串讲04定语从句用法讲解 - 2023-2024学年高二英语下学期期末考点大串讲（译林版2020）

新牛津译林版高中英语 选择性必修三Unit1 选择性必修四Unit2 Grammar and usage She is a girl. She is pretty. He is a boy. He is handsome. She is a pretty girl. He is a handsome boy. 什么是定语？ —— 修饰名词或代词的词语或短语 1 定义 1.什么是定语从句？ 2.先行词： 3.定语从句的位置： 4.引导词：引导定语从句的词(包括关系代词和关系副词)。 　﹙1﹚关系代词： 　﹙2﹚关系副词： 在句子中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句。 被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。 紧跟先行词(名词或代词)之后。 that/who/whom/whose/which when/where/why 2 概念 3 关系代词（who, whom, which, that, whose）的指代关系 指人 指物 在定语从句中的作用 Who Whom Which that whose √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 主语 宾语 宾语 主语 宾语 主语 宾语 定语 关系副词的指代关系 指地点 指原因 指时间 在定语从句中的作用 where when why √ √ 时间状语 地点状语 介词+which 原因状语 √ 5 Grammar 1 限制性定语从句 Restrictive Attributive Clause Road to Grammar 一、限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句对先行项（先行词）进行限定或修饰，由关系代词或关系副词引导。主句和从句不用逗号隔开。 The boy who is wearing a black coat bought an iPod yesterday. 限制性定语从句 修饰the boy 先行词 关系词 『 』 1 定义 （一）限制性定语从句中关系代词的用法 a. The man (who) I talked with is our teacher. b. The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li. c. These are the trees which were planted last year. d. A plane is a machine that can fly. e. This is the scientist whose achievements are well known. 引导限制性定语从句的关系代词有：who(人), whom(人), which(物), that(人/物), whose(人/物), 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。 关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略 作主语 作定语 用法 1 ① I like the way (in which / that) you smile. ② I don't like the way (in which / that) he's looking at me. ③ This is the way (in which / that) we've always done it. 当先行词是way且在从句中表示“以……方式”时，常由that或in which引导定语从句，引导词也可以省略。 ① I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow. ② Did you have anything (that) you want to say for yourself? (1)先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much, none, some 等不定代词时。 that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换， 但在下列情况下，一般用that而不用which。 用that而不用which的情况 ① This is the very bus (that) I'm waiting for. ② The only thing (that) we can do is (to) give you some money. ③ I've read all the books that are not mine. (2)先行词被the only, the very(恰恰，正好), the same, the last, all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时。 (3)先行词是序数词或被序数词或最高级修饰时。 ① This train is the last that will go to Suzhou. ② This is the first book (that) he has read. ③ This is the most interesting film (that) I've seen. Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? (4)当先行词既有人又有物时。 (5) 当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。 ① Which is the bike that you lost? ② Who is the boy that won the gold medal? (6) 有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词宜用which，则另一个用that。 They secretly built up a small factory, which produced things that could cause pollution. （二）限制性定语从句中关系副词的用法 关系副词（when, where, why）引导定语从句时，既引导定语从句，又在定语从句中充当状语。关系副词可转化为介词+关系代词(which)结构。 a. He told me the date when (on which) he joined the Party. b. The hotel is the one where (at which) I stayed last month. c. I know the reason why (for which) she was so angry. 作时间状语 作地点状语 作原因状语 2 用法 Grammar 2 非限制性定语从句 Non-restrictive Attributive Clause Road to Grammar 非限制性定语从句 Water, which is a liquid, has many uses. 非限制性定语从句 对water补充说明 先行词 关系词 『 』 非限制性定语从句对先行项进行补充说明，由关系代词或关系副词引导。主语和从句用逗号隔开。 1 定义 （一）非限制性定语从句中关系代词的用法 非限制性定语从句由which, who, whom, whose等关系代词引导。 a. Peter, who had been driving all day, suggested stopping at the next town. b. I want to buy a dictionary, which is valuable to my learning. c. My brother, whom/who you met the other day, has gone abroad. d. Mrs. Gray,  whose children are in college, is trying to get a job.  2 用法 （二）非限制性定语从句中关系副词的用法 非限制性定语从句中，可用关系副词when, where引导。 a. He will put off the picnic until May 1st, when he will be free. b. Yesterday I went to the department store, where I met my teacher. 用法 2 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句的注意事项 1.“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句，关系代词常用whom或which，且不能省略。 a. I met an old friend from whom I had parted for many years. b. It was a crisis for which she was totally unprepared. c. They were badly hurt in the earthquake, because of which they didn't go to school. d. He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tall tree. 3 介词+关系代词的注意事项 三、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句的注意事项 2. 介词of +whom / which可替换由whose引导定语从句。 a. This is the scientist whose achievements are well known. = This is the scientist, the achievement of whom are well known. b. This is the house whose window broke last night. = This is the house, the window of which broke last night. 3 介词+关系代词的注意事项 三、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句的注意事项 3. 当定语从句中的谓语动词是固定搭配不可分割时，介词不可提前。 a. This is the pen which I’m looking for. b. This is the program which he listened to. 常见搭配有：listen to/look at/depend on/look for/pay attention to/take care of/look after/take part in/make use of/catch up with/get along with/hear of /look forward to等。 介词+关系代词的注意事项 3 三、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句的注意事项 4.“名词/代词/数词/表示整体或部分概念的词+介词+关系代词（which/whom）”结构可引出定语从句。 a. He paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten windows, most of which hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year. b. The football team has 15 members, the oldest of whom is 25 years old. c. Here are two pairs of socks, either of which you may choose. 3 介词+关系代词的注意事项 1. 根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系 Is that the newspaper ___ which you often write articles? 2. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配 Can you explain to me how to use these idioms _____ which I'm not sure? 3. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯 1949 was the year ___ which the P.R.C. was founded. for about in 关系代词前介词(介词＋which)的确定 限： the same... so/such ...as.. as(表同类)... that（表同一个）... as is said/as has been said before/as mentioned before as is reported as we all know/as is known to us all as is often the case as sb. put it as a proverb goes as often happens as is shown in the chart as anybody can see as is expected as sb. points out 非限： 4 as的用法 1. ［全国甲2023·63］Yet，the form of the fable still has values today, _______Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.” as 【解析】句意为：然而，正如蕾切尔·卡森在《明日的寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。as sb.says为固定句型，意为“正如某人所说”，as在此处引导非限制性定语从句故填as。 高考实战 2.［全国甲2023·64改编］“There was once a town in the heart of America _______all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings,”her fable begins,borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables. as 【解析】句意为：“从前在美国的中心有一个小镇，那里的万物似乎全都与其四周的环境和平共处，”她的寓言是这样开头的，并且从许多古老的寓言中借用了一些熟悉的词语。分析句子结构可知，设空处前后都是完整的句子；设空处后的句子修饰限制前面的town，应是定语从句，先行词town 指地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以应用关系副词 where。 高考实战 3. Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, _______ the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing （2021年全国甲卷阅读理解C篇） where 解析：整句的谓语是is，at an eastern bend in the Thames是后置定语，修饰主语Southbank; 空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰主语Southbank，并在从句中作地点状语，故填where。 高考实战 4. ［全国新高考I2022·65］The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species___________live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. that 【解析】句意为：大熊猫国家公园旨在为生活在大熊猫分布区的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，先行词为species，指物，且前面有all修饰。故填that。 5. Many lessons are now available online, from ___ students can choose for free. [2020江苏卷] A. whose B. which C. when D. whom 6. Dr. Rowan, ____ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. [2020天津高考真题] A. whose B. of whom C. of which D. which 7. We have entered into an age ____ dreams have the best chance of coming true. [2019·江苏卷·单项填空] A. which B. what C. when D. that 8. The naughty boy told the headmaster everything _____ was connected with the theft. 9. Through my stay in Montreal, I met lots of Chinese people ________ are struggling to succeed and then lead a better life in Canada. 10. I didn't buy the cellphone, ______ price was too high for me. 4. More importantly, there are teachers online ________ you can turn for help when you have problems. that that/who whose to whom 11. We're just trying to reach a point ______ both sides will sit down together and talk. 12. In the U.S., the fourth Thursday in November is called Thanksgiving Day, ______ Americans give thanks for the blessings they have enjoyed during the year. 13. One reason ______ the course is so popular is that it provides people with more knowledge. 14.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______ sat a small boy. where when why which $$