串讲02过去完成时，过去进行时，过去完成时的被动语态（课件） - 2023-2024学年高二英语下学期期末考点大串讲（译林版2020）

新牛津译林版高中英语 选择性必修二 Unit1-Unit2 Grammar and usage Grammar 1 过去完成时 Past perfect tense Road to Grammar ① She had learned some English before she came to the institute. 她在来学院前已学过一些英语。 ② He said that he had been abroad for 3 years. 他说他在国外待了3年了。 1 定义 过去完成时主要用来表示在过去之前发生的事或做的动作，即过去的过去，通常与一般过去时连用。 肯定式为__________________； 否定式为__________________； 被动式为__________________。 ① She said she had never been to Paris.  她说她从未去过巴黎。 ② I didn’t know the way to John’s house because I hadn’t been there before. 我不知道去约翰家的路，因为我之前没去过。 ③ The work had been finished by us before last Friday. 我们在上星期五前就完成了这项工作。 had done had not done had been done 过去完成时的基本结构 2 过去完成时的基本用法 1. 表示在过去的某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态。 ① Before we got to the train station, the train had already left. 我们到达火车站之前，火车就已经离开了。 ② Before I could say “thank you”, he had run away. 我还没来得及说“谢谢”，他就跑开了。 3 2. 表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一个时间的动作，常用的时间状语有by then, by the end of, by the time。 ① By the end of last term, we had learnt 2,000 English words. 到上学期期末为止，我们已经学习了2,000个英语单词了。 ② They had lived there for ten years by then. 到那时为止，他们已经在那住了10年了。 3. 表示愿望、打算等的动词，如hope, want, expect, think, mean, suppose, intend, plan等后接从句时，一般用过去完成时表示本打算实现而未实现的愿望和计划。 ① I had intended to meet him at the airport, but I had an important meeting to attend. 我本打算去机场接他，但是我有个重要的会议要参加。 ② I had hoped to take a holiday this year but I was not able to get away. 我原打算今年去度假，可是我走不开。 (1) It/That was+ the first/ second…+ time+ that从句，从句谓语常用过去完成时。 It was the first time that I had visited the Great Wall. 这是我第一次参观长城。 (2) It was+一段时间+since从句，从句谓语用过去完成时。 It was three years since he had joined the army. 他参军三年了。 过去完成时用于一些固定句型 3 (3) 在句型Hardly/Scarcely…when…和 No sooner…than…中，主句常用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时，表示“一……就……”。 ① Hardly had he got into his big office when the telephone rang. 他刚进入他的大办公室,电话铃就响了。 ② No sooner had he arrived than he was asked to leave again. 他刚到就再次被要求离开。 ① John (had) left before I came home. 约翰在我回家之前就走了。 ② He began to write a review after he (had) watched the film twice. 这部电影他看了两遍后就开始写评论。 由于after和before本身就能明确地表示时间的先后关系，故有时主从句均使用一般过去时。如果时间状语由 before 引导，主句可用一般过去时代替过去完成时；如果时间状语由after 引导，after 引导的从句可用一般过去时代替过去完成时。 Future Now Past expected/happened was 现在 过去的过去 过去完成时VS一般过去时 时间轴 过去完成时VS一般过去时 总结 一般过去时 过去完成时 定义 只表示过去的动作和事情 过去的过去 时间状语 某一特定的时间： yesterday/ in the past/ just now/ ago/in 1998 by the time/ before＋过去的时间点/ already/ yet/ by the end of 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用and或but连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时 另外，在before , after , as soon as引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。 注： Grammar 2 过去进行时的被动语态 Past Continuous Passive Road to Grammar 定义：表示过去某个时刻正在进行或发生的被动性的动作。 基本结构：was/were + being + done Past Continuous Passive 过去进行时的被动语态 They were planting trees at this time yesterday. Trees were being planted by them at this time yesterday. 1 基本结构 eg: Another bridge was being built over the Yangtze River then. 那时长江上正在建造另一座大桥。 肯定形式：was/were＋being＋过去分词 否定形式: was/were＋not＋being＋过去分词 eg: The movie star wasn’t being stalked by a fan. 那个电影明星没有被影迷跟踪。 2 过去进行时的被动语态的基本句型 eg: Was a new library being put up in their school just then? 他们学校当时正在建一座新图书馆吗？ 一般疑问形式: Was/Were＋主语＋being＋过去分词？ 特殊疑问形式: 特殊疑问词＋was/were＋主语＋being＋过去分词？ eg: What was being done to the machine then? 那时正对这台机器采取什么措施？ 2 过去进行时的被动语态的基本句型 He was being interviewed by our head master at that moment. 那时他正在接受我们校长的面试。 表示过去正在进行的被动动作。 The watch was being repaired. （那时）正在修理这只表。 The watch had been repaired twice. 这只表已被修过两次。 过去进行时的被动语态一般不与表示一段时间的状语或表示次数的状语连用，这时需要用完成时态的被动语态。 3 过去进行时的被动语态的用法 过去进行时的被动语态 过去进行时 被动语态 过去进行时的被动语态 + = 主语+were/was +doing 主+be+done 主语+ was/were + being+done be+doing→being + = Grammar 3 过去完成时的被动语态 Past Perfect Passive Road to Grammar Past Perfect Passive 过去完成时的被动语态 主动语态：had + 过去分词 We had finished learning Book1 till last week. Book1 had been finished learning (by us ) till last week. 被动语态：had been + 过去分词 1 基本结构 （1）用在 told, said, knew, thought 等动词后的宾语从句中， 表示宾语从句中的动作已被做完。例： 他说那些书已经卖完了。 He said that the books had already been sold out. 那个男孩被提醒他的家庭作业还没交。 The boy was reminded that his homework had not been handed in. 2 过去完成时的被动语态的常见用法 到去年年底，已经建成了120座桥。 By the end of last year, 120 bridges had been built. （2）当 before, when, by the time, until 等引导的时间状语从句的谓语是一般过去时，以及 by, before 后面接过去的时间时，主句的动作发生在从句的动作或过去的时间之前且表示被动时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。例： 2 过去完成时的被动语态的常见用法 （3）在 It was the first /second / … time that… 从句中， 主语是动作的承受者时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。 例： 这是他的自行车第二次被偷。 It was the second time that his bike had been stolen. 这幅画是第一次向公众展出。 It was the first time that the painting had been displayed to the public. 2 过去完成时的被动语态的常见用法 （4）在虚拟语气中，条件句表示与过去的事实相反，且主语是动作的承受者时，要用过去完成时的被动语 态。例： 如果早一点邀请我，我就和你一起去了。 If I had been invited earlier, I would have gone with you. 2 过去完成时的被动语态的常见用法 过去完成时的被动语态 过去完成时 被动语态 过去完成时的被动语态 + = 主语+had done 主+be+done 主语+ had+ been+done be+done→been + = 1. He said this book ____ ____ ________ into Japanese and it was worth reading.他说这本书已被译成日语，值得一读。 2. How many English songs ___ ___ _______by the end of last term? 到上学期末你们学了几首英文歌? 3. The children ___ _____ asleep before the performance ended. 演出还没有结束, 孩子们就睡着了。 4. He was amazed at the great changes that ___ _____ ______ in his hometown.他对他家乡发生的巨变感到十分惊讶。 5. The vegetables didn’t taste very good. They ___ ____ _______ too long. 这些蔬菜尝起来不太好吃。煮的时间太长了。 had been translated had you learnt had fallen had taken place had been cooked 过去完成时态与一般过去时态对比填空练习： 1. By the time I got home, my son ( finish ) his homework. 1. I  _______________  ( finish ) my homework when my father got home yesterday.  2. I  ___________ ( finish ) my homework at 10 last night.  3. The film  __________  ( begin ) when I got to the cinema.  4. The film  ______________ ( be ) on for 10 minutes when I got to the cinema.  5. My brother  ______________  ( study ) in this school for three years before he joined the army.  6. He locked the door after he  __________  ( clean ) the classroom.  had finished finished had begun had been had studied had cleaned had finished 单句填空： 1. The project won a prize at China Thinks Big, a competition _________(hold) by Harvard and Tsinghua University to encourage teenagers to explore important global issues and focus on solutions. 2. Cygnus arrived at the International Space Station on February 21,2022, _____________(carry) a large load of supplies and scientific experiments. 3. Although I had money and a place_________(sleep),I recognized that I needed help too. 4.It didn't take long for us ____________(realize) the full depth of her suffering. carrying to sleep to realize held 单句填空： 5. During the Qin Dynasty, to keep the enemy out of his empire, Qin Shi Huang had all the walls___________(join) up. 6. First___________ (create) by the U.S. agriculturalist Sterling Morton in 1872, Tree-planting Day was set in order to inspire people's passions for planting and protecting trees. 7.I was walking alone on the beach when I heard someone _____________(call) out for help. 8._________(build) over 2,200 years ago in what is now Sichuan Province in Southwest China, this amazing engineering achievement is still being used today. created calling Built joined 1. By about 6000 BC, people _____________ (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise.（2020浙江卷) 2. Instead of getting down to a new task as I _____, he examined the previous work again. (2021江苏卷) A. had expected B. have expected C. would expect D. expect had discovered 直击高考 3. I _______ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn't manage it . (2022天津卷) A. had hoped B. am hoping C. have hoped D. would hope 4. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _______________(trap) in the mountains for two days. (2021北京卷) 5. I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan _____________ ___ (carry out) in the past two years. (2020江苏卷) had been trapped had been carried 直击高考 out $$