Unit 3 The art of painting 单元限时小卷-【高中必刷题】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第一册同步课件（译林版2020）

03 单元限时小卷 建议用时：58分钟 1 [江苏常州高级中学2024高二期中] Expecting the worst to avoid feeling bad later is known as “bracing”. It may help people prepare for emotionally challenging situations, particularly in the moments before these situations occur. People brace for the worst while waiting for potentially negative outcomes. Someone might also brace for the worst in anticipation of stressful events like giving a presentation at work. Some psychological theories suggest that bracing should help. For example, “decision affect theory” proposes that how we feel about a situation is determined partly by comparing what actually happened with what could have happened. Based on this, people should be happy when an event goes beyond their expectations, and disappointed when an event falls behind. Therefore, by anticipating the worst, one can safeguard themselves against future disappointment, as any result is likely to surpass their expectations. But other psychological theories undermine the idea that bracing will be helpful. It has been theorised—and scientifically established—that expectations can powerfully influence reality. There are two key ways that expectations can shape reality. 刷阅读理解 2 First, people may behave in ways that fit with their expectations. If you expect to fail an upcoming test or interview, then you might not invest efforts in preparation, which in turn reduces your chances of doing well. Second, people may interpret a situation in line with their expectations. Imagine you believe you are insufficiently qualified for a job you’ve applied for. During the job interview, you’re likely to interpret blank expressions from the interviewer in line with this belief, which could negatively affect your performance. In fact, the interviewer did not want to give anything away. Drawing together the scientific studies, it seems that expecting the worst is anything but a wise way to prepare for upcoming news or results. It might be better to hold positive expectations than to brace for the worst. 刷阅读理解 3 【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了人们针对未来可能发生的负面情况进行预期的行为，即“做最坏打算”的心理学概念，探讨了相关的理论和研究，作者认为持有积极的期望可能比预期最坏情况更加有益。 1.What is the second paragraph mainly about?( ) A A.The logic of preparing for the worst. B.The theory of comparing the past and the future. C.The conflict between people’s expectation and reality. D.The emotions hidden behind anticipating the worst. 解析 主旨大意题。通读第二段可知，一些心理学理论认为，为坏事做准备应该有所帮助，以“决策影响理论”为例，我们对一种情况的感受在一定程度上是由实际发生的事情与可能发生的事情的比较决定的。当一件事超出预期时，人们会感到高兴；当一件事低于预期时，人们可能会感到失望。由此可知，第二段主要讲的是做最坏打算的逻辑。故选A项。 刷阅读理解 4 2.What does the underlined word “undermine” in Paragraph 3 mean?( ) C A.Strengthen. B.Determine. C.Oppose. D.Justify. 解析 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的Some psychological theories suggest that bracing should help.及第三段中的But和It has been theorised—and scientifically established—that expectations can powerfully influence reality.可推断出此处表示意思的转折，即其他心理学理论颠覆了这种看法，故可猜测undermine的意思是“逐渐削弱；暗中破坏”，与oppose意思相近。故选C项。 刷阅读理解 5 3.How can negative expectations probably affect people’s performance in reality?( ) D A.By resulting in unnecessary time waste. B.By promoting people’s ambition and motivation. C.By giving weight to people’s potential of excellence. D.By causing less preparation and some misinterpretations. 解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的 then you might not invest efforts in preparation, which in turn reduces your chances of doing well及you’re likely to interpret blank expressions… which could negatively affect your performance可知，消极预期通过减少准备行为和造成一些误解来影响人们在现实中的表现。故选D项。 刷阅读理解 6 4.What is the author’s attitude towards bracing for the worst?( ) C A.Unclear. B.Objective. C.Negative. D.Approving. 解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推知，作者认为做最坏的打算不如保持积极的预期，故作者对做最坏的打算持反对态度。故选C项。 刷阅读理解 7 [福建师大附中2024高二期中] Have you ever had a staring contest? It can be difficult to keep your eyes open for long periods of time because of the natural tendency to blink. But why do we need to blink? There are two main reasons. First, blinking clears away dust from the eyes. 1. . It might be under the eyelid or something that blew in. Second, blinking lubricates （使润滑） the eyeballs. The eyes need a smooth surface for light to properly focus on, so vision becomes clear. Blinking releases a tear film which mostly consists of water, oil and mucus （黏液） to keep the surface of the eyeball smooth. 2. . The tear film also supplies oxygen to the eye. Blood vessels （血管） don’t reach the cornea （角膜）, but the tear film directly transfers oxygen to it. B A 刷7选5 8 Blinking happens naturally. It takes the average person 400 milliseconds to blink. Most people blink somewhere between 10 and 20 times per minute, usually around 15 or 16 times. 3. . For example, you may blink more frequently if there’s something in your eye. Certain conditions can make it feel like there’s something in your eye, which makes you blink more. Some people have habitual involuntary movements that lead them to blink frequently. 4. . If you have uncorrected vision problems, you may blink more often because your eyes are naturally trying to correct the unclear vision. If there is damage to the facial nerve, which is responsible for closing the eyelid, a person may blink more slowly or less often. Tiredness and some medications can cause a similar effect. 5. . For example, when reading, people tend to blink at the end of a sentence rather than in the middle. F C G 刷7选5 9 A.It also prevents the eyes from drying out. B.If there’s a foreign body, it helps get rid of it. C.And stress and anxiety can make you blink more, too. D.Blinking more often than needed can give brain extra stress. E.Pinkeye and other types of infection can also cause damage to eyes. F.However, there are some circumstances that make people blink more or less often. G.Focusing on something like watching a movie, you may blink less to strengthen your focus. 刷7选5 10 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们为什么眨眼以及不同情况下人们眨眼频率的变化。 1.___ B 解析 根据空前一句和下文的It might be under the eyelid or something that blew in.可知，此处应提到It指代的内容，前文提到眨眼可以清除眼睛里的灰尘，B项（如果有异物，眨眼有助于将其清除）也是眨眼的作用之一，其中的a foreign body即为后面It所指的内容。故选B项。 2.___ A 解析 根据上文的Second, blinking lubricates the eyeballs.及Blinking releases a tear film which mostly consists of water, oil and mucus to keep the surface of the eyeball smooth.可知，眨眼可以释放泪膜，润滑眼球。因此，A项（它还可以防止眼睛干涩）符合语境，其中It指代上文的Blinking。 刷7选5 11 3.___ F 解析 根据上文内容可知，本段主要介绍眨眼的频率，大多数人每分钟眨眼10到20次，通常为15或16次左右。再根据后文的例子可知，有时眨眼更频繁，有时次数会减少，故F项（不过，在某些情况下，人们的眨眼次数会增加或减少）符合语境。 4.___ C 解析 根据上文的Some people have habitual involuntary movements that lead them to blink frequently.可知，此处介绍有的人习惯性频繁眨眼睛，再结合下文的If you have uncorrected vision problems, you may blink more often介绍了另一种人们眨眼次数会增加的情况可知，C项（压力和焦虑也会让你眨眼更频繁）符合语境，其中 blink more与上文的blink frequently和下文的blink more often相呼应。 刷7选5 12 5.___ G 解析 根据下文的For example, when reading, people tend to blink at the end of a sentence rather than in the middle.可知，设空处应是针对该例子的观点，G项（专注于某件事时，如看电影，你可能会减少眨眼次数来加强注意力）符合所举例子的内容。故选G项。 刷7选5 13 【方法总结】利用例证关系解题 例证关系表示前后的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样性，思维过程基本是归纳（从例子到观点）和演绎（从观点到例子）。常见的表示例证关系的标志词有：for example、for instance、in fact/as a matter of fact、actually、in other words/that is to say等。 刷7选5 [广东东莞2023高二期中] Adventure is in my blood. And I had been considering how I was going to celebrate my high school graduation. I didn’t just want a small . .1. . in the backyard. I started thinking about doing a solo . .2. . somewhere out of the ordinary. I took out the map and drew a 1,500-mile . .3. . along which I would be . .4. . from the northernmost point in Norway to the southernmost section of Sweden. When I . .5. . my plan with my dad, he . .6. . as I thought he would. Because I get my adventurous . .7. . from him, he was all for it. I had only been away from my home for three days, but there was an inner . .8. . going on. Part of me was homesick and doubting whether I really could . .9. . it. The other part of me was ready to . .10. . to myself and my family that I could do it by myself. On the road, I met another bicyclist who was quite a bit older than I was. He started his journey alone by bike at the southern part of Norway and at last finished. I could tell he had a great sense of . .11. ..It encouraged me not to . .12. .. 刷完形填空 15 As I listened to my favourite artists on my MP4 player, I pedalled with my feet. There was nobody around me for miles. . .13. ., that wasn’t entirely true. There were mosquitoes, millions of them. My arms were so dotted with . .14. . that they looked like a topographical （地形的） map. But however . .15. . it would be, nothing could stop my advance on the destination. As you know, adventure is in my blood. 刷完形填空 16 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者只身一人骑车冒险来庆祝自己高中毕业的故事。虽然一路艰辛，但是他没有放弃。 1.( ) A.meeting B.party C.conversation D.game B 解析 句意为：我不只是想在后院开个小的派对。根据上文And I had been considering how I was going to celebrate my high school graduation.可知，作者一直在考虑该如何庆祝高中毕业，结合常识可知，庆祝高中毕业的方式通常包含举办聚会。故选B项。 2.( ) A.trip B.flight C.interview D.performance A 解析 句意为：我开始考虑去一个不同寻常的地方单独旅行。根据上文Adventure is in my blood.可知，作者很喜欢冒险，故可能会通过旅行来庆祝毕业。故选A项。 3.( ) A.route B.magazine C.instruction D.newspaper A 解析 句意为：我拿出地图，画了一条1,500英里（约2,415千米）长的路线，我将沿着这条路线从挪威的最北端骑到瑞典的最南端。根据下文from the northernmost point in Norway to the southernmost section of Sweden可知，作者拿出地图绘制了自己的旅行路线。故选A项。 刷完形填空 17 4.( ) A.flying B.cycling C.running D.walking B 解析 根据下文On the road, I met another bicyclist who was quite a bit older than I was.可知，作者是骑车旅行。故选B项。 5.( ) A.shared B.changed C.prepared D.compared A 解析 句意为：当我和我父亲分享我的计划时，他同意了，就像我想的那样。根据下文with my dad和he was all for it可知，作者把旅行计划告诉了自己的父亲，即和父亲分享了他的旅行计划。故选A项。 6.( ) A.left B.cried C.sighed D.agreed D 解析 根据下文he was all for it可知，作者的父亲完全支持他的旅行计划。故选D项。 7.( ) A.story B.skill C.spirit D.hobby C 解析 句意为：因为我的冒险精神遗传自他，所以他完全支持。根据上文Adventure is in my blood.可知，作者天生对冒险充满热爱，即他富有冒险精神。故选C项。 刷完形填空 18 8.( ) A.discussion B.activity C.request D.battle D 解析 句意为：我离开家才三天，但内心却在进行一场斗争。根据下文Part of me was homesick and doubting 和The other part of me was ready 可知，作者的内心在作斗争，对是否继续自己的冒险之旅有点犹豫。故选D项。 9.( ) A.get B.put C.make D.take C 解析 根据上文语境和下文I could do it by myself可知，此处表示作者的内心在挣扎，一方面怀疑自己是否能够完成冒险之旅，另一方面又相信自己能做到。make it表示“成功；做到”。故选C项。 10.( ) A.attend B.adapt C.prove D.reply C 解析 句意为：另一方面我准备向自己和家人证明，我自己能做到。根据下文I could do it by myself可知，虽然作者对自己有所怀疑，但是又想证明自己可以完成冒险之旅。故选C项。 刷完形填空 19 12.( ) A.speed up B.give up C.calm down D.break down B 解析 根据下文As I listened to my favourite artists on my MP4 player, I pedalled with my feet.可知，作者从另一位骑行者的故事中受到鼓舞之后没有放弃，继续了他的冒险之旅。故选B项。 11.( ) A.satisfaction B.direction C.balance D.humour A 解析 句意为：我可以看出他有一种极大的满足感。根据下文It encouraged me not to .可知，另一个骑行的人应该是取得了满意的结果，所以令作者受到鼓舞。故选A项。 刷完形填空 20 13.( ) A.Firstly B.Actually C.Eventually D.Fortunately B 14.( ) A.cuts B.bites C.dots D.wounds B 解析 句意为：我的手臂上布满了咬痕，看起来就像是一张地形图。 根据上文There were mosquitoes, millions of them.可知，作者的手臂被蚊子咬了。故选B项。 15.( ) A.boring B.confusing C.appealing D.challenging D 解析 句意为：但无论这多么具有挑战性，没有什么能阻止我向目的地前进。根据上文but there was an inner ____ going on和There were mosquitoes, millions of them.可知，作者的骑行之路具有挑战性。故选D项。 解析 根据上文There was nobody around me for miles.和下文There were mosquitoes, millions of them.可知，作者在说了自己周围几英里都没有人之后意识到自己说的不完全正确，实际上自己周围还有蚊子。故选B项。 刷完形填空 21 [湖北华师一附中2023高二期中] China will build the world’s largest national park system, said Li Chunliang, deputy head of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, at a news conference on Sept 19, 2022. “The system 1. . （expect） to be built with the largest scale of protection, the 2. . （diverse） geographical features and the highest conservation value in the world,” China Daily reported. Unlike some world-famous national parks which are uninhabited （无人居住的）, national parks and nature reserves in China are home 3. . a large number of human residents.“We will encourage the local residents around the parks 4. . （participate） in environmental protection, nature education and ecotourism services. That 5. . （give） them real benefits and enhance their sense of the national parks 6. . （belong） to the people,” Li said. is expected most diverse to to participate will give belonging 刷语法填空 22 As such, the country’s 7. . （protect） areas are intended to “protect not only the ecosystem but also 8. . （culture） relics within each region; and serve as ecological demonstration zones 9. . humans and nature coexist harmoniously and economic development doesn’t come at 10. . expense of biodiversity”, noted China Daily. protected cultural where the 刷语法填空 23 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国将要建造世界最大的国家公园体系，不仅要保护自然生态环境和地理特征，还要保护各地区的文化遗迹，建成人类与自然和谐共处的生态示范区。 1.___________ is expected 解析 句意为：《中国日报》报道称，该体系预计将按照“建立全世界保护规模最大、地理特征最多样、保护价值最高”的标准而建成。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词；陈述客观情况应用一般现在时；结合句意，此处应用被动语态；主语是The system,为第三人称单数，谓语动词也应用第三人称单数形式，所以应为is expected。 刷语法填空 24 2.____________ most diverse 解析 句意见上一题解析。根据空后的名词短语geographical features可知，此处应为形容词，作定语；由句中and可知，此处与largest和highest并列，且空前有定冠词the，所以应用形容词最高级。故填most diverse。 刷语法填空 25 【方法总结】语法填空中对and连接的并列成分的考查 我们都知道and表并列关系，可以连接有并列关系的词、短语或句子等。因此在语法填空题中，我们就可以充分利用and前后的形式一致这个特点作为切入口来解题。并列连词and的常见结构为A and B; A, B and C或A, B, C and D。其中A、B、C、D代表同类的词、短语或句子，即A、B、C、D的词性相同，结构相同。若是动词，其时态形式或非谓语形式也需一致，即“并列一致”。 刷语法填空 3.___ to 解析 句意为：与一些世界著名的无人居住的国家公园不同，中国的国家公园和自然保护区是大量人类居民的家园。be home to… 意为“是……的家园”，为固定搭配。故填to。 4._____________ to participate 解析 句意为：我们会鼓励公园周边居民参与环境保护、自然教育和生态旅游服务。encourage sb to do sth为固定短语，意为“鼓励某人做某事”，应用动词不定式。故填to participate。 5._________ will give 解析 句意为：那将给他们带来真正的好处，并增强他们对于国家公园属于人民这一事实的意识。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词；本句为引号中的原文，根据上一句中的谓语will encourage，并结合本句中的并列谓语enhance及句意可知，此处应用一般将来时。故填will give。 刷语法填空 27 6.__________ belonging 解析 句意见上一题解析。此处位于介词of后作宾语，应用belong的动名词形式与the national parks构成动名词复合结构。故填belonging。 7._________ protected 解析 句意为：《中国日报》特别提到，同样地，中国的保护区旨在“保护生态系统以及每个地区的文化遗迹……”分析句子可知，此处作定语修饰areas，应用形容词，意为“被保护的”，故填形容词protected。 8.________ cultural 解析 句意见上一题解析。此空修饰名词relics，应该用形容词。cultural是形容词，意为“文化的”。故填cultural。 刷语法填空 28 9._______ where 解析 句意为：……并且充当人与自然和谐共处的生态示范区…… 分析句子可知，zones后为限制性定语从句，所以此处应为关系词，先行词为demonstration zones，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故应用关系副词where。 10.____ the 解析 at the expense of… 为固定搭配，意为“以损害……为代价”。故填the。 刷语法填空 29 [浙江台州名校联盟2024联考] 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 The air was getting cooler. The leaves were starting to fall from the trees that lined the streets. As Nicole walked from school to the small bakery shop her mother had just started, she buttoned her sweater and looked up into the blue sky. Her mother expected her to walk the three blocks from school, and she was always standing on the steps of her bakery shop, waving and waiting for Nicole. Nicole always told her mum about her day as her mum poured a small glass of milk. After her snack, Nicole completed her homework and then was allowed to help in the bakery. Recently, her mother taught her how to frost （给……覆上糖霜） and decorate cupcakes. Nicole loved to pipe or squeeze the colourful frosting through the pastry tube onto the tops of miniature cakes. She loved hearing the customers’ reactions to her designs. 刷读后续写 30 For as long as Nicole could remember, she loved art. She impressed her teachers every year with watercolour paintings and clay sculptures. She had won the school’s art contest two years in a row and was working on this year’s project when she began decorating cupcakes. Nicole had never considered baking to be an art form. She could see how her complicated and imaginative creations were inspiring to her mother’s customers. Nicole was struggling and having a difficult time thinking of something original for this year’s art contest. The rules stated that the project simply had to be created entirely by the student, without any adult help. There were no restrictions on size or materials. 刷读后续写 31 注意：续写词数应为150个左右。 As she sat and decorated a chocolate cupcake with small animal shapes for a child’s birthday party, Nicole had an incredible idea. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ On the night of the art show, Nicole’s oversized cupcake brought surprised looks from her friends, teachers, and the contest judges. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 刷读后续写 【写作提示】 1.材料导读 材料大意 本文以人物为线索展开叙述，妮科尔的妈妈开了一间小面包店，妮科尔写完作业后就去帮忙，最近妈妈开始教她装饰纸杯蛋糕。妮科尔从小热爱艺术，连续两年赢得了学校的艺术比赛，今年妮科尔开始装饰纸杯蛋糕时，正准备今年的比赛，但是至今她还未能想出今年艺术比赛的原创作品。 故事背景 妮科尔的妈妈平时会教她如何给纸杯蛋糕涂糖霜和装饰，妮科尔连续两年参加艺术比赛都赢得了比赛，而且她在此之前从未想过烘焙可以成为一种艺术形式。 主要角色 妮科尔、妮科尔的妈妈、大赛评委 写作顺序 时间顺序 主要矛盾 妮科尔还未想出今年艺术比赛的原创作品，而规则规定，这个项目必须完全由学生自己完成，没有尺寸和材料的限制。 刷读后续写 33 2.续写分析 续写第一段（提示句：当妮科尔坐下来为一个孩子的生日派对装饰一个小动物形状的巧克力纸杯蛋糕时，她有了一个不可思议的想法。） 根据第一段首句可知，本段可以描写妮科尔的具体想法和制作过程，比如在她用小动物的形状装饰巧克力纸杯蛋糕时，她想到了可以做一个巨大的纸杯蛋糕，然后用糖霜在上面作画。 续写第二段（提示句：在艺术展当晚，妮科尔的超大纸杯蛋糕让她的朋友、老师和比赛评委都露出了惊讶的表情。） 根据第二段首句可知，本段可以描写众人对妮科尔作品的看法。 情感变化 很难想出今年艺术比赛的原创作品——获得灵感，有了想法——请教母亲——开始制作——给众人留下深刻印象 刷读后续写 34 3.提分词句 （1）描写动作的词汇 ①测量：measure ②（使）加倍：double ③把……从……转换为……：transfer… from… to… ④强调：emphasize （2）描写情绪的词汇 自豪：pride 刷读后续写 35 【参考范文】 As she sat and decorated a chocolate cupcake with small animal shapes for a child’s birthday party, Nicole had an incredible idea. “That’s it!” she said out loud. The next day after school, she asked her mother to teach her how to make the cupcakes and frosting. Nicole spent hours carefully measuring the ingredients and her first group of cupcakes turned out perfect. To create the canvas she was imagining, Nicole would have to do some maths. She doubled the batter and made one giant cupcake in a large round pan. She frosted her giant dessert and then went to work, transferring her artwork from a simple sketch to the frosting. On the night of the art show, Nicole’s oversized cupcake brought surprised looks from her friends, teachers, and the contest judges. Nicole smiled with pride as she explained her creative process, emphasizing the harmony of art and baking in her project. The judges were impressed not only by the technical skill but also by the innovative combination of two seemingly distinct forms of creativity. After Nicole’s giant cupcake earned her first prize, her mother cut and served her art project. Everyone agreed that it tasted as good as it looked. 刷读后续写 36 核心词汇 1.propose vt. 提议；建议 2.interpret vt. 解释；说明 3.anything but 决不；根本不 4.tendency n. 趋势；倾向 5.clear away 把……清除掉 6.foreign body 异物 进阶词汇 1.potentially adv. 可能地，潜在地 2.anticipation n. 预期，预料；期盼，期望 3.transfer… to… 将……转移到…… 4.habitual adj. 习惯性的；惯常的 刷读后续写 37 熟词生义 1.film 熟义：n. 电影 生义：n. 薄薄的一层；薄膜 2.passage 熟义：n. 章节；段落；通道 生义：n.（时间的）流逝，推移 构词法 sur- prefix 之上；额外的 surpass vt. 超过 刷读后续写 38 $$