第1部分 必修第二册 Unit 4 Exploring literature（Word教参）-【优化指导】2025年高考英语一轮复习高中总复习·第1轮（译林版）

[对应学生用书P72] 分层单词 一、写作词汇——写词形 1．literature n．文学，文学作品 2．shell n．贝壳；壳 3．appeal vi.有吸引力；申诉；呼吁 n．吸引力；申诉；呼吁 4．contain vt.包含，含有，容纳 5．feature n．特色，特征 vt.以……为特色，是……的特征 6．author n．作者，作家 7．therefore adv.因此，所以 8．novel n．(长篇)小说 9．topic n．话题；题目；标题 10．destroy vt.摧毁，毁灭，破坏 11．defeat vt.击败，战胜 n．失败，战败；击败 12．attempt vt.& n．努力，尝试，试图 二、阅读词汇——明词义 1．soul n．灵魂；心性，内心 2．capable adj.有能力，有才能；能力强的 3．awaken vt.& vi.唤起，被唤起；(使)醒来 4．launch vt.使(船)下水；开始从事，发动 5．permanence n．永久，持久性 6．element n．要素，基本部分 7．summary n．总结，概括，概要 8．issue n．重要议题，争论的问题；问题，担忧；(报刊)一期_ vt.宣布，公布 9．upper adj.上部的；上面的 10．gap n．差距；间隙 11．context n．(事情发生的)背景，环境，来龙去脉；上下文，语境 12．specific adj.特定的；明确的，具体的 13．section n．部分，部门；部件，散件 14．turkey n．火鸡；火鸡肉 15．chapter n．章节；篇章 16．poetry n．诗集，诗歌 17．stage n．舞台；阶段；步骤_ vt.上演，举办 18．straighten vt.挺直；(使)变直，变正 19．alongside adv.在……旁边；与……一起 20．noble adj.贵族的，高贵的；崇高的；宏伟的 21．flash n．闪光；闪现_ vt.& vi.(使)闪光；(使)闪现 三、拓展词汇——灵活用 1．devote v．奉献→devotion n．奉献；忠诚→devoted adj.忠诚的 2．significance n．重要性，意义→significant adj.有重要意义的；显著的 3．sense n．感觉，意识→sensitive adj.感觉敏锐的；体贴的；敏感的；灵敏的→sensible adj.有感觉的，明智的 4．reflect vt.& vi.反映，显示；映出(影像)；反射(声、光、热等)；沉思→reflection n．映像；思考；反映 5．universe n．宇宙→universal adj.普遍的，共同的；普遍存在的→universally adv.普遍地 6．particular adj.特别的；格外的；特指的；挑剔的→particularly adv.尤其；特别 7．mean vt.意思是；意味着→means n．方法；手段；工具→meaning n．意义；含义→mean adj.吝啬的，小气的；不善良的，刻薄的→meaningful adj.有意义的→meaningless adj.无意义的 8．extreme adj.极度的→extremely adv.极其，非常，极端 9．determine vt.确定；支配；决心 vi.决心→determined adj.坚决的；有决心的→determination n．决心 10．description n．描述，形容，说明→describe vt.描写；描述→descriptive adj.描述性的 11．transport vt.运输，运送→transportation n．运输，运送；运输工具 12．generous adj.慷慨的，大方的→generosity n．慷慨，大方，宽宏大量 13．accomplish vt.完成→accomplishment n．完成；达到 14．confuse vt.使迷惑；使糊涂→confusing adj.糊涂的，迷惑的；不清楚的，混乱的→confused adj.糊涂的，迷惑的→confusion n．迷惑；困惑 15．collection n．(同类)收藏品；作品集；募捐→collect vt.收集 常用短语 1．in_store_(for_sb.) 即将发生(在某人身上)，等待着(某人) 2．devote_oneself_to 致力，专心，献身 3．ought_to 应该，应当 4．take_on 承担，接受；呈现 5．in_summary 总的来说 6．draw_on 凭借，利用；(时光)渐渐消逝 7．make_the_best_of 充分利用 8．be_capable_of 有能力 9．be_on_the_point_of_doing_sth. 正要做某事 10．in_particular 尤其，特别 11．clear_up (头脑)清醒；使整洁，清理 经典句型 1．教材原句：What amazed the child was not a new world, but the unnoticed music of the old. 句型：what 引导名词性从句 翻译：使孩子感到惊奇的不是一个新的世界，而是被人忽视的旧的音乐世界。 2．教材原句：Behind every book is a man, behind the man is the race, and behind the race are the natural and social environments. 句型：方位介词位于句首引起的倒装 翻译：每一本书的背后是一个人，这个人的背后是某个种族，这个种族的背后是自然和社会环境。 词汇精讲 　appeal vi.有吸引力；申诉；呼吁 n．吸引力；申诉；呼吁 [归纳拓展] ①appeal to sb. 对某人有吸引力；吸引某人 appeal to sb. for sth. 向某人呼吁某事 appeal to sb. to do sth. 呼吁某人做某事 ②make an appeal to sb. for sth. 向某人呼吁某事 make an appeal to sb. to do sth. 呼吁/恳求某人做某事 have no appeal for sb. 对某人没有吸引力 ③appealing adj.有吸引力的 [考点初探]　单句填空 ①(2023·全国甲卷)He makes philosophical thought an appealing(appeal) exercise that improves the quality of our experiences，and he does so with plenty of humor. ②In recent years, our government has been always appealing to everyone to_save(save) water. ③We made an appeal to the villagers for money to build the bridge. [考点进阶]　句式升级 ④The farm is very beautiful and appeals to many tourists. →The farm is_so_beautiful_that_it_appeals_to many tourists. (so ...that ...) →So beautiful is_the_farm_that_it_appeals_to many tourists. (倒装结构) → Being_very_beautiful,_the farm appeals to many tourists. (现在分词作状语) 　determine vt.确定；支配；决心 vi.决心 [归纳拓展] ①be determined to do sth. 决定做某事 determine to do sth. 决定做某事 determine on sth. 决定某事 ②determination n．决心 with determination 坚决地；果断地 ③determined adj.坚定的；坚决的 [考点初探]　单句填空 ①She gave me a determined(determine) look—the kind that said she would not change her mind. ②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)As a special education teacher at the school，I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong determination(determine). ③Geography determines(determine) language evolution. [考点进阶]　完成句子 ④我们决定以我们出色的校友为榜样。 We are_determined_to_follow_the_examples of our excellent schoolmates. ①表示“决定做某事”的表达还有decide to do sth.和make up one's mind to do sth.。 ②determined to do sth.常用来作状语，有类似用法的还有lost in、caught in、absorbed in等。 　significant adj.有重要意义的，显著的 [归纳拓展] ①be of significance to ... 对……有重要意义 attach significance to ... 认为……重要 ②significant adj.重要的；显著的 be significant for ... 对……很重要 It is significant that ... 很明显…… [考点初探]　单句填空 ①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant(significance) number of areas ... ②(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)For instance，the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly(significant) more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. ③The teacher explained the significance(significant) of the themes expressed in the poem with passion. [考点进阶]　句式升级 ④Learning to take responsibility is very significant for a person's growth. →Learning to take responsibility is_of_great_significance to a person's growth. 常用的“be＋of＋抽象名词”短语 ①be of use＝be useful ②be of help＝be helpful ③be of value＝be valuable ④be of significance＝be significant ⑤be of importance＝be important 　reflect vt.& vi.反映，显示；映出(影像)；反射(声、光、热等)；沉思 [归纳拓展] ①reflect sth. 反射(声、光、热等)；表明，表达(事物的属性或人们的态度、情感) reflect on/upon 思考，考虑 reflect that ... 反映…… ②reflection n．反映；映像；反射；沉思 on/upon reflection 经再三考虑，仔细考虑之后 [考点初探]　单句填空 ①As the small boat moved gently along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected(reflect) in the water. ②(2023·全国甲卷)As a musician，it's important to give maximum attention and time to your own reflections(reflect) of your own feelings. ③“I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week，” he said. “It's a chance for self­reflection. You return to work recharged and with a plan.” [考点进阶]　完成句子 ④我终于明白了及时反思我学过的东西至关重要。 Finally, I understood it was vital for me to_reflect_on_what_I_had_learned in time. 　mean adj.吝啬的，小气的；不善良的，刻薄的 [归纳拓展] 　 [考点初探]　单句填空 ①Don't be so mean to your little brother. ②Missing this train means waiting(wait) for another hour. ③I had meant to_come (come) to see you yesterday, but something happened to me. ④Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says “because it means(mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon is constructed.” ⑤(2021·浙江1月卷)The scientists discovered this by following and filming groups of chimps in Uganda, and examining more than 5，000 incidents of these meaningful(mean) exchanges. [考点进阶]　翻译句子 ⑥你的友谊对我来说是很珍贵的。 Your_friendship_means_a_great_deal_to_me. 　attempt vt.& n．努力，尝试，试图 [归纳拓展] ①attempt to do sth. 尝试做某事，试图做某事 ②make an attempt to do/at doing sth. 试图做某事 ③at the first attempt 第一次尝试 [考点初探]　单句填空 ①Their attempt to_swim(swim) across the Yangtze River has to be stopped because they haven't got permission. ②The young man, having made several attempts(attempt) to beat the world record in the high jump, decided to have another try. ③Some students are now busy preparing for the “Independent Recruitment(自主招生)” contest, in hopes of getting a“Pass”card at their first attempt. ④(2023·全国乙卷)I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am_attempting(attempt) to photograph. [考点进阶]　完成句子 ⑤我试图让她相信他是诚实的，但都是徒劳。 I've attempted_to_convince_her_of/made_an_attempt_to_convince_her_of/made_an_attempt _at_convincing_her_of his honesty, but in vain. ⑥经过一系列毫无结果的寻找出路的尝试后，我心灰意冷。 After a_series_of_fruitless_attempts to find a way out, I was disheartened. try/attempt/manage 词汇 用法 try 指努力或试图做某事，但并不知道结果成功与否；可接不定式或动名词 attempt 指尝试或企图做某事，虽然付出了很大努力，但不一定成功，后接名词或不定式 manage 指成功地做成某事，尤指困难的事，manage to do sth.相当于succeed in doing sth. 　confused adj.糊涂的，迷惑的；不清楚的，混乱的 [归纳拓展] ①confuse A with/and B　将A与B混淆 be confused by ...被……弄混 be confused about ...对……感到困惑 ②confused adj.困惑的；烦恼的 ③confusing adj.费解的；使人困惑的 ④confusion n．困惑；混淆；(让人不知所措的)混乱局面 [考点初探]　单句填空 ①The confused expression on his face suggested that he was not able to work out the confusing problem.(confuse) ②(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)As for Bailey，she is more confused(confuse) about why her act is considered a big deal. ③The snow lasted a week, causing a serious traffic confusion(confuse) in the whole area. ④(2022·全国甲卷)“Sydney is confused about itself，” she said. “We can't seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one ...” [考点进阶]　完成句子 ⑤虽然垃圾分类很重要，但人们对垃圾类别的混淆有时会阻碍他们这样做的意愿。 Significant as garbage classification is, people's_confusion_about_the_categories_of_trash sometimes discourages their willingness to do it. 　devote oneself to 致力，专心，献身 [归纳拓展] ①devote ...to ... 把……用于…… ②devoted adj.忠诚的；挚爱的 be devoted to ... 专心于……；奉献于…… ③devotion n．关爱；关照；奉献；忠诚 [考点初探]　语法填空 Her son, ①to whom she is devoted, devoted himself to ②becoming(become) one of the world's best long­distance swimmers. ③Devoted(devote) to his job, he spent little time with his mother. [考点进阶]　句式升级 ④He devoted himself to community activities and was praised by the people around him. →Devoting_himself_to_community_activities,_he was praised by the people around him.(现在分词作状语) →Devoted_to_community_activities,_he was praised by the people around him.(过去分词作状语) 含有介词to的短语 ①look forward to doing sth.盼望做某事 ②object to doing sth.反对做某事 ③get down to doing sth.开始做某事 ④be/get accustomed to doing sth.习惯于做某事 　in particular 尤其；特别 [归纳拓展] ①particular adj.特指的；特别的，格外的；挑剔的 be particular about/over sth. 对某事/某物讲究/挑剔 be particular to do sth.特地做某事 ②in particular＝particularly 尤其；特别；格外 [考点初探]　单句填空 ①He is a very open­minded man, and won't be particular about/over these small things. ②The company has launched several types of cars this year, and one in particular appeals to the young. ③Anger is a particularly(particular) strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry. [考点进阶]　完成句子 ④在中国参加朋友的晚宴时， 你要行为举止得体，尤其要注意餐桌礼仪。 When you attend your friend's dinner party in China, you'd better behave properly, particularly_paying_attention_to minding your table manners. in＋抽象名词＝副词 ①in anger＝angrily 生气地，愤怒地 ②in fashion＝fashionably 赶时髦地，流行 ③in general＝generally 一般说来 ④in comfort＝comfortably 舒服地，安乐地 ⑤in order＝orderly 按顺序 ⑥in peace＝peacefully 宁静地，安详地 句型精析 　what 引导名词性从句 [归纳拓展] ①what可引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，它引导名词性从句时可在从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。 ②what引导名词性从句时的五种含义归纳：表示“……的东西或事情”；表示“……的人或物的样子”；表示“……的数量或数目”；表示“……的时间”；表示“……的地方”。 [考点初探]　单句填空 ①What Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. [考点进阶]　完成句子 ②这个令人震惊的消息让我意识到我们将面临什么可怕的问题。 The shocking news made me realize what_terrible_problems_we_would_face． 　方位介词位于句首引起的倒装 [归纳拓展] ①out、in、into、down、up、away、here、now、then、there等表示方位和时间的副词置于句首，且主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装。 ②当作表语的介词短语、形容词、不定式等提到系动词be前面时，句子要全部倒装，构成“介词短语/形容词/不定式＋系动词be＋主语”结构。 ③过去分词或现在分词置于be动词前，句子要全部倒装，构成“现在分词/过去分词＋be动词＋主语”结构。 [考点初探]　完成句子 ①我们教室的前面是一个大花园。 In front of our classroom is/lies_a_big_garden. ②我们隔壁住着一对外国夫妇，他们对中国艺术很感兴趣。 Next door to ours live_a_foreign_couple，who have a great interest in Chinese art. ③昨天出席晚会的是我的好朋友们。 Present at the evening party yesterday were_my_good_friends. ④我还没来得及说句话，我弟弟就跑了出去。 Out ran_my_brother before I could say a word. [考点进阶]　句式升级 ⑤There is a farm at the foot of the hill near our school and there are a variety of fruits on it. →At the foot of the hill near our school is/lies_a_farm_where_there_are_a_variety_of_fruits． (倒装句和定语从句) [对应学生用书P78] 一、单词拼写 1．The new model will be launched(发行) in July. 2．He was depressed and in a confused(迷惑的) state of mind. 3．The first part of the plan has been safely accomplished(完成). 4．The building was completely destroyed(摧毁) by fire. 5．Two factories were closed in an attempt(试图) to cut costs. 6．He's quite capable(有能力) of lying to get out of trouble. 7．This drink doesn't contain(含有) any alcohol. 8．I made a summary(总结) report for the records. 9．An interesting feature(特征) of the city is the old market. 10．I gave you specific(明确的) instructions. 二、单句填空 1．Please inform us if there are any significant(significance) changes in your plans. 2．I'm afraid I haven't got a very good sense(sensitive) of direction, so I easily get lost. 3．This is the house where I was born. 4．To_enjoy(enjoy) the convenience of online shopping, many senior citizens started to use the Internet. 5．I have determined on working as a volunteer. 6．The likely reactions of the market need to be reflected on/upon before we act. 7．Animals in the zoo have lost the capability(capable) to hunt on their own. 8．The man was described(description) as tall and dark, and aged about 20. 9．She had devoted herself to practising(practise) for ten years and became one of the best swimmers. 10．I found an envelope containing(contain) a hundred­dollar bill on my way home. 三、短语填空 1．There will be a big surprise in_store(即将发生) for him when he gets home tonight! 2．He did not be permitted to devote_himself_to(致力于) the invention of flash memory. 3．The government has appealed_to(呼吁) citizens to donate money to charity. 4．Believing he had only a year to live, his writing took_on(呈现) a feverish intensity. 5．In_summary(总的来说), I think the movie is moving, interesting and worth spending time on. 6．As the afternoon drew_on(时光渐渐消逝), we were joined by more of the regulars. 7．We could make_the_best_of(充分利用) our resources. 8．He was on_the_point_of(正要……) saying something when the phone rang. 9．Is there anything in_particular(特别) in the program tonight? 10．Mrs Smith finds it hard to clear_up(清理) the mess, as her children are always in the way whenever she tries to. 四、完成句子 1．你有能力把工作做得比这更好。 You are_capable_of doing better work than this. 2．这份报告的作者都是男性，这一点很重要。 It_is_significant_that the writers of the report are all men. 3．汤姆，你不能把所有的衣服都像这样扔在地板上！ Tom, you can't_leave all your clothes on the floor like this! 4．如果她事先知道会发生什么的话，她是绝对不会同意去的。 If she had known what lay in_store_for_her,_she would never have agreed to go. 5．他刚才说的就是运动会已经被推迟了。 What_he_said just now is that the sports meet has been put off. 6．山顶上耸立着一棵大松树。 On_top_of_the_hill_stands_a_big_pine_tree. 五、教材语法填空 When it comes to 1.enjoying(enjoy) and understanding literature, we should first determine some of its 2.significant(significance) qualities. The first quality of literature is its description of truth and beauty. We should have the ability 3.to_find(find) the beauty that 4.was_hidden(hide) from our eyes before. The second one is its appeal 5.to our feelings and imagination. Its attraction lies more in what it 6.awakens(awaken) in us than what it says. The third one, coming out of the other two, is its permanence, 7.which should contain two 8.elements(element) : universal interest and personal style. In 9.a word, literature is the expression of life in forms of truth and beauty, the 10.written(write) record of man's thoughts and feelings, and the history of the human soul. 六、话题写作 结合本单元主题，使用本单元词汇与句型写一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。 1．我们最需要的是科普类书籍。(what引导的从句) 2．那就是为什么我推荐另一类书籍：文学类书籍。(that is why; recommend) 3．大师们的经典著作是通过引人入胜的故事和语言来表达伟大思想的。(which引导定语从句) 4．它们不仅能给我们带来欢乐和兴奋，还鼓励我们进行批判性思考。(not only ... but also ...) [参考范文] What we need most are popular science books. That is why I recommend another type of books: literary books. Classic works which are written by masters, present great thoughts through fascinating stories and language. They can not only offer us joy and excitement, but also encourage us to think critically. [对应学生用书P79] 一、具有否定意义或否定形式的词(短)语置于句首的倒装句 [金题速练] (1)The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor_will_he_even(甚至他都不会) give it a thought. (2)Not until I came home last night did_my_mum_go_to_bed(妈妈才上床睡觉). (3)我从未听过或见过这样的事情。 Never_have_I_heard_or_seen_such_a_thing. (4)尽管他病得很厉害，可是还是对健康不在乎。 Little_did_he_care_about_his_own_health though he was very ill. (5)他很少对别人大声讲话。 Rarely_did_he_raise_his_voice_to_anyone. (6)I seldom go shopping by taxi, unless it rains. →Seldom_do_I_go_shopping by taxi, unless it rains. (7)I have never read such an exciting report before. →Never_have_I_read such an exciting report before. [名师点津] 当具有否定意义或否定形式的词(短)语，如not、never、neither、nor、seldom、hardly、rarely、little、nowhere、not until等位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装结构，即把助动词/be动词/情态动词移到主语之前，构成“否定词语＋助动词/be动词/情态动词＋主语＋动词原形(不含be动词)＋其他”结构。此倒装句型可以当作书面表达中的必备句型。你能想到的相关短语都有哪些？ (1)决不：in no way，by no means，at no time，under no circumstances，in no case，in no sense，on no account (2)刚……就……：hardly ...when ...，no sooner ...than ...，scarcely ... when ... [图说词义] Hardly had we started when it began to rain. 我们刚出发，就开始下雨了。 二、总结用语 [金题速练] (1)In conclusion(conclude), we are very proud of ourselves and believe we can do more for a better world. (2)In brief, I sincerely invite you to come to our school and see for yourself. (3)To sum up, protecting animals is greatly urgent and it is vital for us to take steps to protect them. (4)All in all, though, these disadvantages are far less important than the benefits(好处) of national parks. (5)My deskmate is good, kind, hard­working and intelligent. On the whole, I can't speak too highly of him. (6)Generally(general) speaking, your arrival shouldn't be later than the fixed time. (7)总而言之，我们必须尽力去做这项工作。 In_one/a_word,_we must try our best to do the job. (8)In summary, theory must be combined with practice. [名师点津] 文章的结尾经常会用到总结用语，归纳记忆更方便信息的提取。请想一想还有哪些表达吧！ in conclusion, in summary, in short, in brief, in sum, in general, in a word, on the whole, to sum up, to conclude, all in all, generally speaking, briefly speaking [图说词义] In conclusion, I like everything in spring, especially the feelings bathed in the sunshine. 总之，我喜欢春天的一切，尤其喜欢沐浴着阳光的感觉。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$