衔接点06 动词时态（将来时和过去时）（初高考点差异及衔接）-2024年初升高英语无忧衔接（通用版）

衔接点06 动词时态（将来时和过去时）（初高考点差异及衔接） 初中要求 学习一般将来时、一般过去时、过去进行时等时态的构成和用法，掌握了这些时态的使用范围。 高中要求 熟记各种时态的基本概念并掌握其用法, 另外还应特别注意以下几点: 把握各种时态的特点, 注意易混淆时态间的差异; 准确理解具体语境下时态的正确意义, 捕捉句子中所隐含的时间信息; 要克服汉语式的思维, 排除误导, 培养发散性思维。 【初中将来时和过去时考点聚焦】 考点1.一般将来时 1.—What’s your plan for the coming May Day holiday? —I 　　　a boat trip in the Yangtze River with my parents.  A.will take　　　　 B.took C.take　　　　 D.was taking 答案　A　考查一般将来时。根据问句可知是在询问将来的计划，答句应用一般将来时。故选A。 2.The company announced it 　　　one third of its bookstores the next year as more people chose to read e⁃books.  A.will close　　　　 B.would close C.will open　　　　 D.would open 答案　B　考查过去将来时。根据句意可知，公司要关闭三分之一的书店，所以排除C、D两项。本句为含有宾语从句的主从复合句，主句为一般过去时，从句应用与过去相关的时态，故选B。 考点2.一般过去时 1.—Can anyone give me an example of an event in the past? —I can. 　　　.  A.Shenzhou XVI will come back. B.Quan Hongchan won the gold medal. C.I am taking the English exam. D.My classmate is going to watch a film. 答案　B　考查一般过去时。由“Can anyone give me an example of an event in the past?”可知，设空处所描述的事情应发生在过去，时态应为一般过去时。故选B。 2.—Miss Hu， I haven’t seen you for a long time. —Yes. I 　　　as a volunteer nurse in Shanghai for a month. I came back yesterday.  A.worked　　　　 B.am working C.have worked　　　　 D.work 答案　A　考查一般过去时。根据“I came back yesterday.”可知，这里作为志愿者护士的动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时。故选A。 考点3.过去进行时 1.—Andy， what were you doing at this time yesterday afternoon? —I 　　　the film The Battle at Lake Changjin with my sister.  A.watch　　　　 B.watched C.was watching　　　　 D.am watching 答案　C　考查过去进行时。由时间状语at this time yesterday afternoon可知此处描述昨天下午某一时刻正在做的事，应该使用过去进行时。过去进行时的构成:was/were+doing。故选C。 2.—What do you think of the size of the storage box? —Sorry， but what did you say? I 　　　about something else.  A.think　　　　 B.thought C.am thinking　　　　 D.was thinking 答案　D　考查过去进行时。根据“but what did you say”可知，是询问对方刚才说了什么，因此刚才对方在说话时，“我”正在想别的事，应用过去进行时，故选D。 【高中将来时和过去时考点聚焦】 考纲解读 动词的时态和语态是历年高考的重点, 考生应熟记各种时态的基本概念并掌握其用法, 另外还应特别注意以下几点: 把握各种时态的特点, 注意易混淆时态间的差异; 准确理解具体语境下时态的正确意义, 捕捉句子中所隐含的时间信息; 要克服汉语式的思维, 排除误导, 培养发散性思维。 考点清单 考点一、一般将来时五种表达方法 要点精讲1：will/shall do表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，是最常见的一般将来时表达形式。注意will do还可以表示不以人的意志为转移的自然规律；表示临时性决定或打算，还可以用于“祈使句 + and + 陈述句”中。 例1：I shall be free this afternoon. 例2：My sister will be 18 next year. 例3：— George phoned while you were out. — Ok. I will phone him back. 例4：Work hard and you will succeed. 要点精讲2：be going to do也是一般将来时表达方式，表示推测时强调说话有充分依据，尤指天气变化。 例1：Are you going to play basketball after class? 例2：Look at those black clouds. It is going to rain. 要点精讲3：“be about to+动词原形”表示打算或据安排即将发生的动作。它不与表示时间的副词或其他时间状语连用。 例：The English evening is about to start. 要点精讲4：“be to+动词原形”表示约定的、计划中的或按职责、义务要求要发生的动作，这种动作通常是人的意志所能控制的，或用于征求意见。 例1：There is to be a slide show this afternoon. 例2：You are to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock. 要点精讲5：现在进行时表将来，这一结构常用于表示位置转移的动词，如come, go, leave, start, move, arrive等。 例1：I am leaving for Tibet on Sunday. 例2：When are you going back to your factory? 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 1.—Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment. —All right. I__________(call) him later. 2. Search the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you ___________(learn) a lot about firefighting 3. As you go through this book, you ________(find) that each of the millions of people who lived through World War II had a different experience. 4.More efforts, as reported, ___________(make) in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform. 5. Take an umbrella with you. Look at the black cloud, it is to rain.单句改错。 【答案与解析】 1. will call。这里will do表示临时性决定或打算。故答案是will call。 2. will learn。这是于“祈使句 + and + 陈述句”，陈述部分要求用will do形式。故答案是will learn。 3. will find。这是“主将从现”，主句应用一般将来时。故答案是will find。 4. will be made。in the years ahead表示“未来几年”，暗示用将来时；同时又是被三一。故答案是will be made。 5. to前加going。根据“Look at the black loud,”可知，根据某种迹象表明要发生的事情，用一般将来时be going to do的结构。故答案是to前加going。 考点二、一般将来进行时典型用法 要点精讲：将来进行时表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，常用的时间状语有by this time tomorrow等等。 例1：By this time tomorrow, I will be lying on the beach. 例2：Don't phone me between 8:00 and 10:00. We will be having classes then. 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 1. Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she _________(teach) a class at that time. 2. You'd better not phone the manager between 7 and 8 tomorrow evening; he ________ (have) an important meeting then. 【答案与解析】 1. will be teaching。将来进行时表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，at 3 o’clock this afternoon是关键。故答案是will be teaching。 2. will be having。根据between 7 and 8 tomorrow evening可知，此处是指未来具体时刻正在发生的事情，故用将来进行时，答案是will be having。 考点三、将来完成时两种典型用法 要点精讲1：一般将来完成时（will have done）表示将来某一时间或动作发生之前已经完成的动作，通常与before或by, by the end of, by the time…等结构连用。 例1：By the end of this month, we will have studied 10 units. 例2：When they move here next month, we will have lived in the city for 5 years. 要点精讲2：过去将来完成时（would have done）表示将来某一时间之前已经完成的动作，多与宾语从句和虚拟语气连用。 例1：I thought Sophia would have told you something. 例2：If we had found him earlier we would have saved his life. 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 1. On the next birthday, Ann _____________ (marry) for twenty years. 2. ---I hear that Jason is planning to buy a car. ---I know. By next month, he __________ (save) enough for a used one. 3.What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _____________ (have) a good time together. 4. Without the doctor's timely operation, the little girl ____________ (lose) her life. 5. We _____________ (put) John’s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury. 【答案与解析】 1. will have been married。On the next birthday暗示用将来时，结合语境“到明年生日，安妮将已经结婚20年”，be married表示“已婚”状态。故答案是will have been married。 2. will have saved。By next month是关键，表示将来某一时间或动作发生之前已经完成的动作。故答案是will have saved。 3. would have had。or引导含蓄条件句，句意为：真可惜！你错过了游览观光，否则的话我们会有一段美好时光的。表示与过去事实相反，应用would have done。故答案是would have had。 4. would have lost。Without the doctor's timely operation是含蓄条件句，后面表示与过去事实相反，应用would have done。故答案是would have lost。 5. would have put。结合句意“要不是约翰昨天受伤我原本要把他放进比赛名单。”，前半句表示与过去事实相反，故用would have done。故答案是would have put。 考点四、一般过去时三种典型用法 要点精讲1：一般过去时多表示过去已发生的动作，并有明确的时间状语，如the other day, yesterday, last week, in 1980等。 例1：Tom didn't come to class yesterday. 例2：Oh, John. I never thought I met you here. 要点精讲2：一般过去时表示过去的习惯性或经常发生的动作，常与often，usually，seldom等频度副词连用。 例：When I was in the countryside, I often called on my old friends there. 要点精讲3：一般过去时用于虚拟语气特定句型，表示与现在事实相反的情况，如I wish…., If only…., I would rather that…., It is time that…. 及if虚拟条件句等。 例1：I would rather you came tomorrow. 例2：It is high time that we had our lunch. 例3：I wish I were a bird, flying freely in the sky. 例4：If only I knew how to operate an electronic computer as you do. 例5：If I were you, I would try my best to grasp the chance. 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 1. The book has been translated into thirty languages since it _____________ (come) on the market in 1973. 2.I’m calling about the apartment you _____________ (advertise) the other day. Could you tell me more about it? 3.The famous musician, as well as his students, _____________(invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo. 4.The publication of Great Expectations, which _____________ (be) both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist. 5.I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but _____________ (hold) back thankfully by the shop window. 6. The three of us _____________ (travel) around Europe for about a month last summer. 7.Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene _______ (declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business. 8. How I wish every family _____________ (have) a large house with a beautiful garden! 9. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it look as if it _____________ (break). 10. Jack is a great talker. It’s high time that he _____________(do) something instead of just talking. 11. Sorry, I’m too busy now. If I _____________ (have) time, I would certainly go for an outing with you. 【答案与解析】 1. came。从句有明显时间状语in 1973，应用一般过去时。故答案是came。 2. advertised。从句有明显时间状语the other day，应用一般过去时。故答案是advertised。 3. was invited。句子有明显时间状语at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo，应用一般过去时。故答案是was invited。 4. was。结合语境这里描述过去的行为，应用一般过去时。故答案是was。 5. was held。hold back表示“阻止，隐瞒”，结合语境应用被动语态。故答案是was held。 6. travelled。本句是易错题，句子虽然有时间状语for about a month，但结合语境这里表示过去某段时间一直发生的事情。故答案是travelled。 7. declared。根据语境容易判断空白处应该使用一般过去时。故填declared。 8. had。结合语境从句与现在事实相反，故应用一般过去时。故答案是had。 9. were broken。it look as if…表示“看起来好像……”，从句与现在事实相反，应用一般过去时；结合语境应用被动语态。故答案是were broken。 10. did/should do。It is high/about time that..后面常用did或should do, should不能省，意为“早该……”。故答案是did/should do。 11. had。语境暗示从句与现在事实相反，应用一般过去时。故答案是had。 考点五、过去进行时四种典型用法 要点精讲1：过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，常有明确的时间状语暗示，如at 7:00 last night等。 例1：I was doing my homework at this time yesterday. 例2：She was playing the piano while I was reading the newspaper. 要点精讲2：过去进行时还可以表示过去一段时间内频繁发生或一直进行的动作。 例1：We were talking about you the whole morning. 例2：He was watching TV at home from 3:00 to 5:00 yesterday afternoon. 要点精讲3：go, come ,leave等瞬间动词的过去进行时表示将要发生的动作。 例：She said she was leaving for New York the next month. 要点精讲4：过去进行时用于as, when, while等状语从句，表示另一动作发生的背景。 例1：It was snowing as the medical team made its way to the front. 例2：Tom slipped into the house when no one was looking. 要点精讲5：always, forever, continually, constantly频度副词与过去进行时连用表示赞扬，抱怨等感情色彩。 例1：The girl was always changing her mind. 例2：In the past he was constantly asking me for money. 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 1. Her mother _____________ (cook) in the kitchen at this time yesterday. 2. I’d like to know what you ______________(do) at 9:00 last night. 3. We went to the reading-room to do some reading, only to be told that it _____________ (decorate). 4. She _____________ (phone) someone, so I nodded to her and went away. 5. Jim _____________ (watch) a late night film at home when, right in the middle of a thrilling scene, the television went blank. 6. I _____________(clean) the streets in our neighborhood this time yesterday when you called me. 7. During the period of recent terrorist activities, people _____________(always warn) not to touch any unattended bag. 8. He must have sensed that I _____________ (look) at him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly, "Why are you staring at me like that?" 9. Jack _____________ (work) in the lab when the power cut occurred. 【答案与解析】 1. was cooking。时间状语at this time yesterday表明过去某时正在发生的动作，应用过去进行时。故答案是was cooking。 2. were doing。时间状语at 9:00 last night表明过去某时正在发生的动作，应用过去进行时。故答案是were doing。 3. was being decorated。结合语境表示该段时间内一直进行的动作---装修图书馆。故答案是was being decorated。 4. was phoning。结合语境“她正在给别人打电话，我对她点头走开了。”故答案是was phoning。 5. was watching。结合语境这是was doing…when…句式。故答案是was watching。 6. was cleaning。结合语境这是was doing…when…句式。故答案是was cleaning。 7. were always being warned。always与过去进行时连用，表示过去某段时间内一直进行的动作（被频繁提醒）；又是被动含义。故答案是were always being warned。 8. was looking。结合语境判断这里表示当时在进行的动作，故用过去进行时。故答案是was looking。 9. was working。这是was doing…when…句式。是故答案是was working。 考点六、过去完成时四种典型用法 要点精讲1：过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某一时间之前或过去某一动作之前已经完成。句中常用by, by the end of, be the time…引导的时间状语或以before, until, when, than等词引导的内含一般过去时的时间状语从句。概括为：过去的过去。 例1：By 5:00 yesterday morning we had done that work. 例2：I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university. 要点精讲2：intend, mean, hope, want, plan, suppose, expect, think等动词的过去完成时可以用来表示一个本来打算做而未做的事。 例1：They had wanted to help but couldn't get here in time. 例2：I had intended to call on you, but was prevented from doing so. 要点精讲3：在 It was the first/second/third…time that…句型中，that引导的定语从句要用过去完成时。 例1：This was the first time they had met in thirty-nine years. 例2：It was the fourth time she had shopped online for hours. 要点精讲3：在hardly/scarcely … when…和no sooner… than…句型中，主句常用过去完成时。 例1：She hardly had gone to bed when the bell rang. 例2：No sooner had they left the building than a bomb exploded. 要点精讲4：过去完成时用于虚拟语气特定句型，表示与过去事实相反的情况，如I wish…., If only…., I would rather that….及if虚拟条件句等。 例1：I wish that I had seen her yesterday. 例2：I felt as though we had known each other for years. 例3：If only I had known her earlier! 例4：I would rather I hadn't seen that film yesterday. 例5：If it had not rained this morning, I should have gone shopping. 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 1. Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time-consuming than we _____________ (expect). 2.Just as I got to the school gate, I realized I _____________ (leave) my bank in the cafe. 3.Silk____________(become) one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC. 4.In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones __________ (not invent) yet. 5. I _____________(plan) to help you but couldn’t get here in time. 6. I _________(hope) to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I couldn't manage it. 7. There was a knock on the door. It was the second time someone _____________(interrupt) me that evening. 8. That was the first time she _____________ (leave) alone at home during the weekends, bored to death. 9. She ________ no sooner _________(get) to the office than she got down to writing the report. 10. Hardly had I arrived home when the telephone _____________ (ring). 11. If we _____________ (catch) the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach. 12. How I wish I _____________(buy) that skirt when it was available! Ugh! I regret it every time. 13.—Did you have difficulty finding Ann' house? —Not really. She _____________ (give) us clear directions and we were able to find it easily. 【答案与解析】 1. had expected。结合语境应用过去完成时表示“过去的过去”。故答案是had expected。 2. had left。结合语境应用过去完成时表示“过去的过去”。故答案是had left。 3. had become。by about 100 BC是解答本题关键，应用过去完成时。故答案是had become。 4. hadn’t been invented。结合语境应用过去完成时表示“过去的过去”；又是被动含义。故答案是hadn’t been invented。 5. had planned。intend, mean, hope, want, plan, suppose, expect, think等动词的过去完成时可以用来表示一个本来打算做而未做的事。故答案是had planned。 6. had hoped。intend, mean, hope, want, plan, suppose, expect, think等动词的过去完成时可以用来表示一个本来打算做而未做的事。故答案是had hoped。 7. had interrupted。在 It was the first/second/third…time that…句型中，that引导的定语从句要用过去完成时。故答案是had interrupted。 8. had left。在 It/That was the first/second/third…time that…句型中，that引导的定语从句要用过去完成时。故答案是had left。 9. had; got。在hardly/scarcely … when…和no sooner… than…句型中，主句常用过去完成时。故答案是had; got。 10. rang。在hardly/scarcely … when…和no sooner… than…句型中，主句常用过去完成时，从句仍用一般过去时。故答案是rang。 11. had caught。这时if虚拟条件句，从句与过去事实相反应用过去完成时。故答案是had caught。 12. had bought。I wish that….从句与过去事实相反应用过去完成时。故答案是had bought。 13. had given。结合语境“给我们清楚指导”发生在前，应用过去完成时。故答案是had given。 考点七、过去将来时三种典型用法 要点精讲1：一般过去将来时是由“should/would + 动词原形”构成，表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作，多用于主从复合句中。 例1：He said they would arrange a party. 例2：He asked me yesterday when I should leave for Paris. 要点精讲2：用于was/were about to do…when…句型，表示：正要……这时发生另一件事。was/were to do 也可以用于过去将来时。 例：I was about to start when it suddenly began to rain. 要点精讲3：过去将来时用于虚拟语气特定句型，表示与将来事实相反的情况，如I wish…., If only…., I would rather that….及if虚拟条件句等。 例1：I wish he would go with me to the cinema tonight. 例2：If I had a chance to study abroad, I would study at Cambridge University. 1. Did you predict that many students _____________ (sign) up for the dance competition? 2. He was about to go to bed ________ there was a knock on the door. 3. When he _____________ (open) the door, he found his keys were nowhere. 4.At college, Barack Obama didn’t know that he _____________ (become) the first black president of the United States of America. 5. If he had spent more time practising speaking English before, he ________(be) able to speak it much better now. 6. If the captain had been more careful, his ship _____________ (sink). 7.What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _____________ (have) a good time together. 【答案与解析】 1. would sign。Did you predict是解答本题的关键，暗示应用过去将来时。故答案是would sign。 2. when。这是was/were about to do sth. when...句型。故答案是when。 3. was to open。结合语境这里应用过去将来时表示从当时看将要发生的动作“将要开门”。故答案是was to open。 4. was to become。结合语境这里应用过去将来时表示从当时看将要发生的动作“将要成为美国第一位黑人总统”。故答案是was to become。 5. would be。本句是虚拟语气含蓄条件句，now说明主句与现在事实相反，应用would do。故答案是would be。 6. wouldn’t have sunk。结合语境主从句与过去事实相反，主句应用would have done，且是否定形式。故答案是wouldn’t have sunk。 7. would have had。or引导含蓄条件句，句意为：真可惜！你错过了游览观光，否则的话我们会有一段美好时光的。表示与过去事实相反，应用would have done。故答案是would have had。 1、 单句语法填空 1.The median(中位数的) age of an American in 1950 (be) 30 — today it is 41 and is expected to increase to 42 by 2050. 2.This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers (carry) special significance. 3.The artist was sure he would (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed. 4.I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ______(make) over the years. 5.When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody (have) to worry about fashion(时尚). 6.In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut ______(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements 7.One study in America found that students’ grades ______(improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. 8. Your older sister ____________(leave) tomorrow morning and you’d better get up early to see her off. 9. No decision ____________(make) until all the members have approved of this plan. 10. Over the years, many things (add) to the story of St Nicholas, changing him to the Father Christmas we know of today. 11. Every man worker and every woman worker (enjoy) free medical care in this company. 12. Not only you and I but also Peter, the top student in our school, (be) not able to solve the problem. 13. The father as well as his three children ____________(go) skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter. 14. Engineers (set) up over 15,000 sensors(传感器) nationwide and wiring them into a web. 15. The treatment continued and finally the deep, bloody pain ______(be) 100% healed. 16. Either the beautiful sights of this modern city or its local custom (attract) thousands of visitors during the past years. 17. I think the middle school students should (forbid) to use smart phones at school. 18. It __________(estimate) that not less than half a million people died in the famine. 19. People used to believe that dirt __________(generate) disease. 20. The junior clerk was alarmed when he _____(witness) the robbery in his office. 1.【答案】was 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：1950年美国人年龄的中位数是30岁，今天是41岁，预计到2050年将增加到42岁。结合上文in 1950可知应用一般过去时，且主语为The median age of an American，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故填was。 2.【答案】carries 【解析】考查一般现在时和主谓一致。why引导表语从句，从句中主语为动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，由整篇文章语境可知，此处应用一般现在时，故填carries。 3.【答案】be chosen 【解析】考查动词语态。句意：画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时，这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系，且would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。 4.【答案】have made 【解析】考查动词时态。根据该定语从句中时间状语over the years可知，此处用现在完成时态，句意：我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。故填have made。 5.【答案】will have/has 【解析】考查时态。句意：当每个学生在校穿校服时，没有人会担心时尚问题。本句是when引导的时间状语从句，遵循主将从现原则，因此，主句可以使用将来时will do；根据语境可知，本文叙述的是客观事实，因此，本句亦可用一般现在时，主语是nobody，谓语用has。故填will have/has。 6.【答案】have reported 【解析】考查时态。根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语in recent years可知，主句用现在完成时态，故填have reported。 7.【答案】improved 【解析】考查时态。句意：美国的一项研究发现，在学校引入校服后，学生的成绩有所提高。本句是after引导的时间状语从句，前后时态保持一致，从句使用了一般过去式，主句用一般过去式。故填improved。 8.【答案】is leaving 【解析】考查现在进行时表将来。句意：你的姐姐明天早上就要离开了，你最好起早点去为她送行。此处用现在进行时表按照计划安排好的将要发生的事情。 9.【答案】will be made 【解析】考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意：直到所有的成员都同意这个计划，才能作出决定。根据句意可如，make所表示的动作还未发生，故用一般将来时；decision与make之间是被动关系，故用一般将来时的被动语态。 10.【答案】have been added 【解析】考查动词的时态与主谓一致。句意：多年来，圣尼古拉斯的故事中增加了许多东西，把他变成了我们今天所知道的圣诞老人。时间状语over the years（这么多年来），指的是一种从几年前持续到现在的一种情况，因此通常与现在完成时连用。主语many things是复数形式，故填have been added。 11.【答案】enjoys 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在这家公司里，男女职工都享受免费医疗。every+单数名词+and+every+单数名词，强调的依然是个体，谓语动词用单数。根据句意可知用一般现在时。故填enjoys。 12.【答案】is 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：不仅你和我，而且我们学校的尖子生皮特都不能解决这个问题。描述主语现在的状态，用一般现在时；Not only...but also...连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词需要和就近的主语保持单复数一致，这里较近的主语是Peter，所以be动词要用单数形式，故填is。 13.【答案】goes 【解析】考查一般现在时态和主谓一致。句意：冬天的每个星期天下午，父亲和他的三个孩子都要在结冰的河上滑冰。as well as连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词应与前边的主语保持人称和数的一致，即句子的主语是the father，应用单数；由every Sunday afternoon in winter可知应用一般现在时态。 14.【答案】are setting 【解析】考查现在进行时态。句意：工程师们正在全国范围内安装超过15000个传感器，并将它们连接到一个网络上。根据后面and并列的动词wiring及句意可知，这里用现在进行时。 15.【答案】was 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：治疗继续进行，最后，疼痛完全治愈了。此处的主语是pain,是抽象名词，时间是过去，与谓语动词heal之间是被动关系，故用be的单数的过去式形式。 16.【答案】has attracted 【解析】考查现在完成时与主谓一致。句意：无论是这座现代化城市的美丽景色还是当地的风俗习惯在过去的这些年都已经吸引了成千上万的游客。由during the past years可知，这句话使用现在完成时。“either...or...”作主语时，谓语动词形式与or后主语保持一致，its local custom是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词也应使用第三人称单数形式。 17.【答案】be forbidden 【解析】考查语态。句意：我认为中学生应该被禁止在学校使用智能手机。宾语从句中主语middle school students与forbid之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。根据情态动词should可知，后接动词原形。故填be forbidden。 18.【答案】is estimated 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：据估计，至少有50万人死于那场饥荒。分析句子可知，It为形式主语，that引导主语从句为真正主语，此处estimate与后面的从句构成动宾关系，因此，本句要用被动语态，描述一个客观的事实，用一般现在时，构成It is estimated that...句型。故填is estimated。 19.【答案】generated 【解析】考查动词。句意：人们过去常常相信污垢会产生疾病。that后为从句，generate为从句谓语，与主句时态保持一致，应该用一般过去时。故填generated。 20.【答案】witnessed 【解析】考查时态。句意：那个小职员目睹办公室里发生的抢劫案，吓了一跳。根据主句时态可知，用一般过去时。根据句意，故填witnessed。 二．语篇填空 Japan says it will start releasing radioactive water from the destroyed Fukushima nuclear center into the sea beginning in two years. The polluted water is 1  (treat) before it is released into the Pacific Ocean. The government announced the plan Tuesday and said it had been approved by cabinet ministers. The decision had long been expected, but faced delays linked to safety concerns and public 2  (opposite). Japan has said three reactors (反应堆) there suffered meltdowns after the 2011 earthquake and huge ocean wave destroyed the plant’s 3  (cool) systems. The disaster forced 160,000 people to flee 4  (pollute) areas around the plant. Tokyo Electric Power Company, or TEPCO, operates the nuclear center. It is carrying out the cleanup. Japanese Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga said the government 5  (decide) the ocean release was the most realistic way  6 (solve) the water storage problem. Other methods considered included injecting the water into the ground or converting it to steam or hydrogen 7  then releasing it into the atmosphere. The government describes the water to be released  8 “treated” and not ”radioactive”. But experts say that 100 percent of radioactive materials cannot be removed. Government officials say tritium (氚) is the only substance 9 cannot be removed from the water. They say tritium is not considered  10 (harm) in small amounts. 1. to be treated 2. opposition 3. cooling 4. polluted 5. had decided 6. to solve 7. and 8. as 9. that 10. harmful 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。日本表示，将在两年内开始从被毁的福岛核电站向海洋释放核污染水。日本政府官员甚至还说，氚是唯一不能从水中去除的物质，但是氚在少量时不被认为是有害的。 1. 考查动词不定式被动形式。句意：被污染的水在排入太平洋之前要经过处理。根据句子意思判断，这里表示一个将来的或未进行的被动动作，应该用不定式被动形式。故填to be treated。 2. 考查名词。根据句子结构判断，此空在形容词后，应用名词形式，和前面的名词concerns并列。故填opposition。 3. 考查现在分词。根据句子结构判断，此空在名词前，提示词又是动词，应该用现在分词做定语，表示“冷却的”。故填cooling。 4. 考查过去分词。句意：这场灾难迫使16万人逃离核电站周围受污染的地区。根据句子结构判断，此空在名词前，提示词又是动词，应该用过去分词做定语，表示“被污染的”。故填polluted。 5. 考查动词时态。此空用在宾语从句中，这时应该考虑主从句时态的呼应，主句用的是一般过去时，因此这里应用过去完成时。故填had decided。 6. 考查不定式。名词后的定语可以用“of doing ...”或：“to do ...”来表示。故填to solve。 7. 考查连词。句意：考虑的其他方法包括将水注入地下或将其转化为蒸汽或氢，然后释放到大气中。此空应用连词and，和后面的then构成and then，意为“然后”。故填and。 8. 考查介词。句意：政府将要排放的水描述为“经过处理的”而不是“放射性的”。describe ... as ...意为“把...描述成为...”，是一个固定搭配。故填as。 9. 考查定语从句。此空应该是定语从句引导词，同时在从句中做主语。另外，先行词前有the only来修饰，不能用which。故填that。 10. 考查形容词。句意：他们说，氚在少量时不被认为是有害的。consider后面可接doing或sb. / sth. (to do / to be) + adj.，变成被动形式后，成为be considered (to do / to be) + adj.。故填harmful。 How does your teacher make you sit—in rows or in groups? How would you like to sit? Does sitting in rows make you feel good or does it make you feel lonely? Do you feel that sitting in a group and discussing things makes you learn more in an easier way? In the last 30 years or so, experts on teaching methods have thought about these questions. They felt that sitting in rows was not very useful to children, and that they learnt easier and better when they sat around a table in a group. That way, they could also learn to get along with others and exchange ideas easily. However, it seems they were not quite right. At least Nigel Hastings, professor of Nottingham Trent University. does not think so. He has been researching classroom behavior for the last 20 years in England. His conclusion(结论）is that children work much better when they sit in rows than sitting around in groups. His study found that students wasted a lot of time talking when they were placed in groups. When children were made to sit singly or in pairs and not in groups as they were used to, they were more attentive(专注的)to their work. Right now, most primary school students in England are seated in groups of four and six. according to Sunday Times. So the report of Nigel's study could make a big difference to how they will sit and learn. 1. Why did some experts think sitting in groups was better? 2. What's the conclusion of Nigel's study? 3. What happened when students sat in groups in Nigel's study? 4. How are the most pupils in England seated nowadays? 5. Would you like to sit in groups or in rows? Why? 长难句分析 原句：（第二段第二句)They felt that sitting in rows was not very useful to children, and that they learnt easier and better when they sat around a table in a group. 译文：他们认为，按排坐对孩子们来说没有多大用处，而当他们围坐在一张桌子旁时，他们学得更容易、更好。 分析：本句是一个复合句。其中that sitting in rows... to children 和 that they learnt easier...in a group 均为that引导的宾语从句，作felt的宾语。在第二个that引导的宾语从句中，包含一个when引导的时间状语从句。 译文 你的老师是如何安排座位的，是按排坐还是按小组坐呢？你想怎么坐呢？坐成一排让你感觉舒适，还是会让你感到孤独？你是否会感觉按小组来坐，可以小组讨论，会让你学习更容易呢？ 在过去30多年里，研究教学方法的专家对这些问题进行了思考。他们认为按排坐对孩子们来说没有多大用处，而当他们围坐在一张桌子旁时，他们学起来更容易、效果更好。这样一来，他们也能学会与他人相处，方便交流思想。 然而，这种看法似乎并不完全正确。至少Nottingham Trent 大学的教授 NigelHastings并不这么认为。二十年来，他一直在英国研究课堂行为。他的结论是，孩子们按排坐比按小组坐学得更好。 他的研究发现，当学生们按小组坐时，他们浪费了很多时间交谈。当孩子们被安排单独或两个人坐而不是像他们习惯的那样坐在一起时，他们更专注于自己的学习。 据Sunday Times报道，目前，英国的大部分小学生是按四人或者六人一组分组坐的。因此Nigel的研究报告可能会对他们的坐法和学习方式产生很大影响。 参考答案： 1.Because they felt that students learnt easier and better when they sat in a group. 根据第二段第二句“They felt that sitting in rows was not very useful to children, and that they learnt easier and better when they sat around a table in a group.”可知，专家们认为，按排坐对孩子们来说没有多大用处，而当他们围坐在一张桌子旁时，他们学得更容易、更好。故一些专家认为按小组坐更好，是因为他们认为按小组坐时学生们学得更容易、更好。 2. Children work much better when they sit in rows than sitting in groups. 根据第三段最后一句“His conclusion is that children work much better...than sitting in groups.”可知，Nigel Hastings的结论是，孩子们安排坐时比按小组坐学得更好。 3. They wasted a lot of time talking. 根据倒数第二段第一句“His study found that students wasted a lot of time talking when they were placed in groups.”可知，在Nigel的研究中，当孩子们按小组坐时,他们浪费了很多时间用来交谈。 4. They are seated in groups of four and six.根据最后一段第一句中的“Right now, most primary school students in England are seated ingroups of four and six”可知，目前，英国的大部分小学生是按四人或者六人一组分组坐的。 5.I like to sit in rows because it helps me focus on what the teacher is teaching.(答案不唯一） 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 衔接点06 动词时态（将来时和过去时）（初高考点差异及衔接） 初中要求 学习一般将来时、一般过去时、过去进行时等时态的构成和用法，掌握了这些时态的使用范围。 高中要求 熟记各种时态的基本概念并掌握其用法, 另外还应特别注意以下几点: 把握各种时态的特点, 注意易混淆时态间的差异; 准确理解具体语境下时态的正确意义, 捕捉句子中所隐含的时间信息; 要克服汉语式的思维, 排除误导, 培养发散性思维。 【初中将来时和过去时考点聚焦】 考点1.一般将来时 1.—What’s your plan for the coming May Day holiday? —I 　　　a boat trip in the Yangtze River with my parents.  A.will take　　　　 B.took C.take　　　　 D.was taking 2.The company announced it 　　　one third of its bookstores the next year as more people chose to read e⁃books.  A.will close　　　　 B.would close C.will open　　　　 D.would open 考点2.一般过去时 1.—Can anyone give me an example of an event in the past? —I can. 　　　.  A.Shenzhou XVI will come back. B.Quan Hongchan won the gold medal. C.I am taking the English exam. D.My classmate is going to watch a film. 2.—Miss Hu， I haven’t seen you for a long time. —Yes. I 　　　as a volunteer nurse in Shanghai for a month. I came back yesterday.  A.worked　　　　 B.am working C.have worked　　　　 D.work 考点3.过去进行时 1.—Andy， what were you doing at this time yesterday afternoon? —I 　　　the film The Battle at Lake Changjin with my sister.  A.watch　　　　 B.watched C.was watching　　　　 D.am watching 2.—What do you think of the size of the storage box? —Sorry， but what did you say? I 　　　about something else.  A.think　　　　 B.thought C.am thinking　　　　 D.was thinking 【高中将来时和过去时考点聚焦】 考纲解读 动词的时态和语态是历年高考的重点, 考生应熟记各种时态的基本概念并掌握其用法, 另外还应特别注意以下几点: 把握各种时态的特点, 注意易混淆时态间的差异; 准确理解具体语境下时态的正确意义, 捕捉句子中所隐含的时间信息; 要克服汉语式的思维, 排除误导, 培养发散性思维。 考点清单 考点一、一般将来时五种表达方法 要点精讲1：will/shall do表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，是最常见的一般将来时表达形式。注意will do还可以表示不以人的意志为转移的自然规律；表示临时性决定或打算，还可以用于“祈使句 + and + 陈述句”中。 例1：I shall be free this afternoon. 例2：My sister will be 18 next year. 例3：— George phoned while you were out. — Ok. I will phone him back. 例4：Work hard and you will succeed. 要点精讲2：be going to do也是一般将来时表达方式，表示推测时强调说话有充分依据，尤指天气变化。 例1：Are you going to play basketball after class? 例2：Look at those black clouds. It is going to rain. 要点精讲3：“be about to+动词原形”表示打算或据安排即将发生的动作。它不与表示时间的副词或其他时间状语连用。 例：The English evening is about to start. 要点精讲4：“be to+动词原形”表示约定的、计划中的或按职责、义务要求要发生的动作，这种动作通常是人的意志所能控制的，或用于征求意见。 例1：There is to be a slide show this afternoon. 例2：You are to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock. 要点精讲5：现在进行时表将来，这一结构常用于表示位置转移的动词，如come, go, leave, start, move, arrive等。 例1：I am leaving for Tibet on Sunday. 例2：When are you going back to your factory? 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 1.—Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment. —All right. I__________(call) him later. 2. Search the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you ___________(learn) a lot about firefighting 3. As you go through this book, you ________(find) that each of the millions of people who lived through World War II had a different experience. 4.More efforts, as reported, ___________(make) in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform. 5. Take an umbrella with you. Look at the black cloud, it is to rain.单句改错。 考点二、一般将来进行时典型用法 要点精讲：将来进行时表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，常用的时间状语有by this time tomorrow等等。 例1：By this time tomorrow, I will be lying on the beach. 例2：Don't phone me between 8:00 and 10:00. We will be having classes then. 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 1. Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she _________(teach) a class at that time. 2. You'd better not phone the manager between 7 and 8 tomorrow evening; he ________ (have) an important meeting then. 考点三、将来完成时两种典型用法 要点精讲1：一般将来完成时（will have done）表示将来某一时间或动作发生之前已经完成的动作，通常与before或by, by the end of, by the time…等结构连用。 例1：By the end of this month, we will have studied 10 units. 例2：When they move here next month, we will have lived in the city for 5 years. 要点精讲2：过去将来完成时（would have done）表示将来某一时间之前已经完成的动作，多与宾语从句和虚拟语气连用。 例1：I thought Sophia would have told you something. 例2：If we had found him earlier we would have saved his life. 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 1. On the next birthday, Ann _____________ (marry) for twenty years. 2. ---I hear that Jason is planning to buy a car. ---I know. By next month, he __________ (save) enough for a used one. 3.What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _____________ (have) a good time together. 4. Without the doctor's timely operation, the little girl ____________ (lose) her life. 5. We _____________ (put) John’s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury. 考点四、一般过去时三种典型用法 要点精讲1：一般过去时多表示过去已发生的动作，并有明确的时间状语，如the other day, yesterday, last week, in 1980等。 例1：Tom didn't come to class yesterday. 例2：Oh, John. I never thought I met you here. 要点精讲2：一般过去时表示过去的习惯性或经常发生的动作，常与often，usually，seldom等频度副词连用。 例：When I was in the countryside, I often called on my old friends there. 要点精讲3：一般过去时用于虚拟语气特定句型，表示与现在事实相反的情况，如I wish…., If only…., I would rather that…., It is time that…. 及if虚拟条件句等。 例1：I would rather you came tomorrow. 例2：It is high time that we had our lunch. 例3：I wish I were a bird, flying freely in the sky. 例4：If only I knew how to operate an electronic computer as you do. 例5：If I were you, I would try my best to grasp the chance. 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 1. The book has been translated into thirty languages since it _____________ (come) on the market in 1973. 2.I’m calling about the apartment you _____________ (advertise) the other day. Could you tell me more about it? 3.The famous musician, as well as his students, _____________(invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo. 4.The publication of Great Expectations, which _____________ (be) both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist. 5.I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but _____________ (hold) back thankfully by the shop window. 6. The three of us _____________ (travel) around Europe for about a month last summer. 7.Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene _______ (declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business. 8. How I wish every family _____________ (have) a large house with a beautiful garden! 9. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it look as if it _____________ (break). 10. Jack is a great talker. It’s high time that he _____________(do) something instead of just talking. 11. Sorry, I’m too busy now. If I _____________ (have) time, I would certainly go for an outing with you. 考点五、过去进行时四种典型用法 要点精讲1：过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，常有明确的时间状语暗示，如at 7:00 last night等。 例1：I was doing my homework at this time yesterday. 例2：She was playing the piano while I was reading the newspaper. 要点精讲2：过去进行时还可以表示过去一段时间内频繁发生或一直进行的动作。 例1：We were talking about you the whole morning. 例2：He was watching TV at home from 3:00 to 5:00 yesterday afternoon. 要点精讲3：go, come ,leave等瞬间动词的过去进行时表示将要发生的动作。 例：She said she was leaving for New York the next month. 要点精讲4：过去进行时用于as, when, while等状语从句，表示另一动作发生的背景。 例1：It was snowing as the medical team made its way to the front. 例2：Tom slipped into the house when no one was looking. 要点精讲5：always, forever, continually, constantly频度副词与过去进行时连用表示赞扬，抱怨等感情色彩。 例1：The girl was always changing her mind. 例2：In the past he was constantly asking me for money. 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 1. Her mother _____________ (cook) in the kitchen at this time yesterday. 2. I’d like to know what you ______________(do) at 9:00 last night. 3. We went to the reading-room to do some reading, only to be told that it _____________ (decorate). 4. She _____________ (phone) someone, so I nodded to her and went away. 5. Jim _____________ (watch) a late night film at home when, right in the middle of a thrilling scene, the television went blank. 6. I _____________(clean) the streets in our neighborhood this time yesterday when you called me. 7. During the period of recent terrorist activities, people _____________(always warn) not to touch any unattended bag. 8. He must have sensed that I _____________ (look) at him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly, "Why are you staring at me like that?" 9. Jack _____________ (work) in the lab when the power cut occurred. 考点六、过去完成时四种典型用法 要点精讲1：过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某一时间之前或过去某一动作之前已经完成。句中常用by, by the end of, be the time…引导的时间状语或以before, until, when, than等词引导的内含一般过去时的时间状语从句。概括为：过去的过去。 例1：By 5:00 yesterday morning we had done that work. 例2：I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university. 要点精讲2：intend, mean, hope, want, plan, suppose, expect, think等动词的过去完成时可以用来表示一个本来打算做而未做的事。 例1：They had wanted to help but couldn't get here in time. 例2：I had intended to call on you, but was prevented from doing so. 要点精讲3：在 It was the first/second/third…time that…句型中，that引导的定语从句要用过去完成时。 例1：This was the first time they had met in thirty-nine years. 例2：It was the fourth time she had shopped online for hours. 要点精讲3：在hardly/scarcely … when…和no sooner… than…句型中，主句常用过去完成时。 例1：She hardly had gone to bed when the bell rang. 例2：No sooner had they left the building than a bomb exploded. 要点精讲4：过去完成时用于虚拟语气特定句型，表示与过去事实相反的情况，如I wish…., If only…., I would rather that….及if虚拟条件句等。 例1：I wish that I had seen her yesterday. 例2：I felt as though we had known each other for years. 例3：If only I had known her earlier! 例4：I would rather I hadn't seen that film yesterday. 例5：If it had not rained this morning, I should have gone shopping. 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 1. Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time-consuming than we _____________ (expect). 2.Just as I got to the school gate, I realized I _____________ (leave) my bank in the cafe. 3.Silk____________(become) one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC. 4.In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones __________ (not invent) yet. 5. I _____________(plan) to help you but couldn’t get here in time. 6. I _________(hope) to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I couldn't manage it. 7. There was a knock on the door. It was the second time someone _____________(interrupt) me that evening. 8. That was the first time she _____________ (leave) alone at home during the weekends, bored to death. 9. She ________ no sooner _________(get) to the office than she got down to writing the report. 10. Hardly had I arrived home when the telephone _____________ (ring). 11. If we _____________ (catch) the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach. 12. How I wish I _____________(buy) that skirt when it was available! Ugh! I regret it every time. 13.—Did you have difficulty finding Ann' house? —Not really. She _____________ (give) us clear directions and we were able to find it easily. 考点七、过去将来时三种典型用法 要点精讲1：一般过去将来时是由“should/would + 动词原形”构成，表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作，多用于主从复合句中。 例1：He said they would arrange a party. 例2：He asked me yesterday when I should leave for Paris. 要点精讲2：用于was/were about to do…when…句型，表示：正要……这时发生另一件事。was/were to do 也可以用于过去将来时。 例：I was about to start when it suddenly began to rain. 要点精讲3：过去将来时用于虚拟语气特定句型，表示与将来事实相反的情况，如I wish…., If only…., I would rather that….及if虚拟条件句等。 例1：I wish he would go with me to the cinema tonight. 例2：If I had a chance to study abroad, I would study at Cambridge University. 1. Did you predict that many students _____________ (sign) up for the dance competition? 2. He was about to go to bed ________ there was a knock on the door. 3. When he _____________ (open) the door, he found his keys were nowhere. 4.At college, Barack Obama didn’t know that he _____________ (become) the first black president of the United States of America. 5. If he had spent more time practising speaking English before, he ________(be) able to speak it much better now. 6. If the captain had been more careful, his ship _____________ (sink). 7.What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _____________ (have) a good time together. 1、 单句语法填空 1.The median(中位数的) age of an American in 1950 (be) 30 — today it is 41 and is expected to increase to 42 by 2050. 2.This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers (carry) special significance. 3.The artist was sure he would (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed. 4.I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ______(make) over the years. 5.When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody (have) to worry about fashion(时尚). 6.In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut ______(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements 7.One study in America found that students’ grades ______(improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. 8. Your older sister ____________(leave) tomorrow morning and you’d better get up early to see her off. 9. No decision ____________(make) until all the members have approved of this plan. 10. Over the years, many things (add) to the story of St Nicholas, changing him to the Father Christmas we know of today. 11. Every man worker and every woman worker (enjoy) free medical care in this company. 12. Not only you and I but also Peter, the top student in our school, (be) not able to solve the problem. 13. The father as well as his three children ____________(go) skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter. 14. Engineers (set) up over 15,000 sensors(传感器) nationwide and wiring them into a web. 15. The treatment continued and finally the deep, bloody pain ______(be) 100% healed. 16. Either the beautiful sights of this modern city or its local custom (attract) thousands of visitors during the past years. 17. I think the middle school students should (forbid) to use smart phones at school. 18. It __________(estimate) that not less than half a million people died in the famine. 19. People used to believe that dirt __________(generate) disease. 20. The junior clerk was alarmed when he _____(witness) the robbery in his office. 二．语篇填空 Japan says it will start releasing radioactive water from the destroyed Fukushima nuclear center into the sea beginning in two years. The polluted water is 1  (treat) before it is released into the Pacific Ocean. The government announced the plan Tuesday and said it had been approved by cabinet ministers. The decision had long been expected, but faced delays linked to safety concerns and public 2  (opposite). Japan has said three reactors (反应堆) there suffered meltdowns after the 2011 earthquake and huge ocean wave destroyed the plant’s 3  (cool) systems. The disaster forced 160,000 people to flee 4  (pollute) areas around the plant. Tokyo Electric Power Company, or TEPCO, operates the nuclear center. It is carrying out the cleanup. Japanese Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga said the government 5  (decide) the ocean release was the most realistic way  6 (solve) the water storage problem. Other methods considered included injecting the water into the ground or converting it to steam or hydrogen 7  then releasing it into the atmosphere. The government describes the water to be released  8 “treated” and not ”radioactive”. But experts say that 100 percent of radioactive materials cannot be removed. Government officials say tritium (氚) is the only substance 9 cannot be removed from the water. They say tritium is not considered  10 (harm) in small amounts. How does your teacher make you sit—in rows or in groups? How would you like to sit? Does sitting in rows make you feel good or does it make you feel lonely? Do you feel that sitting in a group and discussing things makes you learn more in an easier way? In the last 30 years or so, experts on teaching methods have thought about these questions. They felt that sitting in rows was not very useful to children, and that they learnt easier and better when they sat around a table in a group. That way, they could also learn to get along with others and exchange ideas easily. However, it seems they were not quite right. At least Nigel Hastings, professor of Nottingham Trent University. does not think so. He has been researching classroom behavior for the last 20 years in England. His conclusion(结论）is that children work much better when they sit in rows than sitting around in groups. His study found that students wasted a lot of time talking when they were placed in groups. When children were made to sit singly or in pairs and not in groups as they were used to, they were more attentive(专注的)to their work. Right now, most primary school students in England are seated in groups of four and six. according to Sunday Times. So the report of Nigel's study could make a big difference to how they will sit and learn. 1. Why did some experts think sitting in groups was better? 2. What's the conclusion of Nigel's study? 3. What happened when students sat in groups in Nigel's study? 4. How are the most pupils in England seated nowadays? 5. Would you like to sit in groups or in rows? Why? 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$