingers”， with around half the population spending their free time gardening．(教材P68) 如今，数百万的英国人喜欢说他们有“绿手指(意为擅长园艺)”，约有一半的英国人都把空闲时间用在打理花园上。 with复合结构在句中常作原因、条件、时间、方式或伴随状语或后置定语。常见形式有： (1)with＋宾语＋动词不定式(表示未做) (2)with＋宾语＋现在分词(表示主动或进行) (3)with＋宾语＋过去分词 (表示被动或完成) (4)with＋宾语＋形容词/副词/介词短语(表示状态) 单句语法填空 ①(中国日报)We go abroad to learn advanced science and technology, not to pursue personal enjoyment of life, so we should return to our homeland, where technology is still less developed, with a lot of work ________ (do). ②All of us were hard at work at the kitchen table, with my mom ________ (film) the annual event. ③(中国日报)It takes the girl 12 hours to produce a video, with the time equally ________ (devote) to script writing, filming and editing. 答案：①to do　②filming　③devoted 　单句表达 ④他们点着灯假装努力工作了一整夜。 They pretended to be working hard all night ____________________． ⑤(2020·浙江高考)由于附近没有其他和我同龄的孩子，我不得不一个人待上几个小时。 ________________________________________， I had to spend hours by myself. 答案：④with their lights burning　⑤With no other kids of my age in the neighborhood Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Most colleges now offer first­year students a course specially ________ (design) to help them succeed academically and personally. 答案：designed 2．Polluted water and air are ________ (harm) to people's health. 答案：harmful 3．(剑桥高阶)The government is understandably reluctant to do anything which might spoil the ________ (harmony) relations between the country's ethnic groups. 答案：harmonious 4．(中国日报)As economic and trade relations between China and New Zealand reach a new level, the ________ (agriculture) industry will also become an important part of China－New Zealand cooperation. 答案：agricultural 5．(剑桥高阶)I'm sure he ignored you by accident and not ________ design. 答案：by 6．(中国日报)Several measures were taken to address parking problems in city areas, provide easier access to traffic management services ________ elderly citizens, and expanding the range of online traffic management services. 答案：for 7．Chinese women are not just ________ (consume) of fashion—they are central to its movement. 答案：consumers 8．(中国日报)Shenzhen has been continuously improving its economic quality, with innovation and industrial modernization at the core, rather than ________ (narrow) focusing on the pace of growth. 答案：narrowly 9．(牛津高阶)He knew I was ________ (energy) and dynamic and would get things done. 答案：energetic 10．For those who can stomach it, working out before breakfast may be more ________ (benefit) for health than eating first. 答案：beneficial Ⅱ.选词填空 wash away; pass down; in harmony with; turn into; check out; as far as the eye can see; be popular with; reflect on; be located in; in doubt 1．The ground floor of the forest is where dead leaves ________ food for the trees and other forest life. 答案：turn into 2．(剑桥高阶)That song ____________ people from my father's generation. 答案：was popular with 3．(牛津高阶)I need time to ____________ what you offered. 答案：reflect on 4．The lake is very large and beautiful, extending ____________． 答案：as far as the eye can see 5．(朗文当代)The library allows you to ____________ six books at a time. 答案：check out 6．When you are ____________ about the meaning of a word, refer to a dictionary. 答案：in doubt 7．The tradition was ____________ from parents to children for hundreds of years. 答案：passed down 8．With better education, people will be able to build a better society ____________ nature. 答案：in harmony with 9．(牛津高阶)The cliffs are being gradually ____________ by the sea. 答案：washed away 10．(中国日报)The Sun Tower _________________ Yangfan Square in Yantai and will be open to the public in 2023. 答案：is located in Ⅲ.单句表达 1．我一直紧跟报纸，忠实地阅读新闻杂志，学会了真正地享受书籍，所有这些对我在广播和电视报道方面都是无价的帮助。 I've always kept up with the newspapers, faithfully read news magazines and learned to really enjoy books, ________________ have been an invaluable help to me in radio and television reporting. 答案：all of which 2．那个坐在花园椅子上的小女孩有点不寻常。 There was something unusual about the one with a young girl ________________________． 答案：sitting on a garden chair 3．(中国日报)青海省互助土族自治县北山森林生态系统日益健全，吸引着越来越多的物种返回并在那里安家。 The increasingly robust ecosystem in Beishan forest in Huzhu Tu autonomous county, Qinghai Province is attracting ______________________ to return and make their homes there. 答案：more and more species 4.尽管图书馆仍在对外借阅图书，但多亏了地区图书馆的合作网络，你会发现找到你要找的东西更容易。 While libraries still loan out books, you'll ________________________________ whatever you're looking for, thanks to a cooperative network of area libraries. 答案：find it easier to get a copy of 5．我想，虽然金钱确实是美妙和必要的，但重读一个作者的作品是读者能付给他们的最高报酬。 I imagine that, ________________________________________， rereading an author's work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. 答案：while money is indeed wonderful and necessary （第五关）必备重点语法精讲精练 非谓语动词 [感悟]　语法填空四谨记 1．巧记三种非谓语动词作状语的基本区别 (1)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，且正在进行，要想到用动词-ing形式； (2)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是被动关系，且表示完成，要想到用动词-ed形式； (3)若非谓语动词表示将来的动作，作状语表示目的，在喜怒哀乐的形容词后作原因或意料之外的结果等，要想到用动词不定式形式。 2．掌握非谓语动词的句型公式 It's＋形容词＋(for/of sb.＋) to do sth.; It's no good/use/pleasure doing sth.; find/think/believe/consider＋it＋形容词＋to do sth.。 3．牢记用动词-ing形式或动词不定式作宾语的动词 4．巧辨谓语动词和非谓语动词 (1)一个句子无论是主句还是从句，必须要有谓语，一般空格所在的句子中无其他动词，则填谓语动词。谓语动词要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致等； (2)若句中找到了谓语动词，而又找不到连词(并列连词或从句连词)时，则所给动词一定用非谓语动词。非谓语动词需要确定是动词-ing 形式、动词-ed形式还是动词不定式形式。 考点三 非谓语动词作定语 (一)不定式作定语 1．动词不定式作定语通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后， 与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系。 ① He was the last one to leave school yesterday.(主谓关系) 他昨天是最后一个离开学校的。 ②She has a lot of work to do in the morning.(动宾关系) 她早上有许多工作要做。 2．当名词或代词被序数词、形容词最高级、the last、 the only等修饰，且非谓语动词与其逻辑主语为主谓关系时，常用动词不定式作定语。 He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school. 他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。 3．当被修饰词是表示抽象意义的名词时，常用不定式作后置定语，且不定式常用主动形式。常见的此类名词有ability，chance，idea，attempt，plan，way，opportunity等。 We should develop the students' ability to solve problems. 我们应该培养学生解决问题的能力。 (二)动词-ing形式作定语 现在分词作定语，分词与被修饰的名词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系或用来表示正在进行的动作时。 The lecture, starting at 7：00 p．m. last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes. 这次演讲开始于昨天晚上7点，紧接着是用望远镜观看月球的活动。 【名师指津】　被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示正在进行时，用现在分词的被动式作定语。 Stay away from houses or buildings being built or knocked down．远离正在建造或拆毁的房屋或建筑物。 (三)动词-ed形式作定语 过去分词作定语，分词与被修饰的名词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。 Tsinghua University, founded in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures. 始建于1911 年的清华大学培养出了众多杰出人物。 【名师指津】　作定语的不及物动词的分词形式有doing和done两种。doing 表示正在进行；done 表示已经完成。 单句语法填空 1．The first eSports event was the one ________ (hold) by Stanford University in the 1970s, for the game Spacewar！[2023·丽水、湖州、衢州三地市质量检测] 2．As darkness falls, the best place ________ (witness) the city is on the wall, where one can't help but imagine the distant past.[2023·河南省高考适应性练习] 3．In history, Beijing 2022 is the first Games where all venues (场地) are powered by clean energy and Beijing is the first city in the world ________ (host) both the Summer and Winter Games.[2023·九江市第二次模拟] 4．“It has really given me the desire to visit China, in particular to explore the traditional ink artwork，” said Marianne Simon, an MA (文学硕士) student ________(major) in publishing and creative writing at Kingston University.[2023·河北省高考适应性考试] 5．As a matter of fact, there is no ________ (fix) ways for the Double Ninth cake, but super cakes have as many as nine layers, looking like a tower.[2023·泰安市高考全真模拟] 考点四 非谓语动词作宾语 1.只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词和短语： suggest, imagine, mind, admit, practice, allow, risk, keep, keep on, avoid, escape, enjoy, consider, excuse, finish, miss, insist on, look forward to, feel like, get down to, object to等。 2．只能跟不定式作宾语的动词：agree, intend/plan, demand, promise, help, prepare, decide, refuse, choose, wish/hope, want, expect, fail, pretend, manage, determine, beg, arrange, threaten, claim，hesitate, happen等。 3．既可跟动词-ing形式又可跟不定式作宾语的动词和短语： remember，forget, regret, stop, go on, mean, start, begin, try等。如： What a poor memory! I forgot borrowing money from him yesterday. But today I forgot to return the money to him.多么差的记忆力！昨天我忘了向他借过钱，但今天我又忘了把钱还给他。 4．不定式作decide, know, consider, forget, learn，remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out，explain, tell等动词或动词短语的宾语时， 前面常带引导词how, what, whether, where, when, who等。 The father wondered how to answer his son's question. 5．need, require, want作“需要”讲， deserve作“应受， 应得”讲时， 其后接动词-ing形式的主动形式表被动意义或不定式的被动结构。 ①This work needs doing/to be done carefully. ②The boy richly deserved punishing． 6．固定句式do/have/其他动词＋sth.＋but/except(to) do sth.中的不定式用法。此结构要遵循前有实义动词do, but后则无to，反之则有to的原则。 ①I have nothing but praise for the police. 我对警察只有赞扬。 ②I have a lot of homework every day, and I have no choice but to do it. 我每天都有很多家庭作业，我别无选择，只能做。 单句语法填空 1．There are now 1，800 giant pandas living in the wild, a number that officials credit to the country's devotion to ________(maintain) nature reserves and other conservation initiatives in recent years.[2023·全国优质校高三大联考] 2．He plans to pursue his career in the mainland after ________ (complete) his studies.[2023·山东省高三大联考] 3．For teenagers, some have learned how to use a sewing machine and made a couple of projects; some are working on a social studies project which involves ________ (construct)a family tree including researching relatives alive in the 1800s.[2023·山东师范大学附中考前打靶] 4．Even though people initially laughed at him, he finally managed ________ (give) his hometown a path available to the nearby town.[2023·辽宁县级重点高中协作体一模] 5．That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans ________ (continue) the practice.[2022·浙江卷1月] 答案 考点三 即学即练 1．答案与解析：held　非谓语动词。本句的谓语动词是was, hold在句中为非谓语，与逻辑主语one之间构成动宾关系，所以空处填held。 2．答案与解析：to witness　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知此处用作定语，因其所修饰的名词前有最高级修饰，所以应用不定式作定语。 3．答案与解析：to host　考查非谓语动词。句意：北京2022年冬奥会是历史上第一届所有场馆都使用清洁能源的奥运会，也是世界上第一个同时举办夏季和冬季奥运会的城市。设空处在句中作非谓语，当名词被序数词修饰时，应用动词不定式的形式作定语。 4．答案与解析：majoring　考查现在分词。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处应填非谓语动词。Marianne Simon, an MA student与major是主谓关系，故用现在分词表主动，作后置定语。 5．答案与解析：fixed　考查形容词。句意：事实上，重阳糕并没有固定的做法，但超级蛋糕有多达九层，看起来像一座塔。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词ways，故填fixed, 意为“固定的”。 考点四 即学即练 1．答案与解析：maintaining　考查非谓语动词。句意： 目前有1800只野生大熊猫，官员们将这一数字归功于中国近年来致力于维护自然保护区和其他保护举措。devotion to奉献于，致力于，其中 to 为介词，后跟动名词作宾语。 2．答案与解析：completing　考查非谓语动词。句意：他计划完成学业后到大陆发展。介词after后面应用动名词completing做宾语， 故填completing。 3．答案与解析：constructing　考查非谓语动词。句意：对于青少年来说，有些人已经学会了如何使用缝纫机，并做了几个项目；有些人正在从事社会研究项目，其中包括构建一个家谱，包括研究活在19世纪的亲属。involve doing sth.包括做某事。 4．答案与解析：to give　考查不定式和固定短语。句意：尽管一开始人们都嘲笑他，但他最终还是为自己的家乡开辟了一条通往附近城镇的道路。manage to do是固定短语，意为“设法完成了某事”，因此空格处是不定式to give，故填to give。 5．答案与解析：to continue　考查非谓语动词。plan to do sth.意为“计划做某事”，为固定搭配。 $$