必修第三册 Unit 4 SPACE EXPLORATION-【金版教程】2025年高考英语一轮复习解决方案全书word（新教材，经典版）

金版教程 高考科学复习解决方案 英语 一　词汇过关测＋练 1．transmit　trans­表示从一端到另一端；­mit 发送→从一端发送到另一端；引申为传输；发送 2．microwave　micro­ 微小的；wave 波；水波→微小的波；引申为微波，微波炉 3．disappointed　dis­ 不，非，使相反；appoint 指定，任命→没有指定或任命；引申为失望的；沮丧的 4．recycle　re­再，重新；cycle 圈，循环→再次循环；引申为回收利用；再利用 5．attach　前缀at­同ad­，在字母t开头词根前同化为at­；­tach来自stake，表示木桩→固定在木桩上，或钉木桩以宣称所有权；引申为系；绑；贴 1．astronaut n. 宇航员；太空人 2．procedure n. 程序；步骤；手续 3．closing adj. 结尾的；结束的　n. 停业；关闭；倒闭 4．gravity n. 重力；引力 5．vehicle n. 交通工具；车辆 6．launch vt.& n. 发射；发起；上市 7．agency n. (政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处 8．high－end adj. 高端的 9．smartphone n. 智能手机 10．signal vt.& vi. 标志着；标明；发信号　n. 信号；标志 11．keen adj. 热衷的；渴望的 12．towel n. 毛巾；抹布 13．float vi. 浮动；漂流；漂浮　vt. 使浮动；使漂流 14．otherwise adv. 否则；要不然；以其他方式；除此之外　conj. 否则，不然 15．beyond prep. 在更远处；超出 16．solar adj. 太阳的；太阳能的 17．current adj. 当前的；现在的；流通的　n. 水流；电流；思潮；潮流 18．sufficient adj. 足够的；充足的 19．rocket n. 火箭；火箭弹 20．facility n. 设施；设备 21．frontier n. 边境；国界；边远地区 22．fatal adj. 致命的；灾难性的 23．shallow adj. 肤浅的；浅的 24．pattern n. 模式；图案；模范 25．data n. [pl.] 资料；数据 26．monitor n. 监视器；监测仪　vt. 监视；监测；监控 27．mankind n. 人类 28．resource n. 资源；财力；物力 29．mystery n. 神秘事物；谜 30．orbit n. (环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围 vt.& vi. 沿轨道运行；环绕……运行 1．They were awarded a free kick in the closing (结尾的) minutes of the first half. 2．(2022·全国甲卷)In addition, take an active part in the voluntary activities launched (发起) by the ocean organizations. 3．(2022·全国乙卷)As the chart shows, students adopt different ways to learn English beyond (超出) the classroom. 4．I paid a visit to Russia which is rich in natural resources (资源) and the travel enriched my horizons. 5．As we all know, Yang Liwei and Wang Yaping are famous astronauts (宇航员) in China. 6．Rather than getting up to check on whether the laundry is done, users will instead monitor (监控) it on their phones while watching TV. 7．Many lifestyle patterns (模式) do such great harm to health that they actually speed up the weakening of the human body. 8．Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport rather than vehicles (车辆) you own. 9．He swam to the shore against a strong current (水流)． 10．The gravity (重力) of the moon is so weak that the food will float around. 1．mental adj. 精神的；思想的→mentally adv. 精神上 2．universe n. 宇宙；天地万物→universal adj. 宇宙的；通用的 3．lack n. 缺乏；短缺　vt. 没有；缺乏→lacking adj. 缺乏的；不足的 4．determined adj. 有决心的；意志坚定的→determine vt. 查明；确定；决定→determination n. 决心；坚定 5．disappointed adj. 失望的；沮丧的→disappoint vt. 使失望；使沮丧→disappointing adj. 令人失望的→disappointment n. 失望；沮丧 6．desire n. 渴望；欲望　vt. 渴望；期望→desired adj. 希望实现的→desirable adj. 向往的；可取的；值得拥有的；值得做的 7．intelligent adj. 有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→intelligence n. 智慧 8．independent adj. 独立的；自立的→independently adv. 独立地；自立地→independence n. 独立；自立→depend vi. 依靠 9．globe n. 地球；世界；地球仪→global adj. 全球的；全面的→globally adv. 全球地；全面地 10．argue vt.& vi. 论证；争辩；争论→argument n. 争论；争吵；论点 11．analysis n. (对事物的)分析；分析结果→analyze (＝analyse) v. 分析 12．regular adj. 定期的；经常的；正常的　n. 常客→regularly adv. 经常；定期地；有规律地→(反) irregular adj. 无规律的；不定期的 13．limited adj. 有限的→limitless adj. 无限的→limit vt.& n. 限制 14．attach vt. 系；绑；贴→attached adj. 附加的；依恋的；爱慕的→attachment n. 附件；附属品；依恋 1．Artificial intelligence has been used in phones, which makes them seem to be intelligent. (intelligent) 2．When asked whether he was determined to be an astronaut, the boy just looked at me with determination．(determine) 3．Though he was disappointed at the result of the examination, he tried to hide his disappointment in order not to discourage his son.(disappoint) 4．An argument about whether people should carry on with space exploration took place at the conference and some people argued that we should stop wasting time and money on it.(argue) 5．Since the country gained its independence in 1842, it has played an important role independently．(independent) 6．A person's life is limited,__but knowledge is limitless. (limit) 1　 gravity [熟义]　n. 重力；引力 [生义]　n. 严肃；严重性 ①He spoke slowly and with great gravity. 他语速很慢，而且十分严肃。 ②I don't think you realize the gravity of the situation. 我认为你没有意识到形势的严重性。 2　 launch [熟义]　v. 发射；创办；发起；上市 [生义]　v. 把……投放市场；发行；启动 They held a special party to launch the new book. 他们为发行这本新书特意举办了一次招待会。 3　 float [熟义]　v. (使)漂浮；(使)漂流；浮动 [生义]　v. 提出；提请考虑(想法或计划) We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house. 我们向母亲提出了住在一起的想法。 4　 beyond [熟义]　prep. 超出 [生义]　prep. 在更远处；在……的那边；远于；除……以外 ①It is the only place beyond the Earth to have been visited by humans. 这是人类到过的除地球以外的唯一地方。 ②I had no plans beyond listening to my favorite records for the spring break. 除了在春假期间听听我最喜欢的唱片外，我没有其他计划。 5　 monitor [熟义]　n. 班长；监测器；监测仪 [生义]　v. 监控；监视；监测 Scientists may be able to monitor the behavior of sharks to predict bad weather. 科学家们也许能够通过监测鲨鱼的行为来预测坏天气。 小积累 1.“反义词”对比 ①deep→shallow ②intelligent→foolish ③sharp→dull ④neat→dirty ⑤tough→easy 2．后缀­less构成的形容词 ①limit→limitless 无限的 ②doubt→doubtless 无疑的 ③rest→restless 不安的 ④use→useless 无用的 ⑤count→countless 无数的 3．“最终；终于”集锦 ①finally ②eventually ③ultimately ④in the end ⑤at length ⑥at last 二　语块过关测＋练 1．carry__on 继续做，坚持干 2．provide__for__sb 提供生活所需 3．run__out__(of) 用完，耗尽 4．figure__out 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白 5．result__in 导致；造成 6．so__as__to__(do__sth) 为了做某事；以便 7．in__the__hope__of__doing__sth 抱着……的希望 8．as__a__result 所以；结果(是)；因此 9．on__board 在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上 10．be__keen__on 喜爱；热衷于 11．in__closing 最后 1．Research has shown that having a preference for junk food can result__in obesity. 2．As__a__result/In__closing,__exploring space provides the world with many different benefits. 3．All passengers on__board are expected to fasten the seat belts when the plane takes off and lands. 4．In the future, caring for the environment will become very important as earth's natural resources is running__out． 5．Alice can't leave the company, because she needs her work to provide__for her family. 6．The president decided to fly there to figure__out the truth of the accident. 三　句式迁移练 1．主语＋be＋adj. ＋to do 【教材原句】 Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal to achieve.[P42] 把人送到其他星球甚至太阳系以外不是一个容易达到的目标。 【语境体悟】 Among the four seasons in a year, summer is my favorite. The morning air is so good to breathe. 在一年的四个季节中，夏天是我的最爱。早晨的空气呼吸起来感觉很好。 【迁移创新】Even though the__problem__was__difficult__to__solve,__I didn't give up. Because I firmly believed that “Where there is a will, there is a way.” 尽管这个问题很难解决，但我没有放弃。因为我坚信“有志者事竟成。” 2．动名词作主语 【教材原句】 Firstly, exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger. [P44] 首先，太空探索已经在对抗世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了重要作用。 【语境体悟】When you meet with a difficult problem in an exam, keeping calm is the key to overcoming the difficulty. 考试遇到难题时，保持冷静是克服困难的关键。 【迁移创新】Practising__Chinese__Kung__Fu can not only build up one's strength, but also develop one's character. 练习中国功夫不仅可以增强一个人的力量，而且可以培养一个人的性格。 Ⅰ　忆课文·语篇理解 Humans have always wondered about space, __1__ (determine) to find out the secrets of the universe, and scientists work hard to make __2__ (vehicle) to carry people into space. In the mid－20th century, rockets that were powerful enough to overcome Earth's gravity were developed, making space exploration __3__ reality. On 4 October, 1957, the USSR successfully launched the first artificial satellite into space. On 12 April, 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first human __4__ (travel) into space. 20 July, 1969 was a __5__ (history) day for space travel: astronaut Neil Armstrong walked on the surface of the Moon. Although China's space programme __6__ (start) later than those of Russia and the US, it has made great progress in a short time. In 2003, Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft, __7__ made China the third country in the world to __8__ (independent) send humans into space. __9__ the difficulties, scientists hope to make more valuable discoveries that will enable the human race __10__ (survive) well into the future. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9．________　10.________ 答案：1.determined　2.vehicles　3.a　4.to travel　5.historic　6.started　7.which　8.independently　9.Despite　10.to survive Countries around the globe are spending money and time on various space missions, whether to Mars __1__ other planets much further away. Some people argue that we should feed __2__ world's poor and find immediate solutions to other problems. However, others feel this is a shallow view __3__ fails to realize how exploring space __4__ (help) us. Firstly, exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger. It has __5__ (direct) resulted in the many satellites that now orbit Earth. A number of the satellites record data on land and weather patterns. After careful analysis, the scientists can provide useful recommendations and advice __6__ farmers. Secondly, many high－end products around the world __7__ (make) to a higher standard now because of advanced technology which was first created to meet the __8__ (requirement) for space exploration. Finally, __9__ (send) astronauts into space has helped people to think about the world's problems and even to find ways __10__ (solve) them. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9．________　10.________ 答案：1.or　2.the　3.which/that　4.helps　5.directly　6.for　7.are made　8.requirements　9.sending　10．to solve Ⅱ　学思悟·重点突破 1　 disappointed adj. 失望的；沮丧的(☞disappoint vt. 使失望；使沮丧☞disappointing adj. 令人失望的☞disappointment n. 失望，沮丧) 【知识归纳】 (1)be disappointed to do sth 因做某事而失望 be disappointed at/with/by sth 对某事感到失望 (2)to one's disappointment 使某人失望的是 in disappointment 失望地 【语用点拨】 disappointed是表示情绪的形容词，表示主人公的失望、沮丧之情，在读后续写中可以灵活运用名词disappointment，形容词disappointed/disappointing，动词disappoint。 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①(2022·北京高考)If researchers can't keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment (disappoint) and anger, Johnson warns. ②(2024·深圳开学模拟)Once things appear disappointing (disappoint), many of us might punish ourselves with unkind words. ③(2024·湖南岳阳开学模拟)She didn't know who let the word out, but she was really hurt and disappointed (disappoint)． ④我非常高兴且真诚地欢迎你来中国学习，此外，我保证你不会带着失望离开。(欢迎辞) Overwhelmed with enormous joy, I sincerely welcome you to study in China and moreover, I bet you won't leave__feeling__disappointed. 2　 desire n. 渴望；欲望　vt. 渴望；期望(☞desirable adj. 向往的；可取的；值得拥有的；值得做的☞desired adj. 希望实现的) 【知识归纳】 (1)desire to do sth 渴望做某事 desire that ... (should) do sth 渴望……做某事 (2)have a strong desire to do sth/for sth 迫切要做某事/急于得到某物 【语用点拨】 在阅读理解中要注意区分desirable和desired的语义不同；desire to do sth和have a desire to do sth表示“渴望或想要做某事”，可以与want to do sth互换。 【语境运用】单句语法填空/翻译 ①(2023·全国甲卷)Bangkok is a highly desirable (desire) destination for food lovers. ②(2022·天津高考)To achieve desired (desire) outcome, those who want to do good to others also need to equip themselves with accurate world knowledge. ③(2022·北京高考)From observing his mum and from his desire to__give (give) kids better drink options, he came up with his original model for the Fun Bottle. ④(2023·全国甲卷)The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. 《苏格拉底快车》是一本有趣而且语言犀利的书，它以其表面上的简单吸引着读者，并逐渐将他们拉进对欲望、孤独和衰老的深层思考中。 3　 signal vt.& vi. 标志着；标明；发信号　n. 信号；标志；预示；信号灯 【知识归纳】 (1)signal (to) sb to do sth 示意某人做某事 signal (to sb) that ... 示意(某人)…… (2)a signal (for sb) to do sth (某人)做某事的信号 【语用点拨】 signal在读后续写中可以用于动作描写，signal (to) sb to do sth “示意某人做某事”，signal (to sb) that ... “示意(某人)……”；作“标志着”讲时，可以用来替换symbolize。 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The Lantern Festival falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, signalling (signal) the end of the Spring Festival celebrations.(传统文化) ②I ran up to the car, took him by the arm and signalled him to__follow (follow) me. (动作链) ③他微笑着，向我示意他愿意参加演讲比赛。 He smiled, signalling__to__me__that he was willing to take part in the speech contest. 4　 lack n. 缺乏；短缺　vt. 没有；缺乏(☞lacking adj. 缺乏的；不足的) 【知识归纳】 (1)lack sth 缺少某物(不用于被动语态) (2)for lack of ... 因缺乏…… a lack of sth 缺乏某物 (3)be lacking in ... 缺少…… 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子/翻译 ①(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Though lacking (lack) cooking experience, the twins made up for it by turning to the Internet for some advice. ②(2022·全国乙卷)由于他们缺乏自律，他们更容易沉迷于网上聊天或玩游戏。 Because__of/Due__to__their__lack__of__self­discipline,__they're more likely to be addicted to chatting online or playing games. ③(2023·全国乙卷)Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite a challenge, mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation. 住在艾奥瓦州并试图成为一名专门拍摄风景的摄影师可能是一个相当大的挑战，主要是因为这个玉米之州缺乏地理差异。 5　 argue vi.& vt. (argued, argued; arguing)论证；争辩；争论；主张；说服 (☞argument n. 争论；争吵；论点；参数) 【知识归纳】 (1)argue that ... (should) do sth 主张……做某事 argue with sb on/about/over sth 与某人争辩某事 argue/talk/persuade sb into/out of doing sth 说服某人做/不做某事 (2)beyond argument 无可争辩 【语境运用】单句语法填空/翻译 ①It is beyond argument (argue) that the Great Wall is the symbol of China. (应用文写作之推荐信) ②(2022·天津高考)Understandably, theorists have__been__arguing (argue) for years and still disagree on whether the brain is the nerve centre that operates the rest of the body. ③(2021·浙江高考)I thought I could argue my parents into allowing me to use my money as I wished. ④(2023·浙江高考1月)Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. 尽管Project__Debater很聪明，但它也有一些弱点。它从文档库和预先构建的参数中提取句子，并将它们串在一起。 6　 attach vt. 系；绑；贴(☞attached adj. 附加的；依恋的，爱慕的☞attachment n. 附件；附属品；依恋) 【知识归纳】 (1)attach ... to ... 把……系/贴/附在……之上 attach importance/significance to ... 重视……；认为……有意义 (2)be attached to sb/sth 依恋某人；附属于某人/物；爱慕某人/物 【语用点拨】 attach在写作中会经常用到，比如attach importance/significance to ... “重视……；认为……有意义”， can never attach too much importance to ... “再强调……重要也不为过”；在读后续写中可以使用be attached to “依恋，附在……上”。 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①When you send an e－mail you can also send a file as an attachment (attach) and that file can be a graphic, a program, a sound or whatever. ②She found a box lying on the table with a card attached (attach) to it, saying “Happy birthday”. ③在学习语言的过程中，你再怎么强调阅读的重要性也不为过。(应用文写作之建议信) You can__never__attach__too__much__importance__to__reading during the process of learning a language. 7　result in 导致；造成 【知识归纳】 result from＝arise from 由……造成；因……而产生 as a result 因此；结果 as a result of 因为；由于 without result 没有结果；徒劳地 【名师点津】(1)result in 的主语是“起因”，宾语是“结果”。 (2)result from的主语是“结果”，宾语是“起因”。 (3)表示“导致”的词语还有：cause, lead to, contribute to, bring about, account for等。 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①As is known to us, positive thinking and action can result in success. ②As far as I'm concerned, her failure in the competition resulted from her casual attitude. ③As__a__result (结果), he was right, and we have become friends for life since then. 8　run out 用完；耗尽(物作主语，无被动语态) 【知识归纳】 run out of 用完/耗尽……(人作主语，有被动语态) run across 偶然遇见 run into 撞上；偶然遇见；遇到(困难等) run for 竞选 run after 追逐；追求 【语境运用】用run的相关短语填空 ①Our energy was running__out but when we heard the call of my uncle, a smile lit up our faces. ②I had run__out__of all my patience and I began to explode with anger.(读后续写之情绪描写) ③The moment we ran__into/across a cute wild rabbit, we rode our horses and ran__after it without hesitation. 9　 the＋序数词＋名词＋动词不定式，作后置定语 【知识归纳】 (1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级、 the next、 the only、 the right、 the last等修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语。 (2)动词不定式作定语常用来修饰ability, chance, opportunity, need, way, wish, effort, right, ambition, patience, anxiety, attempt等名词。 【语境运用】单句语法填空 ①(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷·爱心爆米花)John was the first person to__think (think) of making popcorn to help Bernard earn some extra money. ②He was convinced that he had the ability to__help (help) Bernard out of the difficulty. ③I can't afford to miss such a precious chance to__strengthen (strengthen) mutual understanding. Ⅲ　语基过关检测 维度一　单句语法填空 1．Overcome with bitter disappointment (disappoint) at his failing to win a prize, he locked himself in the room. (读后续写之心理描写) 2．As is known to us, Yang Liwei is the first Chinese astronaut to__be__sent (send) into space. 3．We signalled (signal) to the driver in the hope of stopping him before he fell into the river. 4．After a long time of outspoken discussion they accepted the agreement without argument (argue)． 5．Running (run) out of energy and patience, Jane gave up her walking along the stream and fell to sleep. 6．It is high time that great significance should be__attached (attach) to saving energy and protecting the environment.(环境保护) 7．There is no denying that China's economy plays an important role in the global (globe) economy. 8．By taking exercise regularly (regular), I have grown healthy not only physically but also mentally (mental) in the past years. 9．Currently (current), an increasing number of people buy things on the Internet. 10．The young man had a strong desire to__earn (earn) a living by himself soon after he graduated. 维度二　语篇练习 根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。 There ①exists (exist) a problem between my parents and me, making it impossible for me to ②carry__on__with__my__study (继续学习)． Actually, I am so keen ③on space exploration that I ④regularly (regular) go to the library ⑤in__the__hope__of__gaining (希望获得) sufficient knowledge about the universe. However, my parents think my hobby will ⑥result__in (导致) my poor academic performance. Moreover, ⑦what__makes__me__disappointed (使我失望的是) is that they always argue with me about my hobby. Even ⑧worse (bad), they warn me to give it up. ⑨Otherwise (否则), they are determined not to ⑩provide__for__me (提供我生活所需). Since you have handled such a situation ⑪independently (independent), I ⑫need (升级本单元词汇：have__a__strong__desire__for) your timely help. Ⅳ　读写用·素养提升 维度一　一词多义/熟词生义 (一)根据语境选出加黑词current的含义 A．adj. 当前的；现在的　B．adj. 流通的 C．n. 水流　D．n. 潮流 1．(2024·广东一模)Fighting against the strong currents and cold wind, she screamed for help at the top of her lungs every three minutes or so.________ 2．The current money in China is Renminbi.________ 3．We should try our best to go with the current of the times.________ 4．Students are placed into classes based on their current language skills.________ 答案：1.C　2.B　3.D　4.A (二)根据语境选出加黑词otherwise的含义 A．adv. 以其他方式　B．adv. 否则；要不然 C．adv. 除此以外　D．conj. 否则；不然 1．My parents lent me sufficient money. Otherwise, I couldn't have afforded the trip. ________ 2．(2021·浙江高考)Seize the chance, otherwise you won't enjoy the beautiful traditional Chinese paintings. ________ 3．There was some music playing upstairs. Otherwise the house was silent. ________ 4．It is not permitted to sell or otherwise distribute copies of past examination papers. ________ 答案：1.B　2.D　3.C　4.A (三)根据语境写出加黑词的含义 1．She was displeased with absolutely everything, nothing was right and I was rather surprised that she became a “regular”．常客 2．The French had floated the idea of placing the diplomatic work in the hands of the UN.提出，提请考虑(想法或计划) 3．(2020·天津高考)Start a business using the help of your local library. If you want to have a business of your own, your local library can become a launch space for it.启动 维度二　构词法 (2023·全国甲卷)Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups. (1)前缀over­：表示超过，多余；也可以表示翻转，此处来自动词短语turn sth over 打翻，推翻，overturn在此处为动词，意为：推翻；颠覆；撤销。 (2)合成词：law表示法律；suit表示西装，此处是熟词生义诉讼；lawsuit为合成词，意为：法律诉讼。 (3)名词后缀­ation：conservation是动词conserve的名词形式，意为：保护，环保。 维度三　长难句分析 (2023·全国甲卷)Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still be employed today to draw attention to important truths. 一划主干：Carson__proves__that__...。 二括修饰：第一个that引导宾语从句；第二个that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a__simple__literary__form；从句中使用了被动语态，to draw ... 作目的状语。 三会意：卡森证明，一种流传多年的简单文学形式在今天仍然可以用来吸引人们对重要真理的关注。 维度四　写作提能 完成句子/一句多译 1．除了除夕夜熬夜，吃年夜饭和看春晚是春节的两大重要习俗。 Apart__from/Aside__from/In__addition__to__staying__up__late on New Year's Eve, having__a__New__Year's__Eve__dinner and watching__the__Spring__Festival__Gala are two important customs of the Spring Festival. 2．我为我们国家的科学进步感到十分骄傲，我决心投身航天事业，为祖国作出贡献。 I'm so proud of our country's advances__in__science that I am__determined__to be engaged in space industry and make__contributions__to our motherland. 3．当我非常渴望向您致以感谢时，我不知道说什么好。(fail; desire n．) Words__have__failed__me when I have__a__strong__desire__to express my thanks to you. 4．给我印象最深的是美国中学对学生的实践能力非常重视。 What impresses me most is that American middle schools pay special attention to students' ability of practice. ＝What strikes me most is that American middle schools attach__great__importance__to students' ability of practice. 5．为了提高我们节约食物的意识，我们学校将发起一场反对食物浪费的运动。 To raise__our__awareness__of saving food, our school is to launch__a__campaign__against__ food__waste．(raise; launch) ＝To enhance__our__awareness__of saving food, a__campaign__against__food__ waste__is__to__be__launched__by__our__school．(enhance; 被动语态) 课时作业 Ⅰ.阅读 A (2024·广东省揭阳市第一中学高三月考)“Fifty years ago, astronauts travelled to space in government­funded rockets designed, built and maintained by NASA. But today, the ‘astronauts’ are very often billionaires having a journey into low orbit on a rocket that they paid for themselves. This change feels like a giant leap, but it makes sense，” says Laura Seward Forczyk, founder of Astralytical, a space consulting company. She believes more and more of modern civilization relies on space. Huge numbers of satellites orbit the planet, connecting us to everything from mobile phones to GPS, and there is a large sum of money in maintaining those systems. Forczyk thinks this doesn't get a lot of headlines typically, but there are profitable reasons why private companies want to go into space. The private commercial companies learn more about putting rockets and satellites into space to help NASA with the missions while NASA increases its management and guidance of them. That's important because NASA itself has become financially limited. From its 1966 peak, when spending on the space race took up more than four percent of the US government's budget, that spending is now less than half percent of the country's total budget. “NASA is using commercial companies to build a lot of hardware to perform those services of taking scientific payloads (载量) to the surface of the moon，” says Forczyk. “The hope is that people will follow—possibly by 2025, but more realistically by 2030. If you're wondering why we're going back to the moon—after all, mankind has already walked on its surface—the answer is that we explored only part of it.” “We know a lot more, but we also know so very little，” adds Forczyk. She wants to go back with people to learn more. But more importantly, she hopes and believes people can go to live and work there one day. The universe is so big that we can't stop exploring it. Some even see the moon as an eventual staging area for human exploration of deep space. Mars is regarded as the next stepping­off point towards the final frontier, though whether we'll get there in our lifetime is another question. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国去太空旅行的宇航员的变化和对宇宙未来的探索。 1．What is the change of the American space travel today? A．It needs billions of government funds. B．All astronauts should pay for it themselves. C．It requires astronauts to carry mobile phones. D．The rich can experience it at their own expense. 答案：D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But today, the ‘astronauts’ ... on a rocket that they paid for themselves.(但是今天，‘宇航员’通常是亿万富翁，他们乘坐自己支付的火箭进入低轨道。)”可知，富人可以自费体验太空旅行。故选D。 2．What is the relationship between NASA and the private commercial companies? A．Competitive. B．Interdependent. C．Unrelated. D．Mistrustful. 答案：B　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The private commercial companies ... guidance of them.(私营商业公司了解到更多如何将火箭和卫星送入太空的信息，以帮助美国宇航局完成任务，而美国宇航局则加强了对它们的管理和指导。)”可推知，NASA和私营商业公司是相互依赖的关系。故选B。 3．What is Forczyk's attitude to the moon exploration? A．Confident. B．Curious. C．Negative. D．Worried. 答案：A　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“But more importantly ... work there one day.”可知，Forczyk (福奇克)希望并相信有一天人们能去月球生活和工作。由此可推知，她对月球探索抱有信心。故选A。 4．What does the last paragraph want to convey? A．There is no limit to space exploration. B．The moon is the final exploration area. C．Humans will cease exploring deep space. D．It is absolutely impossible to get to Mars. 答案：A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The universe is so big that we can't stop exploring it.”可知，宇宙如此之大，我们无法停止对它的探索。由此可推知，太空探索是无止境的。故选A。 B (2024·湖南省衡阳市第八中学高三月考)US astronaut Mae Jemison was only a little girl back in the 1960s. But she was old enough to know there was something strange with the Apollo astronauts as she watched them go into space on TV: They were all men—no women could be seen. “That was the most absurd thing in the world，” Jemison, now an astronaut herself, once told The Atlantic.“I just thought, would the aliens actually think this is all there is to humanity？” 　Fortunately, the past five decades have seen the world becoming a less “absurd” place. From NASA's first astronaut class in 1959, which was all­male, to its 2013 class, in which half of all eight members were women, we can see how things are changing. And on March 29, another history was about to be made when an all­female team—Anne McClain and Christina Koch—was scheduled to make an “all­women spacewalk” since all previous spacewalks were done with at least one male astronaut. But that plan was eventually cancelled, due to “spacesuit availability”， which means NASA doesn't have two suits that fit women. The world is still pretty “absurd” after all. In fact, tests have long proved that women are not at all less competent than men when it comes to space tasks. But apparently, test results are not enough to fight off the world's long­existing biases against women. According to Atlas Obscura magazine, female astronauts were sometimes asked sexist questions during news conferences—examples include how they would live for a week without makeup, or how they could leave their children behind to go on space missions—when male astronauts were never bothered by such questions. 　Hopefully—give it another few decades—we'll be able to see a world that's fully grown out of its absurdity in terms of gender equality. And hopefully, when aliens do come visit one of our space stations, they'll see humanity the way it should be. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章从美国女宇航员Mae Jemison (梅·杰米森)的视角，简述了很长时间以来，宇航员这一职业被认为是男性的专利，但作者相信未来的世界是一个在性别平等方面完全摆脱荒谬的世界。 5．Which of the following descriptions fits Mae Jemison? A．When she was young in 1960s, she knew nothing of the Apollo astronauts. B．She believed that the aliens thought there was no woman on earth. C．She found it unfair to see all the Apollo astronauts were men. D．She wanted to be one of the Apollo astronauts. 答案：C　细节理解题。根据第二段“That was the most absurd thing ... to humanity？(‘这是世界上最荒谬的事情，’杰米森现在也是一名宇航员，她曾经告诉The Atlantic (《大西洋月刊》)。‘我只是在想，外星人真的会认为这就是人类的全部吗？’)”可知，Mae Jemison认为阿波罗号的宇航员们都是男性是非常不公平的。故选C。 6．What happened in NASA according to Paragraph 4? A．The astronauts class which were male became all female in 2013. B．An all­female team made “all women spacewalk” plan come true. C．“All women spacewalk” plan was canceled because of astronauts' ability. D．The shortage of space suits upset the “all women spacewalk” plan. 答案：D　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But that plan was eventually cancelled ... that fit women.(但由于‘航天服可用性’的原因，这一计划最终无法实现，这意味着美国宇航局没有两套适合女性的航天服。)”可知，由于航天服短缺的原因，女宇航员团队进入太空的计划被取消。故选D。 7．We can draw the conclusion from the tests that ________． A．women are more competent than men in space tasks B．despite the results, the world's long­existing biases against women still exist C．it is difficult for women not to use makeup for work D．male astronauts never leave children behind to go on space missions 答案：B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“In fact ... biases against women.”可推知，虽然女性的能力并不逊于男性，但这不足以消除世界上长期存在的对女性的偏见。故选B。 8．What view did the author hold in the last paragraph? A．When aliens visit our space stations, they will see more human beings. B．He believes that there will be no absurdity about the equality between men and women. C．The world may become one full of humans and aliens. D．Our space station will grow fully in another few decades. 答案：B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Hopefully—give it another few decades ... in terms of gender equality.”可推知，作者相信未来的世界是一个在性别平等方面完全摆脱荒谬的世界。故选B。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2024·安徽省皖东十校联盟高三月考)As Horace Mann, the great educator, once said, “Habits are like a cable. We weave a strand of it every day and soon it cannot be broken.” I personally do not agree with the last part of his expression. __1__ Habits can be learned and unlearned. But I also know it isn't a quick fix. It involves a process and a great commitment. Those of us who watched the lunar voyage of Apollo 11 were transfixed as we saw the first man walk on the moon and return to Earth. Words such as “fantastic” and “incredible” were inadequate to describe those eventful days. But to get there, those astronauts literally had to break out of the enormous gravity pull of the earth. __2__ Habits, too, have enormous gravity pull—more than most people realize or would admit. Breaking deeply rooted habitual tendencies such as procrastination, impatience, criticalness, or selfishness that violate basic principles of human effectiveness involves more than a little willpower and a few minor changes in our lives. __3__ But once we break out of the gravity pull, our freedom takes on a whole new dimension. __4__ The gravity pull of some of our habits may currently be keeping us from going where we want to go. But it is also gravity pull that keeps our world together, that keeps the planets in their orbits and our universe in order. __5__ And we can use the gravity pull of habit to create the cohesiveness (凝聚力) and order necessary to establish effectiveness in our lives. A．I know they can be broken. B．“Lift­off” takes an enormous effort. C．Excellence is not an act, but a habit. D．It is a powerful force if used effectively. E．Habits are powerful factors in our lives. F．Their energy was mostly spent in the first few minutes of lift­off. G．Like any natural force, gravity pull can work with us or against us. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者对于习惯的看法。 1．A　根据上文“As Horace Mann ... of his expression.”可知，作者认为习惯是可以被打破的。A项(我知道它们可能会被破坏。)承接上文。故选A。 2．F　根据上文“Those of us who ... pull of the earth.”可知，为了到达月球，宇航员要脱离地球的巨大引力。F项(他们的精力主要花在起飞的最初几分钟。)承接上文。故选F。 3．B　根据上文“Habits, too, have enormous ... in our lives.”和下文“But once we break out of the gravity pull, our freedom takes on a whole new dimension.”可知，作者认为我们可以摆脱地心引力，但是需要付出许多努力。B项(“升空”需要付出巨大的努力。)符合语境。故选B。 4．G　根据下文“The gravity pull ... our universe in order. (我们的一些习惯的引力目前可能使我们无法去我们想去的地方。但也正是引力使我们的世界团结在一起，使行星保持在轨道上，使我们的宇宙井然有序。)”可知，G项(就像任何自然力一样，引力可以对我们起作用，也可以对我们不利。)和下文意思一致，符合语境。故选G。 5．D　根据下文“And we can use ... in our lives.”可知，作者认为习惯的引力可以有大的好处。D项(如果使用得当，这是一股强大的力量。)引出下文，符合语境。故选D。 Ⅲ.语法填空 (2024·云南省高三质量检测)The Lion Rock mountain stands not only as one of the most famous scenic spots in Hong Kong, __1__ has become a spiritual symbol representing the persistent efforts of ordinary Hong Kong people __2__ (live) a better life. The Lion Rock spirit has also __3__ (deep) touched those outside Hong Kong, such as Cui Xiaodong, __4__ ink artist and director of the Yan Huang Art Museum in Beijing. “The mountain stands like a giant, symbolizing the industrious and persistent spirit which, over the past decades, __5__ (pull) people in Hong Kong together through hard times. It is a recollection of the youth and vigor (活力) of a generation of people in Hong Kong __6__ struggled to make the city what it is today，” he says. Cui created Lion Rock in Hong Kong, a colored ink painting. In his painting, Cui depicts (描绘) the cliffs of the Lion Rock, surrounded by blooming trees and __7__ (overlook) the city's skyscrapers. Made earlier this year, the painting is now __8__ show at Greater Bay Area in the Eyes of Artists, a display marking the 25th anniversary of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. The __9__ (exhibit) displayed there hail (向……致敬) the ecological diversity of the area and also present to the audience __10__ (success) reformative accomplishments since 1997. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9．________　10.________ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了香港的狮子山和水墨艺术家崔晓东创作的关于狮子山的画。 1．but　考查固定句型。not only ... but (also) ... 意为“不仅……而且……”，为固定句型。故填but。 2．to live　考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词has become，设空处应用非谓语动词，过上更美好的生活是不懈努力的目的，应用不定式作目的状语。故填to live。 3．deeply　考查词性转换。句中has touched为谓语动词，应用副词修饰，deeply “深深地”。故填deeply。 4．an　考查冠词。设空处修饰名词短语ink artist，表示泛指，应用不定冠词，ink的发音以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。 5．has pulled　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。 设空处为定语从句的谓语动词，根据句中over the past decades可知，句子应用现在完成时；主语which指代spirit，助动词应用has。故填has pulled。 6．who/that　考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为people，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who/that引导从句。故填who/that。 7．overlooking　考查非谓语动词。设空处应用非谓语动词，cliffs of the Lion Rock和overlook为主动关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填overlooking。 8．on　考查固定短语。固定短语on show意为“展览着，被展示”。故填on。 9．exhibits　考查名词。句中exhibit意为“展览品”，为可数名词，展览中的展品不止一个，应用复数。故填exhibits。 10．successful　考查词性转换。句中accomplishments为名词，应用形容词作定语。故填successful。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$