2025年高考英语阅读理解难题Reading Comprehension for top students-3

高考培优阅读-5 Fisher‘s class Reading Comprehension-3 -Art ​Perhaps the most obvious way artistic creation reflects how people live is by mirroring the environment — the materials and technologies available to a culture. Stone, wood, tree bark, clay, and sand are generally available materials. In addition, depending on the locality, other resources may be accessible: shells, horns, gold, copper, and silver. The different uses to which societies put these materials are of interest to anthropologists who may ask, for example, why people choose to use clay and not copper when both items are available. Although there are no conclusive answers yet, the way in which a society views its environment is sometimes apparent in its choice and use of artistic materials. The use of certain metals, for example, may be reserved for ceremonial objects of special importance. Or the belief in the supernatural powers of a stone or tree may cause a sculptor to be sensitive to that material. What is particularly meaningful to anthropologist is the realization that although the materials available to a society may to some extent limit or influence what it can do artistically, the materials by no means determine what is done. Why do the artists in Japanese society rakes and into patterns; and the artists in Roman society melt sand to form glass? Moreover, even when the same material is used in the same way by members of different societies, the form or style of the work varies enormously from culture to culture. A society may simply choose to represent objects or phenomena that are important to its population. An examination of the art of the Middle Ages tells us something about the medieval preoccupation with theological doctrine. In addition to revealing the primary concerns of a society, the content of that society's art may also reflect the culture's social stratification. 题目：      1. According to the passage , gold, copper, and silver are 　　(A) more difficult to handle than wood and 　　(B) of their stable social conditions 　　(C) of the unique stylistic features of their art 　　(D) available only in specific locations 　　2. The word conclusive in line 7 is closest in meaning to 　　(A) definitive 　　(B) controversial 　　(C) concurrent 　　(D) realistic 　　3. The word apparent in line 8 is closest in meaning to 　　(A) attractive 　　(B) logical 　　(C) evident 　　(D) distinct 　　4. Why does the author mention the supernatural powers of a stone or tree in line 10?       (A) to show that some sculptors avoid working with specific materials 　　(B) to emphasize the unusual properties of certain materials 　　(C) as an example of how art can be influenced by cultural beliefs 　　(D) as an illustration of the impact of the environment on religious beliefs 　　5. The word it in line 13 refers to 　　(A) realization 　　(B) society 　　(C) extent 　　(D) influence 　　6. It can be inferred that the author mentions the Japanese and Roman societies because 　　(A) they influenced each other stone 　　(B) commonly used by artists in all societies 　　(C) essential to create ceremonial objects 　　(D) they used the same artistic material in very different ways 　　7. According to the passage , all of the following statements about sand are true EXCEPT 　　(A) It is used to create glass. 　　(B) Roman artists mix it into their paints. 　　(C) Its use varies from culture to culture. 　　(D) Japanese artists use it to create artistic patterns. 　　8. The word Moreover in line 16 is closest in meaning to 　　(A) similarly 　　(B) in addition 　　(C) in contrast 　　(D) frequently 　　9. The word preoccupation in line 20 is closest in meaning to 　　(A) involvement 　　(B) separation 　　(C) relationship 　　(D) argument 　　10. The word primary in line 21 is closest in meaning to 　　(A) discrete 　　(B) preliminary 　　(C) ideal 　　(D) fundamental 答案： ​DACCB DBBAD 也许艺术创作反映人们生活方式的最明显方式是反映环境——一种文化可用的材料和技术。石头、木材、树皮、粘土和沙子是通常可用的材料。此外，根据地点的不同，还可以获得其他资源：贝壳、角、金、铜和银。人类学家对社会将这些材料用于的不同用途很感兴趣，他们可能会问，例如，当这两种材料都可用时，为什么人们选择使用粘土而不是铜。虽然目前还没有确凿的答案，但一个社会看待环境的方式有时在艺术材料的选择和使用中是显而易见的。例如，某些金属的使用可能保留用于具有特殊重要性的礼仪物品。或者，对石头或树木的超自然力量的信仰可能会导致雕塑家对这种材料敏感。 对人类学家来说，特别有意义的是认识到，尽管一个社会可用的材料可能在某种程度上限制或影响它在艺术上可以做的事情，但这些材料绝不能决定做什么。为什么日本社会的艺术家会耙耙和成图案;罗马社会的艺术家将沙子熔化成玻璃？此外，即使不同社会的成员以相同的方式使用相同的材料，作品的形式或风格也因文化而异。一个社会可能只是选择代表对其人口很重要的物体或现象。对中世纪艺术的考察告诉我们一些关于中世纪对神学教义的关注。除了揭示一个社会的主要关注点外，该社会的艺术内容还可能反映出文化的社会分层。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$