内容正文:
衔接点04 数词(小初考点差异及衔接)
小学要求
1.基数词:表示数目的多少
2.序数词:表示顺序先后
初中要求
1.基数词的读写和应用;
2.序数词的读写和应用。
3.分数、小数、百分数及其他用法
【小学数词考点聚焦】
1.按要求写词。
(1)three(序数词) (2)nine(序数词)
(3)eight(序数词) (4)103房间(汉译英)
(5)七十八元(汉译英)
(6)九点三十五分(汉译英)
(1)third(2)ninth (3)eighth(4)Room 103(5)seventy-eight yuan (6)twenty-five to ten/nine thirty-five
2.单项选择。
( )(1)We can take the bus to the museum.
A.No.1st B.No.1 C. 1st No. D.1 No.
( )(2)Mike's sister is .
A. four year old B. fourth years old
C. four years old D. four-years-old
( )(3)There are people in the park.
A. four hundreds B. hundreds of
C. hundred of D. four hundreds of
( )(4)There are months in a year. December is the month of a year.
A. twelve; twelve B. twelfth; twelve
C. twelfth; twelfth D. twelve; twelfth
( )(5) of students in our class have lunch at school.
A. Two five B. Two fifth C. Second fifths D. Two fifths
(1)B(2)C(3)B(4)D(5)D
2.翻译下列句子。(10分)
(1)现在是七点半。
It's .
(2)植树节在三月十二日。
Tree Planting Day is on .
(3)十六减五等于十一。
minus is .
(4)杰克是第一个到校的。
Jack is to get to school.
(5)在第三个十字路口右转。
Turn right at crossing.
(1)half past seven(2)March 12th(3)Sixteen, five, eleven (4)the first (5)the third
【初中数词考点聚焦】
考点清单
考点一 基数词和序数词
一、基数词
表示数目的词称为基数词。其形式如下:
1.1—10
one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten
2.11—19
eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen
这里除 eleven,twelve,thirteen,fifteen,eighteen为特殊形式外,fourteen,sixteen,seventeen,nineteen都是由其个位数形式后添加后缀-teen构成。
3.20—99
整数几十中除twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,eighty为特殊形式外,sixty,seventy,ninety都是由其个位数形式后添加后缀-ty构成。表示几十几时,在十位和个位之间添加连字符“-”。如:
21 twenty-one
76 seventy-six
4.百位数
1—9基数词形式加“hundred”,表示几百,不是整百时再在后面数字与hundred间加上and。如:
101 a hundred and one
320 three hundred and twenty
648 six hundred and forty-eight
5.千位数以上
从数字的右端向左端数起,每三位数加一个逗号“,”。从右开始,第一个“,”前的数字后添加 thousand,第二个“,”前的数字后添加 million,第三个“,”前的数字后添加 billion。然后一节一节分别表示,两个逗号之间最大的数为百位数形式。如:
2,648 two thousand and six hundred and forty-eight
16,250,064 sixteen million two hundred and fifty thousand and sixty-four
6.基数词的句法功能
基数词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语。如:
The two happily opened the box.两个人高兴地打开了盒子。(作主语)
I need three altogether.我总共需要三个。(作宾语)
Four students are playing volleyball outside.四个学生在外面打排球。(作定语)
I’m sixteen.我十六岁了。(作表语)
They three tried to finish the task before sunset.他们三个人尽力在日落前完成任务。(作同位语)
1.There are many old people who are over a h years old in Hainan.
答案 hundred 考查数词。句意:在海南,有许多超过一百岁的老人。
2.Wendy once spent a year in Los Angeles for further study in her .(forty)
答案 forties “in one’s+几十的复数”,表示“在某人几十多岁时”。此空填forty的复数形式forties,指“在她四十多岁时”。
3.Karl Marx began to learn another foreign language in his (fifty).
答案 fifties 句意:卡尔·马克思在他五十多岁时开始学另外一门外语。本题考查数词的用法。“在某人几十多岁时”的表达方法是:in one’s+整十基数词的复数形式。fifty的复数形式为fifties。
4.Recently, there are about 12 (千) pet hospitals in China, and many people choose small animal treatment as a career.
答案 thousand 句意:近来,在中国有大约一万两千家宠物医院,很多人选择把治疗小动物作为一种职业。本题考查数词的用法。在hundred, thousand, million, billion等词前如有具体的数字,这些词末尾不加-s,故填thousand。
5.—How much time do you need to carry on with the project?
—Another (四) days.
答案 four 句意:——你需要多少时间来继续这个课题?——还需要四天。本题考查数词的用法。another+基数词+复数名词,表示“还要……,仍需……”,此处意为“还需4天”。故填four。
6.If you don’t have a dream, you’ve been old, even at (二十).
答案 twenty 句意:如果你没有梦想,即使你才20岁,你也已经老了。本题考查数词的用法。at+基数词,表示某人的年龄。故填twenty。
7.Every year, books are donated to the children in poor areas.
A.million B.millions C.millions of D.million of
答案 C 句意:每年成千上万本书被捐赠给贫困地区的孩子们。本题考查数词的用法。hundred,thousand,million等词前如没有表示具体数字的词,末尾要加-s,并与of连用。故选C项。
二、序数词
表示顺序的词称为序数词。其形式如下:
1.从第一至第十九
one—first
two—second
three—third
four—fourth
five—fifth
six—sixth
seven—seventh
eight—eighth
nine—ninth
ten—tenth
eleven—
eleventh
twelve—
twelfth
thirteen—
thirteenth
fourteen—
fourteenth
fifteen—
fifteenth
sixteen—
sixteenth
seventeen—
seventeenth
eighteen—
eighteenth
nineteen—
nineteenth
2.从第二十至第九十九
整数第几十的形式由其对应的基数词改变结尾字母y为i,再加“-eth”构成。如:
twenty—twentieth,thirty—thirtieth
表示第几十几时,用几十的基数词形式加上连字符“-”和个位序数词形式一起表示。如:
thirty-first 第三十一 fifty-sixth 第五十六 seventy-third 第七十三 ninety-ninth 第九十九
3.第一百以上的多位序数词
由基数词的形式变结尾部分为序数词形式来表示。如:
one hundred and twenty-first 第一百二十一
one thousand,three hundred and twentieth 第一千三百二十
4.序数词的缩写形式
有时,序数词可以用缩写形式来表示。主要缩写形式有:
first—1st second—2nd third—3rdfourth—4th sixth—6th twentieth—20th twenty-third—23rd
5.序数词的句法功能
序数词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语和表语。如:
The second is what I really need.第二个是我真正需要的。(作主语)
He chose the second.他选了第二个。(作宾语)
We are to carry out the first plan.我们将实施第一个计划。(作定语)
She is the second in our class.在我们班她是第二名。(作表语)
另外,基数词也可以表示顺序。只需将基数词放在它所修饰的名词之后即可,不需要添加定冠词。如:
the first lesson—Lesson 1 the fifth page—Page 5 the twenty-first room—Room 21
1.Some lanterns have riddles(谜语)on them, which encourage people to try to be the f to find the answer.
答案 first 本题考查固定结构“be the+序数词+to do sth.”,表示“第几个做某事”。根据常识可知,灯谜是鼓励人们努力成为第一个发现答案的人。故填序数词first。
2.I’m not sure how I feel about that, with my birthday coming. (第十八)
答案 eighteenth 生日前的数词一般要用序数词,表示第几个生日。故答案为 eighteenth。
3.The manager’s room is right above mine. It’s on the (three) floor.
答案 third 句意:经理的房间正好在我楼上,它在三楼(第三层楼)。本题考查数词的用法。此处表示“在三楼”,应用序数词。故填third。
4.He seems to have a (第六) sense for knowing that his brother will win.
答案 sixth 句意:他似乎有第六感,知道他弟弟会赢。本题考查数词的用法。序数词和不定冠词连用,表示“又一,再一”。故填sixth。
5.All the family members are busy getting ready for my father’s (forty) birthday party.
答案 fortieth 句意:所有的家庭成员都在忙着准备父亲的40岁生日派对。本题考查数词的用法。父亲的40岁生日,即第40个生日,用序数词表示顺序。注意以ty结尾的整十基数词变序数词时,要变y为ie,再加-th。故填fortieth。
6.Yancheng has the (two) largest population of more than 8 million in Jiangsu Province.
答案 second 句意:在江苏省,盐城是第二大人口城市,有八百多万人口。本题考查数词的用法。序数词加最高级表示“第几最……的”,此处意为“第二大的”,故填second。
7.Our Party was founded in 1921.We’ll celebrate her birthday on July 1st this year.
A.one hundred B.one hundredth C.the one hundredth
答案 B 本题考查序数词的用法。句意:我们的党成立于1921年。我们将在今年的7月1日庆祝她的100岁生日。表示“第……个生日”时,用序数词。her one hundredth birthday她的第100个生日。序数词前已经有形容词性物主代词her修饰,故不再加定冠词the。故选B。
8.Peng Ming finally became the winner of season of CCTV’s Chinese Poetry Conference.
A.five B.fifth C.the fifth D.fifths
答案 C 句意:彭敏最终成为央视第五季中国诗词大会的获胜者。本题考查数词的用法。此处用序数词加单数名词,序数词前要加定冠词,表示“第几”,故选C。
三、数词和冠词的关系
1.一般情况下,序数词前要加定冠词the,但基数词前不加冠词。如:
Sunday is the first day of a week.星期天是一周的第一天。
2.“a/an+序数词”表示“又一、再一”。如:
Although I had failed twice,my father encouraged me to have a third try.虽然我失败了两次,但是爸爸还是鼓励我再试一次。
3.“of the+基数词”表示“范围”。如:
She is the most beautiful girl of the three.她是这三个女孩中最漂亮的一个。
四、其他
1.基数词在表示确切的数字时,不能使用百、千、百万、十亿的复数形式;但是,当基数词表示不确切的数字,如成百、成千上万、三三两两时,基数词则以复数形式出现。如:
There are hundreds of people in the hall.大厅里有数以百计的人。
Thousands and thousands of people come to visit the Museum of Qin Terra-Cotta Warriors and Horses every day.
每天有成千上万的人来参观秦陵兵马俑博物馆。
They went to the theatre in twos and threes.他们三三两两地去了剧院。
2.表示“人的不确切岁数或年代”用几十的复数形式。如:
He became a professor in his thirties.他三十多岁时成为教授。
She died of lung cancer in her forties.她四十多岁时死于肺癌。
It was in the 1960s.那是在20世纪60年代。
写出下列数字的序数词
①one first ②five fifth ③seven seventh ④eight eighth
⑤fourteen fourteenth ⑥thirty thirtieth ⑦twenty twentieth
⑧ninety-nine ninety-ninth ⑨sixty-three sixty-third
⑩one hundred and eighty-two one hundred and eighty-second
考点二 分数、百分数及其他用法
一、分数表示法
1.分数是由基数词和序数词一起来表示的。基数词作分子,序数词作分母,分子大于1时,序数词要用复数形式。如:
3/4 three fourths或 three quarters
1/3 one third或a third
24/25 twenty-four twenty-fifths
3 three and one fourth或 three and one quarter
1/2 a half
1/4 one quarter或a quarter
1 one and a half
2.当分数后面接名词时,如果分数表示的值大于1,名词用复数;小于1,名词用单数。如:
1 hours 一个半小时(读作 one and a half hours)
2 meters 二又四分之三米(读作two and three fourths meters)
4/5 meter 五分之四米
5/6 inch 六分之五英寸
二、小数和百分数表示法
1.小数用基数词来表示,以小数点为界,小数点左边的数字为一个单位,表示整数,数字合起来读;小数点右边的数字为一个单位,表示小数,数字分开来读;小数点读作point,0读作 zero或o/əʊ/,整数部分为零时,可以省略不读。如:
0.4 zero point four或point four 零点四
10.23 ten point two three 十点二三
25.67 twenty-five point six seven 二十五点六七
1.03 one point o three 一点零三
2.当数字值大于1时,小数后面的名词用复数,数字值小于1时,小数后面的名词用单数。如:
1.03 meters 一点零三米 0.49 ton 零点四九吨
1.5 tons 一点五吨
3.百分数用“基数词+percent”表示。如:
50% fifty percent 百分之五十
3% three percent 百分之三
0.12% zero point one two percent 百分之零点一二
这里的percent前半部分per表示“每一”,后半部分cent表示“百”,所以百分之几中percent不用复数形式。
三、时刻表示法
1.表示几点钟用基数词加o’clock表示。如: 5:00 读作 five o’clock 或 five
2.表示几点过几分,在分钟后加past,再加小时。如:
five past seven 七点过五分
half past six 六点半
a quarter past eight 八点一刻
seven past eight 八点过七分
3.表示差几分几点,在分钟后面加to,再加小时。如:
ten to eight 差十分八点
a quarter to twelve 差一刻十二点
在日常生活中,常用下列简单方法表示时间。
以小时、分钟为单位分别读出数字。
6:31读作six thirty-one
10:26读作ten twenty-six
注意:时刻表上的时间大多采用24小时表示法,这样就不需要用a.m.表示上午,p.m.表示下午。
1.The gravity on Mars is only about of that on the Earth.
A.three eights B.third eights
C.three eighths D.third eighths
答案 C 句意:火星上的重力只有地球重力的八分之三。本题考查分数。分数的表达为:先说分子,用基数词表示;再说分母,用序数词表示;当分子超过1时,分母要加-s。故本题选C。
2.—Mum, of my classmates glasses.
—Oh, my God. You need to protect your eyes well.
A.three-fourths;wears B.three-fourth;wear
C.three-fourth;wears D.three-fourths;wear
答案 D 句意:——妈妈,我的同学中四分之三都戴了眼镜。——哦,天哪。你需要好好保护眼睛。此题考查分数的用法及主谓一致。分数的表达方法:先说分子,再说分母;分子用基数词,分母用序数词;分子大于1时,分母用复数。四分之三写成:three fourths或 three-fourths。当“分数+of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的形式根据名词的数来确定。本题决定谓语动词形式的是classmates,所以选D。
3.写作占据了我四分之三的假期,但我乐在其中。
Writing my holiday, but I enjoyed myself.
答案 took up three fourths/three quarters of 此题考查词组take up和分数的用法。根据“I enjoyed myself”可知,take用过去式took,四分之三有两种表示方法,可用three fourths,也可用three quarters。
四、世纪、年代和年月日表示法
1.世纪可以用定冠词加序数词加世纪century表示,也可以用定冠词加百位进数加’s表示。如:
the sixth/6th century公元6世纪 the eighteenth/18th century公元18世纪
the 1900s 20世纪 the 1600s 17世纪
2.年代由定冠词及基数词表示的世纪加十位整数的所有格或复数形式构成。如:
in the 1930s(in the thirties of the twentieth century或 in the nineteen thirties)在20世纪30年代
in the 1860s(in the sixties of the 19th century或 in the eighteen sixties)在19世纪60年代
In the 1870s when Marx was already in his fifties,he found it important to study the situation in Russia,so he began to learn Russian.
在19世纪70年代,当时马克思已经50多岁,他发现研究俄国的形势很重要,于是便开始学习俄语。
3.表示某年代的早期、中期和晚期,可以在定冠词后、年代前添加 early,mid-,late。如:
in the early 1920s 在20世纪20年代早期
in the mid-1950s 在20世纪50年代中期
4.年月日表示法
(1)年份用基数词表示,一般写为阿拉伯数字,读时可以以hundred为单位,也可以以世纪、年代为单位分别来读。如:
1949 读作 nineteen hundred and forty-nine 或 nineteen forty-nine
1800 读作 eighteen hundred
253 读作 two hundred and fifty-three或two fifty-three
1902 读作 nineteen hundred and two或 nineteen o two
表示在哪一年,一般在年份前加介词in,使用year时,year放在数词之前。如:
in the year two fifty-three B.C.在公元前253年
但是,通常采用in加表示年份的阿拉伯数字。如:
in 300BC 在公元前300年
(2)在哪个月用介词in加月份词表示。如:in May在五月;in July在七月。为了简便起见,月份与日期连用时,月份常用缩写形式表示。如:
January—Jan.一月February—Feb.二月March—Mar.三月April—Apr.四月 June—Jun.六月
July—Jul.七月August—Aug.八月 September—Sept.九月October—Oct.十月November—Nov.十一月
December—Dec.十二月
注:这里缩写形式后面加的点不能省略,因为它是表示缩写形式的符号。
(3)日期用定冠词the加序数词表示,the常被省略,但需读出来。在哪一天要添加介词on。如:
National Day is on Oct.1st.国庆节是十月一日。(读作 October the first)
此句也可以表示为 National Day is on the 1st of October.
May 5(th) 五月五日(读作May the fifth)
也可以表示为the fifth/5th of May
Mar.1(st)三月一日(读作March the first或 the first of March)
五、数量表示法
1.表示长、宽、高等,用“基数词+单位词(meter,foot,inch,kilogram等)+形容词(long,wide,high等)”表示,或者用“基数词+单位词+in+名词(length,width,height,weight等)”表示。如:
two meters long或 two meters in length 2米长
three feet high或 three feet in height 3英尺高
four inches wide或 four inches in width 4英寸宽
This box is 2 kilograms in weight.这个盒子有两千克重。
The city wall of Xi’an is 12 meters wide and 12 meters high.西安城墙有12米宽、12米高。
2.表示时间、距离时,使用数词加名词所有格形式作定语。如:
five minutes’ walk 步行五分钟(的路程)
It’s one hour’s ride from my hometown to our university.从我的家乡到我们大学需要一个小时的车程。
It’s three kilometers’ distance from our campus to the Bell Tower.从我们校园到钟楼有三千米远。
3.表示温度时,用below zero表示零下温度,温度用“基数词+degree(s)+单位词(centigrade摄氏或Fahrenheit华氏)”表示。如:
thirty-six degrees centigrade或 36℃ 36摄氏度
four degrees below zero centigrade或-4℃ 零下4摄氏度
Water freezes at thirty-two degrees Fahrenheit.水在32华氏度时结冰。这里的单位词在人们都很清楚是什么时,可以省略。如:
It’s seven degrees below zero today.今天是零下七度。(摄氏)
4.由数词和其他名词构成的复合形容词作定语时,其中的名词用单数形式,复合形容词中各部分间要用连字符“-”来连接。如:
It’s a five-minute walk from the library to the playground.从图书馆到操场需要走五分钟。
She’s a sixteen-year-old girl.她是个16岁的女孩。
5.表示“比……大几倍”的说法。如:
This room is 3 times bigger than that one.这个房间比那个(房间)大三倍。
The dictionary is four times thicker than that book.这本词典比那本书厚四倍。
二.知识拓展
another,other和more修饰数词的用法
1.another
another表“另一个”时只跟可数名词单数,而表“另外的、额外的、附加的”之意时,可跟带有few或具体数字的复数名词,此时可把“数词+复数名词”看成一个整体。如:
—Have you finished your report yet?——你的报告完成了吗?
—No,I will finish it in another 10 minutes.——没有,再过10分钟就会完成了。
There is room for another few people in the back of the bus.公共汽车后面还能容下几个人。
2.other
other表“另外的”时,后接复数名词,若与具体基数词连用,则置于基数词之后,但与定冠词the连用时,other要放在基数词前。如:
Mr.Smith asked me to fetch three other recorders.史密斯先生让我再去拿三台录音机来。
Do you know where he found the other two photos?你知道他是在哪里找到另外两张照片的吗?
3.more
(1)more一般位于数词之后名词之前,有时也可置于名词之后。如:
One more step(或One step more),and I’ll shoot you.再走一步,我就开枪打你了。
Where shall we be in ten more years?
再过十年,我们会在什么地方呢?
(2)more除跟数词外,还可与a little,a few,a lot,several等词或短语连用,而且名词也可以是不可数名词。如:
I’d like to buy a few more copies of China Daily.我想再买几份《中国日报》。
There are many more dictionaries on the desk.课桌上有许多本词典。
A组 基础题组
一.汉译英
①十二 twelve ②二十 twenty ③十四 fourteen ④四十 forty
⑤十五 fifteen ⑥五十 fifty ⑦百 hundred ⑧千 thousand
⑨百万 million ⑩三百名学生 three hundred students
成百上千的 hundreds of 成千上万的 thousands of
她出生在1999年12月5日。She was born on December 5th ,1999.
五分之二的书是我的。Two fifths of the books are mine.
二.单项选择
1.The best time to plant a tree was ten years ago, and the best time is now.
A.first B.second C.last D.next
答案 B 句意:种树的最佳时间是十年前,仅次于它的最佳时间就是现在。本题考查数词。此处是“the+序数词+形容词的最高级”的结构。故选B。
2. of the workers in the computer factory is about two thousand, and of them are women workers.
A.The number;second third B.A number;three quarters
C.A number;half second D.The number;two thirds
答案 D 句意:这家电脑工厂的工人数量大约是两千人,其中三分之二是女工。本题考查数词。the number of...表示“……的数量”;a number of 表示“大量的,许多,一些”。所以先排除B、C两项。分数的表达,先说分子,用基数词表示,再说分母,用序数词表示;当分子大于1时,分母用复数。故选D。
3.According to a survey, five out of six women look after their children at home but only of men would do it.
A.two fifth B.twos fifth C.two fifths D.twos fifths
答案 C 句意:根据一份调查,六位妇女中有五位在家照顾孩子,但是只有五分之二的男士愿意这样做。本题考查分数的表达法。分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子大于1时,分母用复数形式。故选C。
4.—Did you watch the speech Young Wave given by the famous actor He Bing during the May Day holiday?
—Of course, I did. It is reported that people watched this video on bilibili.
A.million B.millions of C.a million of D.millions
答案 B hundred,thousand,million,billion等词表示不确定的模糊数字时,用复数形式+of来表示。millions of指“数百万的”,故选B。
三.词汇运用
1.The film is the (one) work directed by comedian-turned-filmmaker Jia Ling.
答案 first “the+序数词”表示“第几”,故填first。
2.Three (四分之一) of the people there make a living by catching fish.
答案 fourths/quarters a quarter和one fourth都可表示“四分之一”。分数表达中,分子大于1时,分母用复数,故填fourths/quarters。
3.Two (nine) of the students in our school suffer from stress.
答案 ninths 表示分数时,分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子大于1时,分母要用复数。故填ninths。
4.Sandy’s mother still looks young although she is already in her (sixty).
答案 sixties 表达“在某人几十多岁时”应用“in one’s+整十基数词的复数”。故填sixties。注意词尾变化。
5.Today is my mother’s (四十) birthday and we will have a party for her.
答案 fortieth 此处用序数词表示顺序。my mother’s fortieth birthday我妈妈的四十岁生日,即我妈妈的第四十个生日。
B组 提升题组
Ⅰ.单项选择
1. of his works were written in his .
A.One-thirds;fifties B.One-third;fifty
C.Three quarters;fifties D.Three quarters, fiftieth
答案 C 句意:他的作品中有四分之三是在他五十几岁时写的。本题考查数词。当分子大于1时,分母才要用复数,排除A选项。表示在某人几十多岁用“in one’s+整十基数词的复数(如twenties, thirties等)”来表达。in one’s fifties在某人五十多岁时,故选C。
2. , when Marx was already , he began to learn Russian.
A.In 1870s;in his fifties B.In 1870s;in fifties
C.In the 1870s;in his fifties D.In the 1870s;in fifties
答案 C 句意:在19世纪70年代,马克思已经50多岁时才开始学俄语。本题考查数词。在年代前要加定冠词the,故排除A、B两项。表示“在某人几十多岁时”用“in+one’s+整十基数词的复数形式”,故选C。
3.Although you failed four times, I still hope you can have try.
A.the fifth B.a fifth C.the fourth D.a fourth
答案 B 句意:虽然你已经失败了四次,但我仍然希望你再试一次。本题考查序数词的用法。根据 you failed four times可知,后面应该是第五次,所以排除C、D两项。再试一次用“have+a/an+序数词+try”表示,故选B。
4.—Could you tell me when Max began to do business?
—Sure. He began to do business when he was and has earned 2.56 yuan so far.
A.in his thirties;billion B.in the thirties;billions of
C.over thirty;billions of D.at the age of thirty;billion of
答案 A 表达年龄可以用 “when sb. is+基数词”、“at the age of+基数词”、 “in one’s+整十基数词的复数形式”。hundred, thousand, million, billion和具体数字连用时,不用复数,不和of连用,故选A。
5.—Dad, of the apples gone bad.
—Well, we’d better eat up the rest as soon as possible.
A.two-third;have B.two-thirds;have
C.two-thirds;has D.two-third;has
答案 B 句意:——爸爸,三分之二的苹果已经坏了。——唉,我们最好尽快把剩余的吃完。本题结合主谓一致考查数词的用法。第一空考查分数的表达。分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子大于1时,分母用复数形式,故排除A、D两项;第二空考查主谓一致,分数名词短语作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于具体名词,本题决定谓语形式的是the apples,故选B项。
Ⅱ.词汇运用
1.July 1st of this year is the one (hundred) birthday of the Communist Party of China.
答案 hundredth 句意:今年7月1日是中国共产党诞辰100周年。the one hundredth birthday表示“第100个生日”。
2.Pay attention to what I am saying because I won’t explain it a (two) time.
答案 second 句意:请注意我正在说的话,因为我不会再解释第二遍。a/an+序数词,表示“又一,再一”。故填second。
3.Surprisingly, the player without arms finished (三) in the 1,500-metre race at last.
答案 third 序数词表示名次结果时,其前不用冠词。如come first, finish fourth等。
4.Though my grandpa is in his (nine), he is still in high spirit.
答案 nineties in his nineties在他90多岁时。
Hainan meteorological department(气象局)predicts(预测)that typhoon“ Olu” may enter the South China Sea from the afternoon to the night of September 25,2022. 1 But what did people do in the past?
My grandfather was a farmer in the countryside. He died many years ago. 2 For example, in summer, he would often take me to look at anthills(蚁丘).He said, “ If the anthills are high in July, you will know there will be a snowy winter." 3 So I always believe him. 4 He would tell me: “If the caterpillar's belly(腹部) is thin, the weather in autumn will be bad.”
5 The older people can teach us many things to help us have a better life. so we should remember them all the time!
A. It's always right in his way.
B. My grandfather lived a happy life.
C. In September, he would look at caterpillars(毛毛虫) on a sunny day.
D. Now I grow up but I still do the same things.
E. But I still remember his stories about how to predict the weather.
F. As usual, he would stop to look at anthills in January.
G. We can know the weather in advance(提前) now.
长难句分析
原句:(第二段第五句)He said,“ If the anthills are high in July, you will know there will be a snowy winter.”
译文:他说:“如果七月的蚁丘很高,你就会知道冬天将会下雪。”
分析:直接引语部分是一个复合句。If the anthills are high in July是if引导的条件状语从句,主句为 you will know there will be a snowy winter。
译文
海南省气象局预测,台风“Olu”将于2022年9月25日下午至夜间登陆南海。现如今我们可以提前知道天气状况,但在过去人们是怎么做到的呢?
我的爷爷是乡下的一位农民。他多年前就过世了。但我仍然记得他讲的关于如何预测天气的故事。比如,在夏天,他经常带我去看蚁丘。他说:“如果七月份的蚁丘很高,那么就说明今年冬天白雪皑皑。”爷爷的方法总是有效的,所以我总是相信爷爷的话。
九月,他会在阳光明媚的日子里观察毛毛虫。他告诉我:“如果毛毛虫的腹部很瘪,那么今年秋天的天气会很糟糕。”
现在我长大了,但我仍然做着同样的事情。老一辈的人教给了我们很多东西,帮助我们过上更好的生活,所以我们应该一直记得他们!
答案详析
随着科学技术的发展,现如今我们可以预测天气的转变,从而避免了很多自然灾害的威胁。但在过去我们是如何预测天气状况呢?
1.G 根据文章开头可知,海南省气象局预测台风将于2022年9月25日下午至晚上登陆南海;再根据空后一句“But what did people do in the past?”可知,这里问的是在过去人们怎么做。空处内容应与下一句构成转折关系,故应与现在的情况有关。再结合所给选项可知,G项“我们现在可以提前了解天气”可承上启下,符合语境。
2.E 根据空前一句“He died many years ago.”可知,爷爷几年前就过世了;空后举例说明,夏季,爷爷通过观察蚁丘的状况来预测天气情况。故空处内容应与爷爷有很多预测天气的做法有关。E项“但‘我’仍然记得他讲的关于如何预测天气的故事”可承上启下,符合语境。
3.A 根据空后一句“So I always believe him.”可知,“我”总是相信爷爷的话。故空处内容应与爷爷的方法是有效的有关。A项“按照他的方法总是对的”可引出下文,符合语境。
4.C根据空后爷爷告诉“我”的话可知,如果毛毛虫的腹部很薄,那么秋天的天气会很糟糕。故空处内容应与爷爷去观察毛毛虫的情况有关。C项“九月,他会在阳光明媚的日子里看着毛毛虫”可引出下文,符合语境。
5.D 根据空后一句可知,老年人可以教我们很多东西来帮助我们过上更好的生活,所以我们应该时刻记住这些经验!再结合所给选项可知,D项“现在‘我’长大了,但‘我’仍然做一样的事情”可引出下文,符合语境。
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衔接点04 数词(小初考点差异及衔接)
小学要求
1.基数词:表示数目的多少
2.序数词:表示顺序先后
初中要求
1.基数词的读写和应用;
2.序数词的读写和应用。
3.分数、小数、百分数及其他用法
【小学数词考点聚焦】
1.按要求写词。
(1)three(序数词) (2)nine(序数词)
(3)eight(序数词) (4)103房间(汉译英)
(5)七十八元(汉译英)
(6)九点三十五分(汉译英)
2.单项选择。
( )(1)We can take the bus to the museum.
A.No.1st B.No.1 C. 1st No. D.1 No.
( )(2)Mike's sister is .
A. four year old B. fourth years old
C. four years old D. four-years-old
( )(3)There are people in the park.
A. four hundreds B. hundreds of
C. hundred of D. four hundreds of
( )(4)There are months in a year. December is the month of a year.
A. twelve; twelve B. twelfth; twelve
C. twelfth; twelfth D. twelve; twelfth
( )(5) of students in our class have lunch at school.
A. Two five B. Two fifth C. Second fifths D. Two fifths
2.翻译下列句子。(10分)
(1)现在是七点半。
It's .
(2)植树节在三月十二日。
Tree Planting Day is on .
(3)十六减五等于十一。
minus is .
(4)杰克是第一个到校的。
Jack is to get to school.
(5)在第三个十字路口右转。
Turn right at crossing.
【初中数词考点聚焦】
考点清单
考点一 基数词和序数词
一、基数词
表示数目的词称为基数词。其形式如下:
1.1—10
one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten
2.11—19
eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen
这里除 eleven,twelve,thirteen,fifteen,eighteen为特殊形式外,fourteen,sixteen,seventeen,nineteen都是由其个位数形式后添加后缀-teen构成。
3.20—99
整数几十中除twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,eighty为特殊形式外,sixty,seventy,ninety都是由其个位数形式后添加后缀-ty构成。表示几十几时,在十位和个位之间添加连字符“-”。如:
21 twenty-one
76 seventy-six
4.百位数
1—9基数词形式加“hundred”,表示几百,不是整百时再在后面数字与hundred间加上and。如:
101 a hundred and one
320 three hundred and twenty
648 six hundred and forty-eight
5.千位数以上
从数字的右端向左端数起,每三位数加一个逗号“,”。从右开始,第一个“,”前的数字后添加 thousand,第二个“,”前的数字后添加 million,第三个“,”前的数字后添加 billion。然后一节一节分别表示,两个逗号之间最大的数为百位数形式。如:
2,648 two thousand and six hundred and forty-eight
16,250,064 sixteen million two hundred and fifty thousand and sixty-four
6.基数词的句法功能
基数词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语。如:
The two happily opened the box.两个人高兴地打开了盒子。(作主语)
I need three altogether.我总共需要三个。(作宾语)
Four students are playing volleyball outside.四个学生在外面打排球。(作定语)
I’m sixteen.我十六岁了。(作表语)
They three tried to finish the task before sunset.他们三个人尽力在日落前完成任务。(作同位语)
1.There are many old people who are over a h years old in Hainan.
2.Wendy once spent a year in Los Angeles for further study in her .(forty)
3.Karl Marx began to learn another foreign language in his (fifty).
4.Recently, there are about 12 (千) pet hospitals in China, and many people choose small animal treatment as a career.
5.—How much time do you need to carry on with the project?
—Another (四) days.
6.If you don’t have a dream, you’ve been old, even at (二十).
7.Every year, books are donated to the children in poor areas.
A.million B.millions C.millions of D.million of
二、序数词
表示顺序的词称为序数词。其形式如下:
1.从第一至第十九
one—first
two—second
three—third
four—fourth
five—fifth
six—sixth
seven—seventh
eight—eighth
nine—ninth
ten—tenth
eleven—
eleventh
twelve—
twelfth
thirteen—
thirteenth
fourteen—
fourteenth
fifteen—
fifteenth
sixteen—
sixteenth
seventeen—
seventeenth
eighteen—
eighteenth
nineteen—
nineteenth
2.从第二十至第九十九
整数第几十的形式由其对应的基数词改变结尾字母y为i,再加“-eth”构成。如:
twenty—twentieth,thirty—thirtieth
表示第几十几时,用几十的基数词形式加上连字符“-”和个位序数词形式一起表示。如:
thirty-first 第三十一 fifty-sixth 第五十六 seventy-third 第七十三 ninety-ninth 第九十九
3.第一百以上的多位序数词
由基数词的形式变结尾部分为序数词形式来表示。如:
one hundred and twenty-first 第一百二十一
one thousand,three hundred and twentieth 第一千三百二十
4.序数词的缩写形式
有时,序数词可以用缩写形式来表示。主要缩写形式有:
first—1st second—2nd third—3rdfourth—4th sixth—6th twentieth—20th twenty-third—23rd
5.序数词的句法功能
序数词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语和表语。如:
The second is what I really need.第二个是我真正需要的。(作主语)
He chose the second.他选了第二个。(作宾语)
We are to carry out the first plan.我们将实施第一个计划。(作定语)
She is the second in our class.在我们班她是第二名。(作表语)
另外,基数词也可以表示顺序。只需将基数词放在它所修饰的名词之后即可,不需要添加定冠词。如:
the first lesson—Lesson 1 the fifth page—Page 5 the twenty-first room—Room 21
1.Some lanterns have riddles(谜语)on them, which encourage people to try to be the f to find the answer.
2.I’m not sure how I feel about that, with my birthday coming. (第十八)
3.The manager’s room is right above mine. It’s on the (three) floor.
4.He seems to have a (第六) sense for knowing that his brother will win.
5.All the family members are busy getting ready for my father’s (forty) birthday party.
6.Yancheng has the (two) largest population of more than 8 million in Jiangsu Province.
7.Our Party was founded in 1921.We’ll celebrate her birthday on July 1st this year.
A.one hundred B.one hundredth C.the one hundredth
8.Peng Ming finally became the winner of season of CCTV’s Chinese Poetry Conference.
A.five B.fifth C.the fifth D.fifths
三、数词和冠词的关系
1.一般情况下,序数词前要加定冠词the,但基数词前不加冠词。如:
Sunday is the first day of a week.星期天是一周的第一天。
2.“a/an+序数词”表示“又一、再一”。如:
Although I had failed twice,my father encouraged me to have a third try.虽然我失败了两次,但是爸爸还是鼓励我再试一次。
3.“of the+基数词”表示“范围”。如:
She is the most beautiful girl of the three.她是这三个女孩中最漂亮的一个。
四、其他
1.基数词在表示确切的数字时,不能使用百、千、百万、十亿的复数形式;但是,当基数词表示不确切的数字,如成百、成千上万、三三两两时,基数词则以复数形式出现。如:
There are hundreds of people in the hall.大厅里有数以百计的人。
Thousands and thousands of people come to visit the Museum of Qin Terra-Cotta Warriors and Horses every day.
每天有成千上万的人来参观秦陵兵马俑博物馆。
They went to the theatre in twos and threes.他们三三两两地去了剧院。
2.表示“人的不确切岁数或年代”用几十的复数形式。如:
He became a professor in his thirties.他三十多岁时成为教授。
She died of lung cancer in her forties.她四十多岁时死于肺癌。
It was in the 1960s.那是在20世纪60年代。
写出下列数字的序数词
①one ②five ③seven ④eight
⑤fourteen ⑥thirty ⑦twenty
⑧ninety-nine ⑨sixty-three
⑩one hundred and eighty-two
考点二 分数、百分数及其他用法
一、分数表示法
1.分数是由基数词和序数词一起来表示的。基数词作分子,序数词作分母,分子大于1时,序数词要用复数形式。如:
3/4 three fourths或 three quarters
1/3 one third或a third
24/25 twenty-four twenty-fifths
3 three and one fourth或 three and one quarter
1/2 a half
1/4 one quarter或a quarter
1 one and a half
2.当分数后面接名词时,如果分数表示的值大于1,名词用复数;小于1,名词用单数。如:
1 hours 一个半小时(读作 one and a half hours)
2 meters 二又四分之三米(读作two and three fourths meters)
4/5 meter 五分之四米
5/6 inch 六分之五英寸
二、小数和百分数表示法
1.小数用基数词来表示,以小数点为界,小数点左边的数字为一个单位,表示整数,数字合起来读;小数点右边的数字为一个单位,表示小数,数字分开来读;小数点读作point,0读作 zero或o/əʊ/,整数部分为零时,可以省略不读。如:
0.4 zero point four或point four 零点四
10.23 ten point two three 十点二三
25.67 twenty-five point six seven 二十五点六七
1.03 one point o three 一点零三
2.当数字值大于1时,小数后面的名词用复数,数字值小于1时,小数后面的名词用单数。如:
1.03 meters 一点零三米 0.49 ton 零点四九吨
1.5 tons 一点五吨
3.百分数用“基数词+percent”表示。如:
50% fifty percent 百分之五十
3% three percent 百分之三
0.12% zero point one two percent 百分之零点一二
这里的percent前半部分per表示“每一”,后半部分cent表示“百”,所以百分之几中percent不用复数形式。
三、时刻表示法
1.表示几点钟用基数词加o’clock表示。如: 5:00 读作 five o’clock 或 five
2.表示几点过几分,在分钟后加past,再加小时。如:
five past seven 七点过五分
half past six 六点半
a quarter past eight 八点一刻
seven past eight 八点过七分
3.表示差几分几点,在分钟后面加to,再加小时。如:
ten to eight 差十分八点
a quarter to twelve 差一刻十二点
在日常生活中,常用下列简单方法表示时间。
以小时、分钟为单位分别读出数字。
6:31读作six thirty-one
10:26读作ten twenty-six
注意:时刻表上的时间大多采用24小时表示法,这样就不需要用a.m.表示上午,p.m.表示下午。
1.The gravity on Mars is only about of that on the Earth.
A.three eights B.third eights
C.three eighths D.third eighths
2.—Mum, of my classmates glasses.
—Oh, my God. You need to protect your eyes well.
A.three-fourths;wears B.three-fourth;wear
C.three-fourth;wears D.three-fourths;wear
3.写作占据了我四分之三的假期,但我乐在其中。
Writing my holiday, but I enjoyed myself.
四、世纪、年代和年月日表示法
1.世纪可以用定冠词加序数词加世纪century表示,也可以用定冠词加百位进数加’s表示。如:
the sixth/6th century公元6世纪 the eighteenth/18th century公元18世纪
the 1900s 20世纪 the 1600s 17世纪
2.年代由定冠词及基数词表示的世纪加十位整数的所有格或复数形式构成。如:
in the 1930s(in the thirties of the twentieth century或 in the nineteen thirties)在20世纪30年代
in the 1860s(in the sixties of the 19th century或 in the eighteen sixties)在19世纪60年代
In the 1870s when Marx was already in his fifties,he found it important to study the situation in Russia,so he began to learn Russian.
在19世纪70年代,当时马克思已经50多岁,他发现研究俄国的形势很重要,于是便开始学习俄语。
3.表示某年代的早期、中期和晚期,可以在定冠词后、年代前添加 early,mid-,late。如:
in the early 1920s 在20世纪20年代早期
in the mid-1950s 在20世纪50年代中期
4.年月日表示法
(1)年份用基数词表示,一般写为阿拉伯数字,读时可以以hundred为单位,也可以以世纪、年代为单位分别来读。如:
1949 读作 nineteen hundred and forty-nine 或 nineteen forty-nine
1800 读作 eighteen hundred
253 读作 two hundred and fifty-three或two fifty-three
1902 读作 nineteen hundred and two或 nineteen o two
表示在哪一年,一般在年份前加介词in,使用year时,year放在数词之前。如:
in the year two fifty-three B.C.在公元前253年
但是,通常采用in加表示年份的阿拉伯数字。如:
in 300BC 在公元前300年
(2)在哪个月用介词in加月份词表示。如:in May在五月;in July在七月。为了简便起见,月份与日期连用时,月份常用缩写形式表示。如:
January—Jan.一月February—Feb.二月March—Mar.三月April—Apr.四月 June—Jun.六月
July—Jul.七月August—Aug.八月 September—Sept.九月October—Oct.十月November—Nov.十一月
December—Dec.十二月
注:这里缩写形式后面加的点不能省略,因为它是表示缩写形式的符号。
(3)日期用定冠词the加序数词表示,the常被省略,但需读出来。在哪一天要添加介词on。如:
National Day is on Oct.1st.国庆节是十月一日。(读作 October the first)
此句也可以表示为 National Day is on the 1st of October.
May 5(th) 五月五日(读作May the fifth)
也可以表示为the fifth/5th of May
Mar.1(st)三月一日(读作March the first或 the first of March)
五、数量表示法
1.表示长、宽、高等,用“基数词+单位词(meter,foot,inch,kilogram等)+形容词(long,wide,high等)”表示,或者用“基数词+单位词+in+名词(length,width,height,weight等)”表示。如:
two meters long或 two meters in length 2米长
three feet high或 three feet in height 3英尺高
four inches wide或 four inches in width 4英寸宽
This box is 2 kilograms in weight.这个盒子有两千克重。
The city wall of Xi’an is 12 meters wide and 12 meters high.西安城墙有12米宽、12米高。
2.表示时间、距离时,使用数词加名词所有格形式作定语。如:
five minutes’ walk 步行五分钟(的路程)
It’s one hour’s ride from my hometown to our university.从我的家乡到我们大学需要一个小时的车程。
It’s three kilometers’ distance from our campus to the Bell Tower.从我们校园到钟楼有三千米远。
3.表示温度时,用below zero表示零下温度,温度用“基数词+degree(s)+单位词(centigrade摄氏或Fahrenheit华氏)”表示。如:
thirty-six degrees centigrade或 36℃ 36摄氏度
four degrees below zero centigrade或-4℃ 零下4摄氏度
Water freezes at thirty-two degrees Fahrenheit.水在32华氏度时结冰。这里的单位词在人们都很清楚是什么时,可以省略。如:
It’s seven degrees below zero today.今天是零下七度。(摄氏)
4.由数词和其他名词构成的复合形容词作定语时,其中的名词用单数形式,复合形容词中各部分间要用连字符“-”来连接。如:
It’s a five-minute walk from the library to the playground.从图书馆到操场需要走五分钟。
She’s a sixteen-year-old girl.她是个16岁的女孩。
5.表示“比……大几倍”的说法。如:
This room is 3 times bigger than that one.这个房间比那个(房间)大三倍。
The dictionary is four times thicker than that book.这本词典比那本书厚四倍。
二.知识拓展
another,other和more修饰数词的用法
1.another
another表“另一个”时只跟可数名词单数,而表“另外的、额外的、附加的”之意时,可跟带有few或具体数字的复数名词,此时可把“数词+复数名词”看成一个整体。如:
—Have you finished your report yet?——你的报告完成了吗?
—No,I will finish it in another 10 minutes.——没有,再过10分钟就会完成了。
There is room for another few people in the back of the bus.公共汽车后面还能容下几个人。
2.other
other表“另外的”时,后接复数名词,若与具体基数词连用,则置于基数词之后,但与定冠词the连用时,other要放在基数词前。如:
Mr.Smith asked me to fetch three other recorders.史密斯先生让我再去拿三台录音机来。
Do you know where he found the other two photos?你知道他是在哪里找到另外两张照片的吗?
3.more
(1)more一般位于数词之后名词之前,有时也可置于名词之后。如:
One more step(或One step more),and I’ll shoot you.再走一步,我就开枪打你了。
Where shall we be in ten more years?
再过十年,我们会在什么地方呢?
(2)more除跟数词外,还可与a little,a few,a lot,several等词或短语连用,而且名词也可以是不可数名词。如:
I’d like to buy a few more copies of China Daily.我想再买几份《中国日报》。
There are many more dictionaries on the desk.课桌上有许多本词典。
A组 基础题组
一.汉译英
①十二 ②二十 ③十四 ④四十
⑤十五 ⑥五十 ⑦百 ⑧千
⑨百万 ⑩三百名学生
成百上千的 成千上万的
她出生在1999年12月5日。She was born on December ,1999.
五分之二的书是我的。Two of the books are mine.
二.单项选择
1.The best time to plant a tree was ten years ago, and the best time is now.
A.first B.second C.last D.next
2. of the workers in the computer factory is about two thousand, and of them are women workers.
A.The number;second third B.A number;three quarters
C.A number;half second D.The number;two thirds
3.According to a survey, five out of six women look after their children at home but only of men would do it.
A.two fifth B.twos fifth C.two fifths D.twos fifths
4.—Did you watch the speech Young Wave given by the famous actor He Bing during the May Day holiday?
—Of course, I did. It is reported that people watched this video on bilibili.
A.million B.millions of C.a million of D.millions
三.词汇运用
1.The film is the (one) work directed by comedian-turned-filmmaker Jia Ling.
2.Three (四分之一) of the people there make a living by catching fish.
3.Two (nine) of the students in our school suffer from stress.
4.Sandy’s mother still looks young although she is already in her (sixty).
5.Today is my mother’s (四十) birthday and we will have a party for her.
B组 提升题组
Ⅰ.单项选择
1. of his works were written in his .
A.One-thirds;fifties B.One-third;fifty
C.Three quarters;fifties D.Three quarters, fiftieth
2. , when Marx was already , he began to learn Russian.
A.In 1870s;in his fifties B.In 1870s;in fifties
C.In the 1870s;in his fifties D.In the 1870s;in fifties
3.Although you failed four times, I still hope you can have try.
A.the fifth B.a fifth C.the fourth D.a fourth
4.—Could you tell me when Max began to do business?
—Sure. He began to do business when he was and has earned 2.56 yuan so far.
A.in his thirties;billion B.in the thirties;billions of
C.over thirty;billions of D.at the age of thirty;billion of
5.—Dad, of the apples gone bad.
—Well, we’d better eat up the rest as soon as possible.
A.two-third;have B.two-thirds;have
C.two-thirds;has D.two-third;has
Ⅱ.词汇运用
1.July 1st of this year is the one (hundred) birthday of the Communist Party of China.
2.Pay attention to what I am saying because I won’t explain it a (two) time.
3.Surprisingly, the player without arms finished (三) in the 1,500-metre race at last.
4.Though my grandpa is in his (nine), he is still in high spirit.
Hainan meteorological department(气象局)predicts(预测)that typhoon“ Olu” may enter the South China Sea from the afternoon to the night of September 25,2022. 1 But what did people do in the past?
My grandfather was a farmer in the countryside. He died many years ago. 2 For example, in summer, he would often take me to look at anthills(蚁丘).He said, “ If the anthills are high in July, you will know there will be a snowy winter." 3 So I always believe him. 4 He would tell me: “If the caterpillar's belly(腹部) is thin, the weather in autumn will be bad.”
5 The older people can teach us many things to help us have a better life. so we should remember them all the time!
A. It's always right in his way.
B. My grandfather lived a happy life.
C. In September, he would look at caterpillars(毛毛虫) on a sunny day.
D. Now I grow up but I still do the same things.
E. But I still remember his stories about how to predict the weather.
F. As usual, he would stop to look at anthills in January.
G. We can know the weather in advance(提前) now.
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