必修第二册 Unit 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS-【金版教程】2025年高考英语一轮复习解决方案全书word（新教材，经典版）

金版教程 高考科学复习解决方案 英语 一　词汇过关测＋练 1．individual　in­不，非；divide 分开，分割，即不可分割的，原指耶稣的圣父，圣灵，圣子三位一体不可分开→不再分割的；引申为单独的；个别的；个人 2．battle　bat­击打，敲打；­le表示反复→反复敲打；引申为战役；搏斗 3．surround　sur­在下面，超出；round 圆圈→在下面围一圈；引申为围绕；包围 4．transition　trans­ 转移，横过；it走，词源同exit；­ion名词后缀→越过……走；引申为过渡；转变；变迁 5．descendant　de­分离；破坏；向下；­scend 攀爬；­ant名词后缀，人→向下攀爬的人；引申为后裔；后代；子孙 1．puzzle n. 谜；智力游戏；疑问　vt. 迷惑；使困惑 2．amount n. 金额；数量 3．individual adj. 单独的；个别的　n. 个人 4．chief adj. 最重要的；最高级别的　n. (公司或机构的)首领；酋长 5．Confucius n. 孔子 6．nearby adj. 附近的；邻近的　adv. 在附近 7．mansion n. 公馆；宅第 8．cemetery n. 墓地；公墓 9．kingdom n. 王国；领域 10．gallery n. (艺术作品的)展览馆；画廊 11．currency n. 通货；货币 12．conquer vt. 占领；征服；控制 13．military adj. 军事的；军用的 14．charge n. 收费；指控；主管　vt. 收费；控告；充电 15．courtyard n. 庭院；院子 16．position n. 位置；姿态；职位　vt. 安装；安置 17．approach n. 方法；途径；接近　vt. 接近；接洽；着手处理　vi. 靠近 18．ensure vt. 保证；确保；担保 19．scent n. 气味；气息 20．ancestor n. 祖宗；祖先 21．snack n. 点心；小吃 22．custom n. 风俗；习俗；习惯 23．crowd n. 人群；一群人；民众　vt. 挤满；使……拥挤 24．poet n. 诗人 25．feast n. 盛宴；宴会；节日 26．transition n. 过渡；转变；变迁 27．roll vi.& vt.(使)翻滚；(使)滚动　n. 卷(轴)；翻滚 28．roar vi.& n. 吼叫；咆哮 29．dot n. 点；小(圆)点　vt. 加点；遍布 30．landscape n. (陆上，尤指乡村的)风景 1．(2023·浙江高考1月)If you have individuals (个人) who are not on board, your words probably won't do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged. 2．The custom (习俗) of lighting the Olympic flame goes back centuries. 3．This rewarding activity was indeed a visual feast (盛宴), which provided a platform to enrich our knowledge and arouse our interest in space exploration. 4．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)David stood firmly in his position (位置), ignoring anything around. 5．People celebrate Dragon Boat Festival in memory of Qu Yuan, a Chinese poet (诗人)． 6．The weakened currency (货币) could have damaging effects for the economy. 7．Last but not least, working out every day and having a balanced diet can ensure (确保) your health. 8．As long as you've paid in advance, we won't charge (收费) you for delivery. 9．At present, a considerable amount (数量) of garbage is produced every day. 10．My college entrance exam is approaching (接近) and I will finish my senior courses this June, which also announces the end of this stressful life. 1．philosophy n. 哲学→philosophical adj. 哲学的→philosopher n. 哲学家 2．belong vi. 应在(某处)；适应→belonging n. [U]归属；(pl.)所有物，财产 3．defence n. 防御；保卫→defend v. 防御；保卫→defensive adj. 防御的；保护的 4．legal adj. 法律的；合法的→illegal adj. 不合法的→legally adv. 法律上地；合法地 5．surround vt. 围绕；包围→surrounding adj. 周围的；附近的→surroundings n. 环境 6．evidence n. 证据；证明→evident adj. 明显的，显而易见的 7．achievement n. 成就；成绩；达到→achieve vt. 达到；实现 8．location n. 地方；地点；位置→locate vt. 确定……的准确地点；找出……的位置→located adj. 坐落于；位于 9．fascinating adj. 极有吸引力的；迷人的→fascinate v. 使……入迷，迷住→fascinated adj. 着迷的→fascination n. 着迷；迷恋 10．announce vt. 宣布；通知；声称→announcement n. 宣布；通知→announcer n. 广播员；解说员 11．generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的；丰富的→generosity n. 慷慨；大方→generously adv. 慷慨地；大方地 12．eager adj. 热切的；渴望的→eagerly adv. 热心地；渴望地；急切地→eagerness n. 热心；渴望 13．striking adj. 引人注目的；显著的→strike vt. 打击；攻击；打动　n. 罢工 14．sensory adj. 感觉的；感官的→sense n．& v. 感觉；感知→sensor n. 感应器 1．We must take some defensive measures to defend our country against invasion.(defence) 2．The announcer softly announced the result, but the announcement made me shocked.(announce) 3．It was apparent that the boy was fascinated by her fascinating voice.(fascinate) 4．It is evident that the man will be sentenced to prison with the newly­found evidence．(evident) 5．Although he lives here, all the belongings in the house don't belong to him.(belong) 6．We always dream of having a house surrounded by trees, flowers and grass. If we can live in such beautiful surroundings,__we must be happy every day. As is known, the surrounding things can always have a positive effect on us. (surround) 7．I hold the firm belief that you are bound to achieve your dream of being admitted to a key university, which will give you a wonderful sense of achievement．(achieve) 8．His mother is a generous woman. Her generosity has won great popularity in the neighborhood. (generous) 1　 position [熟义]　n. 位置 [生义]　n. 地位；姿势；职位；名次　v. 安装 ①The social position of each character influences the way they behave to each other. 每个人的社会地位影响他们对待彼此的方式。 ②Make sure that you are working in a comfortable position. 工作时一定要保持舒适的姿势。 ③He is thinking of applying for the position of Chief Editor. 他正在考虑申请主编的职位。 ④She finished the race in third position. 她在比赛中获得了第三名。 ⑤Large television screens were positioned at either end of the stadium. 体育场的两端安装了大型电视屏幕。 2　 crowd [熟义]　v. 挤满；塞满；使……拥挤 [生义]　v. 聚集；蜂拥而至　n. 人群；一群人；民众；一伙人；凡夫俗子 ①Thousands of people have crowded into the small town. 成千上万的人涌入了这个小镇。 ②Police had to break up the crowd. 警方不得不驱散人群。 ③Bob introduced her to some of the usual crowd. 鲍勃把她介绍给常见面的几个朋友。 ④He prefers to be one of the crowd. 他宁愿做个凡夫俗子。 小积累 　　 1.后缀­ness高频名词 ①darkness 黑暗 ②sickness 疾病 ③rudeness 无礼 ④eagerness 渴望，热心 ⑤sadness 悲伤 ⑥happiness 快乐，幸福 ⑦kindness 善良 2．en­前缀和­en后缀改变词性 ①rich→v. enrich 使富裕 ②able→v. enable 使能够 ③sure→v. ensure 确保；担保 ④fright→v. frighten 使惊吓 ⑤short→v. shorten 缩短；使变短 ⑥strength→v. strengthen 加强 3．“除……以外”汇总 ①apart from 除……外(还有/没有) ②aside from 除……外(还有/没有) ③besides 除……外(还有) ④as well as 除……之外(也) ⑤in addition 此外 ⑥in addition to 除……之外(还) 二　语块过关测＋练 1．break__away__(from__sb/sth) 脱离；背叛；逃脱 2．join__...__to__...__ 把……和……连接或联结起来 3．belong__to 属于 4．keep__your__eyes__open__(for) 留心；留意 5．add__to 增加 6．as__well__as 同(一样也)；和；还 7．be__eager__to__do__sth 渴望做某事 8．greet__...__with__...__ 用……打招呼；以某种方式问候 9．be__crowded__with 充满了 10．amount__to 达到；相当于 1．He is considering selling the old house that belongs__to his grandparents and using the money to start a business of his own. 2．You should keep__your__eyes__open__for the traffic signals while driving. 3．The girl broke__away__from her mother and ran away. 4．As__well__as telling interesting stories, the author gave some tips to protect our privacy. 5．Mike is__eager__to stay away from the busy city life for a while. 6．Whenever I met her, she greeted me with a sweet smile. 三　句式迁移练 1．if＋不定代词的省略 【教材原句】So what is the difference between them, if any？[P40] 那么，如果这些名称有区别的话，区别何在？ 【语境体悟】There may be some mistakes in my composition. Please help me point them out, if any. 我的作文可能有一些错误。如果有的话，请帮我指出来。 【迁移创新】I'd say he was more like his father, if__anything. 依我看，如果一定要说他像谁的话，他更像他的父亲。 2．with复合结构 【教材原句】The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.(读后续写之自然风光描写)[P44] “绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。 【语境体悟】 (2023·浙江高考1月)With gas prices rising and airport security lines snaking longer than ever, why not book your next domestic vacation on a train? 随着油价上涨，机场安检线比以往任何时候都长，为什么不预订火车作为您下一次国内旅行的交通方式呢？ 【迁移创新】With__his__heart__pounding,__Frank picked up the shoes, walked towards the woman and handed them to her, uttering, “Lady, you're the one who really needs them.\” 弗兰克心跳加速，拿起鞋子，走向那位女士，将鞋子递给她，说：“女士，你才是真正需要它们的人。” 3．It is＋adj.＋that ... 【教材原句】 With all this beauty, it is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music, dancing, and dining.[P44] 这般美景，自然造就了爱尔兰独特的民间传统，如音乐、舞蹈及菜肴等。 【语境体悟】(2022·浙江高考1月)It is curious that no one has put together a history of both the steam and electric revolutions. 奇怪的是，没有人把蒸汽革命和电力革命的历史放在一起。 【迁移创新】However, it__is__crucial__that we make exercise a regular part of our routines. 然而，至关重要的是，我们要把锻炼作为日常生活的一部分。 Ⅰ　忆课文·语篇理解 The United Kingdom or the UK __1__ (make) up of four countries. They are England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. It has __2__ interesting and long history. Everywhere you go in the country, you will be surrounded __3__ evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history. The Romans, __4__ achievements included building towns and roads, came first in the first century. Then in the fifth century arrived Anglo－Saxons who introduced the beginnings of English language and changed the way people built houses. The Vikings came in the eighth century. They left behind lots of new vocabulary and also the names of many __5__ (location) across the UK. The last group, the Normans, __6__ (conquer) England in the 11th century. They had castles __7__ (build) all around there. The Normans were in fact French, so many French words __8__ (slow) entered into the English language. The UK is a __9__ (fascinate) mix of history and modern culture. If you keep your eyes open, you will be surprised __10__ (find) that you can see both its past and present. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9．________　10.________ 答案：1.is made　2.an　3.by　4.whose　5.locations　6.conquered　7.built　8.slowly　9.fascinating　10．to find Ireland's beautiful countryside has always influenced its people and traditions. In its long history, the country __1__ (produce) many great writers and poets, for its beautiful countryside gives people __2__ (inspire)． The peaceful landscape of the island and its many green __3__ (county) catches the eyes with its rolling green hills __4__ (dot) with sheep and cattle. Down by the sea, one can also hear the roar of the ocean waves __5__ cries of the seabirds.On a quiet morning in the mountains, you can feel the sun on your skin and breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while birds greet the new day __6__ their morning song. With all this beauty, __7__ is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions __8__ include music, dancing, and dining. If you're lucky, you might be able to enjoy some __9__ (tradition) music and dancing there. And if you introduce yourself to a friendly local person, you are very likely __10__ (experience) local culture and customs first－hand. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9．________　10.________ 答案：1.has produced　2.inspiration　3.counties　4.dotted　5.and　6.with　7.it　8.that/which　9.traditional　10.to experience Ⅱ　学思悟·重点突破 1　 surround vt. 围绕；包围(☞surrounding adj. 周围的；附近的☞surroundings n. 环境；周围的事物) 【知识归纳】 surround ... with ... 以……包围…… be surrounded by/with ... 被……环绕/包围 【语用点拨】 在读后续写中可以使用scan the surroundings“扫视周围环境，查看周围情况”，类似的表达还有size up the situation“权衡形势状况”。 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①(2023·浙江高考1月)In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, surrounded (surround) in concentric (同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City. ②No sooner had we arrived where the child was trapped than the man started to scan__the__surroundings (扫视周围环境). ③Classes on traditional Chinese culture are also scheduled, such as paper­cutting, Chinese opera, calligraphy, etc., followed by a gift­exchanging activity. Additionally, you're invited to pay__a__visit__to__surrounding__tourist__attractions (参观周围的景点)．(活动安排) 2　 charge n. 收费；指控；主管　vt. 收费；控告；充电；猛冲(☞charger n. 充电器) 【知识归纳】 (1)free of charge 免费 in charge (of) 负责，主管 in the charge (of) (由……)负责，主管 take charge of 负责，主管 lead the charge 带头冲锋 (2)charge for ... 收取……的费用 charge sb money for sth 因某事/物收某人的费 charge sb with sth＝accuse sb of sth 指控某人某事 【语用点拨】 charge在阅读理解中的一词多义要结合语境进行辨析；在写作中可以使用free of charge或no charge “免费”替换free。 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The shop owner charged me nothing for the noodles and I felt a wave of warmth and gratitude welling up within me. (读后续写之情感描写) ②(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Failure to provide enough chaperones (监护人) will result in an extra charge of $50 per absent adult. ③These words were like a booster giving me the very strength that I needed badly at that moment, so I gritted my teeth and charged (charge) forward. ④I'm Li Hua, a student in__charge__of/taking__charge__of (负责) the new program launched in the broadcasting station of our school. 3　amount n. 金额；数量　v. 总计，相当于 【知识归纳】 (1)the amount of ……的数量 a small/large/huge/substantial amount of＋n. [U]＋v.单数 small/large/huge/substantial amounts of＋n. [U]＋v.复数 (2)amount to 达到；合计；相当于；等于；意味着 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①(2022·天津高考)To be successful in college you'll need to learn how to integrate large amounts (amount) of information obtained through reading, do research, and write papers. ②Keeping what belongs to another amounts to stealing (steal)． ③We were overjoyed to receive__a__substantial__amount__of__money (收到一大笔钱), enough to bring us through that desperate time. ④滴水之恩当涌泉相报。(读后续写之主旨句) A little bit of kindness will__be__rewarded__with__a__huge__amount__of__benefit. 4　 approach n. 方法；途径；接近　vt. 接近；接洽；着手处理　vi. 靠近 【知识归纳】 (1)(an) approach to (doing) sth (做)某事的方法/途径；……的通道/入口 (2)approach sb/sth 靠近/接近某人/某物 【名师点津】“做……的方法”多样性表达： an approach to (doing) sth; the method of (doing) sth; the way to do/of doing sth; the means of (doing) sth。 【语用点拨】 with ... approaching在应用文写作中常用于节日或活动的临近；在读后续写之动作描写中，常用approach sb/sth表示“接近/靠近某人/某物”。 【语境运用】单句语法填空/同义句转换/完成句子/翻译 ①But the next moment, what greeted her was her dear Papa's worried shout for her name and the approaching (approach) footsteps, which immediately stirred up Rani's emotions. (读后续写之细节描写) ②With the approach of the Asian Games, The National Fitness Program is proceeding with full vigor. →With__the__Asian__Games__approaching,__The National Fitness Program is proceeding with full vigor. ③当她走近他打招呼时，他没有反应。 When__she__approached__him__and__said__hello,__he did not react. ④(2024·九省联考)In a Scottish primary school, however, Mr. Norman Lewis is taking a different approach. 然而，在苏格兰的一所小学里，诺曼·刘易斯采取了一种不同的方法。 5　 eager adj. 热切的；渴望的(☞eagerly adv. 热心地；急切地☞eagerness n. 热切；渴望) 【知识归纳】 (1)be eager to do sth 渴望做某事 be eager for sth 渴望得到某物 (2)eagerly＝with eagerness 热心地；急切地 (3)hide one's eagerness 掩饰某人的渴望 【语用点拨】 eager是读后续写中表达情绪的形容词，可以根据语境灵活运用各种搭配，比如eagerly＝with eagerness; hide one's eagerness等。 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to__try (try) something new. ②Seized by the increasing eagerness (eager) to contact his grandmother, he wolfed down/pigged out his supper once it was ready. (读后续写之动作描写) ③Picturing my families eagerly (eager) waiting for my performance, I worked day and night as busy as a bee for fear that I would make a fool of myself live on TV.(读后续写之情绪描写) ④听说你渴望了解更多的中国习俗，我很高兴写信告诉你一些相关的信息。(应用文写作之告知信) Hearing that you are__eager__to__know__more__about__Chinese__custom,__I'm rather pleased and writing to inform you of some relevant information. 6　 roll vi.& vt.(使)翻滚；(使)滚动　n. 卷(轴)；翻滚(☞rolling adj. 起伏的☞roller n. 巨浪；滚筒) 【知识归纳】 (1)roll down one's cheeks 滑落脸颊 roll one's eyes 翻白眼(表示不屑) roll up one's sleeves 卷起袖子 roll out 推广 (2)a roll of toilet paper 一卷卫生纸 the honor roll/the school roll 光荣榜/点名册 chicken rolls 鸡肉卷 (3)rolling hills 连绵起伏的山 (4)roller coaster 过山车 【语用点拨】 roll是读后续写中的常用写作词汇，在动作描写中可以用roll sth “卷起某物”，在情绪描写中可以用tears roll down one's cheeks “泪水滑落脸颊”。 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子/翻译 ①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide. ②(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)There you will find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are__pressed__by__hand__rather__than__rolled (用手压的而不是擀出来的). ③Before I continued, he rolled__his__eyes (翻白眼), slammed the door and walked away. ④When the driver, Mark, pulled up to John, he rolled__down__the__window (摇下车窗) and asked why he was all alone in the morning on the road. ⑤One afternoon, in the little town where I then lived, I was walking my dog when he began to behave strangely, rolling wildly on the ground. 一天下午，在我当时住的小镇上，我正在遛狗，突然它开始表现得很奇怪，疯狂地在地上打滚。 7　if条件状语从句的省略形式 【知识归纳】 if any (如果有的话)是一个省略句，相当于if (there is/are) any ... if not 如果不是这样的话 if so 如果是这样的话 if ever 如果曾有的话 if necessary 如果有必要的话 if possible 如果可能的话 【语境运用】同义句转换/完成句子 ①If it is necessary, our school will provide the students with the language training courses. →If__necessary,__our school will provide the students with the language training courses. ②如果你方便的话，我们早上8点30分在校门外会合。如果不方便，让我知道你什么时候最适合。 If it's convenient for you, let's meet at 8：30 am outside the school gate. If__not,__let__me__ know__what__time__suits__you__best. 8　with复合结构 【知识归纳】 with复合结构在句中作状语和定语，其结构为： (1)with＋宾语＋介词短语/形容词/副词 (2)with＋宾语＋doing表示主动或进行 (3)with＋宾语＋done表示被动或完成 (4)with＋宾语＋to do表示将来的动作 【名师点津】with复合结构是英语中的重点句型结构，在语法填空中经常作为命题点考查；它也是写作中的高级表达句型，特别是在读后续写中有着非常广泛的应用。 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①With so many problems to__settle (settle), the newly－elected president is having a hard year. ②(2024·九省联考)There was Maya at the edge of the tank with__a__comb__in__her__mouth (嘴里叼着梳子) waiting for her treat. ③Frozen with fear, Mia stood in front of the class, with__her__hands__holding__her__paper (手里拿着试卷), shaking. ④With__my__heart__just__about__pounding__out__of__my__body (心要跳出我的身体), I called up the president of Global Television. Ⅲ　语基过关检测 维度一　单句语法填空 1．With all the preparations made (make), he jumped with joy, his eyes glittering with excitement.(读后续写之心理描写) 2．The person I respect most is my head teacher, who always offers us different approaches to handling (handle) our difficulties. 3．Our head teacher as well as five student representatives was__invited (invite) to deliver a speech at yesterday's coming­of­age ceremony. 4．Surrounded (surround) by green mountains and beautiful lakes, the village takes on a nice look, with neat plants and furnished houses. 5．It was tiring work, but I looked forward to the pay, even though I wasn't sure how much it would amount to． 6．To be honest, I sometimes feel puzzled (puzzle) about my future career. 7．Paper cutting has a history of over 1，500 years, which belongs to traditional art in China. 8．Now that they have made great achievements, they are looking forward to the celebration eagerly (eager)． 9．When I woke up next morning, I found the ground was covered with fallen (fall) leaves. 10．Without your generosity (generous) and inspiration, I would not have made such striking progress. 维度二　语篇练习 根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。 Peking Opera has a history of more than 200 years. In the 55th year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, four big opera troupes (班子) from Anhui Province entered the capital, combining Anhui Opera with Kunqu Opera，Yiyang Opera, Hubei Opera ①and (升级本单元词汇：as__well__as) Luantan to create ②what__we__now__know (我们现在知道的) as Peking Opera. Over a period of more than half a century of ③transition (转变) of various kinds of opera, there gradually developed the present Peking Opera. It is the largest form of all operas in China, and it has a rich collection of works and a large number of famous artists that make it have a great influence on China. The ④fascinating (吸引人的) play shares a large role in preserving Chinese culture for new ⑤generations (升级本单元词汇：descendants)． Since Mei Lanfang, the grand master of Peking Opera, visited Japan in 1919, Peking Opera has become more and more popular with people ⑥all__over__the__world (世界各地). It has made a ⑦distinguished (distinguish) contribution to cultural exchange between China and the West. Nowadays, you can catch travelling troupes of Peking Opera performers in many international cities and local Chinatowns. Ⅳ　读写用·素养提升 维度一　一词多义/熟词生义 (一)根据语境选出加黑词charge的含义 A．n. 费用，价钱　B．n. 主管，负责　C．v. 收费 D．v. 充电　E．v. 控告　F．v. 进攻；向……冲　G．n. 指控，罪名 1．(2023·全国甲卷)So, it's been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I've moved out. ________ 2．(2020·浙江高考)The helicopter landed near our camp and its loud noises scared the bear. He looked irritated and charged at us again. ________ 3．(2023·全国甲卷)Though DIY has traditionally been seen as male hobby, the research shows it is women now leading the charge. ________ 4．Police dropped the charges against him because of insufficient evidence. ________ 5．You don't have to charge your mobile phone all night. ________ 6．The restaurant only charged me $40 for wine. ________ 7．She is charged with murdering her husband. ________ 答案：1.A　2.F　3.B　4.G　5.D　6.C　7.E (二)根据语境写出加黑词的含义 1．It was his custom to approach every problem cautiously.习惯 2．(2021·全国甲卷)Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.安置；把……放在适当位置 维度二　构词法 (2023·全国甲卷)The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. 动词转名词：名词可以转化为动词使用，同样，一些动词也可以当名词使用。read常用作动词，表示阅读，此处read作名词，意为：读书；阅读。 维度三　长难句分析 (2023·全国乙卷)Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes. 一划主干：I__find__distinctive__character。 二括修饰：Although引导让步状语从句，either farm fields or highways作landscapes的同位语。 三会意：尽管中西部地区的景观往往很相似，要么是农田，要么是公路，但我有时会在山丘或湖泊中发现独特的风貌。 维度四　写作提能 完成句子/一句多译/翻译 1．这项有意义的活动确实是一场视觉盛宴，它提供了一个平台来丰富我们的知识，激发我们对太空探索的兴趣。(活动意义) This__rewarding__activity__was__indeed__a__visual__feast,__which provided/offered a platform to enrich our knowledge and arouse our interest in space exploration. 2．你为我做了这一切，真是慷慨，我对你的感激之情难以言表。(应用文写作之感谢信) It's__generous__of__you to do all of this for me, and I do appreciate it more than I can say. (generous) 3．教师节临近，我们班决定举行聚会来庆祝这重要的一天。 As__Teacher's__Day__was__approaching,__our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day. (as从句) 4．风呼啸着，雨水敲打着屋顶和窗户。(读后续写之环境描写) The__wind__roared and the rain beat on the roof and windows. (并列句) ＝The__wind__roaring,__the rain beat on the roof and windows. (独立主格) ＝With__the__wind__roaring,__the rain beat on the roof and windows.(with复合结构) 5．Surround yourself with uplifted individuals who challenge you to be better while loving you for who you are. 让自己周围充满振奋的人，他们向你挑战，让你变得更好；同时因为你本身而喜欢你。 课时作业 Ⅰ.阅读 A (2024·吉林省长春市第二中学高三月考)What's the first thing that pops into your mind when you think of wheat straw? Most people would probably just see it as a pile of waste in a farmer's field. However, Wu Cui, an intangible cultural inheritor, can turn the straw left over from harvested wheat into beautiful and eye­catching functional artworks. The earliest straw­weaving (草编的) products were discovered at Hemudu Cultural Ruins, a Neolithic cultural site located in eastern China's Zhejiang Province. The Book of Rites, one of the classical works of Confucianism, also records that there were already mats made of cattail grass and professional straw­weaving craftsmen during the Zhou Dynasty (11th century－256 BC)． 　Straw weaving is a method of manufacturing daily items or artworks. It was listed as a national intangible cultural heritage in 2008. Wu explains the process of straw weaving: selection of materials is the first step of a complicated, time­consuming and labor­intensive process that can take weeks, or even months, to complete. You need to sketch (素描) the piece on paper, which requires drawing skills. Next comes weaving, shaping and preserving of the work. Even by finishing that process, it does not mean that you will always create a good piece of work, and the hardest part is to make it vivid. 　In the past, woven straw items could be found almost in every household in the countryside, such as straw hats and straw shoes, because they were practical in everyday life. But due to the impact of industrialization, manufactured goods have replaced such products, which produce low profits, and there are only about 100 individuals engaging in the work across the country. “The world has changed, and craftsmen need to transcend practicality and seek the beauty and artistry of straw culture to help the craft survive and develop，” Wu says. As far as she is concerned, straw weaving should respond to people's needs and preferences, while still drawing inspiration from traditional culture. “Craftspeople should make a great effort to grasp the trends and opportunities of the times to create new and relevant products，” she says. When asked about her plans, Wu says she wants to dig deeper into local traditional culture and create cultural creative products by developing the straw­weaving technique. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了草编的起源、编织过程、现状以及未来发展的方向。 1．What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about straw­weaving products? A．Their major uses. B．Their cultural value. C．Their historic origins. D．Their manufacturing process. 答案：C　段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，草编历史悠久，可以追溯到新石器时代，到周代有了专业的草编工匠。由此可知，本段主要介绍了草编产品的历史渊源。故选C。 2．Which is the most difficult part for straw­weaving craftsmen according to Wu Cui? A．Making the artworks lifelike. B．Drawing sketches on paper. C．Selecting suitable materials. D．Preserving finished products. 答案：A　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Even by finishing that process ... is to make it vivid.”可知，吴翠认为草编技艺最难的地方在于让作品变得栩栩如生。故选A。 3．What does the underlined word “transcend” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Rely on. B．Turn to. C．Throw away. D．Go beyond. 答案：D　词义猜测题。根据第五段中的“In the past ... in everyday life.”和“need to transcend practicality ... the craft survive and develop”可知，过去匠人追求实用性，但是现在的社会需要追求美和艺术性。由此可推知，匠人要超越实用性，transcend意为“超越”，与go beyond意思相近。故选D。 4．What can we learn from Wu Cui's opinion according to the last paragraph? A．Straw­weaving products are out of favor with customers. B．Seeking fashion should be the first task for craftspeople. C．Local people benefit a lot from the straw­weaving techniques. D．Craftsmen should create the craft based on traditional culture. 答案：D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“As far as she is concerned ... from traditional culture.”可知，吴翠认为从传统文化中汲取灵感很重要。由此可推知，匠人应该立足于传统文化来创造草编产品。故选D。 B (2024·河南省焦作市第一中学高三期中考试)In 1879, an 8­year­old girl made a discovery that would rock our understanding of human history. On the walls of Altamira cave in northern Spain, she spotted amazing drawings of wild cows, painted in vivid red and black. More striking even than the images was their age: they were made thousands of years ago by modern humans' supposedly primitive ancestors. Today, nearly 400 caves across Europe have been found decorated with hand stencils (模板), strange symbols and beautiful images of animals created by these skillful artists. The discoveries led to the view that artistic talent arose after modern humans arrived in the region some 40，000 years ago, as part of a “cultural explosion” reflecting a flowering of the human mind. But more recent evidence has blown this idea out of the water. For a start, modern humans might not have been the first artists in Europe. What's more, a collection of cave paintings emerging in Indonesia has dismissed the idea that Europe was the centre of creativity. 　Local people have long known that the caves of the island of Sulawesi, Indonesia, contain many painted images. Modern humans are thought to have reached the region some 65，000 years ago, but nobody imagined the art could be very old because ancient paintings seem unlikely to survive in the environment of high temperatures. A team of researchers led by Maxime Aubert, now at Griffith University in Australia, upended this idea using a technique that is shifting our understanding of cave art. Using this technique in seven caves, they found a hand stencil was at least 39，900 years old, making it the oldest known hand stencil at that time. This opened a floodgate to new discoveries in Indonesia. These included a hunting scene created at least 43，900 years ago, and by far the oldest descriptive artwork. “When we found that image, we were absolutely delighted, but when it turned out to be that old, we were almost jumping with joy，” says Adam Brumm, also at Griffith University. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要是通过人们的发现和专家们的研究，探索古老的洞穴壁画艺术的悠久的历史。 5．What did the girl find in the cave? A．Wild animals. B．Ancient images. C．Painting techniques. D．Recording artists. 答案：B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“On the walls of Altamira cave ... primitive ancestors.(在西班牙北部Altamira洞穴的墙壁上，她发现了用鲜艳的红色和黑色绘制的野生奶牛的惊人画作。比这些图像更引人注目的是它们的年代：它们是由现代人的原始祖先在几千年前制作的。)”可知，这个女孩在洞穴发现了古老的图像。故选B。 6．What was a misunderstanding removed by recent evidence about the cave art? A．It can be traced back to Europe. B．It reflected the flowering of human minds. C．Modern humans led to its rise in Indonesia. D．Modern humans might not have been real artists. 答案：A　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“For a start ... the centre of creativity.(首先，现代人可能不是欧洲最早的艺术家，更重要的是，在印度尼西亚发现的一组洞穴壁画反驳了欧洲是创造力中心的观点。)”可推知，“洞穴艺术可以追溯到欧洲”这一想法是一种误解。故选A。 7．What does the underlined word “upended” mean in Paragraph 3? A．Proved. B．Strengthened. C．Overturned. D．Overemphasized. 答案：C　词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Modern humans ... high temperatures.”和“Using this technique ... at that time.”可知，通过使用这种技术，人们发现了留存下来的古老的艺术品，改变了最初的想法；结合画线词所在句中的“using a technique that is shifting our understanding of cave art”可推知，使用这项技术颠覆了之前的想法。因此，upended意为“颠覆；推翻”。故选C。 8．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．The amazing discoveries. B．The researchers' expectations. C．The benefits of the technique. D．The description of the cave art. 答案：A　段落大意题。根据最后一段中的“This opened a floodgate to new discoveries ... the oldest descriptive artwork.”可知，最后一段主要谈论在印度尼西亚发现的这些令人惊叹的艺术品。故选A。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2024·河南省洛阳市第一高级中学高三月考)“We're celebrating Canada's birthday today，” Mom said. “Whose？” __1__， my sister, Sonya, followed Mom into the kitchen as she heard such an __2__． My mom wasn't a __3__ of Canada—she immigrated from England—but she always wanted us to __4__ Canadian customs and cultures. She looked for ways to teach us about Canada. During our early years, when money was tight, Mom kept our lessons __5__ but fun. However, this year, she was trying something new: __6__ a cake. This is silly, said my sister when Mom __7__ we were indeed making a birthday cake for Canada. But when she positioned several bowls of icing (糖霜) on the table, along with photographs of Canadian __8__ and landmarks, Sonya quickly __9__ her tune. “I like this，” said Sonya, grabbing a(n) __10__ of a beaver biting on a tree. I chose the Canadian flag. When we were done, a wonderful design __11__. The fact that Sonya's beaver looked more like dog __12__ a bone and my Canadian flag was pink __13__. We were proud of our __14__， and so was Mom. We made many birthday cakes for Canada when we were kids. Each cake was __15__， but one ingredient was the same: Mom, a woman who helped us enjoy our Canadian heritage. 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和妹妹在妈妈的带领下，为加拿大做生日蛋糕装饰的故事。 1．A.Anxious B．Seared C．Confused D．Sorrowful 答案：C　anxious 焦虑的；seared 枯萎的；confused 困惑的；sorrowful 悲伤的。根据前文“Whose？”可知，妹妹对妈妈的话感到困惑。故选C。 2．A.answer B．appointment C．alternative D．announcement 答案：D　answer 回答；appointment 任命；alternative 选择；announcement 通知。根据前文“‘We're celebrating Canada's birthday today，’ Mom said.”可知，此处指妈妈说要给加拿大庆祝生日的通知。故选D。 3．A.native B．citizen C．admirer D．scholar 答案：A　native 本地人；citizen 市民；admirer 爱慕者；scholar 学者。根据后文“she immigrated from England”可知，妈妈不是加拿大本地人。故选A。 4．A.assess B．appreciate C．memorize D．judge 答案：B　assess 评估；appreciate 欣赏；memorize 记忆；judge 判断。根据后文“Mom, a woman who helped us enjoy our Canadian heritage”可知，妈妈希望他们欣赏加拿大的习俗和文化。故选B。 5．A.valuable B．strange C．simple D．unique 答案：C　valuable 有价值的；strange 奇怪的；simple 简单的；unique 独特的。根据前文“During our early years, when money was tight”以及后文“but fun”可知，家里经济拮据，所以妈妈的课程设置得简单而有趣。故选C。 6．A.decorating B．purchasing C．labeling D．delivering 答案：A　decorate 装饰；purchase 购买；label 贴标签；deliver 递送。根据后文“of a beaver biting on a tree. I chose the Canadian flag”可知，作者和妹妹在装饰蛋糕。故选A。 7．A.permitted B．confirmed C．explained D．informed 答案：B　permit 允许；confirm 确认；explain 解释；inform 通知。根据后文“we were indeed making a birthday cake for Canada”以及前文“Whose？”可知，妈妈确认是给加拿大做生日蛋糕。故选B。 8．A.signals B．signs C．symbols D．gestures 答案：C　signal 信号；sign 标志；symbol 象征；gesture 姿势。根据前文“along with photographs of Canadian”可知，妈妈拿出了加拿大的象征和地标的照片。故选C。 9．A.tested B．avoided C．played D．changed 答案：D　test 测试；avoid 避免；play 玩耍；change 改变。根据前文“This is silly”以及后文“‘I like this，’ said Sonya”可知，妹妹从一开始说这个主意愚蠢到后面说喜欢这个主意，说明她改变了语气。故选D。 10．A.statue B．record C．note D．image 答案：D　statue 雕像；record 记录；note 笔记；image 图片。根据上文“along with photographs of Canadian”可知，此处指一张海狸咬树的照片。故选D。 11．A.faded B．emerged C．ended D．altered 答案：B　fade 褪色；emerge 出现；end 结束；alter 改变。根据后文“The fact that Sonya's beaver looked more like dog __12__ a bone and my Canadian flag was pink __13__．”可知，Sonya (桑娅)的海狸看起来更像是狗在啃骨头，作者的加拿大国旗是粉红色的，此处指奇妙的设计出现了。故选B。 12．A.chewing at B．grabbing for C．holding on D．breaking up 答案：A　chew at 咀嚼；啃；grab for 抓住；hold on 坚持；break up 打破。根据后文“a bone”可知，此处指狗啃骨头。故选A。 13．A.came into existence B．made no sense C．made no difference D．came to light 答案：C　come into existence 存在；make no sense 无意义；make no difference 没有任何影响；come to light 显露；为人所知。根据后文“We were proud of our”可知，他们为自己的创作感到骄傲，说明虽然海狸和作者的国旗都做得不好，但是没有什么影响。故选C。 14．A.potential B．creation C．behavior D．inspiration 答案：B　potential 潜能；creation 创作；behavior 行为；inspiration 鼓舞。根据前文“When we were done”可知，他们为他们的创作感到自豪。故选B。 15．A.ordinary B．familiar C．similar D．different 答案：D　ordinary 普通的；familiar 熟悉的；similar 相似的；different 不同的。根据后文“but one ingredient was the same”可知，虽然每个蛋糕都不一样，但有一种成分是相同的。故选D。 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$