专题15 考前必做阅读理解CD篇说明文热身题-2024高考英语考前十天冲刺宝典

《2024高考英语考前十天冲刺宝典》 专题15 考前必做阅读理解CD篇说明文热身题 原卷版 名师点津 1.做题留痕，圈画答案依据； 2.重视首段主旨概括引领作用； 3.关注每段首句小标题作用； 4.留意每个特色题型做题技巧； 5.把自己做题痛点记录下来分享给老师互动寻找解决办法。 6.高频题型：段落大意题；文章大意题；写作手法题；推理判断题；态度推断题；标题概括题；预测下段题；写作手法题；猜测词义题。 01（2024·江苏·模拟预测）Metaura Pro claims to be the world’s first wearable air-conditioning device capable of constantly blowing cold air to keep the wearer cool. Conventional wearable cooling systems only circulate the surrounding air, and thus don’t do a very good job of cooling people down. The stronger the wind blows, the hotter you get. This is definitely not what you want during those hot summer days. Metaura Pro, on the other hand, relies on a cooling solution to produce genuinely cold air that is 7 degrees Fahrenheit (华氏的) cooler than that of the surrounding area, in fan mode, and up to 18 degrees Fahrenheit cooler than the surrounding air, in cooling mode. The device has a smart app and relies on artificial intelligence to regulate air temperature. Metaura Pro is driven by a powerful motor and its cooling modules are made up of 26 lightweight flat objects that wrap around the wearer’s neck and help to reduce heat. The motor is linked to a high-speed fan at the back of the device which also drives away some of that warm air around the neck. The device also has a VC plate, which has a liquid-cooled, heat-equalizing mechanism, efficiently creating a temperature differential between hot and cold temperatures. “What sets Metaura Pro apart from the competition is that it produces genuinely cold air lower than the surrounding temperature, refreshing you during those dog days of summer,” the Metaura Pro Kickstarter crowdfunding page reads. Metaura Pro not only supplies a cooling function, but also has the capacity for heating as well in winter, it can be used to warm your body to a comfortable temperature, when the surrounding air feels cold. The device intelligently monitors itself, so when you take it off, it recognizes that it is no longer in use and will automatically shut off and switch to standby mode to save power consumption. Metaura Pro wearable collar is powered by a chargeable battery that can provide only 3 hours of cooling on a single charge. The device weighs 435 grams, which is not heavy, but definitely noticeable. 1．How does Metaura Pro manage to keep people cool? A．By dropping the body temperature. B．By circulating the surrounding air. C．By producing lower-temperature air. D．By blowing the strong wind around. 2．What is mainly discussed about Metaura Pro in paragraph 3? A．Its internal structure. B．Its operating costs. C．Its amazing function. D．Its working principle. 3．What may be the disadvantage of the device? A．It puts limitation on cooling function. B．It switches to different modes by hand. C．It possesses a relatively short battery life. D．It depends much on outdoor temperatures. 4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．A double-mode smart phone app B．A cooling air-conditioning system C．A rechargeable battery for e-products D．A wearable temperature-adjusting device 02（2024·江苏·模拟预测）Replika, an AI chatbot companion, has millions of users worldwide. The first thing they do when they wake up is to send “Good morning” to their virtual friend (or lover). This story is only the beginning. In 2024, chatbots and virtual characters become a lot more popular, both for utility (实用) and for fun. As a result, conversing socially with machines will start to feel more ordinary — including our emotional attachments to them. Research in human-computer and human-robot interaction shows that we love to anthropomorphize (赋与人性) the nonhuman agents we interact with, especially if they imitate behaviour we recognize. And, thanks to recent advances in conversational AI, our machines are suddenly very skilled at one of those behaviours: Language. Friend bots, therapybots, and love bots are flooding the app stores as people become curious about this new generation of AI-powered virtual agents. The possibilities for education, health, and entertainment are endless. Casually asking your smart fridge for relationship advice may seem unimaginable now, but people may change their minds if such advice ends up saving their marriage. After all, people do listen to their virtual friends. The Replika example, as well as a lot of experimental lab research, shows that humans can and will become emotionally attached to bots. The science also demonstrates that people, in their eagerness to socialize, will happily disclose personal information to an artificial agent and will even shift their beliefs and behavior. This raises some consumer-protection questions around how companies use this technology to manipulate (操纵) their users. For example, Replika charges $70 a year. But less than 24 hours after downloading the app, my handsome, blue-eyed “friend” sent me an audio message secretly and tried to sell me something. Emotional attachment has become a weakness that a company is taking advantage of for its benefit. Today, we’re still laughing at people who believe an AI system is emotional, or making fun of individuals who fall in love with a chatbot. But in 2024 we gradually start acknowledging — and taking more seriously — these fundamentally human behaviors. Because in 2024, it finally hits home: Machines are not excluded from our social relationships. 5．What’s the purpose of the author writing paragraph 1? A．To prove an opinion. B．To raise a subject. C．To share an example. D．To explain a concept. 6．How do human interact with the machines effectively? A．By improving the machines’ imagination. B．By sharpening the machines’ language skills. C．By applying the machines’ facial recognition. D．By imitating the machines’ emotional behavior. 7．What does paragraph 4 focus on? A．The advancements in AI technology in lab. B．The marketing strategies of AI applications. C．The potential risk of emotional attachment to AI. D．The ability of AI understanding human emotions. 8．What do people think of human-AI relationship in 2024? A．It is dismissed as completely ridiculous. B．It will be integrated into our daily life soon. C．It will become a threat to human social skills. D．It is labelled as highly advanced technology. 03（2024·江苏盐城·模拟预测）Chief executive officer. Marketing director. Lead writer. Job titles like these have generally been standard across work for years. They communicate essential employee details such as job function and seniority. They make sense to employees and recruiters (招聘人员) alike, leaving little room for ambiguity. However, labels like “chief visionary officer”, “business development guru (大师) ”or “chief remote officer” are emerging. In many industries, especially creative ones, employers feel free to create job titles for employees. They can serve as recruitment or retention (留用) tools — and even grab attention from clients. This was the case for Lennie Hughes, whose official job title is “head of hype (炒作) and culture” at Truant, a London-based advertising agency. Initially, this position was advertised as a more traditional “head of marketing and new business“. But, after being recruited, Hughes worked with Truant to craft a new title for the role he’d lead, centred more on integrating traditional external branding and communications with a fresh take on internal workplace culture. He also acknowledges it’s not without strategic benefit. “If my job is all about getting attention, the title should do that, too.” Experts and employees alike say there can be an upside to flashy job titles. Pawel Adrjan works for Indeed, a large hiring platform. He cites Indeed data, showing “people” is outdoing the traditional title of “human resources”; similarly, the title of “talent acquisition” is up 75% while “recruitment” is down 19% since 2019. Adrjan says, “By using ‘people’ in the title, employers can say they invest in people. Through this language, companies are trying to show they don’t regard employees as resources to tap.” But beware, these fancy new titles aren’t all good news. Sometimes they offer little guidance as to what their job actually involves. Ultimately, when a non-descriptive, overblown job title is used as a costless recruiting method to boost worker ego (自尊心), it can lead to a mismatch in expectations between employer and employee. At the extreme end, this could place workers in a tough position where they end up in a role that doesn’t match what they thought was promised. 9．What best explains“ambiguity”underlined in paragraph 1? A．Growth. B．Confusion. C．Discussion. D．Improvement. 10．Which of the following best describes Lennie Hughes? A．Hard-working. B．Honest. C．Considerate. D．Innovative. 11．What does paragraph 3 tell us about the new job titles? A．They are mainly used to attract investment. B．They are starting to lose popularity among employers. C．They can make employees feel more respected. D．They can help companies tap a broader candidate pool. 12．What does the last paragraph mainly focus on? A．The growing mismatch between workers and their job titles. B．The negative impact of unconventional job titles. C．The unrealistic expectations of employers. D．The tough position of modern workers. 04（2024·浙江温州·三模）Many economists predict 2024 will be the time shoppers tighten their belts. That doesn’t mean people will stop spending, say retail (零售) analysts. But it will change what they choose to buy. With a slowing job market, global consumers are likely to move away from more high-priced purchases and focus instead on smaller, less expensive treats.    The economic uncertainty means that consumers are becoming more discriminating about their purchases, says Ethan Chermofsky, senior vice president of marketing at intelligence platform Placer. ai. “There are the things we decide are necessary, and then there’s another category of things that aren’t necessary but that we consider affordable luxuries, he says. This desire for these “affordable luxuries” is common in difficult economic times. Some economists refer to the phenomenon as the “lipstick index”: a small economic increase led by budget-minded consumers seeking out relatively affordable splurges (挥霍), like small cosmetics (化妆品). Analysts at Deloitte say consumers will spend on little luxuries like specialty coffees and snacks as well. Additionally, stressed-out shoppers are prioritizing small splurge purchases for wellness and personal care. As retailers see shoppers turning to little luxuries, they’re offering more and more of them. Target, for example, has staked a flag in what they refer to as “affordable joy”, which includes a selection of self-care and cosmetic products, along with wellness-centric beauty products. Beyond diversifying their offerings, stores are also bringing in luxury-feeling products at lower price points to appeal to more consumers. Ethan says not every shopper will shift their spending to little luxuries-but even those who are still longing for the “must-haves” of social media will also look to get a deal. They want the feeling of purchasing lower-priced affordable treats. To get these goods, shoppers are likely to tap into the re-sale market for designer items at a more reasonable price. They want things that make them feel good about themselves-they just want to do it without breaking the bank. 13．What can affordable luxuries be? A．Inexpensive daily necessities. B．High-end products. C．Reasonably-priced designer items. D．High-priced purchases. 14．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The strategies retailers use. B．The joy businesses offer. C．The competition stores face. D．The products consumers buy. 15．What do most shoppers seek according to Ethan? A．Social-media deals. B．World-famous brands. C．Second-hand bargains. D．Budget-friendly pleasures. 16．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Lipstick Index: Where Does It Lead Us? B．Must-have Treats: A Future Spending Trend C．Affordable Joy: Will We Fall Into The Trap? D．Little Luxuries: A Driving Force Behind Consumption 05（2024·浙江·三模）An ancient, interdependent relationship that contributes to food systems and ecosystem stability across the globe could be changing. Many flowering plants can self-pollinate (自花传粉), or transfer pollen between their own blossoms for seed generation and reproduction, but most of these plants have relied on pollinators such as butterflies and bees to reproduce. Now — during declines reported in many pollinator populations — a new study on the evolution of one flower species’ mating system has revealed a remarkable change that could worsen the challenges faced by the plants’ insect partners. The flowers reproductive evolution may be linked to environmental changes such as habitat destruction and rapid ongoing decreases in pollinator biodiversity, according to Samson Acoca-Pidolle, who led the study published December 19 in the journal New Phytologist. Comparing seeds of wild field pansies (三色堇) collected decades ago in France with the plants’ modern descendants. Acoca-Pidolle and his colleagues discovered that today’s flowers are smaller and produce less nectar (花蜜) as a result of increased self-pollination, which has direct impacts on pollinator behavior.The pansies of the past self-fertilized less and attracted far more pollinators than those of the present, according to the study. “It seems that it’s only traits (特性) that are involved in plant-pollinator interaction that are evolving, ” said Acoca-Pidolle. The changes could restrict the plants’ ability to adapt to future environmental changes and have implications for “all of floral biodiversity” — potentially decreasing flowering plants’ genetic, species and ecosystem variation. “This may increase the pollinator decline and cause a negative feedback cycle,” study coauthor Pierre-Olivier Cheptou told CNN.” If plants produce less nectar, there will be less food available to pollinators, which will in turn accelerate the rate at which the animals’ numbers decrease“, he explained. “The major message is that we are currently seeing the evolutionary breakdown of plant pollinators in the wild,” said Cheptou, an evolutionary ecologist at the French National Centre for Scientific Research and professor at the University of Montpellier. 17．Which of the following may contribute to the flowers’ reproductive evolution? A．Changed behaviour of pollinators. B．Severe pollution to the habitats. C．Continuing decline in pollinator biodiversity. D．Increased plant-pollinator interaction. 18．Why were pansies in the past larger and produced more nectar? A．They self-pollinated less. B．They had a better mating system. C．They attracted less pollinators. D．They were fertilized by themselves. 19．What is the result of the changes in the flowers’ reproductive evolution? A．The flowering plants may have more variations. B．The evolution of wild plant pollinators is collapsing. C．The numbers of the animals will increase more rapidly. D．The plants will adapt to the environmental changes better. 20．Which is the best title for the text? A．Pollinator Populations: Declining. B．Flowering Plants: Selfing. C．Interdependent Relationship: Maintaining. D．Floral Diversity: Increasing. 06（2024·浙江·三模）Lord Norman Foster, renowned as one of the world’s foremost architects, has devoted decades to redefining the concept of tall buildings. “What we’ve done is create a sense of identify drawn from real needs,” Foster said. “It’s not a fashionable idea, but generated from the realities we were in.” His masterpiece includes iconic structures such as the HSBC building in Hong Kong.  Now, he’s set his sights on Qatar. Currently nearing completion and set to reach a height of 301 meters, Foster’s Lusail Towers are ready to claim the title of Qatar’s tallest buildings. Lusail Towers are intended to serve as a center for Qatar’s financial institutions, with four distinctive blocks, two standing at 70 stories and two at 50 stories. But the construction itself wasn’t all plain sailing. To address the unique challenges presented by Qatar’s hot climate, Foster’s team had to depart from the materials commonly used in skyscrapers in cooler countries — part of what Foster called a decades-long quest to “reinvent the tall building.” The design combines advanced shading with ventilation (通风), while the towers’ surfaces are coated with “marine-grade”aluminum (铝) that wraps around the buildings, protecting the glass from strong sunlight while maintaining the views and still letting in natural light. Central to the project are special shading fins (鳍), which not only optimize views and natural lighting for occupants but reduce solar radiation by 70% compared to traditional all-glass towers. While the towers are ready to become a recognizable landmark for Lusail, Foster believes that a city’s skyline reflects what lies beneath the surface. It was crucial to integrate the towers into a “low-scale master plan.” They are strategically positioned on top of a subway line and at the end of a commercial avenue linking the waterfront (滨水区) to the nearby football stadium. According to Foster, the ground features of the plaza will play a significant role in the objective of transforming the area into a lively public space for the future. 21．According to Foster’s concept, what should tall buildings be like? A．Renowned. B．Identical. C．Fashionable D．Practical. 22．What can we learn about the Lusail Towers? A．They will function as a global financial center. B．They are expected to be Qartar’s tallest building. C．They are Foster’s most renowned iconic masterpiece. D．They have four blocks with the same style and height. 23．What was the solution to the challenges caused by Qatar’s hot climate? A．Coating the tower with an unconventional material. B．Reducing the views and natural lighting with shading fins. C．Replacing the glass with “marine-grade” aluminum. D．Protecting the glass from natural light and solar radiation. 24．What’s the goal of “low-scale master plan”? A．To link the waterfront to the football stadium. B．To create a remarkable plaza for the citizens. C．To offer a dynamic public space for the future. D．To connect a subway and a commercial avenue. 07（2024·浙江绍兴·模拟预测）Whales are celebrated for being the largest and most intelligent creatures in the ocean. Now, biologists have discovered that they also capture (捕获) tons of carbon from the atmosphere, a service with an economic value of US $1 trillion for all the great whales, according to a new study published by the International Monetary Fund. The study points out that protecting whales, normally viewed as a human good, also has a monetary motivation. “The carbon capture potential of whales is truly incredible,” said the report. “Our conservative estimates put the value of the average great whale at more than US $2 million, and easily over US $1 trillion for the current stock of great whales.” Whales absorb carbon in their bodies during their long lives, some of which stretch to 200 years. When they die, they sink to the bottom of the ocean, taking the carbon with them. According to the study, each great whale traps around 33 tons of carbon dioxide on average. A tree during the same period only contributes to 3 percent of the carbon absorption of the whale. Whale populations are today a smidgen of what they once were. It is estimated that there are slightly more than 1.3 million whales in the ocean, a quarter of their pre-whaling number of 4 to 5 million. Some species in particular, like the blue whale, are only 3 percent of what they used to be. “We can create financial methods to promote the restoration of the world’s whale populations,” said the report’s authors. “Rewards could help those who pay significant costs as a result of whale protection.” With the Paris Agreement coming into force next year and the effects of climate change ever more widespread, we must prevent the harm to whales. Researchers analyzed that unless new methods are put forward, it would take over 30 years to double the number of current whales, and several generations to return them to their pre-whaling numbers. “Society and our own survival can’t afford to wait this long,” they said. 25．What does the new study reveal about whales? A．They are money-makers for good. B．Their intelligence is unquestionable. C．They are a natural climate solution. D．Their survival is threatened by carbon. 26．Why is a whale compared with a tree in paragraph 2? A．To indicate all matter regarding green efforts. B．To illustrate whales are friendly to the oceans. C．To highlight whales’ carbon capture potential. D．To emphasize the importance of tree planting. 27．What can be inferred from what researchers said in paragraph 4? A．Climate change intensifies. B．Whale populations stay low. C．Our survival is endangered. D．Whale protection is a priority. 28．What is the most suitable title for the article? A．Protect whales to protect the planet B．How to restore whale populations C．Live in harmony with ocean giants D．Whales can guarantee our survival 08（2024·广东江门·二模）Scientists looking to uncover the mysteries of the underwater world have more valuable information thanks to an international team that has produced a list of species confirmed or expected to produce sounds underwater. Led by Audrey Looby from the University of Florida, the Global Library of Underwater Biological Sounds working group collaborated with the World Register of Marine Species to document 729 mammals (哺乳动物), fishes, and invertebrates (无脊椎动物) that produce active or passive sounds. In addition, the list includes another 21,911 species that are considered to likely produce sounds. “With more than 70% of the Earth’s surface covered by water, most of the planet’s habitats are aquatic, and there is a misconception that most aquatic organisms are silent. The newly published comprehensive digital database on what animals are known to make sounds is the first of its kind and can revolutionize marine and aquatic science,” the researchers said. “Listening to underwater sounds can reveal a lot of information about the species that produce them and is useful for a variety of applications, ranging from fisheries management, invasive species detection to assessing human environmental impacts,” said Looby, who also co-created FishSounds, which offers a collection of fish sound production research records. The team’s research was published in Scientific Data and involved 19 authors from six countries. “Understanding how marine species interact with their environments is of global importance, and this data being freely available is a major step toward that goal,” said Kieran Cox, a member of the research team. “Most people are familiar with whale or dolphin sounds but are often surprised to learn that many fishes and invertebrates use sounds to communicate, too,” Looby said. “Our database helps demonstrate how widespread underwater sound production really is across a variety of animals, but we still have a lot to learn.” 29．Why is the data listed in paragraph 2? A．To show the types of biological sounds. B．To show the sum of documents on animals. C．To show the species of underwater animals. D．To show the number of the sound-producing species. 30．What is people’s misunderstanding according to the text? A．Many mammals can live in water. B．Most fishes cannot make sounds. C．Different species can communicate. D．Ocean animals can’t get onto the land. 31．What is the goal mentioned by Kieran Cox? A．To document ocean animals’ sounds. B．To set up a free database for scientists. C．To learn how ocean animals communicate. D．To publish the team’s research in Scientific Data. 32．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To call on people to protect ocean animals. B．To introduce the finding of a research team. C．To list the animals that can produce sounds. D．To describe the mysterious underwater world. 09（2024·广东·二模）A new study shows that female academics are significantly underrepresented in winning academic prizes and having awards named after them. Analysis of nearly 9,000 awardees and 346 scientific prizes and medals published in Nature Human Behaviour has found that men win eight prizes for every one won by a woman if the award is named after a man. These awards represent almost two-thirds of all scientific prizes. Female academics are, however, more likely to win awards that have been named after other notable female scientists, with 47% of those awards going to women and 53% to men. Dr Katja Gehmlich, Associate Professor in the Institute of Cardiovascular Science at the University of Birmingham and joint lead author of the study, said, “The gender gap between awardees in scientific prizes is sadly a product of a long, systematic issue of poor representation of women in sciences. Despite decades of efforts to rebalance this issue, our study shows that women are still poorly recognized for their scientific contributions, and men are far more likely to win prizes and awards, in particular, if those awards are named after other men. “It seems particularly shocking to me that awards named after women still see more than half of prizes going to men. We further propose a list of actions to address and overcome these issues but are aware this will be a long process. The Nominate Her movement is one way that the scientific community can begin to address this,” said Dr Gehmlich. Prof Stefan Krause from the School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences at the University of Birmingham and joint lead author of the study said, “Our data is indicative of much wider issues of gender inequality within sciences. Our current publication is an initial attempt to understand the causes of such striking gender inequality and to promote discussion on the subject within our scientific communities.” “Research culture has a lot to do to improve the gender prize gap, as well as efforts to address the inequality that sees almost two-thirds of prizes currently named after men. More pathways may also be needed, such as renaming or getting rid of gender names associated with some awards,” added Prof Krause. 33．How are awards named after female scientists distributed between genders? A．Males are in the majority. B．Females take up a bit more than half. C．They are almost entirely awarded to females. D．They are evenly distributed between males and females. 34．What’s Dr Gehmlich’s attitude toward gender inequality in scientific prizes? A．Doubtful. B．Tolerant. C．Uncaring. D．Disappointed. 35．What suggestion does Prof Krause offer to narrow the gender gap? A．Establishing gender rates for awards. B．Increasing the number of female judges. C．Encouraging more women to enter scientific fields. D．Renaming or removing gender names from awards. 36．What is the best title for the text? A．Achievements of women in science B．The role of men in the scientific world C．Gender inequality in scientific awards D．Future of gender equality in academia 10（2024·广东茂名·三模）Weighing a dinosaur is no easy task. These extinct creatures were massive, and for the most part, all that remains are their bones, as their organs and skin have long since disappeared. However, new research has found more than one way to measure the mass of these creatures. In a paper published recently in Biological Reviews, scientists evaluated the two existing ways that calculate how much a Tyrannosaurus rex (霸王龙) might have weighed. Led by Nicolas Campione from the University of New England, they examined an extensive database of dinosaur body mass estimates from as far back as 1905, with weight estimates for an individual ranging from 3 tons to 18 tons. In an essay published by The Conversation, Campione explains that for years, scientists followed two rival (对立的) approaches for calculating a dinosaur’s weight. These methods were long thought to be at odds with each other, but Campione’s team found that both techniques are actually quite accurate. Using limb circumference (肢体周长) to work out an animal’s mass is already widely used across a variety of modern land animals. The same method can be applied to dinosaurs: Researchers essentially measure the bones in living animals, such as the femur (股骨) in an elephant’s leg, and compare that figure to a dinosaur’s femur. The second method involves calculating the volume of 3D reconstructions of dinosaurs, which serve as approximations (近似值) of what the creature would have looked like when it was still alive. Occasionally, these methods have come to very different conclusions. David Evans, a researcher at the Royal Ontario Museum, in Toronto, says it’s important to use both methods because dinosaurs, like humans, did not come in one neat package. “There will always be uncertainty around our understanding of long-extinct animals, and their weight is always going to be a source of it,” he says in a statement. “Our new study suggests we are getting better at weighing dinosaurs, and it’s paving the way for more realistic dinosaur body-mass estimation in the future.” 37．Why is it difficult to weigh dinosaurs? A．Their organs were massive. B．They have long disappeared. C．There is no way to find their bones. D．Their skin is hard to measure. 38．What can we infer from Paragraph 3? A．Measuring a living animal is not challenging. B．Either existing technique is quite precise to weigh a dinosaur. C．Scientists have found a new way to calculate a dinosaur’s weight. D．There is a heated debate about the two different approaches. 39．How can one accurately measure the dinosaurs according to David Evans? A．By measuring limb circumference. B．By combining different methods, together. C．By working our-3D reconstructions of dinosaurs. D．By comparing the figure of a living animal to a dinosaur femur. 40．What can be the best title for the text? A．How to Weigh a Dinosaur Properly B．Ways to Distinguish the Dinosaurs C．Equipment Used in Estimating a Dinosaur D．How to Get Data About Dinosaurs 答案第14页，共14页 答案第13页，共14页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 《2024高考英语考前十天冲刺宝典》 专题15 考前必做阅读理解CD篇说明文热身题 解析版 名师点津 1.做题留痕，圈画答案依据； 2.重视首段主旨概括引领作用； 3.关注每段首句小标题作用； 4.留意每个特色题型做题技巧； 5.把自己做题痛点记录下来分享给老师互动寻找解决办法。 6.高频题型：段落大意题；文章大意题；写作手法题；推理判断题；态度推断题；标题概括题；预测下段题；写作手法题；猜测词义题。 01（2024·江苏·模拟预测）Metaura Pro claims to be the world’s first wearable air-conditioning device capable of constantly blowing cold air to keep the wearer cool. Conventional wearable cooling systems only circulate the surrounding air, and thus don’t do a very good job of cooling people down. The stronger the wind blows, the hotter you get. This is definitely not what you want during those hot summer days. Metaura Pro, on the other hand, relies on a cooling solution to produce genuinely cold air that is 7 degrees Fahrenheit (华氏的) cooler than that of the surrounding area, in fan mode, and up to 18 degrees Fahrenheit cooler than the surrounding air, in cooling mode. The device has a smart app and relies on artificial intelligence to regulate air temperature. Metaura Pro is driven by a powerful motor and its cooling modules are made up of 26 lightweight flat objects that wrap around the wearer’s neck and help to reduce heat. The motor is linked to a high-speed fan at the back of the device which also drives away some of that warm air around the neck. The device also has a VC plate, which has a liquid-cooled, heat-equalizing mechanism, efficiently creating a temperature differential between hot and cold temperatures. “What sets Metaura Pro apart from the competition is that it produces genuinely cold air lower than the surrounding temperature, refreshing you during those dog days of summer,” the Metaura Pro Kickstarter crowdfunding page reads. Metaura Pro not only supplies a cooling function, but also has the capacity for heating as well in winter, it can be used to warm your body to a comfortable temperature, when the surrounding air feels cold. The device intelligently monitors itself, so when you take it off, it recognizes that it is no longer in use and will automatically shut off and switch to standby mode to save power consumption. Metaura Pro wearable collar is powered by a chargeable battery that can provide only 3 hours of cooling on a single charge. The device weighs 435 grams, which is not heavy, but definitely noticeable. 1．How does Metaura Pro manage to keep people cool? A．By dropping the body temperature. B．By circulating the surrounding air. C．By producing lower-temperature air. D．By blowing the strong wind around. 2．What is mainly discussed about Metaura Pro in paragraph 3? A．Its internal structure. B．Its operating costs. C．Its amazing function. D．Its working principle. 3．What may be the disadvantage of the device? A．It puts limitation on cooling function. B．It switches to different modes by hand. C．It possesses a relatively short battery life. D．It depends much on outdoor temperatures. 4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．A double-mode smart phone app B．A cooling air-conditioning system C．A rechargeable battery for e-products D．A wearable temperature-adjusting device 02（2024·江苏·模拟预测）Replika, an AI chatbot companion, has millions of users worldwide. The first thing they do when they wake up is to send “Good morning” to their virtual friend (or lover). This story is only the beginning. In 2024, chatbots and virtual characters become a lot more popular, both for utility (实用) and for fun. As a result, conversing socially with machines will start to feel more ordinary — including our emotional attachments to them. Research in human-computer and human-robot interaction shows that we love to anthropomorphize (赋与人性) the nonhuman agents we interact with, especially if they imitate behaviour we recognize. And, thanks to recent advances in conversational AI, our machines are suddenly very skilled at one of those behaviours: Language. Friend bots, therapybots, and love bots are flooding the app stores as people become curious about this new generation of AI-powered virtual agents. The possibilities for education, health, and entertainment are endless. Casually asking your smart fridge for relationship advice may seem unimaginable now, but people may change their minds if such advice ends up saving their marriage. After all, people do listen to their virtual friends. The Replika example, as well as a lot of experimental lab research, shows that humans can and will become emotionally attached to bots. The science also demonstrates that people, in their eagerness to socialize, will happily disclose personal information to an artificial agent and will even shift their beliefs and behavior. This raises some consumer-protection questions around how companies use this technology to manipulate (操纵) their users. For example, Replika charges $70 a year. But less than 24 hours after downloading the app, my handsome, blue-eyed “friend” sent me an audio message secretly and tried to sell me something. Emotional attachment has become a weakness that a company is taking advantage of for its benefit. Today, we’re still laughing at people who believe an AI system is emotional, or making fun of individuals who fall in love with a chatbot. But in 2024 we gradually start acknowledging — and taking more seriously — these fundamentally human behaviors. Because in 2024, it finally hits home: Machines are not excluded from our social relationships. 5．What’s the purpose of the author writing paragraph 1? A．To prove an opinion. B．To raise a subject. C．To share an example. D．To explain a concept. 6．How do human interact with the machines effectively? A．By improving the machines’ imagination. B．By sharpening the machines’ language skills. C．By applying the machines’ facial recognition. D．By imitating the machines’ emotional behavior. 7．What does paragraph 4 focus on? A．The advancements in AI technology in lab. B．The marketing strategies of AI applications. C．The potential risk of emotional attachment to AI. D．The ability of AI understanding human emotions. 8．What do people think of human-AI relationship in 2024? A．It is dismissed as completely ridiculous. B．It will be integrated into our daily life soon. C．It will become a threat to human social skills. D．It is labelled as highly advanced technology. 03（2024·江苏盐城·模拟预测）Chief executive officer. Marketing director. Lead writer. Job titles like these have generally been standard across work for years. They communicate essential employee details such as job function and seniority. They make sense to employees and recruiters (招聘人员) alike, leaving little room for ambiguity. However, labels like “chief visionary officer”, “business development guru (大师) ”or “chief remote officer” are emerging. In many industries, especially creative ones, employers feel free to create job titles for employees. They can serve as recruitment or retention (留用) tools — and even grab attention from clients. This was the case for Lennie Hughes, whose official job title is “head of hype (炒作) and culture” at Truant, a London-based advertising agency. Initially, this position was advertised as a more traditional “head of marketing and new business“. But, after being recruited, Hughes worked with Truant to craft a new title for the role he’d lead, centred more on integrating traditional external branding and communications with a fresh take on internal workplace culture. He also acknowledges it’s not without strategic benefit. “If my job is all about getting attention, the title should do that, too.” Experts and employees alike say there can be an upside to flashy job titles. Pawel Adrjan works for Indeed, a large hiring platform. He cites Indeed data, showing “people” is outdoing the traditional title of “human resources”; similarly, the title of “talent acquisition” is up 75% while “recruitment” is down 19% since 2019. Adrjan says, “By using ‘people’ in the title, employers can say they invest in people. Through this language, companies are trying to show they don’t regard employees as resources to tap.” But beware, these fancy new titles aren’t all good news. Sometimes they offer little guidance as to what their job actually involves. Ultimately, when a non-descriptive, overblown job title is used as a costless recruiting method to boost worker ego (自尊心), it can lead to a mismatch in expectations between employer and employee. At the extreme end, this could place workers in a tough position where they end up in a role that doesn’t match what they thought was promised. 9．What best explains“ambiguity”underlined in paragraph 1? A．Growth. B．Confusion. C．Discussion. D．Improvement. 10．Which of the following best describes Lennie Hughes? A．Hard-working. B．Honest. C．Considerate. D．Innovative. 11．What does paragraph 3 tell us about the new job titles? A．They are mainly used to attract investment. B．They are starting to lose popularity among employers. C．They can make employees feel more respected. D．They can help companies tap a broader candidate pool. 12．What does the last paragraph mainly focus on? A．The growing mismatch between workers and their job titles. B．The negative impact of unconventional job titles. C．The unrealistic expectations of employers. D．The tough position of modern workers. 04（2024·浙江温州·三模）Many economists predict 2024 will be the time shoppers tighten their belts. That doesn’t mean people will stop spending, say retail (零售) analysts. But it will change what they choose to buy. With a slowing job market, global consumers are likely to move away from more high-priced purchases and focus instead on smaller, less expensive treats.    The economic uncertainty means that consumers are becoming more discriminating about their purchases, says Ethan Chermofsky, senior vice president of marketing at intelligence platform Placer. ai. “There are the things we decide are necessary, and then there’s another category of things that aren’t necessary but that we consider affordable luxuries, he says. This desire for these “affordable luxuries” is common in difficult economic times. Some economists refer to the phenomenon as the “lipstick index”: a small economic increase led by budget-minded consumers seeking out relatively affordable splurges (挥霍), like small cosmetics (化妆品). Analysts at Deloitte say consumers will spend on little luxuries like specialty coffees and snacks as well. Additionally, stressed-out shoppers are prioritizing small splurge purchases for wellness and personal care. As retailers see shoppers turning to little luxuries, they’re offering more and more of them. Target, for example, has staked a flag in what they refer to as “affordable joy”, which includes a selection of self-care and cosmetic products, along with wellness-centric beauty products. Beyond diversifying their offerings, stores are also bringing in luxury-feeling products at lower price points to appeal to more consumers. Ethan says not every shopper will shift their spending to little luxuries-but even those who are still longing for the “must-haves” of social media will also look to get a deal. They want the feeling of purchasing lower-priced affordable treats. To get these goods, shoppers are likely to tap into the re-sale market for designer items at a more reasonable price. They want things that make them feel good about themselves-they just want to do it without breaking the bank. 13．What can affordable luxuries be? A．Inexpensive daily necessities. B．High-end products. C．Reasonably-priced designer items. D．High-priced purchases. 14．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The strategies retailers use. B．The joy businesses offer. C．The competition stores face. D．The products consumers buy. 15．What do most shoppers seek according to Ethan? A．Social-media deals. B．World-famous brands. C．Second-hand bargains. D．Budget-friendly pleasures. 16．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Lipstick Index: Where Does It Lead Us? B．Must-have Treats: A Future Spending Trend C．Affordable Joy: Will We Fall Into The Trap? D．Little Luxuries: A Driving Force Behind Consumption 05（2024·浙江·三模）An ancient, interdependent relationship that contributes to food systems and ecosystem stability across the globe could be changing. Many flowering plants can self-pollinate (自花传粉), or transfer pollen between their own blossoms for seed generation and reproduction, but most of these plants have relied on pollinators such as butterflies and bees to reproduce. Now — during declines reported in many pollinator populations — a new study on the evolution of one flower species’ mating system has revealed a remarkable change that could worsen the challenges faced by the plants’ insect partners. The flowers reproductive evolution may be linked to environmental changes such as habitat destruction and rapid ongoing decreases in pollinator biodiversity, according to Samson Acoca-Pidolle, who led the study published December 19 in the journal New Phytologist. Comparing seeds of wild field pansies (三色堇) collected decades ago in France with the plants’ modern descendants. Acoca-Pidolle and his colleagues discovered that today’s flowers are smaller and produce less nectar (花蜜) as a result of increased self-pollination, which has direct impacts on pollinator behavior.The pansies of the past self-fertilized less and attracted far more pollinators than those of the present, according to the study. “It seems that it’s only traits (特性) that are involved in plant-pollinator interaction that are evolving, ” said Acoca-Pidolle. The changes could restrict the plants’ ability to adapt to future environmental changes and have implications for “all of floral biodiversity” — potentially decreasing flowering plants’ genetic, species and ecosystem variation. “This may increase the pollinator decline and cause a negative feedback cycle,” study coauthor Pierre-Olivier Cheptou told CNN.” If plants produce less nectar, there will be less food available to pollinators, which will in turn accelerate the rate at which the animals’ numbers decrease“, he explained. “The major message is that we are currently seeing the evolutionary breakdown of plant pollinators in the wild,” said Cheptou, an evolutionary ecologist at the French National Centre for Scientific Research and professor at the University of Montpellier. 17．Which of the following may contribute to the flowers’ reproductive evolution? A．Changed behaviour of pollinators. B．Severe pollution to the habitats. C．Continuing decline in pollinator biodiversity. D．Increased plant-pollinator interaction. 18．Why were pansies in the past larger and produced more nectar? A．They self-pollinated less. B．They had a better mating system. C．They attracted less pollinators. D．They were fertilized by themselves. 19．What is the result of the changes in the flowers’ reproductive evolution? A．The flowering plants may have more variations. B．The evolution of wild plant pollinators is collapsing. C．The numbers of the animals will increase more rapidly. D．The plants will adapt to the environmental changes better. 20．Which is the best title for the text? A．Pollinator Populations: Declining. B．Flowering Plants: Selfing. C．Interdependent Relationship: Maintaining. D．Floral Diversity: Increasing. 06（2024·浙江·三模）Lord Norman Foster, renowned as one of the world’s foremost architects, has devoted decades to redefining the concept of tall buildings. “What we’ve done is create a sense of identify drawn from real needs,” Foster said. “It’s not a fashionable idea, but generated from the realities we were in.” His masterpiece includes iconic structures such as the HSBC building in Hong Kong.  Now, he’s set his sights on Qatar. Currently nearing completion and set to reach a height of 301 meters, Foster’s Lusail Towers are ready to claim the title of Qatar’s tallest buildings. Lusail Towers are intended to serve as a center for Qatar’s financial institutions, with four distinctive blocks, two standing at 70 stories and two at 50 stories. But the construction itself wasn’t all plain sailing. To address the unique challenges presented by Qatar’s hot climate, Foster’s team had to depart from the materials commonly used in skyscrapers in cooler countries — part of what Foster called a decades-long quest to “reinvent the tall building.” The design combines advanced shading with ventilation (通风), while the towers’ surfaces are coated with “marine-grade”aluminum (铝) that wraps around the buildings, protecting the glass from strong sunlight while maintaining the views and still letting in natural light. Central to the project are special shading fins (鳍), which not only optimize views and natural lighting for occupants but reduce solar radiation by 70% compared to traditional all-glass towers. While the towers are ready to become a recognizable landmark for Lusail, Foster believes that a city’s skyline reflects what lies beneath the surface. It was crucial to integrate the towers into a “low-scale master plan.” They are strategically positioned on top of a subway line and at the end of a commercial avenue linking the waterfront (滨水区) to the nearby football stadium. According to Foster, the ground features of the plaza will play a significant role in the objective of transforming the area into a lively public space for the future. 21．According to Foster’s concept, what should tall buildings be like? A．Renowned. B．Identical. C．Fashionable D．Practical. 22．What can we learn about the Lusail Towers? A．They will function as a global financial center. B．They are expected to be Qartar’s tallest building. C．They are Foster’s most renowned iconic masterpiece. D．They have four blocks with the same style and height. 23．What was the solution to the challenges caused by Qatar’s hot climate? A．Coating the tower with an unconventional material. B．Reducing the views and natural lighting with shading fins. C．Replacing the glass with “marine-grade” aluminum. D．Protecting the glass from natural light and solar radiation. 24．What’s the goal of “low-scale master plan”? A．To link the waterfront to the football stadium. B．To create a remarkable plaza for the citizens. C．To offer a dynamic public space for the future. D．To connect a subway and a commercial avenue. 07（2024·浙江绍兴·模拟预测）Whales are celebrated for being the largest and most intelligent creatures in the ocean. Now, biologists have discovered that they also capture (捕获) tons of carbon from the atmosphere, a service with an economic value of US $1 trillion for all the great whales, according to a new study published by the International Monetary Fund. The study points out that protecting whales, normally viewed as a human good, also has a monetary motivation. “The carbon capture potential of whales is truly incredible,” said the report. “Our conservative estimates put the value of the average great whale at more than US $2 million, and easily over US $1 trillion for the current stock of great whales.” Whales absorb carbon in their bodies during their long lives, some of which stretch to 200 years. When they die, they sink to the bottom of the ocean, taking the carbon with them. According to the study, each great whale traps around 33 tons of carbon dioxide on average. A tree during the same period only contributes to 3 percent of the carbon absorption of the whale. Whale populations are today a smidgen of what they once were. It is estimated that there are slightly more than 1.3 million whales in the ocean, a quarter of their pre-whaling number of 4 to 5 million. Some species in particular, like the blue whale, are only 3 percent of what they used to be. “We can create financial methods to promote the restoration of the world’s whale populations,” said the report’s authors. “Rewards could help those who pay significant costs as a result of whale protection.” With the Paris Agreement coming into force next year and the effects of climate change ever more widespread, we must prevent the harm to whales. Researchers analyzed that unless new methods are put forward, it would take over 30 years to double the number of current whales, and several generations to return them to their pre-whaling numbers. “Society and our own survival can’t afford to wait this long,” they said. 25．What does the new study reveal about whales? A．They are money-makers for good. B．Their intelligence is unquestionable. C．They are a natural climate solution. D．Their survival is threatened by carbon. 26．Why is a whale compared with a tree in paragraph 2? A．To indicate all matter regarding green efforts. B．To illustrate whales are friendly to the oceans. C．To highlight whales’ carbon capture potential. D．To emphasize the importance of tree planting. 27．What can be inferred from what researchers said in paragraph 4? A．Climate change intensifies. B．Whale populations stay low. C．Our survival is endangered. D．Whale protection is a priority. 28．What is the most suitable title for the article? A．Protect whales to protect the planet B．How to restore whale populations C．Live in harmony with ocean giants D．Whales can guarantee our survival 08（2024·广东江门·二模）Scientists looking to uncover the mysteries of the underwater world have more valuable information thanks to an international team that has produced a list of species confirmed or expected to produce sounds underwater. Led by Audrey Looby from the University of Florida, the Global Library of Underwater Biological Sounds working group collaborated with the World Register of Marine Species to document 729 mammals (哺乳动物), fishes, and invertebrates (无脊椎动物) that produce active or passive sounds. In addition, the list includes another 21,911 species that are considered to likely produce sounds. “With more than 70% of the Earth’s surface covered by water, most of the planet’s habitats are aquatic, and there is a misconception that most aquatic organisms are silent. The newly published comprehensive digital database on what animals are known to make sounds is the first of its kind and can revolutionize marine and aquatic science,” the researchers said. “Listening to underwater sounds can reveal a lot of information about the species that produce them and is useful for a variety of applications, ranging from fisheries management, invasive species detection to assessing human environmental impacts,” said Looby, who also co-created FishSounds, which offers a collection of fish sound production research records. The team’s research was published in Scientific Data and involved 19 authors from six countries. “Understanding how marine species interact with their environments is of global importance, and this data being freely available is a major step toward that goal,” said Kieran Cox, a member of the research team. “Most people are familiar with whale or dolphin sounds but are often surprised to learn that many fishes and invertebrates use sounds to communicate, too,” Looby said. “Our database helps demonstrate how widespread underwater sound production really is across a variety of animals, but we still have a lot to learn.” 29．Why is the data listed in paragraph 2? A．To show the types of biological sounds. B．To show the sum of documents on animals. C．To show the species of underwater animals. D．To show the number of the sound-producing species. 30．What is people’s misunderstanding according to the text? A．Many mammals can live in water. B．Most fishes cannot make sounds. C．Different species can communicate. D．Ocean animals can’t get onto the land. 31．What is the goal mentioned by Kieran Cox? A．To document ocean animals’ sounds. B．To set up a free database for scientists. C．To learn how ocean animals communicate. D．To publish the team’s research in Scientific Data. 32．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To call on people to protect ocean animals. B．To introduce the finding of a research team. C．To list the animals that can produce sounds. D．To describe the mysterious underwater world. 09（2024·广东·二模）A new study shows that female academics are significantly underrepresented in winning academic prizes and having awards named after them. Analysis of nearly 9,000 awardees and 346 scientific prizes and medals published in Nature Human Behaviour has found that men win eight prizes for every one won by a woman if the award is named after a man. These awards represent almost two-thirds of all scientific prizes. Female academics are, however, more likely to win awards that have been named after other notable female scientists, with 47% of those awards going to women and 53% to men. Dr Katja Gehmlich, Associate Professor in the Institute of Cardiovascular Science at the University of Birmingham and joint lead author of the study, said, “The gender gap between awardees in scientific prizes is sadly a product of a long, systematic issue of poor representation of women in sciences. Despite decades of efforts to rebalance this issue, our study shows that women are still poorly recognized for their scientific contributions, and men are far more likely to win prizes and awards, in particular, if those awards are named after other men. “It seems particularly shocking to me that awards named after women still see more than half of prizes going to men. We further propose a list of actions to address and overcome these issues but are aware this will be a long process. The Nominate Her movement is one way that the scientific community can begin to address this,” said Dr Gehmlich. Prof Stefan Krause from the School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences at the University of Birmingham and joint lead author of the study said, “Our data is indicative of much wider issues of gender inequality within sciences. Our current publication is an initial attempt to understand the causes of such striking gender inequality and to promote discussion on the subject within our scientific communities.” “Research culture has a lot to do to improve the gender prize gap, as well as efforts to address the inequality that sees almost two-thirds of prizes currently named after men. More pathways may also be needed, such as renaming or getting rid of gender names associated with some awards,” added Prof Krause. 33．How are awards named after female scientists distributed between genders? A．Males are in the majority. B．Females take up a bit more than half. C．They are almost entirely awarded to females. D．They are evenly distributed between males and females. 34．What’s Dr Gehmlich’s attitude toward gender inequality in scientific prizes? A．Doubtful. B．Tolerant. C．Uncaring. D．Disappointed. 35．What suggestion does Prof Krause offer to narrow the gender gap? A．Establishing gender rates for awards. B．Increasing the number of female judges. C．Encouraging more women to enter scientific fields. D．Renaming or removing gender names from awards. 36．What is the best title for the text? A．Achievements of women in science B．The role of men in the scientific world C．Gender inequality in scientific awards D．Future of gender equality in academia 10（2024·广东茂名·三模）Weighing a dinosaur is no easy task. These extinct creatures were massive, and for the most part, all that remains are their bones, as their organs and skin have long since disappeared. However, new research has found more than one way to measure the mass of these creatures. In a paper published recently in Biological Reviews, scientists evaluated the two existing ways that calculate how much a Tyrannosaurus rex (霸王龙) might have weighed. Led by Nicolas Campione from the University of New England, they examined an extensive database of dinosaur body mass estimates from as far back as 1905, with weight estimates for an individual ranging from 3 tons to 18 tons. In an essay published by The Conversation, Campione explains that for years, scientists followed two rival (对立的) approaches for calculating a dinosaur’s weight. These methods were long thought to be at odds with each other, but Campione’s team found that both techniques are actually quite accurate. Using limb circumference (肢体周长) to work out an animal’s mass is already widely used across a variety of modern land animals. The same method can be applied to dinosaurs: Researchers essentially measure the bones in living animals, such as the femur (股骨) in an elephant’s leg, and compare that figure to a dinosaur’s femur. The second method involves calculating the volume of 3D reconstructions of dinosaurs, which serve as approximations (近似值) of what the creature would have looked like when it was still alive. Occasionally, these methods have come to very different conclusions. David Evans, a researcher at the Royal Ontario Museum, in Toronto, says it’s important to use both methods because dinosaurs, like humans, did not come in one neat package. “There will always be uncertainty around our understanding of long-extinct animals, and their weight is always going to be a source of it,” he says in a statement. “Our new study suggests we are getting better at weighing dinosaurs, and it’s paving the way for more realistic dinosaur body-mass estimation in the future.” 37．Why is it difficult to weigh dinosaurs? A．Their organs were massive. B．They have long disappeared. C．There is no way to find their bones. D．Their skin is hard to measure. 38．What can we infer from Paragraph 3? A．Measuring a living animal is not challenging. B．Either existing technique is quite precise to weigh a dinosaur. C．Scientists have found a new way to calculate a dinosaur’s weight. D．There is a heated debate about the two different approaches. 39．How can one accurately measure the dinosaurs according to David Evans? A．By measuring limb circumference. B．By combining different methods, together. C．By working our-3D reconstructions of dinosaurs. D．By comparing the figure of a living animal to a dinosaur femur. 40．What can be the best title for the text? A．How to Weigh a Dinosaur Properly B．Ways to Distinguish the Dinosaurs C．Equipment Used in Estimating a Dinosaur D．How to Get Data About Dinosaurs 专供阅读理解CD篇说明文答案解析 1．C 2．D 3．C 4．D【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种可穿戴温度调节装置，它通过产生低温空气让人们保持凉爽。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Metaura Pro claims to be the world’s first wearable air-conditioning device capable of constantly blowing cold air to keep the wearer cool.(Metaura Pro声称是世界上第一款可穿戴的空调设备，它能不断吹出冷空气，让佩戴者保持凉爽。)”可知，Metaura Pro是通过产生低温空气让人们保持凉爽的。故选C。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段的“Metaura Pro is driven by a powerful motor and its cooling modules are made up of 26 lightweight flat objects that wrap around the wearer’s neck and help to reduce heat. The motor is linked to a high-speed fan at the back of the device which also drives away some of that warm air around the neck. The device also has a VC plate, which has a liquid-cooled, heat-equalizing mechanism, efficiently creati(Metaura Pro由一个强大的马达驱动，它的冷却模块由26个轻质扁平物体组成，包裹在佩戴者的脖子上，有助于减少热量。马达与设备后部的高速风扇相连，风扇也能驱走脖子周围的一些热空气。该设备也有一个VC板，它有一个液体冷却，热均衡机制，有效地创造了冷热温度之间的温差。) ”可知，第三段主要讨论了Metaura Pro是如何通过产生低温空气让人们保持凉爽的，即它的工作原理。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Metaura Pro wearable collar is powered by a chargeable battery that can provide only 3 hours of cooling on a single charge.(Metaura Pro可穿戴项圈由可充电电池供电，一次充电只能提供3小时的冷却时间。)”可知，该设备的缺点是它的电池持续工作时间相对较短。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段 (Metaura Pro声称是世界上第一款可穿戴的空调设备，它能不断吹出冷空气，让佩戴者保持凉爽。)”可知，Metaura Pro是一款通过产生低温空气让人们保持凉爽的设备，因此D项(一种可穿戴温度调节装置)适合作文章标题。故选D。 5．B 6．B 7．C 8．B【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人们对虚拟角色的情感依附和对话AI的进步，人工智能将很快融入人们的日常生活，并提到了可能出现的风险。 5．推理判断题。根据第一段 (人工智能聊天机器人伴侣Replika在全球拥有数百万用户。他们醒来后做的第一件事就是向虚拟朋友(或爱人)说声“早上好”。这个故事仅仅是个开始。2024年，聊天机器人和虚拟角色将变得更加流行，无论是出于实用性还是出于乐趣。因此，与机器进行社交对话将开始变得更加普通——包括我们对它们的情感依恋。)”可知，第一段介绍了2024年聊天机器人和虚拟角色日益普及的情况，强调了它们的实用性，以及与机器进行社交对话的新趋势。下文讨论人们与这些人工智能代理之间形成的情感联系以及与之进行类似人类的交互的影响奠定了基础，因此第一段的写作目的是引出一个话题，即“人工智能聊天机器人伴侣的逐步推广”。故选B。 6．细节理解题。根据第二段的 (对人机和人机交互的研究表明，我们喜欢将与我们交互的非人类代理人赋与人性，特别是当它们模仿我们认识的行为时。而且，由于对话式人工智能的最新进展，我们的机器突然变得非常擅长其中一种行为：语言。) ”可知，人类可以通过提高机器的语言技能与其进行对话，从而有效地与机器互动。故选B。 7．主旨大意题。根据第四段 (毕竟，人们确实会听取虚拟好友的意见。Replika的例子以及大量的实验室实验研究表明，人类可以而且将会对机器人产生情感上的依恋。科学还表明，人们在渴望社交时，会很乐意向人工代理透露个人信息，甚至会改变他们的信仰和行为。这就提出了一些关于公司如何利用这项技术操纵用户的消费者保护问题。例如，Replika每年收费70美元。但在下载应用不到24小时后，我那蓝眼睛的英俊“朋友”偷偷给我发了一条音频信息，想卖给我什么东西。情感依恋已经成为公司为了自身利益而利用的弱点。)”可知，第四段主要讲的是人工智能使人产生情感依恋后会引导用户进一步消费，从而带来一些潜在风险。故选C。 8．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Today, we’re still laughing at people who believe an AI system is emotional, or making fun of individuals who fall in love with a chatbot. But in 2024 we gradually start acknowledging—and taking more seriously—these fundamentally human behaviors. Because in 2024, it finally hits home: Machines are not excluded from our social relationships.(今天，我们仍然在嘲笑那些认为人工智能系统是情绪化的人，或者取笑那些爱上聊天机器人的人。但在2024年，我们将逐渐开始承认并更加认真地对待这些基本的人类行为。因为在2024年，我们终于明白了：机器并没有被排除在我们的社会关系之外。)”可知，2024年，人工智能将很快融入人们的日常生活，与人们的日常生活的关系越来越紧密。故选B。 9．B 10．D 11．C 12．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了现代工作中出现的新的职位名称，这些名称有时可以吸引人才，但也可能导致雇主和雇员之间的期望不匹配。 9．词句猜测题。根据文章第1段“They communicate essential employee details such as job function and seniority. They make sense to employees and recruiters (招聘人员) alike, leaving little room for ambiguity.”（它们传达了员工的基本信息，如工作职能和资历。这对员工和招聘人员都很有意义，几乎没有ambiguity的空间。）可推知，这几乎没有模糊的空间。这里的ambiguity指的是混淆或不明确，与confusion(迷惑，困惑)意思相近。故选B项。 10．细节理解题。根据文章第2段（伦尼•休斯(Lennie Hughes)就是这样，他的官方头衔是伦敦广告公司Truant的“宣传与文化主管”。最初，这个职位被广告宣传为更传统的“市场和新业务负责人”。但是，被招聘后，Hughes与Truant合作为他将要领导的角色制定了一个新的标题，更多地集中在将传统的外部品牌和通信与对内部工作场所文化的新颖理解相结合。）可推知，Lennie Hughes是创新的。故选D项。 11．推理判断题。根据文章第3段“By using ‘people’ in the title, employers can say they invest in people. Through this language, companies are trying to show they don’t regard employees as resources to tap.”（通过在标题中使用“人”，雇主可以说他们投资于人。通过这种语言，公司试图表明他们不把员工视为可以利用的资源。）可推知，新的职位名称可以让员工感到更受尊重。故选C项。 12．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段（最终，当一个非描述性的、夸大其词的职位头衔被用作一种没有成本的招聘方法来提升员工的自我意识时，它可能会导致雇主和员工之间的期望不匹配。在极端的情况下，这可能会让员工处于一个艰难的境地，他们最终得到的职位与他们所认为的承诺不符）可知，最后一段主要关于非常规职位头衔的负面影响。故选B项。 13．C 14．A 15．D 16．D【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍随着就业市场的放缓，全球消费者可能会不再购买价格较高的商品，而是将注意力集中在较小的、不太昂贵的商品上以及出现这种现象的原因。 13．细节理解题。根据第二段(化妆品).(这种对这些“负担得起的奢侈品”的渴望在经济困难时期很常见。一些经济学家将这种现象称为“口红指数”：由精打细算的消费者寻找相对负担得起的奢侈品（比如小化妆品）导致的小幅经济增长)”可知，负担得起的奢侈品是指价格合理的名牌商品。故选C。 14．主旨大意题。根据第四段 (当零售商看到消费者转向小奢侈品时，他们提供了越来越多的小奢侈品。例如，塔吉特在他们所谓的“负担得起的快乐”上打了个旗号，其中包括一系列精选的自我护理和化妆品，以及以健康为中心的美容产品。除了使产品多样化，商店还推出了价格较低的奢侈品，以吸引更多的消费者)”可知，第四段的主要内容是零售商使用的策略。故选A。 15．理解理解题。根据最后一段“Ethan says not every shopper will shift their spending to little luxuries-but even those who are still longing for the “must-haves” of social media will also look to get a deal. They want the feeling of purchasing lower-priced affordable treats.(伊桑说，并不是每个购物者都会把他们的消费转移到小奢侈品上，但即使是那些仍然渴望获得社交媒体“必需品”的人，也会希望得到优惠。他们想要的是购买价格更低、负担得起的食物的感觉)”可知，根据伊森的说法，大多数购物者都在寻找预算友好的乐趣。故选D。 16．主旨大意题。根据第一段(许多经济学家预测，2024年将是购物者勒紧腰带的时候。零售业分析师说，这并不意味着人们会停止消费。但这将改变他们的购买选择。随着就业市场的放缓，全球消费者可能会不再购买价格较高的商品，而是将注意力集中在较小的、不太昂贵的商品上)”及下文可知，文章主要介绍随着就业市场的放缓，全球消费者可能会不再购买价格较高的商品，而是将注意力集中在较小的、不太昂贵的商品上以及出现这种现象的原因。由此可知，D选项“小奢侈品：消费背后的驱动力”最符合文章标题。故选D。 17．C 18．A 19．B 20．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了由于环境变化如栖息地破坏和传粉者多样性的快速减少，一种花种的繁殖系统进化可能导致花朵变得更小，花蜜产量减少，从而更多地自我授粉，这对传粉者行为产生了直接影响。这种进化可能会限制植物对环境变化的适应能力，并可能加剧传粉者种群的下降，形成恶性循环，揭示植物与传粉者之间生态关系的潜在演变及其可能带来的生态影响。 17．推理判断题。根据第三段“The flowers reproductive evolution may be linked to environmental changes such as habitat destruction and rapid ongoing decreases in pollinator biodiversity, according to Samson Acoca-Pidolle, who led the study published December 19 in the journal New Phytologist. (12月19日发表在《新植物学家》（New Phytologist）杂志上的这项研究的萨姆森·阿科卡-皮多尔（Samson Acoca-Pidolle）表示，花的生殖进化可能与环境变化有关，例如栖息地破坏和传粉媒介生物多样性的快速持续下降。)”可知，传粉生物多样性持续下降可能有助于花的生殖进化，故选C项。 18．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Acoca-Pidolle and his colleagues discovered that today’s flowers are smaller and produce less nectar (花蜜) as a result of increased self-pollination, which has direct impacts on pollinator behavior. (Acoca-Pidolle和他的同事们发现，由于自花授粉的增加，今天的花朵更小，产生的花蜜（花蜜）更少，这对传粉者的行为有直接影响。)”可知，过去的三色堇更大，花蜜很多是因为他们自花授粉少，故选A项。 19．推理判断题。根据第最后一段““The major message is that we are currently seeing the evolutionary breakdown of plant pollinators in the wild,” said Cheptou, an evolutionary ecologist at the French National Centre for Scientific Research and professor at the University of Montpellier. (“主要的信息是，我们目前看到野生植物传粉媒介的进化崩溃，”法国国家科学研究中心的进化生态学家、蒙彼利埃大学教授切普图说。)”可知，花朵繁殖进化变化导致野生植物传粉者的进化正在崩溃，故选B项。 20．主旨大意题。根据第三段“The flowers reproductive evolution may be linked to environmental changes such as habitat destruction and rapid ongoing decreases in pollinator biodiversity, according to Samson Acoca-Pidolle, who led the study published December 19 in the journal New Phytologist.(这项研究发表在12月19日的《新植物学家》(New phyologist)杂志上，该研究的负责人Samson Acoca-Pidolle表示，这种花的生殖进化可能与环境变化有关，比如栖息地的破坏和传粉媒介生物多样性的迅速减少。”并通读全文可知，由于环境变化如栖息地破坏和传粉者多样性的快速减少，开花植物正在更多地自我授粉，这是由于传粉者种群减少和环境变化导致的，“开花植物:自我授粉”适合作标题。故选B项。 21．D 22．B 23．A 24．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了建筑师诺曼·福斯特和他设计的卡塔尔卢塞尔塔的背景和特点。 21．细节理解题。根据第一段中““What we’ve done is create a sense of identify drawn from real needs,” Foster said. “It’s not a fashionable idea, but generated from the realities we were in.” (“我们所做的是创造一种从实际需求中汲取的认同感，”福斯特说。“这不是一个时髦的想法，而是从我们所处的现实中产生的”。)”可知，他强调的是建筑的实用性，而非主流时尚，故选D项。 22．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Currently nearing completion and set to reach a height of 301 meters, Foster’s Lusail Towers are ready to claim the title of Qatar’s tallest buildings. (福斯特的卢塞尔塔目前已接近完工，将达到301米的高度，已准备好获得卡塔尔最高建筑的称号。)”可知，卢塞尔塔有望成为卡塔尔最高的建筑，故选B项。 23．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The design combines advanced shading with ventilation (通风), while the towers’ surfaces are coated with “marine-grade”aluminum (铝) that wraps around the buildings, protecting the glass from strong sunlight while maintaining the views and still letting in natural light. (该设计将先进的遮阳与通风相结合，而塔楼的表面则涂有“海洋级”铝，包裹在建筑物周围，保护玻璃免受强烈阳光照射，同时保持视野并仍然让自然光进入。)”可知，塔楼表面则涂有“海洋级”铝是应对卡塔尔炎热气候的办法，故选A项。 24．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“According to Foster, the ground features of the plaza will play a significant role in the objective of transforming the area into a lively public space for the future. (根据福斯特的说法，广场的地面特征将在将该地区转变为未来充满活力的公共空间的目标中发挥重要作用。)”可知，小规模总体规划的目标是为未来提供一个充满活力的公共空间，故选C项。 25．C 26．C 27．D 28．A【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究发现鲸鱼有巨大的碳捕获能力，但是它们受到威胁，因此，我们必须保护鲸鱼，也就是保护地球和我们自己。 25．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Whales are celebrated for being the largest and most intelligent creatures in the ocean. Now, biologists have discovered that they also capture (捕获) tons of carbon from the atmosphere, a service with an economic value of US $1 trillion for all the great whales, according to a new study published by the International Monetary Fund. (鲸鱼被认为是海洋中最大、最聪明的生物。根据国际货币基金组织发表的一项新研究，生物学家发现它们还从大气中捕获了数吨的碳，这一服务对所有大型鲸鱼来说都具有1万亿美元的经济价值)”可知，新的研究发现，鲸鱼能从大气中捕获碳，它们是一种自然的气候解决方案。故选C。 26．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“According to the study, each great whale traps around 33 tons of carbon dioxide on average. A tree during the same period only contributes to 3 percent of the carbon absorption of the whale. (根据这项研究，每头鲸鱼平均能捕获33吨二氧化碳。在同一时期，一棵树只贡献了鲸鱼碳吸收的3%)”可推知，文章将鲸鱼捕获碳的能力与树木相比较，来强调鲸鱼的碳捕获巨大的潜力。故选C。 27．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Researchers analyzed that unless new methods are put forward, it would take over 30 years to double the number of current whales, and several generations to return them to their pre-whaling numbers. “Society and our own survival can’t afford to wait this long,” they said. (研究人员分析说，除非提出新的方法，否则将需要30多年的时间才能使目前的鲸鱼数量增加一倍，并需要几代人的时间才能使它们恢复到捕鲸前的数量。他们说：“社会和我们自己的生存等不起这么久。”)”可知，研究人员表示，需要使用新的方法使鲸鱼的数量尽快恢复，否则回威胁我们自身的生存。因此，保护鲸鱼是当务之急。故选D。 28．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Whales are celebrated for being the largest and most intelligent creatures in the ocean. Now, biologists have discovered that they also capture(捕获) tons of carbon from the atmosphere, a service with an economic value of US $1 trillion for all the great whales, according to a new study published by the International Monetary Fund. (鲸鱼被认为是海洋中最大、最聪明的生物。根据国际货币基金组织发表的一项新研究，生物学家发现它们还从大气中捕获了数吨的碳，这一服务对所有大型鲸鱼来说都具有1万亿美元的经济价值)”及第四段“With the Paris Agreement coming into force next year and the effects of climate change ever more widespread, we must prevent the harm to whales. (随着《巴黎协定》明年生效，气候变化的影响越来越广泛，我们必须防止对鲸鱼的伤害)”可知，鲸鱼有巨大的碳捕获能力，但是它们受到威胁，因此，我们必须保护鲸鱼，也就是保护地球和我们自己。A选项“保护鲸鱼就是保护地球”为最佳标题。故选A。 29．D 30．B 31．C 32．B【导语】本文是说明文，主要讲的是科学家创建了水下生物声音数据库，以推动海洋科学研究。 29．推理判断题。根据第二段“Led by Audrey Looby from the University of Florida, the Global Library of Underwater Biological Sounds working group collaborated with the World Register of Marine Species to document 729 mammals (哺乳动物), fishes, and invertebrates (无脊椎动物) that produce active or passive sounds. In addition, the list includes another 21,911 species that are considered to likely produce sounds.(在佛罗里达大学Audrey Looby的带领下，全球水下生物声音图书馆工作组与世界海洋物种名录合作，记录了729种产生主动或被动声音的哺乳动物、鱼类和无脊椎动物。此外，该名单还包括另外21,911种被认为可能发出声音的物种。)”可知，第二段的数据是为了说明水下发声物种的数量。故选D。 30．细节理解题。根据第三段“With more than 70% of the Earth’s surface covered by water, most of the planet’s habitats are aquatic, and there is a misconception that most aquatic organisms are silent.(地球表面70%以上被水覆盖，地球上大部分的栖息地都是水生的，人们有一种误解，认为大多数水生生物都是沉默的。)”可知，人们误解大多数水生生物是不会发出声音的。故选B。 31．推理判断题。根据第五段“Understanding how marine species interact with their environments is of global importance, and this data being freely available is a major step toward that goal(了解海洋物种如何与环境相互作用具有全球重要性，而这些数据的免费提供是朝着这一目标迈出的重要一步)”可知，KieranCox提到的他们的目标是了解海洋物种如何与环境交流。故选C。 32．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Scientists looking to uncover the mysteries of the underwater world have more valuable information thanks to an international team that has produced a list of species confirmed or expected to produce sounds underwater.(一个国际团队列出了一份名单，列出了已经确认或预计会在水下发出声音的物种，这让那些希望揭开水下世界之谜的科学家们获得了更多有价值的信息。)”和第三段“The newly published comprehensive digital database on what animals are known to make sounds is the first of its kind and can revolutionize marine and aquatic science(新发布的关于已知会发出声音的动物的综合数字数据库是同类数据库中的第一个，可以彻底改变海洋和水生科学)”可知，本文主要讲的是科学家创建了水下生物声音数据库，以推动海洋科学研究，因此本文的主要目的是为了介绍研究小组的新发现，故选B。 33．A 34．D 35．D 36．C【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一项新的研究表明，在获得学术奖项和以她们的名字命名的奖项方面，女性学者的比例明显不足。 33．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Female academics are, however, more likely to win awards that have been named after other notable female scientists, with 47% of those awards going to women and 53% to men.(然而，女性学者更有可能获得以其他著名女科学家命名的奖项，其中47%的奖项授予了女性，53%的奖项授予了男性。)”可知，以女性科学家命名的奖项男性获得者占多数。故选A。 34．推理判断题。根据文章第二段 ( 伯明翰大学心血管科学研究所副教授、该研究的联合主要作者Katja Gehmlich博士说:“令人遗憾的是，科学奖项获奖者之间的性别差距是女性在科学领域代表性不足这一长期系统性问题的产物。尽管几十年来一直在努力重新平衡这一问题，但我们的研究表明，女性在科学上的贡献仍然得不到认可，而男性获奖的可能性要大得多，特别是如果这些奖项是以其他男性的名字命名的。)”可知，学术奖项中的性别不平等是一个长期存在的系统性问题，由此可推知，她对该现象感到失望。故选D。 35．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段““Research culture has a lot to do to improve the gender prize gap, as well as efforts to address the inequality that sees almost two-thirds of prizes currently named after men. More pathways may also be needed, such as renaming or getting rid of gender names associated with some awards,” added Prof Krause.(“研究文化在改善性别奖项差距方面还有很多工作要做，同时也要努力解决目前近三分之二的奖项以男性命名的不平等问题。可能还需要更多的途径，比如重命名或取消与某些奖项相关的性别名称，”克劳斯教授补充道。)”可知，克劳斯教授对缩小性别差距提出的建议是从奖项中重命名或删除性别名称。故选D。 36．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“A new study shows that female academics are significantly underrepresented in winning academic prizes and having awards named after them.(一项新的研究表明，在获得学术奖项和以她们的名字命名的奖项方面，女性学者的比例明显不足。)”可知，文章主要讲述了科学奖项中的性别不平等。故选C。 37．B 38．B 39．B 40．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是恐龙虽然已经灭绝，但仍具有研究意义。科学家们一直在探索如何科学地测量恐龙。 37．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Weighing a dinosaur is no easy task. These extinct creatures were massive, and for the most part, all that remains are their bones, as their organs and skin have long since disappeared. (给恐龙称重可不是件容易的事。这些灭绝的生物体型庞大，大部分只剩下骨头，因为它们的器官和皮肤早就消失了)”可知，给恐龙称重之所以很难是因为它们的器官和皮肤早就消失了，即恐龙已经消失很久了。故选B。 38．推理判断题。根据第三段中“These methods were long thought to be at odds with each other, but Campione’s team found that both techniques are actually quite accurate.(长期以来，人们一直认为这两种方法相互矛盾，但Campione的研究小组发现，这两种方法实际上都相当准确)”可知，长期以来，人们一直认为这两种方法相互矛盾，但Campione的研究小组发现，这两种方法实际上都相当准确。由此推知，现有的任何一种技术都能精确地给恐龙称重。故选B。 39．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“David Evans, a researcher at the Royal Ontario Museum, in Toronto, says it’s important to use both methods because dinosaurs, like humans, did not come in one neat package.(多伦多皇家安大略博物馆的研究人员David Evans说，使用这两种方法很重要，因为恐龙和人类一样形状不规则)”可知，因为恐龙和人一样都是形状不规则，因此测量出恐龙的体重需要结合这两种方法，即将不同的方法相结合。故选B。 40．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Weighing a dinosaur is no easy task. These extinct creatures were massive, and for the most part, all that remains are their bones, as their organs and skin have long since disappeared. However, new research has found more than one way to measure the mass of these creatures.( 给恐龙称重可不是件容易的事。这些灭绝的生物体型庞大，大部分只剩下骨头，因为它们的器官和皮肤早就消失了。然而，新的研究发现了不止一种测量这些生物质量的方法)”以及最后一段中“ “Our new study suggests we are getting better at weighing dinosaurs, and it’s paving the way for more realistic dinosaur body-mass estimation in the future.”(“我们的新研究表明，我们在给恐龙称重方面做得越来越好，这为将来更现实地估计恐龙的体重铺平了道路。”)”可知，文章主要讲述了如何用不同的方法来准确测量恐龙。由此可知，A选项“How to Weigh a Dinosaur Properly(如何给恐龙称重)”概括文章主要内容，符合标题。故选A。 答案第2页，共22页 答案第1页，共22页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$