精品解析：上海市川沙中学2023-2024学年高二下学期五月月考英语试题

上海市川沙中学 2023 学年度第二学期高二阶段考试英语试卷 考生注意： 1. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写 （非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。 2. 答卷前，务必用钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸正面清楚填写班级、姓名、准考证号。 3. 考试时间：120分钟，总分：140分。 第Ⅰ卷 Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Checking out of a hotel. B. Asking for information. C. Making a complaint. D. Paying for the damage. 2. A. The man sounds like a Canadian. B. The man doesn’t speak with a Canadian accent. C. The woman also originally comes from Canada. D. The woman doesn’t like people with an accent. 3. A. On the 17th. B. On the 18th. C. On the 19th. D. On the 20th. 4. A. The variety of graphs is the most important. B. The focus should be on the sales strategies. C. Clarity is the key to a good presentation. D. Different forms of presentation must be used. 5. A. Only the best of us can avoid making such a mistake. B. Everyone makes mistakes, so the woman should not worry too much. C. It happened long ago so people might have forgotten about it. D. The woman should have made better preparation for the speech. 6. A. She is down with a serous virus. B. Her efforts will finally pay off. C. Her project is not going smoothly. D. She has missed the project deadline. 7. A. She enjoyed the concert. B. She messed up the band. C. The man was not serious. D. The man was to blame. 8. A. No one coughs as badly as the man. B. The man is showing symptoms of a cold. C. The man is surprised that so many people are ill. D. The woman warns the man not to attend the classes. 9. A. The woman doesn’t need to go to work so early. B. The woman should take better care of her health. C. The woman is making up excuses for not exercising. D. The woman is losing good chances to save time. 10. A. Joanna is working here temporarily. B. Joanna is filling in an application. C. Jenny will be back in a day or two. D. Jenny will host a business conference. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Their keen landscaping skill. B. Their tough digestive system. C. Their strong pair of rear legs. D. Their sharp sense of taste. 12. A. By lowering the probability of wildfires occurring. B. By keeping the weather conditions wet and cool. C. By reducing human activities on the green vegetation. D. By passing through seeds into inaccessible spots. 13. A. Cost and safety. B. Coverage and procedure. C. Speed and health. D. Economy and habitat. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. To learn even numbers by heart. B. To memorize complicated sums. C. To pass a basic memory test. D. To report their learning experiences. 15. A. Those who woke up after 7:30 a. m. B. Those who slept for at least ten hours. C. Those who learned sums in the morning. D. Those who learned sums before bed. 16. A. Sleep helps to strengthen memories. B. Sleep helps us to learn words better. C. Sleep makes numbers stick in our memory. D. Sleep makes us get confused with numbers. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. Three. B. Six. C. Ten. D. Fourteen. 18. A. Children tend to arrive too early in the morning. B. He thinks children behave badly in the museum. C. The museum has a special exhibition on lately. D. The museum can’t accommodate so many children. 19. A. A special talk on the Early Man exhibit. B. An hour-long guided tour of the museum. C. A video introducing the museum in detail. D. A fun-filled interactive educational program. 20. A. Positive. B. Worried. C. Interested. D. Hesitant. Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Vertical Farms: Is the sky really the limit? At a hyper-controlled indoor farm in industrial South San Francisco, four robots carefully transfer seeds from barcoded trays into 4.5-meter towers that then are hung vertically (垂直地) inside a 445 sq metre grow room. Workers in branded jumpsuits ___1___ (inspect) the greens for imperfect produce, but there is almost ___2___. Then the pesticide-free product is packaged and put on a truck ___3___ (deliver) to a local market where the customer becomes the first person to touch it. With the world’s population expected to reach nearly 10 billion by 2050, most of ___4___ will be living in cities, experts say a 70% increase from current levels of global food production will be needed. But agricultural land is ___5___ short supply thanks to the climate crisis and urbanization. Indoor farming raised more than $1 bn in 2021, exceeding the combined funding in 2018 and 2019. But critics say the massive energy costs ___6___(need) to run vertical farms and greenhouses make the practice far less eco-friendly than their branding suggests. Designed to produce yields hundreds of times larger than traditional outdoor farming, vertical farms occupy spaces such as buildings or shipping containers while using 70 to 95% less water ___7___ they can recapture and recycle rather than waste it due to poor irrigation (灌溉) or evaporation. Products are fully traceable from seed to shelf, stay fresher longer and there’s little risk of bacteria, infected animal faces (粪便) or ___8___(have) to transport them long distances in trucks and planes. Entrepreneurs like Irving Fain, CEO and founder of Manhattan-based Bowery Farming, say that they’re gathering knowledge about plant growth and agronomy (农学) that ___9___ take traditional farmers outdoors hundreds of years to accumulate. The possibilities raised by vertical farms have also captured the imagination of a number of large venture capitalists and private equality funds. “While it is still too early to tell ____10____ these high-tech, high-rise growing machines will become a real estate asset class in their own right, some investors are starting to take a serious look at vertical farming as a possible new asset category.” said Fain. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. means B. previously C. mark D. interpreted E. stretches F. sound G. resulting H. absorb I. presence J. initially K. mastered How and why, roughly 2 million years ago, early human ancestors evolved large brains and began fashioning relatively advanced stone tools, is one of the great mysteries of evolution. Some researchers argue these changes were brought about by the invention of cooking. They point out that our bite weakened around the same time as our larger brains evolved, and that it takes less energy to ___11___ nutrients from cooked food. As a result, once they had learned the art, early chefs could invest less in their digestive systems and thus invest the ___12___ energy savings in building larger brains capable of complex thought. There is, however, a problem with the cooking theory. Most archaeologists believe the evidence of controlled fire ___13___ back no more than 790,000 years. Roger Summons of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology has a solution. Together with his team, he analyzed 1.7 million-year-old sandstones that formed in an ancient river at Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania. The region is famous for the large number of human fossils (化石) that have been discovered there, alongside an impressive ‘assembly of stone tools. The sandstones themselves have ___14___ yielded some of the world’s earliest complex hand axes —large tear-drop-shaped stone tools that are associated with Homo erectus (直立人). Creating an ax e by repeatedly knocking thin pieces off a raw stone in order to create two sharp cutting edges requires a significant amount of planning. Their appearance is therefore thought to ___15___ an important moment in intellectual evolution. During the process, the researchers found distinctive but unusual biological molecules (分子) that are often ___16___ as biomarkers of heat-tolerant bacteria. Some of these live in water between 85℃ and 95℃. The molecules’ ___17___suggests that an ancient river within the Gorge was once fed by one or more hot springs. Dr. Summons and his colleagues say the hot springs would have provided a convenient “pre-fire” ___18___ of cooking food. In New Zealand, the Maori have traditionally cooked food in hot springs, either by lowering it into the boiling water or fey digging a hole in the hot earth. Similar methods exist in Japan and Iceland, so it makes ___19___ sense, if difficult to prove, that early humans might have used hot springs to cook meat and roots. Richard Wrangham, who devised the cooking theory, is fascinated by the idea. Nonetheless, fire would have offered a distinct advantage to humans, once they had ____20____ the art of controlling it since, unlike a hot spring, it is a transportable resource. Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. In 1968 a grave dating from about 1100 was uncovered near Hattula, in Finland, Little remained of the occupant’s skeleton, but the inhumation included two swords and a knife. Such grave goods would normally suggest said occupant was a man. The skeleton was, ___21___ also decorated with brooches (胸针) and woollen clothing of types more usually worn at the time by women. This ___22___ guess that the burial was actually of a powerful woman, possibly a local ruler in her own right rather than just the wife of a male king. This would be noteworthy enough. But a re-examination of the remains, just published in the European Journal of Archaeology by Ulla Moilanen of the University of Turku and Elina Salmela of the University of Helsinki, suggests the truth may be yet more ___23___. Ms. Moilanen and Dr Salmela suspect that the individual ___24___ may have had outward characteristics of both a man and a woman. In 1968 working out the ___25___ of a skeleton in an ancient grave was tricky. After years of deterioration, the bones of men and women look pretty much ___26___. But that was before the use of DNA became possible. So Ms. Moilanen and Dr Salmela thought it worth trying again. Most people have two sex chromosomes (染色体): XX in women and XY in men. Find DNA from a Y-chromosome in a skeleton and the chances are the body was ___27___. And, looking at a fragment of femur brought to her by Ms. Moilanen, who is the archaeologist in the ___28___, Dr. Salmela, who is the geneticist, did indeed find such DNA. But not much of it. That led her to wonder about contamination (污染), but also to consider whether the individual in the grave had had a(n) ___29___ X-chromosome that was swamping the signal from the Y. Having an abnormal number of sex chromosomes is rare, but not vanishingly so. The particular ____30____ XXY leads to what is known as Klinefelter’s syndrome. To determine the occupant’s karyotype (染色体组型) from the tiny amount of DNA available, Dr. Salmela drew ____31____ with living people. The grave delivered 8,329 pieces, so she used a computer to draw samples of similar size from the genomes of living people with various karyotypes, including XXY, and also from mixtures of both sexes, to ____32____ contamination. She then compared these with the DNA from the grave and ____33____ it was 99.75% probable the individual concerned bad indeed had Klinefelter’s syndrome. While Dr Salmela was working all this out, Ms. Moilanen and her team had another look at the grave. They confirmed that it was a ____34____ burial. For instance, they found evidence of fine furs, probably from foxes. Clearly, this was a well-respected human being, but what led to that ____35____ in a world then dominated by male values is a matter of puzzle. Perhaps the person came from a family powerful enough for such things not to matter. 21. A. therefore B. what’s more C. nevertheless D. for instance 22. A. intensified B. classified C. dismissed D. compared 23. A. dull B. engaging C. unpleasant D. frightening 24. A. in question B. at large C. by comparison D. with doubt 25. A. composition B. age C. sex D. origin 26. A. distinct B. unidentified C. alike D. broken 27. A. female B. old C. young D. male 28. A. cooperation B. authority C. institute D. adventure 29. A. restored B. extra C. missing D. dominant 30. A. requirement B. interest C. combination D. emphasis 31. A. inspirations B. lessons C. inferences D. comparisons 32. A. eliminate B. monitor C. imitate D. generate 33. A. rejected B. concluded C. recalled D. confessed 34. A. high-status B. secret C. religious D. peaceful 35. A. conclusion B. evidence C. respect D. solution Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） Earlier this year I took a trip to England and France to go see some friends. It was a wonderful trip; I really loved it. But one thing that struck me was how different these cultures are from our own. I guess this would strike any traveler because that is the first thing you notice and it is what makes travel so exciting. Of course these cultures are also similar to ours in many respects, but it’s the differences that really stand out. One of the things that struck me in particular was the different attitudes towards smoking. As you know, there’s a growing anti-smoking sentiment in Europe. However, when I went to England and France, I got a new perspective on this issue. People seem to smoke anywhere and everywhere, even though anti-smoking signs are all over public places. On the radio, I heard about a member of the World Cup soccer team who smoked. And people were actually saying, “Well, he should not be on the team because he’s a bad example for our children.” I think, if they want to look at bad examples for their children, they should just go out on the street, or go into the subways, or look in the mirror, even, because so many of them are smoking in very inappropriate places. I visited a restaurant buffet in London and saw an English woman scooping up the food with a lit cigarette in her hand. Smoke rising into the air. Actually, when I talked to English people later, they were pretty shocked too, and they said that smoking in a restaurant is rude even by British standards. This did not give me a bad impression of English people. It gave me, on the contrary, a positive feeling toward American smokers. There are a lot of American smokers who will proclaim their right to smoke whenever they want, but they will follow the rules, generally, because they have consideration for nonsmokers. So this experience in Europe gave me more of a respect for this kind of smoker. 36. What surprised the writer during his trip to England and France? A. The wonderful trip to England and France. B. Cultural differences that he noticed during his trip. C. Similarity between cultures stands out more than differences. D. Growing anti-smoking views in Europe. 37. What did the speaker find in England and France about the smoking issue? A. People discuss the smoking issue on the radio. B. Smokers are allowed to smoke anywhere and anytime. C People are encouraged to smoke in inappropriate places. D. Many smokers pay no attention to the “No Smoking” signs. 38. The word “sentiment” in the second paragraph means ______. A. feeling B. movement C. offense D. regulation 39. What kind of smokers does the speaker respect? A. Those who are from America and Europe. B. Those who respect others’ feelings. C. Those who defend the right to smoke. D. Those who set rules of smoking in public places. （B） IRELAND’S NUMBER ONE FOOD MAGAZINE Welcome The thing I love most about Irish people is our tolerance and acceptance of the fact we have no clear summertime. Sunshine hits our shores for the week here and there from April to October. So, we have adopted a “take it when we can get it” attitude and are ready to sunbathe and barbecue on a moment’s notice, and if all else fails, we will do it anyway. This July / August issue is our summer special edition and it’s brimming with summer eating ideas for any occasion when the sun peeks through the clouds--a family barbecue on when a whim, children’s garden party, a picnic with friends on the beach or an ice-cream sitting on your doorstep, we’ve got it covered. Check out 5 ways with skewer p. 42 so you can whip up something for the barbecue at a minute’s notice, 30 speedy salads and dressings p. 46 will mean you won’t arrive to a friend’s house empty-handed. Cooking begins at home, and most of us learned from one or both of our parents. Every junior cook should start their own collection of recipes, marking their favourites, tweaking them to their liking as they learn how to enjoy new ingredients. This is why we have created Easy Juniors p. 58 --our new cut-out-and-keep recipe page just for our younger readers. Speaking of cooking talent, I am delighted to say that the Easy Food Home-Cook Hero Awards 2013 is officially open for entries! This cookery competition is our annual event in which we ask everyone to enter their favourite recipes across a variety of categories. The top three finalists, as chosen by us, in each category are asked to join us on Saturday, November 9th in Cooks Academy Cookery School in Dublin city centre to cook their dish. Each dish will be judged by our panel of judges and then winners are announced at a black-tie awards ceremony in the Shelbourne Hotel that evening. People of all ages can enter and there are lots of categories to choose from, so go to p. 15 for full details on how to enter and best of luck. As always, I hope you enjoy reading. Dee Laffan, Editor Easy Food 3 40. According to the passage, which of the following statement is TRUE? A. What Irish people love most is sunbathing at the shore in summer. B. Salads and dressings seems like preferable gifts when visiting a friend. C. All the people learn to cook following one or both of their parents’ recipes. D. The winner of cookery competition will be announced at a formal ceremony. 41. This passage is mainly written to ________. A. introduce the content covered in the magazine B. provide cut-out-and-keep recipe for junior cooks C. invite cooking talents to take part in a competition D. call on Irish people to enjoy precious summertime 42. Easy Food is most probably written for ________. A. a food critic working for Michelin B. a mother of a new-born child C. a student interested in cooking D. a chef full of experience Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Are you a multitasker? Do you watch TV and cook dinner at the same time? Do you often interrupt your work to check your email? Do you talk on your phone while you’re driving? ___43___ According to a survey by the magazine Scientific American MIND, 90 percent of American adults multitask regularly. Most people say they multitask because they are too busy, and multitasking saves time. Popular electronic devices like tablets and smart phone s make it convenient to do several tasks at once. ___44___ Melissa Brown of Evanston, Illinois, says she has no trouble listening to music, surfing the Internet, and sending text messages to friends while she does her homework. ___45___ That’s because with multitasking, there are actually many “micro-interruptions” in which people stop one task, start another, and eventually return to the first one. These stops and starts make it difficult to concentrate, and so multitaskers actually waste time, according to a study at Microsoft Corporation. In the study, workers who interrupted their work to answer an email or text message took an average of 15 minutes to return to the work they were doing before the interruption. ___46___ This doesn’t matter if you’re only preparing a salad and listening to the radio, they say. But if you’re doing a difficult task that requires thinking, like writing a report, then multitasking can slow you down and cause mistakes. It can even be dangerous, as in the case of people who talk on the phone, eat, or even apply makeup while driving. A. So people feel like they are getting more done. B. If you do these or similar things, then you are one of many multitaskers. C. People are less able to filter out their knowledge of the previous task and look at things afresh. D. Some psychologists say that the human brain just isn’t good at concentrating on two things at the same time. E. Recent studies, however, show that Melissa and others like her are perhaps getting less done than they think they are. F. Now, with numerous studies to refer to, the answer could not be more clear-multitasking isn’t all it’s supposed to be. Ⅳ. Summary Writing 47. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. A Wise Way to Make Families Rules All groups of whatever size or nature, need standard operating procedures. Without them, groups may very well fall into confusion, chaos and conflict. The functions that rules can serve are indispensable. When it comes to parenting, making rules can make a big difference in our family as well. Actually, the issue is not whether our families need rules. We do need them. The real issue is how to motivate all family members to comply with (遵守) them. At some time in our lives we all have felt unmotivated to comply with some rule or policy that we had no voice in making. Denied the opportunity to participate in establishing a rule, most people feel imposed upon and resentful of the new rule. But when people actively participate in setting a rule or making a decision that will affect them, they are more highly motivated to comply with it. We call this the Principle of Participation, and it has proven its effectiveness in families as well. When children are given the opportunity to participate in setting rules or making decisions that will affect them, several good things happen. Children feel better about themselves — having more self-esteem (自尊心) and self-confidence. Such a good effect is due to their feeling that they have gained more “fate control” over their own lives. They also feel they are equal members of the family with an equal voice in making decisions and establishing rules — they’re part of a team, not second-class citizens. This means that families that function collaboratively and democratically will have closer and warmer relationships than those in which the adults act as bosses or authorities expecting the children to obey the rules made for them. Another important reason for encouraging the full participation of family members in decision making is that it often produces higher-quality solutions to problems. Two heads (or three, or four) are better than one. Shared decisions will be based not only on the knowledge and experience of the adults but also on those of the children. The admonition (告诫) that father knows best should be challenged now. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第Ⅱ卷 Ⅰ. Spelling Words 4% 汉译英 48. 原始的：远古的______ 49. 短暂的：暂时的______ 50. 许可证；执照______ 51. 标准；准则______ 52. 最初的；开始的______ 53. 申请人______ 54. 比较 n. ______ 55. 外科的；外科手术的______ Phrases 4% 汉译英 56. 几乎不可能 ______ 57. 去掉，清除______ 58. 忍受某事物 ______ 59. 做某事的尝试______ Ⅱ. Translation （15 分）（3+3+4+5） 60. 消息传来在网上随意发表恶意评论将被视为违法。（Word came …）（汉译英） ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 61. 无论他有多么不愿意承认，凌乱的生活环境是他们家庭矛盾的根源。（however）（汉译英） ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 62. 我们不能把他为我们所作出的贡献视为理所当然；相反的，我们应该给予重视。（attach）（汉译英） ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 63. 他之所以能成为一名家喻户晓的体育明星，不仅仅是因为他在球场上酣畅淋漓的表现，更是因为他的努力和谦虚。(not only) (汉译英) Ⅲ. Guided Writing （25分） 64. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions giver below in Chinese. 目前，很多家长在短视频（short video）上秀自己未成年孩子的日常生活，点击量轻松过百万。请就秀娃短视频走红现象，谈谈家长这种行为是否妥当，并说明理由。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 上海市川沙中学 2023 学年度第二学期高二阶段考试英语试卷 考生注意： 1. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写 （非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。 2. 答卷前，务必用钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸正面清楚填写班级、姓名、准考证号。 3. 考试时间：120分钟，总分：140分。 第Ⅰ卷 Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Checking out of a hotel. B. Asking for information. C. Making a complaint. D. Paying for the damage. 2. A. The man sounds like a Canadian. B. The man doesn’t speak with a Canadian accent. C. The woman also originally comes from Canada. D. The woman doesn’t like people with an accent. 3. A. On the 17th. B. On the 18th. C. On the 19th. D. On the 20th. 4. A. The variety of graphs is the most important. B. The focus should be on the sales strategies. C. Clarity is the key to a good presentation. D. Different forms of presentation must be used. 5. A. Only the best of us can avoid making such a mistake. B. Everyone makes mistakes, so the woman should not worry too much. C. It happened long ago, so people might have forgotten about it. D. The woman should have made better preparation for the speech. 6. A. She is down with a serous virus. B. Her efforts will finally pay off. C. Her project is not going smoothly. D. She has missed the project deadline. 7. A. She enjoyed the concert. B. She messed up the band. C. The man was not serious. D. The man was to blame. 8. A. No one coughs as badly as the man. B. The man is showing symptoms of a cold. C. The man is surprised that so many people are ill. D. The woman warns the man not to attend the classes. 9. A. The woman doesn’t need to go to work so early. B. The woman should take better care of her health. C. The woman is making up excuses for not exercising. D. The woman is losing good chances to save time. 10. A. Joanna is working here temporarily. B. Joanna is filling in an application. C. Jenny will be back in a day or two. D. Jenny will host a business conference. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Their keen landscaping skill. B. Their tough digestive system. C. Their strong pair of rear legs. D. Their sharp sense of taste. 12. A. By lowering the probability of wildfires occurring. B. By keeping the weather conditions wet and cool. C. By reducing human activities on the green vegetation. D. By passing through seeds into inaccessible spots. 13. A. Cost and safety. B. Coverage and procedure. C. Speed and health. D. Economy and habitat. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. To learn even numbers by heart. B. To memorize complicated sums. C. To pass a basic memory test. D. To report their learning experiences. 15. A. Those who woke up after 7:30 a. m. B. Those who slept for at least ten hours. C. Those who learned sums in the morning. D. Those who learned sums before bed. 16. A. Sleep helps to strengthen memories. B. Sleep helps us to learn words better. C. Sleep makes numbers stick in our memory. D. Sleep makes us get confused with numbers. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. Three. B. Six. C. Ten. D. Fourteen. 18. A. Children tend to arrive too early in the morning. B. He thinks children behave badly in the museum. C. The museum has a special exhibition on lately. D. The museum can’t accommodate so many children. 19. A. A special talk on the Early Man exhibit. B. An hour-long guided tour of the museum. C. A video introducing the museum in detail. D. A fun-filled interactive educational program. 20. A. Positive. B. Worried. C. Interested. D. Hesitant. Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Vertical Farms: Is the sky really the limit? At a hyper-controlled indoor farm in industrial South San Francisco, four robots carefully transfer seeds from barcoded trays into 4.5-meter towers that then are hung vertically (垂直地) inside a 445 sq metre grow room. Workers in branded jumpsuits ___1___ (inspect) the greens for imperfect produce, but there is almost ___2___. Then the pesticide-free product is packaged and put on a truck ___3___ (deliver) to a local market where the customer becomes the first person to touch it. With the world’s population expected to reach nearly 10 billion by 2050, most of ___4___ will be living in cities, experts say a 70% increase from current levels of global food production will be needed. But agricultural land is ___5___ short supply thanks to the climate crisis and urbanization. Indoor farming raised more than $1 bn in 2021, exceeding the combined funding in 2018 and 2019. But critics say the massive energy costs ___6___(need) to run vertical farms and greenhouses make the practice far less eco-friendly than their branding suggests. Designed to produce yields hundreds of times larger than traditional outdoor farming, vertical farms occupy spaces such as buildings or shipping containers while using 70 to 95% less water ___7___ they can recapture and recycle rather than waste it due to poor irrigation (灌溉) or evaporation. Products are fully traceable from seed to shelf, stay fresher longer and there’s little risk of bacteria, infected animal faces (粪便) or ___8___(have) to transport them long distances in trucks and planes. Entrepreneurs like Irving Fain CEO and founder of Manhattan-based Bowery Farming, say that they’re gathering knowledge about plant growth and agronomy (农学) that ___9___ take traditional farmers outdoors hundreds of years to accumulate. The possibilities raised by vertical farms have also captured the imagination of a number of large venture capitalists and private equality funds. “While it is still too early to tell ____10____ these high-tech, high-rise growing machines will become a real estate asset class in their own right, some investors are starting to take a serious look at vertical farming as a possible new asset category.” said Fain. 【答案】1. inspect 2. none 3. to be delivered 4. whom 5. in 6. needed 7. since 8. having 9. would 10. whether##if 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了“垂直农场”的发展，优势及潜能。 【1题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：穿着品牌连体衣的工人在检查绿色蔬菜是否有瑕疵，但几乎没有。空处缺少谓语，结合句意及前文four robots carefully transfer seeds可知，此处描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语Workers为复数，谓语动词用原形。故填inspect。 【2题详解】 考查代词。句意同上。根据句意可知，工人检查绿色产品是否有瑕疵，but引出转折，此处作there be句型的主语，表示“一个都没有”用不定代词none。故填none。 【3题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：然后，这种不含农药的产品被包装起来，放在卡车上，运送到当地市场，在那里，顾客成为第一个接触到它的人。deliver运输，根据句意，空处表示目的，用不定式，主语the pesticide-free product与deliver构成被动关系，用动词不定式的被动语态。故填to be delivered。 【4题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：到2050年，世界人口预计将达到近100亿，其中大多数将生活在城市，专家表示，全球粮食产量将需要在目前的基础上增加70%。most of与空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词population作从句中介词of的宾语，此处表示人，用关系代词whom引导从句。故填whom。 【5题详解】 考查介词。句意：但由于气候危机和城市化，农业用地供应短缺。in short supply意思为：供应短缺，固定短语。故填in。 【6题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：但批评人士表示，运营垂直农场和温室需要大量的能源成本，这使得这种做法远不像其品牌所暗示的那样环保。make为本句的谓语动词，空处修饰costs，作后置定语，用非谓语动词，costs与need的关系为被动，用过去分词。故填needed。 【7题详解】 考查连词。句意：垂直农场的产量是传统户外农场的数百倍，它占用建筑或集装箱等空间，同时用水量减少了70%至95%，由于它们可以回收和循环利用，而不是因为灌溉不良或蒸发而浪费。根据句意，空前讲到垂直农场用水量减少，后文讲到其中的原因，为完整句子，空处可以用since引导原因状语从句。故填since。 【8题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：产品从种子到货架都是完全可追溯的，保持新鲜的时间更长，几乎没有细菌、感染动物面孔或不得不用卡车和飞机长途运输的风险。空处与bacteria，infected animal faces并列，作介词of的宾语，用动名词形式。故填having。 【9题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：像欧文·费恩这样的企业家，位于曼哈顿的Bowery Farming的首席执行官和创始人，说他们正在收集关于植物生长和农学的知识，这些知识往往需要传统的农民在户外数百年的时间来积累。that引导定语从句，take为动词，空处缺少情态动词，结合take traditional farmers outdoors hundreds of years to accumulate可知，空处表示“往往”用would。故填would。 【10题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：虽然现在判断这些高科技的高层种植机器是否会成为房地产资产类别还为时过早，但一些投资者已经开始认真考虑将垂直农场作为一种可能的新资产类别。tell后为宾语从句，从句结构完整，空处表示“是否”用whether/if引导从句。故填whether/if。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. means B. previously C. mark D. interpreted E. stretches F. sound G. resulting H. absorb I. presence J. initially K. mastered How and why, roughly 2 million years ago, early human ancestors evolved large brains and began fashioning relatively advanced stone tools, is one of the great mysteries of evolution. Some researchers argue these changes were brought about by the invention of cooking. They point out that our bite weakened around the same time as our larger brains evolved, and that it takes less energy to ___11___ nutrients from cooked food. As a result, once they had learned the art, early chefs could invest less in their digestive systems and thus invest the ___12___ energy savings in building larger brains capable of complex thought. There is, however, a problem with the cooking theory. Most archaeologists believe the evidence of controlled fire ___13___ back no more than 790,000 years. Roger Summons of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology has a solution. Together with his team, he analyzed 1.7 million-year-old sandstones that formed in an ancient river at Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania. The region is famous for the large number of human fossils (化石) that have been discovered there, alongside an impressive ‘assembly of stone tools. The sandstones themselves have ___14___ yielded some of the world’s earliest complex hand axes —large tear-drop-shaped stone tools that are associated with Homo erectus (直立人). Creating an ax e by repeatedly knocking thin pieces off a raw stone in order to create two sharp cutting edges requires a significant amount of planning. Their appearance is therefore thought to ___15___ an important moment in intellectual evolution. During the process, the researchers found distinctive but unusual biological molecules (分子) that are often ___16___ as biomarkers of heat-tolerant bacteria. Some of these live in water between 85℃ and 95℃. The molecules’ ___17___suggests that an ancient river within the Gorge was once fed by one or more hot springs. Dr. Summons and his colleagues say the hot springs would have provided a convenient “pre-fire” ___18___ of cooking food. In New Zealand, the Maori have traditionally cooked food in hot springs, either by lowering it into the boiling water or fey digging a hole in the hot earth. Similar methods exist in Japan and Iceland, so it makes ___19___ sense, if difficult to prove, that early humans might have used hot springs to cook meat and roots. Richard Wrangham, who devised the cooking theory, is fascinated by the idea. Nonetheless, fire would have offered a distinct advantage to humans, once they had ____20____ the art of controlling it since, unlike a hot spring, it is a transportable resource. 【答案】11. H 12. G 13. E 14. B 15. C 16. D 17. I 18. A 19. F 20. K 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要讲的是研究说明烹饪的发明使早期人类祖先进化出了更大的大脑，并开始制造相对先进的石器。 【11题详解】 考查动词和不定式。句意：他们指出，在我们更大的大脑进化的同时，我们的咬合力也在减弱，而且从熟食中吸收营养所需的能量更少。由空后“nutrients from cooked food”可知，此处表示从熟食中吸收营养，空格处意为“吸收”，是absorb，it takes sth. to do sth.是固定句型，意为“做某事要消耗……”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式，因此空格处用动词原形，故选H。 【12题详解】 考查形容词。句意：因此，一旦他们学会了这门艺术，早期的厨师就可以减少对消化系统的投入，从而将节省下来的能量投入到更大的大脑中，从而能够进行复杂的思考。根据上文“early chefs could invest less in their digestive systems”可知，早期的厨师可以减少对消化系统的投入，从而将节省下来的能量投入到更大的大脑中，空格处意为“作为结果的”，用形容词作定语，修饰名词短语energy savings，是resulting。故选G。 【13题详解】 考查动词，时态和主谓一致。句意：大多数考古学家认为，有控制的火的证据可以追溯到不超过79万年前。由“back no more than 790,000 years”可知，此处表示“有控制的火的证据可以追溯到不超过79万年前”，“追溯到”是固定短语stretch back，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语evidence是单数，因此空格处动词用第三人称单数，故选E。 【14题详解】 考查副词。句意：砂岩本身此前曾产生过一些世界上最早的复杂手斧——与直立人有关的大型泪滴状石器。由后文“yielded some of the world’s earliest complex hand axes”可知，句子表示“砂岩本身此前曾产生过一些世界上最早的复杂手斧”，空格处意为“以前”，是副词previously，故选B。 【15题详解】 考查动词和不定式。句意：因此，它们的出现被认为标志着智力进化的一个重要时刻。由后文“an important moment in intellectual evolution”可知，它们的出现被认为标志着智力进化的一个重要时刻，空格处意为“标志”，是mark，sb. be thought to do sth意为“某人被认为做某事”，因此空格处用原形，故选C。 【16题详解】 考查动词和被动语态。句意：在这个过程中，研究人员发现了独特但不寻常的生物分子，这些分子通常被解释为耐热细菌的生物标志物。根据“distinctive but unusual biological molecules (分子) that are often”和后文“as biomarkers of heat-tolerant bacteria”可知，句子表示“研究人员发现了独特但不寻常的生物分子，这些分子通常被解释为耐热细菌的生物标志物”，空格处意为“解释”，是interpret，这些分子被解释为耐热细菌的生物标志物，句子用被动语态，空前有are，空格处用过去分词，故选D。 【17题详解】 考查名词。句意：这些分子的存在表明峡谷内的一条古老河流曾经由一个或多个温泉滋养。由前面的“found distinctive but unusual biological molecules”可知，此处表示“这些分子的存在表明峡谷内的一条古老河流曾经由一个或多个温泉滋养”，空格处意为“存在”，用名词作主语，是presence，是不可数名词，故选I。 【18题详解】 考查名词。句意：Summons博士和他的同事们说，温泉可能提供了一种方便的“预火”烹饪食物的方式。由下文“In New Zealand, the Maori have traditionally cooked food in hot springs, either by lowering it into the boiling water or fey digging a hole in the hot earth”可知，句子表示“温泉可能提供了一种方便的“预火”烹饪食物的方式”，空格处意为“方式，手段”，是 means，是单复数同形的词，故选A。 【19题详解】 考查形容词。句意：类似的方法在日本和冰岛也存在，所以早期人类可能利用温泉来煮肉和树根，这完全是有道理的，尽管很难证明。根据上文“In New Zealand, the Maori have traditionally cooked food in hot springs, either by lowering it into the boiling water or fey digging a hole in the hot earth. Similar methods exist in Japan and Iceland”可知，此处表示“所以早期人类可能利用温泉来煮肉和树根，这完全是有道理的”，空格处意为“合理的”，用形容词作定语，修饰名词sense，“合理的”的形容词是sound。故选F。 【20题详解】 考查动词和时态。句意：尽管如此，一旦人类掌握了控制火的艺术，火将为人类提供一个明显的优势，因为火与温泉不同，它是一种可运输的资源。由“the art of controlling it”可知，句子表示“一旦人类掌握了控制火的艺术，火将为人类提供一个明显的优势”，空格处意为“掌握”，是master，由had可知，时态是过去完成时，空格处用过去分词，故选K。 Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. In 1968 a grave dating from about 1100 was uncovered near Hattula, in Finland, Little remained of the occupant’s skeleton, but the inhumation included two swords and a knife. Such grave goods would normally suggest said occupant was a man. The skeleton was, ___21___ also decorated with brooches (胸针) and woollen clothing of types more usually worn at the time by women. This ___22___ guess that the burial was actually of a powerful woman, possibly a local ruler in her own right rather than just the wife of a male king. This would be noteworthy enough. But a re-examination of the remains, just published in the European Journal of Archaeology by Ulla Moilanen of the University of Turku and Elina Salmela of the University of Helsinki, suggests the truth may be yet more ___23___. Ms. Moilanen and Dr Salmela suspect that the individual ___24___ may have had outward characteristics of both a man and a woman. In 1968 working out the ___25___ of a skeleton in an ancient grave was tricky. After years of deterioration, the bones of men and women look pretty much ___26___. But that was before the use of DNA became possible. So Ms. Moilanen and Dr Salmela thought it worth trying again. Most people have two sex chromosomes (染色体): XX in women and XY in men. Find DNA from a Y-chromosome in a skeleton and the chances are the body was ___27___. And, looking at a fragment of femur brought to her by Ms. Moilanen, who is the archaeologist in the ___28___, Dr. Salmela, who is the geneticist, did indeed find such DNA. But not much of it. That led her to wonder about contamination (污染), but also to consider whether the individual in the grave had had a(n) ___29___ X-chromosome that was swamping the signal from the Y. Having an abnormal number of sex chromosomes is rare, but not vanishingly so. The particular ____30____ XXY leads to what is known as Klinefelter’s syndrome. To determine the occupant’s karyotype (染色体组型) from the tiny amount of DNA available, Dr. Salmela drew ____31____ with living people. The grave delivered 8,329 pieces, so she used a computer to draw samples of similar size from the genomes of living people with various karyotypes, including XXY, and also from mixtures of both sexes, to ____32____ contamination. She then compared these with the DNA from the grave and ____33____ it was 99.75% probable the individual concerned bad indeed had Klinefelter’s syndrome. While Dr Salmela was working all this out, Ms. Moilanen and her team had another look at the grave. They confirmed that it was a ____34____ burial. For instance, they found evidence of fine furs, probably from foxes. Clearly, this was a well-respected human being, but what led to that ____35____ in a world then dominated by male values is a matter of puzzle. Perhaps the person came from a family powerful enough for such things not to matter. 21. A. therefore B. what’s more C. nevertheless D. for instance 22. A. intensified B. classified C. dismissed D. compared 23. A. dull B. engaging C. unpleasant D. frightening 24. A. in question B. at large C. by comparison D. with doubt 25. A. composition B. age C. sex D. origin 26. A. distinct B. unidentified C. alike D. broken 27. A. female B. old C. young D. male 28. A. cooperation B. authority C. institute D. adventure 29. A. restored B. extra C. missing D. dominant 30. A. requirement B. interest C. combination D. emphasis 31. A. inspirations B. lessons C. inferences D. comparisons 32. A. eliminate B. monitor C. imitate D. generate 33. A. rejected B. concluded C. recalled D. confessed 34. A. high-status B. secret C. religious D. peaceful 35. A. conclusion B. evidence C. respect D. solution 【答案】21. C 22. A 23. B 24. A 25. C 26. C 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. C 31. D 32. C 33. B 34. A 35. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。1968年，在芬兰的哈图拉附近发现了一座大约1100年的坟墓，居住者的骨骼几乎没有留下，但在尸体中发现了两把剑和一把刀。这样的墓葬通常表明死者是男性。然而，他的骨架上也装饰着胸针和当时女性更常穿的羊毛衣服。这导致了考古学家对墓葬遗骸的性别的猜测。 【21题详解】 考查固定搭配和副词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，骨架上还装饰着胸针和当时女性更常穿的羊毛衣服。A. therefore因此；B. what’s more而且；C. nevertheless但是；D. for instance例如。根据上句“but the inhumation included two swords and a knife. Such grave goods would normally suggest said occupant was a man. (但尸体上有两把剑和一把刀。这样的墓葬通常表明死者是男性)”可知，上下句之间是转折关系。故选C。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这让人们更加猜测，埋葬的实际上是一位有权势的女性，可能是当地的一位统治者，而不仅仅是一位男性国王的妻子。A. intensified增强；B. classified分类；C. dismissed开除，解散；D. compared比较。根据上句“The skeleton was, ___1___ also decorated with brooches (胸针) and woollen clothing of types more usually worn at the time by women. (尽管如此，骨架上还装饰着胸针和当时女性更常穿的羊毛衣服。)”可知，骨架上装饰着的胸针和当时女性更常穿的羊毛衣服更加的让人们猜测，埋葬的实际上是一位有权势的女性。故选A。 23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，图尔库大学的Ulla Moilanen和赫尔辛基大学的Elina Salmela刚刚在《欧洲考古学杂志》上发表的对这些遗骸的重新检查表明，真相可能更吸引人。A. dull无聊的；B. engaging迷人的，吸引人的；C. unpleasant不愉快的；D. frightening吓人的。根据后句“Ms. Moilanen and Dr Salmela suspect that the individual ____4__ may have had outward characteristics of both a man and a woman.( Moilanen女士和Salmela博士怀疑这个人可能同时具有男性和女性的外在特征)”可知，遗骸可能同时具有男性和女性的外在特征的真相是非常的吸引人的。故选B。 【24题详解】 考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：Moilanen女士和Salmela博士怀疑这个人可能同时具有男性和女性的外在特征。A. in question存在疑问或不确定性的事物；B. at large未被限制的；自由的；C. by comparison相比之下，比较起来；D. with doubt怀疑地。根据本句中的“suspect(怀疑)”可知，人们对遗骸存在疑问。故选A。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：1968年，在一座古墓中确定一具骨骼的性别是件棘手的事情。A. composition成分构成，成分；B. age年龄；C. sex性别；D. origin起源。根据后句“After years of deterioration, the bones of men and women look pretty much ____6____. (经过多年的退化，男性和女性的骨骼看起来非常相似。)”可知，确定一具骨骼的性别是件棘手的事情。故选C。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：经过多年的退化，男性和女性的骨骼看起来非常相似。A. distinct不同的，有区别的；B. unidentified未经确认的；C. alike相似的；D. broken损坏的，破碎的；根据上句“In 1968 working out the _____5___ of a skeleton in an ancient grave was tricky. (1968年，在一座古墓中确定一具骨骼的性别是件棘手的事情)”可知，因为男性和女性的骨骼看起来非常相似，所以在一座古墓中确定一具骨骼的性别是件棘手的事情。故选C。 【27题详解】 查形容词词义辨析。句意：在骨骼中发现Y染色体的DNA，很有可能是男性。A. female女性的，妇女的；B. old年老的；C. young年轻的；D. male男性的。根据上句“Most people have two sex chromosomes (染色体): XX in women and XY in men. (大多数人有两条性染色体：女性为XX，男性为XY。)”可知，在骨骼中发现Y染色体的DNA很可能是男性。故选D。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她看着莫伊拉宁带给她的一块股骨碎片，莫伊拉宁是这次合作的考古学家。A. cooperation合作；B. authority权威；C. institute研究所，学院，协会；D. adventure冒险（经历），奇遇。根据后文“She then compared these with the DNA from the grave and ___13_____ it was 99.75% probable the individual concerned had indeed had Klinefelter’s syndrome. (然后，她将这些DNA与坟墓里的DNA进行了比较，得出结论：这个人确实患有克兰费尔特综合症的可能性为99.75%。)”可知，考古学家是相互的合作的。故选A。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这让她怀疑污染，但也让她考虑坟墓里的人是否有一条额外的X染色体，它淹没了来自Y的信号。A. restored精力恢复的；B. extra额外的；C. missing丢失的；D. dominant占支配地位的，占优势的。根据后文“The particular ____10____ XXY leads to what is known as Klinefelter’s syndrome. (这种特殊的组合导致了所谓的克氏综合症。)” 可知，Salmela考虑坟墓里的人是否有一条额外的X染色体。故选B。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种特殊的组合导致了所谓的克氏综合症。A. requirement要求；B. interest兴趣；C. combination结合；D. emphasis强调。根据上文“That led her to wonder about contamination (污染), but also to consider whether the individual in the grave had had a(n) ____9____ X-chromosome that was swamping the signal from the Y. (这让她怀疑污染，但也让她考虑坟墓里的人是否有一条额外的X染色体，它淹没了来自Y的信号。)”可知，XXY是一种特殊的组合。故选C。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了从可用的微量DNA中确定居住者的组型，Salmela博士与活着的人进行了比较。A. inspirations启示；B. lessons课程；C. inferences推理；D. comparisons比较。根据本句“with living people (活着的人)”可知，Salmela博士将DNA与活着的人进行了比较。故选D。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：坟墓里有8329块碎片，所以她用电脑从不同组型的活人基因组中提取了类似大小的样本，包括XXY，也有来自两性混合物的样本，以模拟污染。A. eliminate剔除，根除；B. monitor监控；C. imitate模仿； D. generate产生，引起。根据“so she used a computer to draw samples of similar size from the genomes of living people with various karyotypes, including XXY, and also from mixtures of both sexes (因此，她用电脑从不同组型(包括XXY)的活人基因组中提取了类似大小的样本，也从两性的混合体中提取了样本)”可知，Salmela博士这样做的目的是模拟污染。故选C。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，她将这些DNA与坟墓里的DNA进行了比较，得出结论：这个人确实患有克兰费尔特综合症的可能性为99.75%。A. rejected拒绝，驳回；B. concluded得出的结论；C. recalled拒绝，驳回；D. confessed坦白，认罪。根据“She then compared these with the DNA from the grave (然后，她将这些DNA与坟墓中的DNA进行了比较)”可知，她将这些DNA与坟墓中的DNA进行了比较进而得出结论。故选B。 【34题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在Salmela博士研究这一切的同时，Moilanen女士和她的团队对坟墓进行了另一次观察。他们确认这是一场地位很高的葬礼。A. high-status高级职位的；B. secret秘密的；C. religious宗教的；D. peaceful和平的。根据“For instance, they found evidence of fine furs, probably from foxes. (例如，他们发现了可能来自狐狸的精美皮毛的证据。)”可知，根据陪葬品来看，这是一场地位很高的葬礼。故选A。 【35题详解】 考查词名词词义辨析。句意：但是，在一个当时由男性价值观主导的世界里，是什么导致了这种尊重，这是一个谜。A. conclusion结论；B. evidence证据；C. respect尊重；D. solution解决办法。根据上句“Clearly, this was a well-respected human being(很明显，这是一位受人尊敬的人)”可知，这场葬礼是非常的受人尊重的。故选C。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） Earlier this year I took a trip to England and France to go see some friends. It was a wonderful trip; I really loved it. But one thing that struck me was how different these cultures are from our own. I guess this would strike any traveler because that is the first thing you notice and it is what makes travel so exciting. Of course, these cultures are also similar to ours in many respects, but it’s the differences that really stand out. One of the things that struck me in particular was the different attitudes towards smoking. As you know, there’s a growing anti-smoking sentiment in Europe. However, when I went to England and France, I got a new perspective on this issue. People seem to smoke anywhere and everywhere, even though anti-smoking signs are all over public places. On the radio, I heard about a member of the World Cup soccer team who smoked. And people were actually saying, “Well, he should not be on the team because he’s a bad example for our children.” I think, if they want to look at bad examples for their children, they should just go out on the street, or go into the subways, or look in the mirror, even, because so many of them are smoking in very inappropriate places. I visited a restaurant buffet in London and saw an English woman scooping up the food with a lit cigarette in her hand. Smoke rising into the air. Actually, when I talked to English people later, they were pretty shocked too, and they said that smoking in a restaurant is rude even by British standards. This did not give me a bad impression of English people. It gave me, on the contrary, a positive feeling toward American smokers. There are a lot of American smokers who will proclaim their right to smoke whenever they want, but they will follow the rules, generally, because they have consideration for nonsmokers. So this experience in Europe gave me more of a respect for this kind of smoker. 36. What surprised the writer during his trip to England and France? A. The wonderful trip to England and France. B. Cultural differences that he noticed during his trip. C. Similarity between cultures stands out more than differences. D. Growing anti-smoking views in Europe. 37. What did the speaker find in England and France about the smoking issue? A. People discuss the smoking issue on the radio. B. Smokers are allowed to smoke anywhere and anytime. C. People are encouraged to smoke in inappropriate places. D. Many smokers pay no attention to the “No Smoking” signs. 38. The word “sentiment” in the second paragraph means ______. A. feeling B. movement C. offense D. regulation 39. What kind of smokers does the speaker respect? A. Those who are from America and Europe. B. Those who respect others’ feelings. C. Those who defend the right to smoke. D. Those who set rules of smoking in public places. 【答案】36. B 37. D 38. A 39. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者到欧洲旅游时见到的欧洲烟民，特别是英国和法国烟民对吸烟的态度，他们无视禁烟标识，不顾他人感受，这让作者对美国烟民有了积极的评价。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“But one thing that struck me was how different these cultures are from our own.(但有一件事让我震惊，那就是这些文化与我们自己的文化是多么不同。)”可知，作者在英国和法国旅行时，他在旅途中注意到的文化差异使他感到惊讶。故选B项。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“People seem to smoke anywhere and everywhere, even though anti-smoking signs are all over public places.(人们似乎在任何地方和任何地方吸烟，尽管公共场所到处都是禁烟标志。)”可知，关于吸烟问题，说话者发现在英国和法国许多吸烟者不在意“禁止吸烟”的标志。故选D项。 【38题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词前“anti-smoking(反吸烟)”和下文“However, when I went to England and France, I got a new perspective on this issue. People seem to smoke anywhere and everywhere, even though anti-smoking signs are all over public places.(然而，当我去了英国和法国后，我对这个问题有了新的看法。人们似乎在任何地方和任何地方吸烟，尽管公共场所到处都是禁烟标志。)”可知推知，“anti-smoking”是欧洲民众对吸烟的一种态度或情感，与下文的现实状况“People seem to smoke anywhere and everywhere”形成对比，构成转折。所以sentiment与feeling同义，意为“看法，情绪”。故选A项。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“There are a lot of American smokers who will proclaim their right to smoke whenever they want, but they will follow the rules, generally, because they have consideration for nonsmokers. So this experience in Europe gave me more of a respect for this kind of smoker.(有很多美国吸烟者会宣称他们有随时吸烟的权利，但他们通常会遵守规则，因为他们考虑到不吸烟者。所以在欧洲的经历让我对这种吸烟者产生了更多的尊重。)”可知，作者尊重那些尊重他人感受的吸烟者。故选B项。 （B） IRELAND’S NUMBER ONE FOOD MAGAZINE Welcome The thing I love most about Irish people is our tolerance and acceptance of the fact we have no clear summertime. Sunshine hits our shores for the week here and there from April to October. So, we have adopted a “take it when we can get it” attitude and are ready to sunbathe and barbecue on a moment’s notice, and if all else fails, we will do it anyway. This July / August issue is our summer special edition and it’s brimming with summer eating ideas for any occasion when the sun peeks through the clouds--a family barbecue on when a whim, children’s garden party, a picnic with friends on the beach or an ice-cream sitting on your doorstep, we’ve got it covered. Check out 5 ways with skewer p. 42 so you can whip up something for the barbecue at a minute’s notice, 30 speedy salads and dressings p. 46 will mean you won’t arrive to a friend’s house empty-handed. Cooking begins at home, and most of us learned from one or both of our parents. Every junior cook should start their own collection of recipes, marking their favourites, tweaking them to their liking as they learn how to enjoy new ingredients. This is why we have created Easy Juniors p. 58 --our new cut-out-and-keep recipe page just for our younger readers. Speaking of cooking talent, I am delighted to say that the Easy Food Home-Cook Hero Awards 2013 is officially open for entries! This cookery competition is our annual event in which we ask everyone to enter their favourite recipes across a variety of categories. The top three finalists, as chosen by us, in each category are asked to join us on Saturday, November 9th in Cooks Academy Cookery School in Dublin city centre to cook their dish. Each dish will be judged by our panel of judges and then winners are announced at a black-tie awards ceremony in the Shelbourne Hotel that evening. People of all ages can enter and there are lots of categories to choose from, so go to p. 15 for full details on how to enter and best of luck. As always, I hope you enjoy reading. Dee Laffan, Editor Easy Food 3 40. According to the passage, which of the following statement is TRUE? A. What Irish people love most is sunbathing at the shore in summer. B. Salads and dressings seems like preferable gifts when visiting a friend. C. All the people learn to cook following one or both of their parents’ recipes. D. The winner of cookery competition will be announced at a formal ceremony. 41. This passage is mainly written to ________. A. introduce the content covered in the magazine B. provide cut-out-and-keep recipe for junior cooks C. invite cooking talents to take part in a competition D. call on Irish people to enjoy precious summertime 42. Easy Food is most probably written for ________. A a food critic working for Michelin B. a mother of a new-born child C. a student interested in cooking D. a chef full of experience 【答案】40. D 41. A 42. C 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一本爱尔兰美食杂志，杂志里详细介绍了一些美食的做法，也激励人们去参加家庭美食烹饪大赛。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“The top three finalists, as chosen by us, in each category are asked to join us on Saturday, November 9th in Cooks Academy Cookery School in Dublin city centre to cook their dish. Each dish will be judged by our panel of judges and then winners are announced at a black-tie awards ceremony in the Shelbourne Hotel that evening.”（由我们选举出的前三名入围者，请于11月9日星期六在都柏林市中心的厨师学院烹饪学校加入我们，烹制他们的菜肴。每道菜都将由我们的评委小组进行评判，然后当晚在Shelbourne Hotel举行的正式颁奖典礼上宣布获奖者。）可知，烹饪冠军将会在晚会上正式颁奖。故选D项。 【41题详解】 推理判断题。根据题目“IRELAND’S NUMBER ONE FOOD MAGAZINE”（爱尔兰第一的美食杂志）可知，这篇文章主要是介绍一本美食杂志。再根据第三段“Check out 5 ways with skewer p. 42 so you can whip up something for the barbecue at a minute’s notice, 30 speedy salads and dressings p. 46 will mean you won’t arrive to a friend’s house empty-handed.（第42页看看5种方法，这样你就可以马上为烧烤准备东西，30种快速沙拉和调味品，第46页意味着你不会空手到朋友家。）”以及第四段中“This is why we have created Easy Juniors p. 58 --our new cut-out-and-keep recipe page just for our younger readers.（这就是为什么我们创建了简单的青少年页面，第58页——我们新的剪切和保留的食谱页面，只是为我们的年轻读者。）”这些都是美食杂志的具体内容。故选A项。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Cooking begins at home, and most of us learned from one or both of our parents. Every junior cook should start their own collection of recipes, marking their favourites, tweaking them to their liking as they learn how to enjoy new ingredients. This is why we have created Easy Juniors p. 58 --our new cut-out-and-keep recipe page just for our younger readers.”（烹饪从家里开始，我们大多数人都是从父母一方或双方那里学会的。每个初级厨师都应该开始自己的食谱收集，标记他们的最爱，在他们学习如何享用新食材的过程中根据自己的喜好调整它们，这就是为什么我们创建了Easy Juniors第58页——我们为年轻读者创建的新食谱页面。）可知，Easy Food主要是为对烹饪感兴趣的年轻人创办的。故选C项。 Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Are you a multitasker? Do you watch TV and cook dinner at the same time? Do you often interrupt your work to check your email? Do you talk on your phone while you’re driving? ___43___ According to a survey by the magazine Scientific American MIND, 90 percent of American adults multitask regularly. Most people say they multitask because they are too busy, and multitasking saves time. Popular electronic devices like tablets and smart phone s make it convenient to do several tasks at once. ___44___ Melissa Brown of Evanston, Illinois, says she has no trouble listening to music, surfing the Internet, and sending text messages to friends while she does her homework. ___45___ That’s because with multitasking, there are actually many “micro-interruptions” in which people stop one task, start another, and eventually return to the first one. These stops and starts make it difficult to concentrate, and so multitaskers actually waste time, according to a study at Microsoft Corporation. In the study, workers who interrupted their work to answer an email or text message took an average of 15 minutes to return to the work they were doing before the interruption. ___46___ This doesn’t matter if you’re only preparing a salad and listening to the radio, they say. But if you’re doing a difficult task that requires thinking, like writing a report, then multitasking can slow you down and cause mistakes. It can even be dangerous, as in the case of people who talk on the phone, eat, or even apply makeup while driving. A. So people feel like they are getting more done. B. If you do these or similar things, then you are one of many multitaskers. C. People are less able to filter out their knowledge of the previous task and look at things afresh. D. Some psychologists say that the human brain just isn’t good at concentrating on two things at the same time. E. Recent studies, however, show that Melissa and others like her are perhaps getting less done than they think they are. F. Now, with numerous studies to refer to, the answer could not be more clear-multitasking isn’t all it’s supposed to be. 【答案】43. B 44. A 45. E 46. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。文章通过调查数据和研究结果，探讨了多任务处理 (multitasking) 的现象、原因、效果以及潜在的风险。 【43题详解】 上文“Do you watch TV and cook dinner at the same time? Do you often interrupt your work to check your email? Do you talk on your phone while you’re driving? (您是否一边看电视一边做饭？您是否经常在做工作时中断去查看电子邮件？您是否在开车时打电话？)”通过一系列问题引出了多任务处理的常见场景，空格处需要一个总结性的陈述来衔接上文和下文。B项中的“then you are one of many multitaskers (那么，你就是众多多任务处理者之一。)”与上文的问题相呼应，指出如果读者有这些行为，那么他们就是众多多任务处理者之一。故选B。 【44题详解】 上文“Most people say they multitask because they are too busy, and multitasking saves time. (大多数人说他们进行多任务处理是因为他们太忙了，而且多任务处理可以节省时间。)”提到了人们进行多任务处理的原因，空格处需要一个进一步解释或举例的句子。A项中的“So people feel like they are getting more done (所以人们感觉他们完成了更多的事情。)”与上文相衔接，说明人们认为多任务处理可以让他们完成更多工作。故选A。 【45题详解】 下文“That’s because with multitasking, there are actually many “micro-interruptions” in which people stop one task, start another, and eventually return to the first one. (这是因为在多任务处理中，实际上存在许多“微中断”，人们会停止一个任务，开始另一个任务，最终又回到第一个任务。)”说明多任务其实会导致工作效率下降。E项中“Recent studies, however, show that Melissa and others like her are perhaps getting less done than they think they are (然而，最近的研究显示，像梅丽莎这样的人可能并没有他们认为的那样完成了那么多工作。)”指出实际上这些多任务处理者可能并没有他们认为的那么高效，因为他们会被不断打断，这和下文逻辑相符，而且也和上文的例子相承接，故选E。 【46题详解】 下文“But if you’re doing a difficult task that requires thinking, like writing a report, then multitasking can slow you down and cause mistakes. (但是，如果你正在做一项需要思考的困难任务，比如写报告，那么多任务处理可能会让你放慢速度并导致错误。)”说明做两件有难度的事情，会导致工作效率下降，D项中的“Some psychologists say that the human brain just isn’t good at concentrating on two things at the same time (一些心理学家表示，人类的大脑并不擅长同时集中注意力在两件事情上。)”提供了心理学的观点，解释了为什么多任务处理会导致效率低下。故选D。 Ⅳ. Summary Writing 47. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. A Wise Way to Make Families Rules All groups, of whatever size or nature, need standard operating procedures. Without them, groups may very well fall into confusion, chaos and conflict. The functions that rules can serve are indispensable. When it comes to parenting, making rules can make a big difference in our family as well. Actually, the issue is not whether our families need rules. We do need them. The real issue is how to motivate all family members to comply with (遵守) them. At some time in our lives we all have felt unmotivated to comply with some rule or policy that we had no voice in making. Denied the opportunity to participate in establishing a rule, most people feel imposed upon and resentful of the new rule. But when people actively participate in setting a rule or making a decision that will affect them, they are more highly motivated to comply with it. We call this the Principle of Participation, and it has proven its effectiveness in families as well. When children are given the opportunity to participate in setting rules or making decisions that will affect them, several good things happen. Children feel better about themselves — having more self-esteem (自尊心) and self-confidence. Such a good effect is due to their feeling that they have gained more “fate control” over their own lives. They also feel they are equal members of the family with an equal voice in making decisions and establishing rules — they’re part of a team, not second-class citizens. This means that families that function collaboratively and democratically will have closer and warmer relationships than those in which the adults act as bosses or authorities expecting the children to obey the rules made for them. Another important reason for encouraging the full participation of family members in decision making is that it often produces higher-quality solutions to problems. Two heads (or three, or four) are better than one. Shared decisions will be based not only on the knowledge and experience of the adults but also on those of the children. The admonition (告诫) that father knows best should be challenged now. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The passage emphasizes the importance of establishing family rules through active participation of all family members, which fosters a sense of self-esteem, self-confidence, and equality among them, leading to a more collaborative and democratic family environment. It also highlights the benefits of collective decision-making in generating higher-quality solutions to family problems. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了在家庭中制定规则的重要性，以及如何通过家庭成员的积极参与来提高遵守规则的动机。文章指出，当家庭成员有机会参与制定规则或决策时，他们会更愿意遵守这些规则，因为这是参与原则的应用。此外，文章还提到了参与规则制定对孩子们的积极影响，以及集体决策如何带来更高质量的解决方案。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①Without them, groups may very well fall into confusion, chaos and conflict. ②The real issue is how to motivate all family members to comply with them. ③We call this the Principle of Participation, and it has proven its effectiveness in families as well. ④When children are given the opportunity to participate in setting rules or making decisions that will affect them, several good things happen. ⑤This means that families that function collaboratively and democratically will have closer and warmer relationships than those in which the adults act as bosses or authorities expecting the children to obey the rules made for them. ⑥Shared decisions will be based not only on the knowledge and experience of the adults but also on those of the children. 2. 缜密构思 将第①和②要点进行重组，将第③、④和⑤要点进行整合，最后将第⑥要点单独列出。 3. 遣词造句 The text underscores the significance of creating household guidelines through the engaged involvement of every family member It cultivates a feeling of self-worth, assurance, and mutual respect, resulting in a more cooperative and egalitarian home atmosphere. It also spotlights the advantages of joint decision-making in yielding more effective resolutions to domestic issues. 【点睛】[高分句型1] The passage emphasizes the importance of establishing family rules through active participation of all family members, which fosters a sense of self-esteem, self-confidence, and equality among them, leading to a more collaborative and democratic family environment.运用了which引导的定语从句以及现在分词充当结果状语，对文章第一至第三段进行了总结。 [高分句型2] It also highlights the benefits of collective decision-making in generating higher-quality solutions to family problems.运用了多种高级词汇以及介词+动名词的结构，对最后一段进行了总结。 第Ⅱ卷 Ⅰ. Spelling Words 4% 汉译英 48. 原始的：远古的______ 49. 短暂的：暂时的______ 50. 许可证；执照______ 51. 标准；准则______ 52. 最初的；开始的______ 53. 申请人______ 54. 比较 n. ______ 55. 外科的；外科手术的______ 【答案】48. primitive 49. temporary 50. license 51. criterion 52. original 53. applicant 54. comparison 55. surgical 【解析】 【48题详解】 表示“原始的：远古的”英文表达为primitive，故填primitive。 【49题详解】 表示“短暂的：暂时的”英文表达为temporary，故填temporary。 【50题详解】 表示“许可证；执照”英文表达为license，故填license。 【51题详解】 表示“标准；准则”英文表达为criterion，故填criterion。 【52题详解】 表示“最初的；开始的”英文表达为original，故填original。 【53题详解】 表示“申请人”英文表达为applicant，故填applicant。 【54题详解】 表示“比较”英文表达为comparison，故填comparison。 【55题详解】 表示“外科的；外科手术的”英文表达为surgical，故填surgical。 Phrases 4% 汉译英 56. 几乎不可能 ______ 57. 去掉，清除______ 58. 忍受某事物 ______ 59. 做某事的尝试______ 【答案】56. out of the question 57. get rid of 58. endure doing sth. 59. make an attempt to do 【解析】 【56题详解】 几乎不可能，可以使用一个固定短语out of the question，故答案填out of the question。 【57题详解】 去掉，清除可以使用短语get rid of，其中rid可以作动词或名词，意思是“去掉、处理”，故答案填get rid of。 【58题详解】 忍受动词是endure，需要接doing作宾语，故答案填endure doing sth.。 【59题详解】 尝试的英文是attempt，可以充当名词或动词，这里取其名词词性，因为有“做某事的”作为定语修饰它。attempt后面需要接to do，前面添加动词make，故答案填make an attempt to do。 Ⅱ. Translation （15 分）（3+3+4+5） 60. 消息传来在网上随意发表恶意评论将被视为违法。（Word came …）（汉译英） ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Word came that making malicious comments online at will would be considered illegal. 【解析】 【详解】考查同位语从句的固定句型。题目要求使用word came...这个句型，如果后面跟的是完整的句子，则需要再加一个that，从而构成一个修饰word的同位语从句。在从句中，主语是“在网上随意发表恶意评论”，应该使用动名词making做主语，发表恶意评论翻译为make malicious comments，随意翻译为at will。谓语是“被视为”，翻译为would be considered，因为主句的came是过去式，所以这里也使用过去将来时。补语是“违法”，翻译为illegal。故整句可翻译为Word came that making malicious comments online at will would be considered illegal. 61. 无论他有多么不愿意承认，凌乱的生活环境是他们家庭矛盾的根源。（however）（汉译英） ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】However much he hates to admit it, the messy living conditions is the root cause of their family conflicts. 【解析】 【详解】考查状语从句，时态和短语。“无论他有多么不愿意承认”是状语，结合提示词用However引导让步状语从句，However修饰状语much，“不愿意承认”可译为hate to admit it，根据语境用一般现在时，主句主语“凌乱的生活环境”译为the messy living conditions，“他们家庭矛盾”译为their family conflicts，“……的根源”译为the root of，结合主谓一致，故译为However much he hates to admit it, the messy living conditions is the root cause of their family conflicts. 62. 我们不能把他为我们所作出的贡献视为理所当然；相反的，我们应该给予重视。（attach）（汉译英） ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】We can’t take his contributions to us for granted; on the contrary, we should attach importance to them. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语和介词短语。根据所给中文提示词，“我们”为主语，译为“we”，“不能”用情态动词“can’t”，“把……视为理所当然”作谓语，为固定搭配：take...for granted，“他为我们所作出的贡献”为宾语，译为“his contributions to us”；“相反的”作插入语，连接两个并列的句子，为固定搭配on the contrary，“应该”用情态动词“should”，“给予重视”用固定搭配attach importance to。故译为：We can’t take his contributions to us for granted; on the contrary, we should attach importance to them. 63. 他之所以能成为一名家喻户晓的体育明星，不仅仅是因为他在球场上酣畅淋漓的表现，更是因为他的努力和谦虚。(not only) (汉译英) 【答案】The reason why he can become a household sports star is not only because of his smooth performance on the court, but also because of his hard work and modesty. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句型。表示“……是因为……”句型为The reason why ... is（that）...，其中why引导限制性定语从句；主语为he，“成为一名家喻户晓的体育明星”可翻译为become a household sports star，根据提示可知，可使用固定句型not only...but also...，意为“不仅……而且……”，“因为……”可使用固定短语because of，后接名词或名词短语，“在球场上酣畅淋漓的表现”可翻译为his smooth performance on the court，“他的努力和谦虚”可翻译为his hard work and modesty。根据语境可知，该句陈述一般事实，可使用一般现在时。故翻译为The reason why he can become a household sports star is not only because of his smooth performance on the court, but also because of his hard work and modesty. Ⅲ. Guided Writing （25分） 64. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions giver below in Chinese. 目前，很多家长在短视频（short video）上秀自己未成年孩子的日常生活，点击量轻松过百万。请就秀娃短视频走红现象，谈谈家长这种行为是否妥当，并说明理由。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文 The phenomenon of parents showing their under-age children's daily lives on short video platforms, getting millions of views, has sparked a debate on the appropriateness of such actions. On one hand, these videos can capture happy moments and create cherished memories. They also offer an opportunity for families to bond and engage in creative activities together. However, the practice raises significant concerns about the child's privacy and well-being. Children are pushed into the public eye, potentially exposing them to unwanted attention. Furthermore, too much exposure to the Internet can affect a child's academic performance, which can have a bad effect on children's development. In conclusion, while sharing family moments online is not totally wrong, commercializing a child's daily life for public entertainment is questionable. It is crucial for parents to prioritize their child's privacy and long-term well-being over the brief rewards of social media fame. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于开放性作文。目前，很多家长在短视频（short video）上秀自己未成年孩子的日常生活，点击量轻松过百万。请就秀娃短视频走红现象，谈谈家长这种行为是否妥当，并说明理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 引发：spark→ignite 快乐的：glad→pleasant 影响：affect→influence 分享：share→exchange 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：The phenomenon of parents showing their under-age children's daily lives on short video platforms, getting millions of views, has sparked a debate on the appropriateness of such actions. 拓展句：The phenomenon of parents who show their under-age children's daily lives on short video platforms, getting millions of views, has sparked a debate on the appropriateness of such actions. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Furthermore, too much exposure to the Internet can affect a child's academic performance, which can have a bad effect on children's development.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】Children are pushed into the public eye, potentially exposing them to unwanted attention.（运用了现在分词作状语） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$