课时作业(13) 选择性必修第一册 Unit 1 Food matters（Word练习）-【优化指导】2025年高考英语一轮复习高中总复习·第1轮（译林版）

课时作业(十三)　选择性必修第一册　Unit 1　Food matters 一、阅读理解 A Farming is destroying the planet.But there could be a much more environmentally friendly way to feed ourselves：using renewable energy to turn carbon dioxide(CO2) into food. “This is becoming a reality，”says Pasi Vainikka at Solar Foods.The company is building the first commercial­scale factory，near Helsinki in Finland，which will be able to make food directly from CO2. At the factory，renewable electricity will be used to break down water to produce hydrogen and oxygen.The hydrogen will be added to large containers，where the bacteria grow，along with CO2 and ammonia(NH3) to provide carbon and nitrogen separately.Some of the CO2 will be taken directly from the air at a visitor centre at the factory，Vainikka says，and the rest will come from industrial sources.The end result will be a yellow powder called Solein that is made of bacterial cells and is up to 70 per cent protein.It can be used as an ingredient in all kinds of foods，from meat alternatives to grains and snacks.“We are aiming at replacing animal­sourced proteins，which we think have the highest environmental impact，”says Vainikka. Solein was approved as a food ingredient in Singapore in October 2022，and Solar Foods is awaiting approval in the UK，the European Union and the US. Compared with plant crops，Solein will use 100 times less water per kilogram of protein produced，20 times less land—including the land used for energy production—and produce a fifth as much CO2，according to Solar Foods.Compared with beef，a kilogram of protein can be produced using 600 times less water and 200 times less land，again counting the land used for energy production，while producing 200 times less CO2，says the company. There are other benefits，too：factories could be situated anywhere in the world and production won't be affected by weather extremes.“With Solar Foods and other companies scaling up(扩大) their systems，this is truly stepping in a new age of agriculture，”says Dorian Leger at Connectomix Bio in Germany. 1．What can we learn about Solein from Paragraph 3? A．It was used as feed for animals at first. B．Up to 70 per cent of it can be recycled. C．It is made from hydrogen and oxygen. D．It can be applied to food production. 2．What advantage does Solein have in producing a kilogram of protein? A．It uses 600 times less land than beef. B．It produces 200 times less CO2 than beef. C．It uses 200 times less water than plant crops. D．It produces 100 times less CO2 than plant crops. 3．What is Dorian Leger's attitude towards the future of Solein? A．Positive. B．Doubtful. C．Ambiguous. D．Tolerant. 4．Which can be the best title for the text? A.CO2 Can Be Recycled to Stimulate Local Economy B.New Food Strategy Reduces Big Questions on Health C.A Factory Will Start Making Green Food from Air and Electricity D.Campaigners Recommend Ways to Reduce Climate Impact of Farming [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Solar Foods公司用可再生能源生产绿色食品，以缓解农业给环境带来的压力。 1．D　[解析]细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It can be used as an ingredient in all kinds of foods，from meat alternatives to grains and snacks.(它可以作为各种食物的原料，从肉类替代品到谷物和零食。)”可知，Solein可以用作各种食物的原料。因此，Solein可以用于食品生产。故选D。 2．B　[解析]细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Compared with beef，a kilogram of protein ...while producing 200 times less CO2，says the company.(该公司表示，与牛肉相比，生产一千克蛋白质所需的水减少了600倍，土地减少了200倍，这还包括用于能源生产的土地，同时产生的二氧化碳减少了200倍。)”可知，每生产一千克蛋白质，使用Solein产生的二氧化碳比使用牛肉减少了200倍。故选B。 3．A　[解析]推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，Dorian Leger认为随着Solar Foods和其他公司不断扩大他们的系统，这真的进入了一个新的农业时代。由此推知，Dorian Leger对Solein的未来持积极态度。故选A。 4．C　[解析]标题概括题。根据首段中的“But there could be a much more environmentally friendly way to feed ourselves：using renewable energy to turn carbon dioxide(CO2) into food.(但是，有一种更环保的方式可以养活我们自己：利用可再生能源将二氧化碳转化为食物。)”可知，本文首段引出本文的话题：我们可以利用可再生能源把二氧化碳转化为食物；根据第二段以及下文中对该公司的介绍可知，这家公司正在建造一家商业规模的工厂，将用电分离出氢气，使其和二氧化碳等发生反应，产生“绿色”蛋白质，从而减少农业对环境的损害，所以“工厂将开始用空气和电力生产绿色食品”适合作本文标题。故选C。 B (2024·福建三明等五地高三上一模)In Scotland，600，000 tonnes of food are thrown away every year.This amount of food，which could feed about 1.2 billion poor people，is almost a third of household(家庭的) waste.And food waste isn't just a big problem in Scotland. Money，time，and resources are often wasted by throwing away good food.It also causes very harmful greenhouse gas，which is perilous to the planet. In the production stage，some foods do not enter the food chain for many reasons. Supermarkets usually care about the quality of food from farms.They often refuse strange­looking and unusually sized produce.However，they seem to forget that it is almost impossible to grow the perfect produce.Food waste at the consumption(消费) stage includes food going out of date and leftovers(残羹剩饭) because of too much food.In households，even mostly fresh fruit and vegetables are thrown away. In order to reduce food waste，here is what we can do： Understand the terms “use by” and “best before” dates.“Use by” dates are there for your safety.It is dangerous to eat food after the use­by date and doing so risks your health.“Best before” dates tell you how long the food will be at its best quality.Once the food passes the date，it isn't necessarily bad，but you should still check，just to be sure. Every time you go shopping and bring back new food，put them at the back of your fridge and bring the food that will expire(到期) soon closer to the front.That way，you know what needs to be eaten first. If you have any food that will expire soon，give it to charity if you aren't going to eat it.They will really appreciate the food you have given. 5．What can we infer from Paragraph 1? A．Food waste is the biggest part of household waste. B.Household waste hasn't drawn much attention. C．People in Scotland waste the most food. D．Food waste is a common problem. 6．What does the underlined word“perilous”in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Valuable. B．Dangerous. C．Different. D．Unnecessary. 7．What should people do to reduce food waste according to the text? A．Pick usually sized produce. B．Improve the quality of farm produce. C．Order produce directly from farmers. D．Avoid buying too much food at a time. 8．What advice does the author offer to people? A．Buy food that will expire soon to reduce waste. B．Place food carefully according to its expiry date. C．Throw away food that passes the best­before date. D．Give food that has passed its use­by date to charity. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了食物浪费是一个很普遍的问题，并告诉人们如何避免浪费食物。 5．D　[解析]推理判断题。根据第一段中的“And food waste isn't just a big problem in Scotland.(食物浪费不仅仅在苏格兰是一个大问题。)”可推知，食物浪费是一个普遍的问题。故选D。 6．B　[解析]词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Money，time，and resources are often wasted by throwing away good food.It also causes very harmful greenhouse gas(金钱、时间和资源常常因为扔掉好食物而被浪费。它还会产生非常有害的温室气体)”可知，这些有害的温室气体对地球应该是危险的，所以可推测画线词的意思是“危险的”。故选B。 7．D　[解析]推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Food waste at the consumption stage includes food going out of date and leftovers because of too much food.In households，even mostly fresh fruit and vegetables are thrown away.(消费阶段的食物浪费包括因为食物过多而过期的食物和剩饭剩菜。在家庭中，甚至大多数新鲜的水果和蔬菜都被扔掉了。)”可知，为了避免食物浪费，应该避免一次性买太多的食物。故选D。 8．B　[解析]细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Every time you go shopping and bring back new food，put them at the back of your fridge and bring the food that will expire soon closer to the front.(每次你去购物并带回新的食物时，把它们放在冰箱的后面，把即将过期的食物放在靠近前面的地方。)”可知，作者建议根据食物的保质期仔细放置食物。故选B。 二、七选五阅读 Eating too much salt is one of the causes of cardiovascular(心血管的) disease，which kills an estimated 17.9 million people each year，according to the WHO.1.______ Most people in the world consume about 10.8 grams of salt a day，more than double the level recommended by both the WHO and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.While salt is an essential nutrient，sodium(钠)，accounting for 40 percent of it，narrows and hardens blood vessels(血管).2.______ In fact，many health organizations suggest that consumers dramatically reduce their sodium intake. Rather than salt from a shaker in the kitchen，the majority of sodium consumed by most Americans comes from packaged and prepared foods.3.______ Part of the reason is that years of adding too much salt to foods has reduced people's taste sensitivity.“They don't want to take the initiative to reduce sodium if there's a competitor that has a higher content of salt，” the WHO's Branca said. 4．______ They are demanded to improve public awareness around the dangers of an overly salty diet and force food producers to reduce salt levels through legal standards.The FDA also announces that it plans to change the rules for nutrition labels on food packages to indicate that they are “healthy”． The benefits of reducing salt intake begin relatively rapidly.Blood pressure starts falling within weeks for most people.5.______ “Your tongues will adjust to a reduction in salt，and you'll be able to better taste the other flavors，” said Branca. A．Sensitivity to salt returns soon. B．That's why they expect a certain amount of salt. C．Just consume no more than a teaspoon of salt a day. D.The U.N.'s health agency is calling on governments to take action. E．If more salt is kept in the body，it slowly puts up the blood pressure. F．It can also lead to brain attacks and other serious medical conditions. G．Food producers continue to add so much salt despite the known health risks. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了吃盐过多对健康的危害及各国政府针对减少盐摄入量采取的一些措施。 1．F　[解析]根据上文“Eating too much salt is one of the causes of cardiovascular disease，which kills an estimated 17.9 million people each year，according to the WHO.”可知，上文告诉我们吃盐过多会导致心血管疾病，F项“它还可能导致脑部损伤和其他严重的疾病”能够承接上文，介绍了吃盐过多会导致其他疾病。故选F。 2．E　[解析]根据上文“While salt is an essential nutrient，sodium，accounting for 40 percent of it，narrows and hardens blood vessels.”可知，上文告诉我们盐中的钠会使血管变窄和硬化，E项“如果体内储存了更多的盐，血压就会慢慢升高”能够承接上文，介绍了如果体内储存更多的盐，血管变窄和硬化的情况加重，血压就会慢慢升高。故选E。 3．G　[解析]根据上文“Rather than salt from a shaker in the kitchen，the majority of sodium consumed by most Americans comes from packaged and prepared foods.”可知，上文告诉我们美国人摄入的大部分钠来自包装食品和预制食品，G项“尽管存在已知的健康风险，食品生产商仍继续添加大量的盐”能够承接上文且能引出下文，下文介绍了食品生产商要添加大量的盐的原因。故选G。 4．D　[解析]根据下文“They are demanded to improve public awareness around the dangers of an overly salty diet and force food producers to reduce salt levels through legal standards.”可知，上文告诉我们有关部门对减少盐摄入量采取的一些措施，D项“联合国卫生机构呼吁各国政府采取行动”能够引出下文，下文介绍的正是各国政府采取的措施。故选D。 5．A　[解析]根据上文“The benefits of reducing salt intake begin relatively rapidly.Blood pressure starts falling within weeks for most people.”可知，上文介绍的是减少盐摄入量的好处，A项“对盐的敏感性很快就会恢复”能够承接上文，介绍的也是减少盐摄入量的好处，这会让你很快恢复对盐的敏感性。故选A。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$