内容正文:
专题01【语境串考点】第一单元备考学案(译林版2019)
高考高频知识点:territory / distinct / urban / ancestor / minority / sample / dynamic / contrast / harmony / manner / elegant / sustain
(知识点来源:选择性必修三 Unit 1 · Wish you were here + 高考高频知识点)
学校:____________________ 姓名:____________________ 班级:__________ 座号:__________
目录
Part 1 语境串记语篇 1
【英文语篇】 1
【中文译文】 1
Part 2 知识点列表 1
Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 2
Part 4 词性变化总表 9
Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 9
【练习题】 9
Part 6 知识点默写:根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 11
【练习题】 11
Part 7 关联阅读 11
Part 8 复现知识点 — 英译汉 13
Part 9 写作运用 — 词汇升级 13
Part 10 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 14
Part 1 语境串记语篇
【英文语篇】
Canada is a country with a huge territory, and each part of it feels distinct. In the west there are high mountains and deep valleys; in the east there are small fishing towns beside a cold grey sea. Most people live in urban areas close to the southern border, yet the land behind their cities is still wild and quiet.
My host family in Toronto came from three places. The grandmother's ancestors were farmers in Ukraine; the father belongs to a small minority group from South Asia; the mother grew up in a First Nations community. On Sunday they let me sample dishes from all three kitchens at one long table. The city outside was dynamic and noisy, and the contrast with their quiet dining room was hard to believe. Three languages lived in that room in harmony. Their gentle manner, their elegant old teapot and their long family stories all helped me understand what really sustains a multicultural country.
【中文译文】
加拿大是一个拥有辽阔(territory)国土的国家,而它的每一片土地给人的感觉都(distinct)截然不同。西部是高山与深谷,东部则是灰冷海边的小渔镇。大多数人住在靠近南部边境的(urban)城市地区,可他们城市背后的土地依旧荒野而安静。
我在多伦多的寄宿家庭来自三个地方。祖母的(ancestor)祖先是乌克兰的农民;父亲属于一个来自南亚的(minority)少数族群;母亲则在原住民社区长大。周日他们让我在一张长桌上(sample)品尝了三个厨房里的菜肴。屋外的城市(dynamic)充满活力又嘈杂,与他们安静的餐厅形成的(contrast)反差让人难以置信。三种语言在那个房间里(harmony)和谐共处。他们温和的(manner)待人方式、那把(elegant)雅致的旧茶壶,还有他们悠长的家族故事,都让我明白了究竟是什么在真正(sustain)维系着一个多元文化的国家。
💡 语境串联记忆线索:辽阔国土→各地迥异→城市聚居→追溯祖先→少数族群→品尝美食→城市活力→静闹反差→和谐共处→待人方式→雅致器物→维系国家
记忆链:territory → distinct → urban → ancestor → minority → sample → dynamic → contrast → harmony → manner → elegant → sustain
Part 2 知识点列表
序号
知识点
音标
词性 + 释义 + 高考考点
1
territory
/ˈterətri/
n. 领土;领地;地域;(知识/活动的)领域 ⚡考点:a vast territory 辽阔的领土;uncharted territory 未知领域;come with the territory 是…的必然结果;territorial adj. 领土的
2
distinct
/dɪˈstɪŋkt/
adj. 截然不同的;清晰的;明显的 ⚡考点:be distinct from 与…截然不同;a distinct advantage 明显优势;distinctly adv. 明显地;辨析distinct/distinctive
3
urban
/ˈɜːbən/
adj. 城市的;都市的 ⚡考点:urban areas 城市地区;urban life 都市生活;urbanization n. 城市化;反义rural 乡村的;suburban 郊区的
4
ancestor
/ˈænsestə(r)/
n. 祖先;祖宗;(事物的)原型 ⚡考点:our ancestors 我们的祖先;ancestral home 祖屋;ancestry n. 血统;反义descendant 后代
5
minority
/maɪˈnɒrəti/
n. 少数;少数派;少数民族 ⚡考点:a minority of + 复数名词(谓语用复数);ethnic minorities 少数民族;be in the minority 占少数;反义majority
6
sample
/ˈsɑːmpl/
n. 样品;样本 vt. 品尝;体验;抽样检查 ⚡考点:a free sample 免费样品;sample the local food 品尝当地美食;a random sample 随机样本;sampling n. 抽样
7
dynamic
/daɪˈnæmɪk/
adj. 充满活力的;动态的 n. 动力;(pl.)动力学;互动关系 ⚡考点:a dynamic city 充满活力的城市;dynamism n. 活力;group dynamics 群体互动;dynamically adv.
8
contrast
n./ˈkɒntrɑːst/ v./kənˈtrɑːst/
n. 对比;反差 v. 对比;形成对照 ⚡考点:in contrast to/with 与…形成对比;by contrast 相比之下;contrast A with B;名动重音不同
9
harmony
/ˈhɑːməni/
n. 和谐;融洽;协调;和声 ⚡考点:live in harmony with 与…和谐相处;in harmony with 与…协调一致;harmonious adj. 和谐的;harmonize v. 使协调
10
manner
/ˈmænə(r)/
n. 方式;举止;态度 (manners) 礼貌;礼仪 ⚡考点:in a … manner 以…的方式;table manners 餐桌礼仪;It is bad manners to do sth. 做…没礼貌
11
elegant
/ˈelɪɡənt/
adj. 优雅的;雅致的;(方法)简洁巧妙的 ⚡考点:an elegant dress 雅致的裙装;an elegant solution 巧妙的方案;elegance n. 优雅;elegantly adv.
12
sustain
/səˈsteɪn/
vt. 维持;供养;支撑;遭受(伤害) ⚡考点:sustain life 维持生命;sustainable development 可持续发展;sustain an injury 受伤;sustainability n.
Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点
1. territory /ˈterətri/ n. 领土;领地;地域;(知识、活动的)领域
【核心考点】 territory是地理与文化类语篇的高频名词,介绍国家、民族与旅游话题时几乎必用。常用搭配a vast/huge territory(辽阔的领土)、Chinese territory(中国领土)、enter enemy territory(进入敌方地界)、be new/unknown territory to sb.(对某人来说是全新领域)、uncharted territory(未知领域)、come with the territory(是某职位或处境不可避免的一部分)。形容词territorial adj.(领土的;有地盘意识的)→ territorial waters(领海)、territorial disputes(领土争端)。辨析:territory(受某国或某群体控制的大片土地,也可抽象指知识领域)vs land(土地,最普通)vs region(地区,按地理或行政划分)vs area(区域,范围最泛)vs field(学术或专业领域)。加拿大话题中"国土面积世界第二"必写a vast territory。
【词根联想】 拉丁语terra"土地"+ -ory"场所;范围"→ 一片属于某方的土地→ 领土;地域。联想:terr"土地"→ terrace(露台;梯田)、terrain(地形)、territory(领土)、Mediterranean(地中海→在陆地中间)、extraterrestrial(外星的→地球之外的)。
【熟词生义】 熟词生义:territory n. (知识、经验、活动的)领域;范围。熟义"领土"之外,territory常抽象指某人熟悉或陌生的领域,如That subject is unknown territory to me(那门学科对我来说是全然陌生的领域)、Long working hours come with the territory(长时间工作是这份职业免不了的)。此义在议论文与人物访谈类阅读中高频出现。
【经典原句】
(经典原句)"Canada has the second largest territory in the world, yet most of its people live within a few hundred kilometres of the southern border."(加拿大拥有世界第二大的国土面积,但它的绝大多数人口都居住在距南部边境数百公里以内的地带。)(经典原句·territory 领土;国土)
【搭配词块】 a vast territory 辽阔的领土 / uncharted territory 未知领域 / come with the territory 是…的必然部分 / territorial adj. 领土的
2. distinct /dɪˈstɪŋkt/ adj. 截然不同的;清晰的;明显的;不容置疑的
【核心考点】 distinct是高考阅读与写作的高频形容词,多元文化话题尤其常见。核心搭配be distinct from(与…截然不同)、three distinct groups(三个截然不同的群体)、a distinct advantage(明显的优势)、a distinct impression(清晰的印象)、a distinct possibility(很有可能的事)。副词distinctly adv.(清楚地;明显地)→ distinctly modern(十足现代的)、remember distinctly(记得很清楚);名词distinction n.(区别;卓越)→ make a distinction between;distinctive adj.(独特的;有辨识度的)。辨析:distinct(强调彼此界限分明、清晰可辨)vs distinctive(强调有特色、能用来识别,如a distinctive accent)vs different(最普通的"不同")vs unique(独一无二的)。写"各民族文化各具特色"用distinct cultures最贴切。
【词根联想】 dis-(分开,apart)+ stinguere(拉丁语"刺;做记号")→ 用刺点分别做上标记→ 界限分明的→ 截然不同的。联想:sting/stinct"刺"→ sting(叮咬)、distinct(截然不同的)、instinct(本能→内心被刺激的驱动)、extinct(灭绝的→火被刺灭)、distinguish(区分)。
【熟词生义】 熟词生义:distinct adj. 明显的;不容置疑的(用于加强语气)。熟义"截然不同的"之外,distinct常表示"确凿无疑、显而易见",如a distinct possibility(很有可能发生的事)、a distinct improvement(明显的改进)、a distinct smell of smoke(一股很明显的烟味)。此义多出现在议论文与说明文中。
【真题原句】
(2022·新课标Ⅱ卷·阅读C·distinctly修饰modern)"So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to an old approach: They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving."(因此,为了改变这样一种十足现代的行为,立法者与公共卫生专家正重拾一种老办法:他们希望像对待酒后驾驶那样对待分心驾驶。)(真题原句·distinct 明显的;十足的)
【搭配词块】 be distinct from 与…截然不同 / a distinct advantage 明显优势 / distinctly adv. 明显地 / distinction n. 区别
3. urban /ˈɜːbən/ adj. 城市的;都市的;城镇的
【核心考点】 urban是城市化与环境话题的核心形容词,近年新高考阅读几乎年年出现。常见搭配urban areas(城市地区)、urban life(都市生活)、urban development/planning(城市发展/规划)、urban population(城市人口)、the urban poor(城市贫困人口)。名词urbanization n.(城市化);动词urbanize v.(使城市化);相关词suburban adj.(郊区的)、suburb n.(郊区)、rural adj.(乡村的,urban的反义词)、urbanite n.(城里人)。辨析:urban(城市的,与rural相对,语体较正式)vs city(名词作定语,如city centre)vs metropolitan(大都市的,指大城市及其周边)vs municipal(市政的,指政府管理)。写"城市地区难以亲近自然"就是access to nature in urban areas。
【词根联想】 拉丁语urbs"城市"+ -an"…的"→ 城市的。联想:urb"城市"→ urban(城市的)、suburb(郊区→sub在旁边+ urb城市)、suburban(郊区的)、urbanize(使城市化)、urbane(彬彬有礼的→城里人式的教养)。
【真题原句】
(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷·阅读D·urban areas表"城市地区")"As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find."(随着城市急剧扩张,生活在城市地区的人们越来越难以接近大自然。)(真题原句·urban 城市的)
【搭配词块】 urban areas 城市地区 / urban life 都市生活 / urbanization n. 城市化 / rural adj. 乡村的(反义)
4. ancestor /ˈænsestə(r)/ n. 祖先;祖宗;(动植物的)原种;(事物的)原型
【核心考点】 ancestor是家族史与移民文化话题的关键名词,读后续写与阅读理解常见。常用搭配our ancestors(我们的祖先)、distant ancestors(远祖)、trace one's ancestors back to(把祖先追溯到…)、be descended from(是…的后裔)。形容词ancestral adj.(祖先的;祖传的)→ ancestral home(祖屋;老家)、ancestral land(祖辈的土地);名词ancestry n.(血统;世系)→ of Chinese ancestry(华裔)。反义词descendant n.(后代;子孙)。辨析:ancestor(正式,指几代以前的先人,可用于生物学的"原种")vs forefather(较文学化,多用复数,带敬意)vs predecessor(前任;前身,指职位或事物)vs relative(亲戚,泛指)。写移民家庭史必用one's ancestors came from…。
【词根联想】 an-/ante-(在前,before)+ cess/ced(拉丁语cedere"走")+ -or(人)→ 走在前面的人→ 祖先。联想:ced/cess"走"→ precede(先行)、proceed(继续前进)、access(进入;通道)、exceed(超过→走出界)、ancestor(祖先)。
【熟词生义】 熟词生义:ancestor n. (机器、事物的)原型;前身。熟义"祖先"之外,ancestor可指某事物的早期形态,如The ancestor of the modern bicycle had no pedals(现代自行车的原型没有脚踏板)、the ancestor of today's computer(今日计算机的前身)。此义在科技史类说明文中较常见。
【经典原句】
(经典原句)"Her ancestors crossed the Atlantic in 1885 and helped to build the railway that now runs across the whole country."(她的祖先在1885年横渡大西洋,参与修建了如今贯穿整个国家的铁路。)(经典原句·ancestor 祖先)
【搭配词块】 our ancestors 我们的祖先 / ancestral home 祖屋 / ancestry n. 血统 / descendant n. 后代(反义)
5. minority /maɪˈnɒrəti/ n. 少数;少数派;少数民族 adj. 少数民族的
【核心考点】 minority是多元文化与社会话题的核心名词,也是语法填空主谓一致的常考点。用法要点:a minority of + 复数名词,谓语通常用复数,如A minority of students prefer online classes;be in the minority(占少数);a small/tiny minority(极少数);ethnic minorities(少数民族);minority language/culture(少数民族语言/文化)。反义词majority n.(多数)→ the majority of、be in the majority。形容词minor adj.(较小的;次要的)→ a minor problem;动词与名词minor(辅修)。辨析:minority(数量上占少数的一部分人或群体)vs few(少数,作形容词或代词)vs handful(少数几个,口语化)vs part(部分,最泛)。加拿大话题写"少数族裔社区"就是minority communities。
【词根联想】 minor"较小的;较少的"(拉丁语minor"更小")+ -ity(名词后缀,表状态)→ 处于较小数量的状态→ 少数。联想:min"小"→ minor(较小的)、minimum(最小值)、minimize(使最小化)、diminish(减少)、minority(少数)。
【熟词生义】 熟词生义:minority adj. 少数民族的;少数派的。熟义作名词"少数"之外,minority可直接作定语形容词,如minority groups(少数群体)、minority languages(少数民族语言)、a minority view(少数派观点)。此义在社会文化类阅读与图表作文中很实用。
【经典原句】
(经典原句)"Only a small minority of the families in that village still speak the language of their grandparents."(那个村子里只有极少数家庭还在讲他们祖辈的语言。)(经典原句·minority 少数)
【搭配词块】 a minority of 少数… / ethnic minorities 少数民族 / be in the minority 占少数 / majority n. 多数(反义)
6. sample /ˈsɑːmpl/ n. 样品;样本;试用装 vt. 品尝;体验;抽样检查
【核心考点】 sample兼有名词"样本"与动词"品尝、体验"两大义项,旅游与科研两类语篇都高频。作名词:a free sample(免费试用装)、a sample of blood/soil(血样/土样)、a random sample(随机样本)、a representative sample(有代表性的样本)。作动词:sample the local food/cuisine(品尝当地美食)、sample local life(体验当地生活)、sample a new dish(尝一道新菜)。名词sampling n.(抽样;取样)→ random sampling(随机抽样)。辨析:sample(作动词时强调"少量地尝试、体验",旅游语境首选)vs taste(尝味道,最普通)vs try(试一试,最泛)vs experience(亲身经历,范围更大)。写旅游攻略"品尝地道美食"用sample the local cuisine比eat高级得多。
【词根联想】 源自古法语essample/拉丁语exemplum"取出来的一份,样品"(ex-取出+ emere拿),词首音节脱落后成为sample。联想:sample与example同源→ example(例子)、exemplify(举例说明)、exemplary(模范的)、sample(样品→取出来的一小份)。
【熟词生义】 熟词生义:sample vt. 品尝;体验(少量地试)。熟义名词"样品"之外,sample作动词在旅游与美食类语篇中极为高频,如sample the local cuisine(品尝当地菜肴)、sample the nightlife of the city(体验这座城市的夜生活)。这是本单元旅游话题的写作亮点词。
【经典原句】
(经典原句)"Visitors to the market are welcome to sample the local cheese and maple syrup before they buy anything."(来市场的游客在购买之前,都可以先品尝当地的奶酪与枫糖浆。)(经典原句·sample 品尝)
【搭配词块】 a free sample 免费样品 / sample the local food 品尝当地美食 / a random sample 随机样本 / sampling n. 抽样
7. dynamic /daɪˈnæmɪk/ adj. 充满活力的;动态的;有生气的 n. 动力;(pl.)动力学;互动关系
【核心考点】 dynamic是描写城市、经济与人物的高分形容词,写作提分利器。常用搭配a dynamic city/economy(充满活力的城市/经济)、a dynamic personality(有魅力的性格)、a dynamic process(动态过程)、dynamic and complex(充满活力而复杂的)。名词dynamism n.(活力;干劲)→ the drive and dynamism of a young country;dynamics n.(动力学;相互作用)→ group dynamics(群体互动)、family dynamics(家庭关系模式);副词dynamically adv.。辨析:dynamic(强调内在动力使事物不断变化发展,语体正式)vs energetic(精力充沛的,多形容人)vs active(活跃的,最普通)vs lively(活泼的,偏口语)vs vigorous(强健有力的)。描写多伦多、温哥华这类移民城市,a dynamic multicultural city是标准表达。
【词根联想】 希腊语dynamis"力量;能力"+ -ic(形容词后缀)→ 有力量的→ 充满活力的。联想:dyn"力"→ dynamic(充满活力的)、dynamo(发电机)、dynamite(炸药)、dynasty(王朝→掌握权力者的世系)、dynamics(动力学)。
【熟词生义】 熟词生义:dynamics n. (人与人、群体之间的)互动关系;相互作用。熟义"动力学"之外,dynamics在社会科学语篇中常指关系模式,如group dynamics(群体互动)、the dynamics of the family(家庭成员间的互动关系)、power dynamics(权力关系)。此义在心理与社会类阅读中常见。
【真题原句】
(2022·全国甲卷·阅读D·dynamism名词表"活力")"We've got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism of a young country."(我们拥有一个建立在古老文化之上的根基,却又带着一个年轻国家的干劲与活力。)(真题原句·dynamic 活力;充满活力的)
【搭配词块】 a dynamic city 充满活力的城市 / dynamism n. 活力 / group dynamics 群体互动 / dynamically adv. 动态地
8. contrast n./ˈkɒntrɑːst/ v./kənˈtrɑːst/ n. 对比;对照;反差;明显的差异 v. 对比;形成对照
【核心考点】 contrast是阅读理解写作手法题与议论文写作的双高频词,注意名词重音在前、动词重音在后。核心搭配in contrast to/with sth.(与…形成对比,句首常用)、by contrast(相比之下,通常单独作状语)、a sharp/striking/marked contrast(鲜明的对比)、contrast A with B(把A与B加以对比)、contrast with(与…形成对照,不及物)。形容词contrasting adj.(对比鲜明的)→ contrasting views;副词in stark contrast(形成鲜明反差)。辨析:in contrast to(后接名词或动名词,强调两者差异)vs on the contrary(与此相反,用于纠正上文说法)vs compared with(与…相比,可比同也可比异)vs unlike(不像,介词)。这三组极易混淆,是完形与语法填空的常考陷阱。
【词根联想】 contra-(相反,against)+ stare(拉丁语"站立")→ 站在对立的位置上→ 对照;反差。联想:contra-"反"→ contrary(相反的)、contradict(反驳→反着说)、controversy(争论)、contrast(对比)、counter(对抗)。
【熟词生义】 熟词生义:contrast vi. 形成对比(后接with,不及物)。熟义名词"对比"之外,contrast作不及物动词表示"(与…)形成反差",如Her calm voice contrasted sharply with the noise outside(她平静的嗓音与外面的喧闹形成鲜明反差)。此义在读后描写与图表作文中很实用。
【真题原句】
(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷·阅读C·in contrast to表"与…形成对比")"And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, 'off-line' activity."(与我们日益网络化、所获取的信息都被监控和追踪的生活相比,一本纸质书依然提供了一种完全私密的"离线"活动的可能。)(真题原句·contrast 对比)
【搭配词块】 in contrast to 与…形成对比 / by contrast 相比之下 / contrast A with B 把A与B对比 / a sharp contrast 鲜明反差
9. harmony /ˈhɑːməni/ n. 和谐;融洽;协调一致;(音乐)和声
【核心考点】 harmony是人与自然、人与社会两大主题语境的高分名词,写作中用于升华主旨。核心搭配live in harmony (with)(与…和谐相处)、in harmony with nature(与自然和谐共处)、be in harmony with(与…协调一致)、social harmony(社会和谐)、racial harmony(种族融洽);反义in disharmony/out of harmony with(与…不协调)。形容词harmonious adj.(和谐的;悦耳的)→ a harmonious society;动词harmonize v.(使协调;使一致);副词harmoniously adv.。辨析:harmony(多方共存而不冲突,语体庄重,多用于抽象关系)vs peace(和平;平静,侧重无战争无干扰)vs agreement(意见一致,指具体共识)vs balance(平衡,强调力量对等)。多元文化主题句"不同族群和谐共处"就是different groups live in harmony。
【词根联想】 希腊语harmonia"连接;契合;协调"(源自harmos"接合处")→ 各部分严丝合缝地接在一起→ 和谐。联想:harm-"接合"→ harmony(和谐)、harmonious(和谐的)、harmonize(使协调)、harmonica(口琴→多个音调合鸣)。注意与harm(伤害)无词源关系,勿混。
【熟词生义】 熟词生义:harmony n. 和声(音乐术语)。熟义"和谐"之外,harmony在音乐语境中指与主旋律配合的声部,如sing in harmony(用和声演唱)、three-part harmony(三声部和声)。此义在艺术类阅读与听力中偶有出现。
【经典原句】
(经典原句)"For more than a century the two communities have lived side by side in harmony, sharing the same market and the same school."(一个多世纪以来,这两个社区一直毗邻而居、和谐相处,共用同一个市场与同一所学校。)(经典原句·harmony 和谐)
【搭配词块】 live in harmony 和谐相处 / in harmony with 与…协调 / harmonious adj. 和谐的 / harmonize v. 使协调
10. manner /ˈmænə(r)/ n. 方式;方法;举止;态度;(manners) 礼貌;礼仪;风俗
【核心考点】 manner是高考经典"单复数不同义"名词,必须分清。单数manner:①方式、方法→ in this manner(以这种方式)、in a friendly/polite manner(以友好/礼貌的方式)、in a manner of speaking(在某种意义上说);②举止、态度→ He has a gentle manner(他举止温和)。复数manners:礼貌、礼仪→ table manners(餐桌礼仪)、good/bad manners(有/没礼貌)、It is bad manners to speak with your mouth full(嘴里塞满食物说话很不礼貌)、mind your manners(注意礼貌)。形容词mannered adj.(做作的;有…举止的);well-mannered(有礼貌的)。辨析:manner(方式,可与in搭配)vs way(方式,最通用,in a … way)vs method(方法,指系统步骤)vs means(手段,by means of)。跨文化交际话题中manners几乎必考。
【词根联想】 拉丁语manuarius"用手的"(manus"手")→ 用手操作的方式→ 做事方式→ 举止;引申复数为待人接物的规矩→ 礼貌。联想:man/manu"手"→ manual(手册;手工的)、manufacture(制造→用手做)、manage(管理→用手驾驭)、manuscript(手稿)、manner(方式;举止)。
【熟词生义】 熟词生义:manners n. 礼貌;礼仪;风俗(必须用复数)。熟义单数"方式"之外,manner加-s后含义完全改变,指社会公认的行为规范,如table manners(餐桌礼仪)、It is bad manners to point at people(用手指人很不礼貌)、the manners and customs of a country(一国的风俗礼仪)。这是高考名词辨析的经典考点。
【经典原句】
(经典原句)"She answered all our clumsy questions in a calm and friendly manner, and her table manners made every guest feel at ease."(她以平静而友善的方式回答了我们所有笨拙的问题,而她的餐桌礼仪让每一位客人都感到自在。)(经典原句·manner 方式;manners 礼仪)
【搭配词块】 in a friendly manner 以友好的方式 / table manners 餐桌礼仪 / It is bad manners to do 做…没礼貌 / well-mannered adj. 有礼貌的
11. elegant /ˈelɪɡənt/ adj. 优雅的;优美的;雅致的;(方法、方案)简洁巧妙的
【核心考点】 elegant是描写人、物与场景的高级形容词,读后续写与说明文都能提分。常用搭配an elegant dress/lady(雅致的裙装/优雅的女士)、an elegant building/room(雅致的建筑/房间)、elegant handwriting(漂亮的字迹)、an elegant solution(巧妙的解决方案)。名词elegance n.(优雅;雅致)→ with elegance;副词elegantly adv.(优雅地)→ elegantly dressed;反义inelegant adj.(不雅的)。辨析:elegant(优雅精致,含品位与分寸感,可修饰人、物、方案)vs graceful(动作、体态优美,多形容举止)vs delicate(精致纤巧,也指易碎、微妙)vs splendid(壮丽气派,规模宏大)vs magnificent(宏伟壮观)。描写旧物、老建筑与得体举止时,elegant比beautiful更有质感。
【词根联想】 拉丁语elegans"精心挑选的;有品位的"(e-/ex-"出"+ leg"挑选")→ 挑选得当而显出品位→ 优雅的。联想:leg/lect"选;读"→ select(挑选)、collect(收集)、elect(选举)、intelligent(聪明的→善于在其中挑选)、elegant(优雅的)。
【熟词生义】 熟词生义:elegant adj. (方法、论证、方案)简洁而巧妙的。熟义"优雅的"之外,elegant在科技与学术语篇中形容解决方案的精妙简洁,如an elegant solution to a difficult problem(对一个难题的巧妙解法)、an elegant proof(一个简洁漂亮的证明)。此义在科普类阅读中常见。
【真题原句】
(2022·全国甲卷·阅读D·elegant表"优雅的")"Catamarans are faster, but they're not so elegant, and they're not fun to pilot."(双体船更快,但它们没那么优雅,驾驶起来也不有趣。)(真题原句·elegant 优雅的)
【搭配词块】 an elegant dress 雅致的裙装 / elegance n. 优雅 / an elegant solution 巧妙的方案 / elegantly adv. 优雅地
12. sustain /səˈsteɪn/ vt. 维持;使持续;供养;支撑;遭受(伤害、损失)
【核心考点】 sustain及其派生词sustainable是环保与发展类语篇的顶级高频词。常用搭配sustain life(维持生命)、sustain interest/growth(保持兴趣/增长)、sustain a family(养活一家人)、sustain the weight of(支撑…的重量)、sustain an injury(受伤,正式用语)。形容词sustainable adj.(可持续的)→ sustainable development(可持续发展)、sustainable tourism(可持续旅游);名词sustainability n.(可持续性);形容词sustained adj.(持续的)→ sustained efforts(持续的努力)。辨析:sustain(从下方支撑使之长期不衰,语体正式)vs maintain(保持原状,最通用)vs support(支持;供养,最普通)vs preserve(保存原样,防止损坏)。写旅游业对小镇的意义,Tourism sustains the whole town是地道表达。
【词根联想】 sus-(sub-"在下"的变体)+ tenere(拉丁语"握住;保持")→ 在下面托住不让其倒下→ 支撑;维持。联想:tain/ten"握住"→ maintain(维持→用手保持)、contain(容纳→握在里面)、obtain(获得)、retain(保留)、detain(拘留)、sustain(维持)。
【熟词生义】 熟词生义:sustain vt. 遭受(伤害、损失等)。熟义"维持"之外,sustain在新闻与正式书面语中表示"受到损害",如sustain an injury(受伤)、sustain heavy losses(遭受重大损失)、The building sustained serious damage(这栋楼受损严重)。此义为高考词义辨析的隐性考点。
【真题原句】
(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读A·sustainable表"可持续的")"Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights."(骑自行车是探索这座城市最经济、最可持续也最有趣的方式,你可以看到它美丽的运河、公园、广场和无数灯火。)(真题原句·sustain 维持;sustainable 可持续的)
【搭配词块】 sustain life 维持生命 / sustainable development 可持续发展 / sustain an injury 受伤 / sustainability n. 可持续性
Part 4 词性变化总表
原词
派生词1
派生词2
派生词3
核心搭配
territory
territories (n.pl.)
territorial (adj.)
---
a vast territory / territorial waters
distinct
distinctly (adv.)
distinction (n.)
distinctive (adj.)
be distinct from / a distinct advantage
urban
urbanize (v.)
urbanization (n.)
suburban (adj.)
urban areas / urban life
ancestor
ancestors (n.pl.)
ancestral (adj.)
ancestry (n.)
our ancestors / ancestral home
minority
minorities (n.pl.)
minor (adj.)
majority (n.)
a minority of / ethnic minorities
sample
samples (n.pl.)
sampled (v.)
sampling (n.)
a free sample / sample the local food
dynamic
dynamism (n.)
dynamics (n.)
dynamically (adv.)
a dynamic city / group dynamics
contrast
contrasting (adj.)
contrasted (v.)
contrastive (adj.)
in contrast to / by contrast
harmony
harmonious (adj.)
harmonize (v.)
harmoniously (adv.)
live in harmony / in harmony with
manner
manners (n.pl.)
mannered (adj.)
well-mannered (adj.)
in a … manner / table manners
elegant
elegance (n.)
elegantly (adv.)
inelegant (adj.)
an elegant dress / an elegant solution
sustain
sustainable (adj.)
sustainability (n.)
sustained (adj.)
sustain life / sustainable development
Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空
【练习题】
1.(2023新课标Ⅱ卷·阅读D·改编)Access to nature for people living in ____________ (urbanize) areas is becoming harder to find as cities balloon with growth.
2.(2023新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读A·改编)Cycling is the most economical, ____________ (sustain) and fun way to explore the city of Amsterdam.
3.(2022全国甲卷·阅读D·改编)Catamarans are faster, but they are not so ____________ (elegance), and they are not fun to pilot.
4.(2022全国甲卷·阅读D·改编)Australia has a foundation built on ancient cultures but with the drive and ____________ (dynamic) of a young country.
5.(2023新课标Ⅱ卷·阅读C·改编)In ____________ (contrasting) to our increasingly networked lives, a printed book still offers a wholly private activity.
6.(2022新课标Ⅱ卷·阅读C·改编)Lawmakers are reaching back to an old approach in order to change this ____________ (distinct) modern behaviour.
7.(2026山东济南·模拟)Canada covers a huge ____________ (territorial) that stretches all the way from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
8.(2026广东广州·模拟)Her ____________ (ancestral) crossed the Atlantic in 1885 and helped to build the first railway across the country.
9.(2026浙江杭州·模拟)Only a small ____________ (minor) of the families in that fishing village still speak the old language.
10.(2026江苏南京·模拟)Visitors are welcome to ____________ (samples) the local cheese and maple syrup before they buy anything.
11.(2026四川成都·模拟)The two communities have lived side by side in perfect ____________ (harmonious) for more than a century.
12.(2026湖南长沙·模拟)She answered all our clumsy questions in a calm and friendly ____________ (mannered).
13.(2026河北石家庄·模拟)The old lakeside hotel was famous for its ____________ (elegance) dining room and its warm-hearted staff.
14.(2026福建厦门·模拟)Tourism ____________ (sustainable) thousands of families in the small fishing villages along the eastern coast.
15.(2026湖北武汉·模拟)The ____________ (distinctly) flavour of maple syrup makes a Canadian breakfast unforgettable for every visitor.
【答案】
1. urban 2. sustainable 3. elegant 4. dynamism 5. contrast 6. distinctly 7. territory 8. ancestors 9. minority 10. sample 11. harmony 12. manner 13. elegant 14. sustains 15. distinct
【逐题解析】
1. urban — 提示词urbanize(动词)需转形容词作定语修饰areas,urban areas意为"城市地区"。
2. sustainable — 提示词sustain(动词)需转形容词,与economical、fun并列作定语修饰way。
3. elegant — 提示词elegance(名词)需转形容词作表语,be not so elegant 不那么优雅。
4. dynamism — 提示词dynamic(形容词)需转名词,与drive并列作介词with的宾语。
5. contrast — 提示词contrasting需转名词,固定短语in contrast to 意为"与…相比"。
6. distinctly — 提示词distinct(形容词)需转副词,修饰形容词modern,表"十足现代的"。
7. territory — 提示词territorial(形容词)需转名词作宾语,a huge territory 辽阔国土。
8. ancestors — 提示词ancestral(形容词)需转名词复数作主语,谓语crossed为复数形式。
9. minority — 提示词minor(形容词)需转名词,a small minority of 意为"极少数"。
10. sample — 提示词samples需转动词原形,不定式to后接原形,此处意为"品尝"。
11. harmony — 提示词harmonious(形容词)需转名词,in perfect harmony 完全和谐地。
12. manner — 提示词mannered需转单数名词,in a … manner 意为"以…的方式"。
13. elegant — 提示词elegance(名词)需转形容词作定语修饰dining room,意为"雅致的"。
14. sustains — 提示词sustainable需转动词,主语Tourism为不可数名词,谓语用第三人称单数。
15. distinct — 提示词distinctly(副词)需转形容词修饰名词flavour,意为"独特的"。
Part 6 知识点默写:根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇
【练习题】
加拿大是一个拥有辽阔____________(国土)的国家,而它的每一片土地给人的感觉都____________(截然不同的)。大多数人住在靠近南部边境的____________(城市的)地区,可他们城市背后的土地依旧荒野而安静。
我在多伦多的寄宿家庭来自三个地方。祖母的____________(祖先)是乌克兰的农民;父亲属于一个来自南亚的____________(少数)族群;周日他们让我在一张长桌上____________(品尝)了三个厨房里的菜肴。
屋外的城市____________(充满活力的)又嘈杂,与他们安静的餐厅形成的____________(反差)让人难以置信;三种语言在那个房间里____________(和谐)共处。他们温和的____________(待人方式)、那把____________(雅致的)旧茶壶,都让我明白了究竟是什么在真正____________(维系)着一个多元文化的国家。
【答案】
territory; distinct; urban; ancestors; minority; sample; dynamic; contrast; harmony; manner; elegant; sustains
Part 7 关联阅读
Last summer I spent six weeks in Canada on a student exchange programme. Before I left home, I imagined a country of snow, forests and hockey. What I found instead was a place whose enormous territory holds a dozen small worlds, and every one of them is distinct. From the plane I watched wheat fields turn into lakes, and lakes turn into bare grey rock, for four whole hours.
I stayed with the Chens in Vancouver, a busy urban family of five. Mrs Chen's ancestors had left southern China in the 1880s to work on the railway, while Mr Chen belonged to a small minority community from Eastern Europe. Their neighbours were Somali, Punjabi and Cree. On my first Saturday they took me to a street market where I could sample food from nine countries in one afternoon. Nothing there felt like a museum. The market was loud, crowded and dynamic, and the contrast with the silent forest we had walked through that morning could not have been greater.
What surprised me most, however, was not the food but the manner in which people spoke to strangers. Nobody ever asked me where I was really from. One evening Mrs Chen took an elegant wooden box down from a high shelf and opened it for me. It had crossed the Pacific with her great-grandfather. "We keep it," she said quietly, "so that the children never forget that this family did not begin here." I thought of my own grandmother at once, and I understood her better than I ever had at home.
Of course, harmony is not automatic. Mr Chen told me that some communities still live side by side for years without ever meeting, and that good jobs and cheap housing are far from equally shared. What sustains the country, he believed, is a daily habit rather than a law: the habit of assuming that the person standing next to you has a story worth listening to. I came home with photographs of mountains, but the memory I kept was of a crowded table where five languages were spoken and nobody was ever asked to choose only one.
1. What did the author expect Canada to be like before the trip?
A. A land of snow, forests and hockey.
B. A country covered with endless wheat fields.
C. A place full of small fishing towns by the sea.
D. A nation of quiet villages high in the mountains.
2. What impression did the street market leave on the author?
A. It sold mainly the food of one single country.
B. It had clearly been designed for foreign tourists.
C. It felt lively and real rather than like a museum.
D. It was too crowded for visitors to enjoy anything.
3. Why does Mrs Chen keep the wooden box?
A. Because it is now worth a large sum of money.
B. Because it reminds her children of their origins.
C. Because it was a gift from her new neighbours.
D. Because it is the only thing left of her old house.
4. What does Mr Chen think really holds the country together?
A. Strict laws about housing and equal pay.
B. The wide use of one common national language.
C. Regular official meetings between communities.
D. An everyday willingness to listen to other people.
【参考答案与高考标准解析】
答案:1.A 2.C 3.B 4.D
第1题(细节理解题·高考核心):首段第二句Before I left home, I imagined a country of snow, forests and hockey, and nothing else直接给出作者出发前对加拿大的全部想象,即冰雪、森林与冰球三样,A项与原文完全对应。B项麦田、C项海边渔镇均出现在后文的实际见闻中,属于"到达之后才看到",而非行前想象;D项山间静村文中根本未提,属无中生有。
第2题(推理判断题·高考高频):第二段先说街头市场一个下午就能sample到九个国家的食物,紧接着强调Nothing there felt like a museum,并用loud, crowded and dynamic三个词描写其气氛,说明市场是活生生的日常生活现场而非供人参观的陈列,故C项最准确。A项与"九个国家的食物"矛盾;B项"为外国游客设计"恰是museum一词所否定的;D项拥挤影响体验属过度引申,作者语气是欣赏而非抱怨。
第3题(细节理解题·高考核心):第三段中陈太太取出那只elegant木盒时说得非常清楚:We keep it so that the children never forget that this family did not begin here,即保留它是为了让孩子们记住家族的来处与根源,B项"提醒孩子们自己的出身"与之完全吻合。A项木盒的金钱价值文中从未涉及;C项它是曾祖父带过太平洋的旧物,并非邻居所赠;D项"祖屋唯一遗物"纯属编造。
第4题(推理判断题·高考压轴):末段以harmony与sustains两个目标词收束全文,陈先生先承认和谐并非自动实现,随后点明What sustains the country is a daily habit rather than a law: the habit of assuming that the person standing next to you has a story worth listening to,即维系国家的是日常愿意倾听他人的习惯而非法律,故选D。A项被rather than a law直接否定;B项统一语言与结尾"五种语言同席"相悖;C项官方定期会晤文中未提。
📖 本语篇覆盖的目标词汇:territory, distinct, urban, ancestor, minority, sample, dynamic, contrast, harmony, manner, elegant, sustain
Part 8 复现知识点 — 英译汉
请根据英文写出对应汉语释义:
乐思英语 ·高考高频知识点
1
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
1. territory — __________
2. distinct — __________
3. urban — __________
4. ancestor — __________
5. minority — __________
6. sample — __________
7. dynamic — __________
8. contrast — __________
9. harmony — __________
10. manner — __________
11. elegant — __________
12. sustain — __________
13. distinctive — __________
14. urbanization — __________
15. ancestral — __________
16. harmonious — __________
17. elegance — __________
18. sustainable — __________
19. in contrast to — __________
20. table manners — __________
【参考答案】
1. 领土;地域;领域 2. 截然不同的;明显的 3. 城市的;都市的
4. 祖先;原型 5. 少数;少数民族 6. 样品;品尝;体验
7. 充满活力的;动态的 8. 对比;反差;形成对照 9. 和谐;融洽;和声
10. 方式;举止;(pl.)礼仪 11. 优雅的;简洁巧妙的 12. 维持;供养;遭受
13. 独特的;有辨识度的(形容词) 14. 城市化(名词) 15. 祖先的;祖传的(形容词)
16. 和谐的;悦耳的(形容词) 17. 优雅;雅致(名词) 18. 可持续的(形容词)
19. 与…形成对比(短语) 20. 餐桌礼仪(短语)
Part 9 写作运用 — 词汇升级
同义转换:用本专题词汇替换下面句中的普通词,提升写作表达:
1. Canada has a very large area of land that stretches from one ocean to the other.
→ Canada has a very large ____________ that stretches from one ocean to the other.
2. The culture of each province is completely different from that of its close neighbours.
→ The culture of each province is quite ____________ from that of its close neighbours.
3. Most Canadians live in city areas that lie fairly close to the southern border.
→ Most Canadians live in ____________ areas that lie fairly close to the southern border.
4. Her family members from long ago came to this country by ship in 1885.
→ Her ____________ came to this country by ship in 1885.
5. Only a small number of the people in that old town still speak the language.
→ Only a small ____________ of the people in that old town still speak the language.
6. Visitors are welcome to taste a little of the local cheese before they buy it.
→ Visitors are welcome to ____________ the local cheese before they buy it.
7. Vancouver is a lively city that never seems to stop growing and changing.
→ Vancouver is a ____________ city that never seems to stop growing and changing.
8. The difference between the noisy market and the silent forest was really great.
→ The ____________ between the noisy market and the silent forest was really great.
9. People of many backgrounds have lived together peacefully in this street for years.
→ People of many backgrounds have lived together in ____________ in this street for years.
10. She answered all our clumsy questions in a calm and friendly way.
→ She answered all our clumsy questions in a calm and friendly ____________.
11. The old lakeside hotel is famous for its beautiful and graceful dining room.
→ The old lakeside hotel is famous for its ____________ dining room.
12. Tourism keeps thousands of families going in the small fishing villages.
→ Tourism ____________ thousands of families in the small fishing villages.
【答案】
1. territory 2. distinct 3. urban 4. ancestors 5. minority 6. sample 7. dynamic 8. contrast 9. harmony 10. manner 11. elegant 12. sustains
Part 10 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测
遮挡提示,尝试用12个目标词复述下面这条记忆链:
记忆链:territory → distinct → urban → ancestor → minority → sample → dynamic → contrast → harmony → manner → elegant → sustain
复述模板(填空):
加拿大拥有辽阔的____________(国土),每一片土地都____________(截然不同的),大多数人住在南部边境附近的____________(城市的)地区。
我寄宿家庭的祖母,其____________(祖先)来自乌克兰;父亲属于一个南亚的____________(少数)族群;周日他们让我____________(品尝)了三个厨房的菜肴。
屋外的城市____________(充满活力的)而嘈杂,与安静餐厅之间的____________(反差)令人难忘;三种语言在同一个房间里____________(和谐)共处。
他们温和的____________(待人方式)、那把____________(雅致的)旧茶壶与悠长的家族故事,让我懂得了究竟是什么在____________(维系)着一个多元文化的国家。
你的复述:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
【自我检测答案】
填空答案:territory; distinct; urban; ancestors; minority; sample; dynamic; contrast; harmony; manner; elegant; sustains
复述模板参考版本:
Canada is a country with a huge territory, and each part of it feels distinct, so most people choose to live in urban areas close to the southern border. In my Toronto host family the grandmother's ancestors were farmers in Ukraine, the father belongs to a small minority group from South Asia, and on Sunday they let me sample dishes from all three kitchens at one long table. The city outside was dynamic and noisy, and the contrast with their quiet dining room was hard to believe, yet three languages lived in that room in harmony. Their gentle manner, their elegant old teapot and their long family stories all helped me understand what really sustains a multicultural country.
$专题01【语境串考点】第一单元备考学案(译林版2019)
高考高频知识点:territory / distinct / urban / ancestor / minority / sample / dynamic / contrast / harmony / manner / elegant / sustain
(知识点来源:选择性必修三 Unit 1 · Wish you were here + 高考高频知识点)
学校:____________________ 姓名:____________________ 班级:__________ 座号:__________
目录
Part 1 语境串记语篇 1
【英文语篇】 1
【中文译文】 1
Part 2 知识点列表 2
Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 2
Part 4 词性变化总表 9
Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 10
【练习题】 10
Part 6 知识点默写:根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 11
【练习题】 11
Part 7 关联阅读 11
Part 8 复现知识点 — 英译汉 12
Part 9 写作运用 — 词汇升级 12
Part 10 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 13
Part 1 语境串记语篇
【英文语篇】
Canada is a country with a huge territory, and each part of it feels distinct. In the west there are high mountains and deep valleys; in the east there are small fishing towns beside a cold grey sea. Most people live in urban areas close to the southern border, yet the land behind their cities is still wild and quiet.
My host family in Toronto came from three places. The grandmother's ancestors were farmers in Ukraine; the father belongs to a small minority group from South Asia; the mother grew up in a First Nations community. On Sunday they let me sample dishes from all three kitchens at one long table. The city outside was dynamic and noisy, and the contrast with their quiet dining room was hard to believe. Three languages lived in that room in harmony. Their gentle manner, their elegant old teapot and their long family stories all helped me understand what really sustains a multicultural country.
【中文译文】
加拿大是一个拥有辽阔(territory)国土的国家,而它的每一片土地给人的感觉都(distinct)截然不同。西部是高山与深谷,东部则是灰冷海边的小渔镇。大多数人住在靠近南部边境的(urban)城市地区,可他们城市背后的土地依旧荒野而安静。
我在多伦多的寄宿家庭来自三个地方。祖母的(ancestor)祖先是乌克兰的农民;父亲属于一个来自南亚的(minority)少数族群;母亲则在原住民社区长大。周日他们让我在一张长桌上(sample)品尝了三个厨房里的菜肴。屋外的城市(dynamic)充满活力又嘈杂,与他们安静的餐厅形成的(contrast)反差让人难以置信。三种语言在那个房间里(harmony)和谐共处。他们温和的(manner)待人方式、那把(elegant)雅致的旧茶壶,还有他们悠长的家族故事,都让我明白了究竟是什么在真正(sustain)维系着一个多元文化的国家。
💡 语境串联记忆线索:辽阔国土→各地迥异→城市聚居→追溯祖先→少数族群→品尝美食→城市活力→静闹反差→和谐共处→待人方式→雅致器物→维系国家
记忆链:territory → distinct → urban → ancestor → minority → sample → dynamic → contrast → harmony → manner → elegant → sustain
Part 2 知识点列表
序号
知识点
音标
词性 + 释义 + 高考考点
1
territory
/ˈterətri/
n. 领土;领地;地域;(知识/活动的)领域 ⚡考点:a vast territory 辽阔的领土;uncharted territory 未知领域;come with the territory 是…的必然结果;territorial adj. 领土的
2
distinct
/dɪˈstɪŋkt/
adj. 截然不同的;清晰的;明显的 ⚡考点:be distinct from 与…截然不同;a distinct advantage 明显优势;distinctly adv. 明显地;辨析distinct/distinctive
3
urban
/ˈɜːbən/
adj. 城市的;都市的 ⚡考点:urban areas 城市地区;urban life 都市生活;urbanization n. 城市化;反义rural 乡村的;suburban 郊区的
4
ancestor
/ˈænsestə(r)/
n. 祖先;祖宗;(事物的)原型 ⚡考点:our ancestors 我们的祖先;ancestral home 祖屋;ancestry n. 血统;反义descendant 后代
5
minority
/maɪˈnɒrəti/
n. 少数;少数派;少数民族 ⚡考点:a minority of + 复数名词(谓语用复数);ethnic minorities 少数民族;be in the minority 占少数;反义majority
6
sample
/ˈsɑːmpl/
n. 样品;样本 vt. 品尝;体验;抽样检查 ⚡考点:a free sample 免费样品;sample the local food 品尝当地美食;a random sample 随机样本;sampling n. 抽样
7
dynamic
/daɪˈnæmɪk/
adj. 充满活力的;动态的 n. 动力;(pl.)动力学;互动关系 ⚡考点:a dynamic city 充满活力的城市;dynamism n. 活力;group dynamics 群体互动;dynamically adv.
8
contrast
n./ˈkɒntrɑːst/ v./kənˈtrɑːst/
n. 对比;反差 v. 对比;形成对照 ⚡考点:in contrast to/with 与…形成对比;by contrast 相比之下;contrast A with B;名动重音不同
9
harmony
/ˈhɑːməni/
n. 和谐;融洽;协调;和声 ⚡考点:live in harmony with 与…和谐相处;in harmony with 与…协调一致;harmonious adj. 和谐的;harmonize v. 使协调
10
manner
/ˈmænə(r)/
n. 方式;举止;态度 (manners) 礼貌;礼仪 ⚡考点:in a … manner 以…的方式;table manners 餐桌礼仪;It is bad manners to do sth. 做…没礼貌
11
elegant
/ˈelɪɡənt/
adj. 优雅的;雅致的;(方法)简洁巧妙的 ⚡考点:an elegant dress 雅致的裙装;an elegant solution 巧妙的方案;elegance n. 优雅;elegantly adv.
12
sustain
/səˈsteɪn/
vt. 维持;供养;支撑;遭受(伤害) ⚡考点:sustain life 维持生命;sustainable development 可持续发展;sustain an injury 受伤;sustainability n.
Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点
1. territory /ˈterətri/ n. 领土;领地;地域;(知识、活动的)领域
【核心考点】 territory是地理与文化类语篇的高频名词,介绍国家、民族与旅游话题时几乎必用。常用搭配a vast/huge territory(辽阔的领土)、Chinese territory(中国领土)、enter enemy territory(进入敌方地界)、be new/unknown territory to sb.(对某人来说是全新领域)、uncharted territory(未知领域)、come with the territory(是某职位或处境不可避免的一部分)。形容词territorial adj.(领土的;有地盘意识的)→ territorial waters(领海)、territorial disputes(领土争端)。辨析:territory(受某国或某群体控制的大片土地,也可抽象指知识领域)vs land(土地,最普通)vs region(地区,按地理或行政划分)vs area(区域,范围最泛)vs field(学术或专业领域)。加拿大话题中"国土面积世界第二"必写a vast territory。
【词根联想】 拉丁语terra"土地"+ -ory"场所;范围"→ 一片属于某方的土地→ 领土;地域。联想:terr"土地"→ terrace(露台;梯田)、terrain(地形)、territory(领土)、Mediterranean(地中海→在陆地中间)、extraterrestrial(外星的→地球之外的)。
【熟词生义】 熟词生义:territory n. (知识、经验、活动的)领域;范围。熟义"领土"之外,territory常抽象指某人熟悉或陌生的领域,如That subject is unknown territory to me(那门学科对我来说是全然陌生的领域)、Long working hours come with the territory(长时间工作是这份职业免不了的)。此义在议论文与人物访谈类阅读中高频出现。
【经典原句】
(经典原句)"Canada has the second largest territory in the world, yet most of its people live within a few hundred kilometres of the southern border."(加拿大拥有世界第二大的国土面积,但它的绝大多数人口都居住在距南部边境数百公里以内的地带。)(经典原句·territory 领土;国土)
【搭配词块】 a vast territory 辽阔的领土 / uncharted territory 未知领域 / come with the territory 是…的必然部分 / territorial adj. 领土的
2. distinct /dɪˈstɪŋkt/ adj. 截然不同的;清晰的;明显的;不容置疑的
【核心考点】 distinct是高考阅读与写作的高频形容词,多元文化话题尤其常见。核心搭配be distinct from(与…截然不同)、three distinct groups(三个截然不同的群体)、a distinct advantage(明显的优势)、a distinct impression(清晰的印象)、a distinct possibility(很有可能的事)。副词distinctly adv.(清楚地;明显地)→ distinctly modern(十足现代的)、remember distinctly(记得很清楚);名词distinction n.(区别;卓越)→ make a distinction between;distinctive adj.(独特的;有辨识度的)。辨析:distinct(强调彼此界限分明、清晰可辨)vs distinctive(强调有特色、能用来识别,如a distinctive accent)vs different(最普通的"不同")vs unique(独一无二的)。写"各民族文化各具特色"用distinct cultures最贴切。
【词根联想】 dis-(分开,apart)+ stinguere(拉丁语"刺;做记号")→ 用刺点分别做上标记→ 界限分明的→ 截然不同的。联想:sting/stinct"刺"→ sting(叮咬)、distinct(截然不同的)、instinct(本能→内心被刺激的驱动)、extinct(灭绝的→火被刺灭)、distinguish(区分)。
【熟词生义】 熟词生义:distinct adj. 明显的;不容置疑的(用于加强语气)。熟义"截然不同的"之外,distinct常表示"确凿无疑、显而易见",如a distinct possibility(很有可能发生的事)、a distinct improvement(明显的改进)、a distinct smell of smoke(一股很明显的烟味)。此义多出现在议论文与说明文中。
【真题原句】
(2022·新课标Ⅱ卷·阅读C·distinctly修饰modern)"So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to an old approach: They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving."(因此,为了改变这样一种十足现代的行为,立法者与公共卫生专家正重拾一种老办法:他们希望像对待酒后驾驶那样对待分心驾驶。)(真题原句·distinct 明显的;十足的)
【搭配词块】 be distinct from 与…截然不同 / a distinct advantage 明显优势 / distinctly adv. 明显地 / distinction n. 区别
3. urban /ˈɜːbən/ adj. 城市的;都市的;城镇的
【核心考点】 urban是城市化与环境话题的核心形容词,近年新高考阅读几乎年年出现。常见搭配urban areas(城市地区)、urban life(都市生活)、urban development/planning(城市发展/规划)、urban population(城市人口)、the urban poor(城市贫困人口)。名词urbanization n.(城市化);动词urbanize v.(使城市化);相关词suburban adj.(郊区的)、suburb n.(郊区)、rural adj.(乡村的,urban的反义词)、urbanite n.(城里人)。辨析:urban(城市的,与rural相对,语体较正式)vs city(名词作定语,如city centre)vs metropolitan(大都市的,指大城市及其周边)vs municipal(市政的,指政府管理)。写"城市地区难以亲近自然"就是access to nature in urban areas。
【词根联想】 拉丁语urbs"城市"+ -an"…的"→ 城市的。联想:urb"城市"→ urban(城市的)、suburb(郊区→sub在旁边+ urb城市)、suburban(郊区的)、urbanize(使城市化)、urbane(彬彬有礼的→城里人式的教养)。
【真题原句】
(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷·阅读D·urban areas表"城市地区")"As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find."(随着城市急剧扩张,生活在城市地区的人们越来越难以接近大自然。)(真题原句·urban 城市的)
【搭配词块】 urban areas 城市地区 / urban life 都市生活 / urbanization n. 城市化 / rural adj. 乡村的(反义)
4. ancestor /ˈænsestə(r)/ n. 祖先;祖宗;(动植物的)原种;(事物的)原型
【核心考点】 ancestor是家族史与移民文化话题的关键名词,读后续写与阅读理解常见。常用搭配our ancestors(我们的祖先)、distant ancestors(远祖)、trace one's ancestors back to(把祖先追溯到…)、be descended from(是…的后裔)。形容词ancestral adj.(祖先的;祖传的)→ ancestral home(祖屋;老家)、ancestral land(祖辈的土地);名词ancestry n.(血统;世系)→ of Chinese ancestry(华裔)。反义词descendant n.(后代;子孙)。辨析:ancestor(正式,指几代以前的先人,可用于生物学的"原种")vs forefather(较文学化,多用复数,带敬意)vs predecessor(前任;前身,指职位或事物)vs relative(亲戚,泛指)。写移民家庭史必用one's ancestors came from…。
【词根联想】 an-/ante-(在前,before)+ cess/ced(拉丁语cedere"走")+ -or(人)→ 走在前面的人→ 祖先。联想:ced/cess"走"→ precede(先行)、proceed(继续前进)、access(进入;通道)、exceed(超过→走出界)、ancestor(祖先)。
【熟词生义】 熟词生义:ancestor n. (机器、事物的)原型;前身。熟义"祖先"之外,ancestor可指某事物的早期形态,如The ancestor of the modern bicycle had no pedals(现代自行车的原型没有脚踏板)、the ancestor of today's computer(今日计算机的前身)。此义在科技史类说明文中较常见。
【经典原句】
(经典原句)"Her ancestors crossed the Atlantic in 1885 and helped to build the railway that now runs across the whole country."(她的祖先在1885年横渡大西洋,参与修建了如今贯穿整个国家的铁路。)(经典原句·ancestor 祖先)
【搭配词块】 our ancestors 我们的祖先 / ancestral home 祖屋 / ancestry n. 血统 / descendant n. 后代(反义)
5. minority /maɪˈnɒrəti/ n. 少数;少数派;少数民族 adj. 少数民族的
【核心考点】 minority是多元文化与社会话题的核心名词,也是语法填空主谓一致的常考点。用法要点:a minority of + 复数名词,谓语通常用复数,如A minority of students prefer online classes;be in the minority(占少数);a small/tiny minority(极少数);ethnic minorities(少数民族);minority language/culture(少数民族语言/文化)。反义词majority n.(多数)→ the majority of、be in the majority。形容词minor adj.(较小的;次要的)→ a minor problem;动词与名词minor(辅修)。辨析:minority(数量上占少数的一部分人或群体)vs few(少数,作形容词或代词)vs handful(少数几个,口语化)vs part(部分,最泛)。加拿大话题写"少数族裔社区"就是minority communities。
【词根联想】 minor"较小的;较少的"(拉丁语minor"更小")+ -ity(名词后缀,表状态)→ 处于较小数量的状态→ 少数。联想:min"小"→ minor(较小的)、minimum(最小值)、minimize(使最小化)、diminish(减少)、minority(少数)。
【熟词生义】 熟词生义:minority adj. 少数民族的;少数派的。熟义作名词"少数"之外,minority可直接作定语形容词,如minority groups(少数群体)、minority languages(少数民族语言)、a minority view(少数派观点)。此义在社会文化类阅读与图表作文中很实用。
【经典原句】
(经典原句)"Only a small minority of the families in that village still speak the language of their grandparents."(那个村子里只有极少数家庭还在讲他们祖辈的语言。)(经典原句·minority 少数)
【搭配词块】 a minority of 少数… / ethnic minorities 少数民族 / be in the minority 占少数 / majority n. 多数(反义)
6. sample /ˈsɑːmpl/ n. 样品;样本;试用装 vt. 品尝;体验;抽样检查
【核心考点】 sample兼有名词"样本"与动词"品尝、体验"两大义项,旅游与科研两类语篇都高频。作名词:a free sample(免费试用装)、a sample of blood/soil(血样/土样)、a random sample(随机样本)、a representative sample(有代表性的样本)。作动词:sample the local food/cuisine(品尝当地美食)、sample local life(体验当地生活)、sample a new dish(尝一道新菜)。名词sampling n.(抽样;取样)→ random sampling(随机抽样)。辨析:sample(作动词时强调"少量地尝试、体验",旅游语境首选)vs taste(尝味道,最普通)vs try(试一试,最泛)vs experience(亲身经历,范围更大)。写旅游攻略"品尝地道美食"用sample the local cuisine比eat高级得多。
【词根联想】 源自古法语essample/拉丁语exemplum"取出来的一份,样品"(ex-取出+ emere拿),词首音节脱落后成为sample。联想:sample与example同源→ example(例子)、exemplify(举例说明)、exemplary(模范的)、sample(样品→取出来的一小份)。
【熟词生义】 熟词生义:sample vt. 品尝;体验(少量地试)。熟义名词"样品"之外,sample作动词在旅游与美食类语篇中极为高频,如sample the local cuisine(品尝当地菜肴)、sample the nightlife of the city(体验这座城市的夜生活)。这是本单元旅游话题的写作亮点词。
【经典原句】
(经典原句)"Visitors to the market are welcome to sample the local cheese and maple syrup before they buy anything."(来市场的游客在购买之前,都可以先品尝当地的奶酪与枫糖浆。)(经典原句·sample 品尝)
【搭配词块】 a free sample 免费样品 / sample the local food 品尝当地美食 / a random sample 随机样本 / sampling n. 抽样
7. dynamic /daɪˈnæmɪk/ adj. 充满活力的;动态的;有生气的 n. 动力;(pl.)动力学;互动关系
【核心考点】 dynamic是描写城市、经济与人物的高分形容词,写作提分利器。常用搭配a dynamic city/economy(充满活力的城市/经济)、a dynamic personality(有魅力的性格)、a dynamic process(动态过程)、dynamic and complex(充满活力而复杂的)。名词dynamism n.(活力;干劲)→ the drive and dynamism of a young country;dynamics n.(动力学;相互作用)→ group dynamics(群体互动)、family dynamics(家庭关系模式);副词dynamically adv.。辨析:dynamic(强调内在动力使事物不断变化发展,语体正式)vs energetic(精力充沛的,多形容人)vs active(活跃的,最普通)vs lively(活泼的,偏口语)vs vigorous(强健有力的)。描写多伦多、温哥华这类移民城市,a dynamic multicultural city是标准表达。
【词根联想】 希腊语dynamis"力量;能力"+ -ic(形容词后缀)→ 有力量的→ 充满活力的。联想:dyn"力"→ dynamic(充满活力的)、dynamo(发电机)、dynamite(炸药)、dynasty(王朝→掌握权力者的世系)、dynamics(动力学)。
【熟词生义】 熟词生义:dynamics n. (人与人、群体之间的)互动关系;相互作用。熟义"动力学"之外,dynamics在社会科学语篇中常指关系模式,如group dynamics(群体互动)、the dynamics of the family(家庭成员间的互动关系)、power dynamics(权力关系)。此义在心理与社会类阅读中常见。
【真题原句】
(2022·全国甲卷·阅读D·dynamism名词表"活力")"We've got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism of a young country."(我们拥有一个建立在古老文化之上的根基,却又带着一个年轻国家的干劲与活力。)(真题原句·dynamic 活力;充满活力的)
【搭配词块】 a dynamic city 充满活力的城市 / dynamism n. 活力 / group dynamics 群体互动 / dynamically adv. 动态地
8. contrast n./ˈkɒntrɑːst/ v./kənˈtrɑːst/ n. 对比;对照;反差;明显的差异 v. 对比;形成对照
【核心考点】 contrast是阅读理解写作手法题与议论文写作的双高频词,注意名词重音在前、动词重音在后。核心搭配in contrast to/with sth.(与…形成对比,句首常用)、by contrast(相比之下,通常单独作状语)、a sharp/striking/marked contrast(鲜明的对比)、contrast A with B(把A与B加以对比)、contrast with(与…形成对照,不及物)。形容词contrasting adj.(对比鲜明的)→ contrasting views;副词in stark contrast(形成鲜明反差)。辨析:in contrast to(后接名词或动名词,强调两者差异)vs on the contrary(与此相反,用于纠正上文说法)vs compared with(与…相比,可比同也可比异)vs unlike(不像,介词)。这三组极易混淆,是完形与语法填空的常考陷阱。
【词根联想】 contra-(相反,against)+ stare(拉丁语"站立")→ 站在对立的位置上→ 对照;反差。联想:contra-"反"→ contrary(相反的)、contradict(反驳→反着说)、controversy(争论)、contrast(对比)、counter(对抗)。
【熟词生义】 熟词生义:contrast vi. 形成对比(后接with,不及物)。熟义名词"对比"之外,contrast作不及物动词表示"(与…)形成反差",如Her calm voice contrasted sharply with the noise outside(她平静的嗓音与外面的喧闹形成鲜明反差)。此义在读后描写与图表作文中很实用。
【真题原句】
(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷·阅读C·in contrast to表"与…形成对比")"And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, 'off-line' activity."(与我们日益网络化、所获取的信息都被监控和追踪的生活相比,一本纸质书依然提供了一种完全私密的"离线"活动的可能。)(真题原句·contrast 对比)
【搭配词块】 in contrast to 与…形成对比 / by contrast 相比之下 / contrast A with B 把A与B对比 / a sharp contrast 鲜明反差
9. harmony /ˈhɑːməni/ n. 和谐;融洽;协调一致;(音乐)和声
【核心考点】 harmony是人与自然、人与社会两大主题语境的高分名词,写作中用于升华主旨。核心搭配live in harmony (with)(与…和谐相处)、in harmony with nature(与自然和谐共处)、be in harmony with(与…协调一致)、social harmony(社会和谐)、racial harmony(种族融洽);反义in disharmony/out of harmony with(与…不协调)。形容词harmonious adj.(和谐的;悦耳的)→ a harmonious society;动词harmonize v.(使协调;使一致);副词harmoniously adv.。辨析:harmony(多方共存而不冲突,语体庄重,多用于抽象关系)vs peace(和平;平静,侧重无战争无干扰)vs agreement(意见一致,指具体共识)vs balance(平衡,强调力量对等)。多元文化主题句"不同族群和谐共处"就是different groups live in harmony。
【词根联想】 希腊语harmonia"连接;契合;协调"(源自harmos"接合处")→ 各部分严丝合缝地接在一起→ 和谐。联想:harm-"接合"→ harmony(和谐)、harmonious(和谐的)、harmonize(使协调)、harmonica(口琴→多个音调合鸣)。注意与harm(伤害)无词源关系,勿混。
【熟词生义】 熟词生义:harmony n. 和声(音乐术语)。熟义"和谐"之外,harmony在音乐语境中指与主旋律配合的声部,如sing in harmony(用和声演唱)、three-part harmony(三声部和声)。此义在艺术类阅读与听力中偶有出现。
【经典原句】
(经典原句)"For more than a century the two communities have lived side by side in harmony, sharing the same market and the same school."(一个多世纪以来,这两个社区一直毗邻而居、和谐相处,共用同一个市场与同一所学校。)(经典原句·harmony 和谐)
【搭配词块】 live in harmony 和谐相处 / in harmony with 与…协调 / harmonious adj. 和谐的 / harmonize v. 使协调
10. manner /ˈmænə(r)/ n. 方式;方法;举止;态度;(manners) 礼貌;礼仪;风俗
【核心考点】 manner是高考经典"单复数不同义"名词,必须分清。单数manner:①方式、方法→ in this manner(以这种方式)、in a friendly/polite manner(以友好/礼貌的方式)、in a manner of speaking(在某种意义上说);②举止、态度→ He has a gentle manner(他举止温和)。复数manners:礼貌、礼仪→ table manners(餐桌礼仪)、good/bad manners(有/没礼貌)、It is bad manners to speak with your mouth full(嘴里塞满食物说话很不礼貌)、mind your manners(注意礼貌)。形容词mannered adj.(做作的;有…举止的);well-mannered(有礼貌的)。辨析:manner(方式,可与in搭配)vs way(方式,最通用,in a … way)vs method(方法,指系统步骤)vs means(手段,by means of)。跨文化交际话题中manners几乎必考。
【词根联想】 拉丁语manuarius"用手的"(manus"手")→ 用手操作的方式→ 做事方式→ 举止;引申复数为待人接物的规矩→ 礼貌。联想:man/manu"手"→ manual(手册;手工的)、manufacture(制造→用手做)、manage(管理→用手驾驭)、manuscript(手稿)、manner(方式;举止)。
【熟词生义】 熟词生义:manners n. 礼貌;礼仪;风俗(必须用复数)。熟义单数"方式"之外,manner加-s后含义完全改变,指社会公认的行为规范,如table manners(餐桌礼仪)、It is bad manners to point at people(用手指人很不礼貌)、the manners and customs of a country(一国的风俗礼仪)。这是高考名词辨析的经典考点。
【经典原句】
(经典原句)"She answered all our clumsy questions in a calm and friendly manner, and her table manners made every guest feel at ease."(她以平静而友善的方式回答了我们所有笨拙的问题,而她的餐桌礼仪让每一位客人都感到自在。)(经典原句·manner 方式;manners 礼仪)
【搭配词块】 in a friendly manner 以友好的方式 / table manners 餐桌礼仪 / It is bad manners to do 做…没礼貌 / well-mannered adj. 有礼貌的
11. elegant /ˈelɪɡənt/ adj. 优雅的;优美的;雅致的;(方法、方案)简洁巧妙的
【核心考点】 elegant是描写人、物与场景的高级形容词,读后续写与说明文都能提分。常用搭配an elegant dress/lady(雅致的裙装/优雅的女士)、an elegant building/room(雅致的建筑/房间)、elegant handwriting(漂亮的字迹)、an elegant solution(巧妙的解决方案)。名词elegance n.(优雅;雅致)→ with elegance;副词elegantly adv.(优雅地)→ elegantly dressed;反义inelegant adj.(不雅的)。辨析:elegant(优雅精致,含品位与分寸感,可修饰人、物、方案)vs graceful(动作、体态优美,多形容举止)vs delicate(精致纤巧,也指易碎、微妙)vs splendid(壮丽气派,规模宏大)vs magnificent(宏伟壮观)。描写旧物、老建筑与得体举止时,elegant比beautiful更有质感。
【词根联想】 拉丁语elegans"精心挑选的;有品位的"(e-/ex-"出"+ leg"挑选")→ 挑选得当而显出品位→ 优雅的。联想:leg/lect"选;读"→ select(挑选)、collect(收集)、elect(选举)、intelligent(聪明的→善于在其中挑选)、elegant(优雅的)。
【熟词生义】 熟词生义:elegant adj. (方法、论证、方案)简洁而巧妙的。熟义"优雅的"之外,elegant在科技与学术语篇中形容解决方案的精妙简洁,如an elegant solution to a difficult problem(对一个难题的巧妙解法)、an elegant proof(一个简洁漂亮的证明)。此义在科普类阅读中常见。
【真题原句】
(2022·全国甲卷·阅读D·elegant表"优雅的")"Catamarans are faster, but they're not so elegant, and they're not fun to pilot."(双体船更快,但它们没那么优雅,驾驶起来也不有趣。)(真题原句·elegant 优雅的)
【搭配词块】 an elegant dress 雅致的裙装 / elegance n. 优雅 / an elegant solution 巧妙的方案 / elegantly adv. 优雅地
12. sustain /səˈsteɪn/ vt. 维持;使持续;供养;支撑;遭受(伤害、损失)
【核心考点】 sustain及其派生词sustainable是环保与发展类语篇的顶级高频词。常用搭配sustain life(维持生命)、sustain interest/growth(保持兴趣/增长)、sustain a family(养活一家人)、sustain the weight of(支撑…的重量)、sustain an injury(受伤,正式用语)。形容词sustainable adj.(可持续的)→ sustainable development(可持续发展)、sustainable tourism(可持续旅游);名词sustainability n.(可持续性);形容词sustained adj.(持续的)→ sustained efforts(持续的努力)。辨析:sustain(从下方支撑使之长期不衰,语体正式)vs maintain(保持原状,最通用)vs support(支持;供养,最普通)vs preserve(保存原样,防止损坏)。写旅游业对小镇的意义,Tourism sustains the whole town是地道表达。
【词根联想】 sus-(sub-"在下"的变体)+ tenere(拉丁语"握住;保持")→ 在下面托住不让其倒下→ 支撑;维持。联想:tain/ten"握住"→ maintain(维持→用手保持)、contain(容纳→握在里面)、obtain(获得)、retain(保留)、detain(拘留)、sustain(维持)。
【熟词生义】 熟词生义:sustain vt. 遭受(伤害、损失等)。熟义"维持"之外,sustain在新闻与正式书面语中表示"受到损害",如sustain an injury(受伤)、sustain heavy losses(遭受重大损失)、The building sustained serious damage(这栋楼受损严重)。此义为高考词义辨析的隐性考点。
【真题原句】
(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读A·sustainable表"可持续的")"Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights."(骑自行车是探索这座城市最经济、最可持续也最有趣的方式,你可以看到它美丽的运河、公园、广场和无数灯火。)(真题原句·sustain 维持;sustainable 可持续的)
【搭配词块】 sustain life 维持生命 / sustainable development 可持续发展 / sustain an injury 受伤 / sustainability n. 可持续性
Part 4 词性变化总表
原词
派生词1
派生词2
派生词3
核心搭配
territory
territories (n.pl.)
territorial (adj.)
---
a vast territory / territorial waters
distinct
distinctly (adv.)
distinction (n.)
distinctive (adj.)
be distinct from / a distinct advantage
urban
urbanize (v.)
urbanization (n.)
suburban (adj.)
urban areas / urban life
ancestor
ancestors (n.pl.)
ancestral (adj.)
ancestry (n.)
our ancestors / ancestral home
minority
minorities (n.pl.)
minor (adj.)
majority (n.)
a minority of / ethnic minorities
sample
samples (n.pl.)
sampled (v.)
sampling (n.)
a free sample / sample the local food
dynamic
dynamism (n.)
dynamics (n.)
dynamically (adv.)
a dynamic city / group dynamics
contrast
contrasting (adj.)
contrasted (v.)
contrastive (adj.)
in contrast to / by contrast
harmony
harmonious (adj.)
harmonize (v.)
harmoniously (adv.)
live in harmony / in harmony with
manner
manners (n.pl.)
mannered (adj.)
well-mannered (adj.)
in a … manner / table manners
elegant
elegance (n.)
elegantly (adv.)
inelegant (adj.)
an elegant dress / an elegant solution
sustain
sustainable (adj.)
sustainability (n.)
sustained (adj.)
sustain life / sustainable development
Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空
【练习题】
1.(2023新课标Ⅱ卷·阅读D·改编)Access to nature for people living in ____________ (urbanize) areas is becoming harder to find as cities balloon with growth.
2.(2023新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读A·改编)Cycling is the most economical, ____________ (sustain) and fun way to explore the city of Amsterdam.
3.(2022全国甲卷·阅读D·改编)Catamarans are faster, but they are not so ____________ (elegance), and they are not fun to pilot.
4.(2022全国甲卷·阅读D·改编)Australia has a foundation built on ancient cultures but with the drive and ____________ (dynamic) of a young country.
5.(2023新课标Ⅱ卷·阅读C·改编)In ____________ (contrasting) to our increasingly networked lives, a printed book still offers a wholly private activity.
6.(2022新课标Ⅱ卷·阅读C·改编)Lawmakers are reaching back to an old approach in order to change this ____________ (distinct) modern behaviour.
7.(2026山东济南·模拟)Canada covers a huge ____________ (territorial) that stretches all the way from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
8.(2026广东广州·模拟)Her ____________ (ancestral) crossed the Atlantic in 1885 and helped to build the first railway across the country.
9.(2026浙江杭州·模拟)Only a small ____________ (minor) of the families in that fishing village still speak the old language.
10.(2026江苏南京·模拟)Visitors are welcome to ____________ (samples) the local cheese and maple syrup before they buy anything.
11.(2026四川成都·模拟)The two communities have lived side by side in perfect ____________ (harmonious) for more than a century.
12.(2026湖南长沙·模拟)She answered all our clumsy questions in a calm and friendly ____________ (mannered).
13.(2026河北石家庄·模拟)The old lakeside hotel was famous for its ____________ (elegance) dining room and its warm-hearted staff.
14.(2026福建厦门·模拟)Tourism ____________ (sustainable) thousands of families in the small fishing villages along the eastern coast.
15.(2026湖北武汉·模拟)The ____________ (distinctly) flavour of maple syrup makes a Canadian breakfast unforgettable for every visitor.
Part 6 知识点默写:根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇
【练习题】
加拿大是一个拥有辽阔____________(国土)的国家,而它的每一片土地给人的感觉都____________(截然不同的)。大多数人住在靠近南部边境的____________(城市的)地区,可他们城市背后的土地依旧荒野而安静。
我在多伦多的寄宿家庭来自三个地方。祖母的____________(祖先)是乌克兰的农民;父亲属于一个来自南亚的____________(少数)族群;周日他们让我在一张长桌上____________(品尝)了三个厨房里的菜肴。
屋外的城市____________(充满活力的)又嘈杂,与他们安静的餐厅形成的____________(反差)让人难以置信;三种语言在那个房间里____________(和谐)共处。他们温和的____________(待人方式)、那把____________(雅致的)旧茶壶,都让我明白了究竟是什么在真正____________(维系)着一个多元文化的国家。
Part 7 关联阅读
Last summer I spent six weeks in Canada on a student exchange programme. Before I left home, I imagined a country of snow, forests and hockey. What I found instead was a place whose enormous territory holds a dozen small worlds, and every one of them is distinct. From the plane I watched wheat fields turn into lakes, and lakes turn into bare grey rock, for four whole hours.
I stayed with the Chens in Vancouver, a busy urban family of five. Mrs Chen's ancestors had left southern China in the 1880s to work on the railway, while Mr Chen belonged to a small minority community from Eastern Europe. Their neighbours were Somali, Punjabi and Cree. On my first Saturday they took me to a street market where I could sample food from nine countries in one afternoon. Nothing there felt like a museum. The market was loud, crowded and dynamic, and the contrast with the silent forest we had walked through that morning could not have been greater.
What surprised me most, however, was not the food but the manner in which people spoke to strangers. Nobody ever asked me where I was really from. One evening Mrs Chen took an elegant wooden box down from a high shelf and opened it for me. It had crossed the Pacific with her great-grandfather. "We keep it," she said quietly, "so that the children never forget that this family did not begin here." I thought of my own grandmother at once, and I understood her better than I ever had at home.
Of course, harmony is not automatic. Mr Chen told me that some communities still live side by side for years without ever meeting, and that good jobs and cheap housing are far from equally shared. What sustains the country, he believed, is a daily habit rather than a law: the habit of assuming that the person standing next to you has a story worth listening to. I came home with photographs of mountains, but the memory I kept was of a crowded table where five languages were spoken and nobody was ever asked to choose only one.
1. What did the author expect Canada to be like before the trip?
A. A land of snow, forests and hockey.
B. A country covered with endless wheat fields.
C. A place full of small fishing towns by the sea.
D. A nation of quiet villages high in the mountains.
2. What impression did the street market leave on the author?
A. It sold mainly the food of one single country.
B. It had clearly been designed for foreign tourists.
C. It felt lively and real rather than like a museum.
D. It was too crowded for visitors to enjoy anything.
3. Why does Mrs Chen keep the wooden box?
A. Because it is now worth a large sum of money.
B. Because it reminds her children of their origins.
C. Because it was a gift from her new neighbours.
D. Because it is the only thing left of her old house.
4. What does Mr Chen think really holds the country together?
A. Strict laws about housing and equal pay.
B. The wide use of one common national language.
C. Regular official meetings between communities.
D. An everyday willingness to listen to other people.
📖 本语篇覆盖的目标词汇:territory, distinct, urban, ancestor, minority, sample, dynamic, contrast, harmony, manner, elegant, sustain
Part 8 复现知识点 — 英译汉
请根据英文写出对应汉语释义:
乐思英语 ·高考高频知识点
1
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
1. territory — __________
2. distinct — __________
3. urban — __________
4. ancestor — __________
5. minority — __________
6. sample — __________
7. dynamic — __________
8. contrast — __________
9. harmony — __________
10. manner — __________
11. elegant — __________
12. sustain — __________
13. distinctive — __________
14. urbanization — __________
15. ancestral — __________
16. harmonious — __________
17. elegance — __________
18. sustainable — __________
19. in contrast to — __________
20. table manners — __________
Part 9 写作运用 — 词汇升级
同义转换:用本专题词汇替换下面句中的普通词,提升写作表达:
1. Canada has a very large area of land that stretches from one ocean to the other.
→ Canada has a very large ____________ that stretches from one ocean to the other.
2. The culture of each province is completely different from that of its close neighbours.
→ The culture of each province is quite ____________ from that of its close neighbours.
3. Most Canadians live in city areas that lie fairly close to the southern border.
→ Most Canadians live in ____________ areas that lie fairly close to the southern border.
4. Her family members from long ago came to this country by ship in 1885.
→ Her ____________ came to this country by ship in 1885.
5. Only a small number of the people in that old town still speak the language.
→ Only a small ____________ of the people in that old town still speak the language.
6. Visitors are welcome to taste a little of the local cheese before they buy it.
→ Visitors are welcome to ____________ the local cheese before they buy it.
7. Vancouver is a lively city that never seems to stop growing and changing.
→ Vancouver is a ____________ city that never seems to stop growing and changing.
8. The difference between the noisy market and the silent forest was really great.
→ The ____________ between the noisy market and the silent forest was really great.
9. People of many backgrounds have lived together peacefully in this street for years.
→ People of many backgrounds have lived together in ____________ in this street for years.
10. She answered all our clumsy questions in a calm and friendly way.
→ She answered all our clumsy questions in a calm and friendly ____________.
11. The old lakeside hotel is famous for its beautiful and graceful dining room.
→ The old lakeside hotel is famous for its ____________ dining room.
12. Tourism keeps thousands of families going in the small fishing villages.
→ Tourism ____________ thousands of families in the small fishing villages.
Part 10 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测
遮挡提示,尝试用12个目标词复述下面这条记忆链:
记忆链:territory → distinct → urban → ancestor → minority → sample → dynamic → contrast → harmony → manner → elegant → sustain
复述模板(填空):
加拿大拥有辽阔的____________(国土),每一片土地都____________(截然不同的),大多数人住在南部边境附近的____________(城市的)地区。
我寄宿家庭的祖母,其____________(祖先)来自乌克兰;父亲属于一个南亚的____________(少数)族群;周日他们让我____________(品尝)了三个厨房的菜肴。
屋外的城市____________(充满活力的)而嘈杂,与安静餐厅之间的____________(反差)令人难忘;三种语言在同一个房间里____________(和谐)共处。
他们温和的____________(待人方式)、那把____________(雅致的)旧茶壶与悠长的家族故事,让我懂得了究竟是什么在____________(维系)着一个多元文化的国家。
你的复述:
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