Unit 2 Grammar——构词法-【勤径学升】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第一册同步练测（外研版2019）

UNIT 2 Exploring English Grammar 构词法 D教材示例 [名师点津] 用构词法完成下面教材中的句子并体会 (1)由“可数名词十介词(短语)”构成的复合 名词变复数时,把前面的名词变复数。如: 它们的语法特征 1.(教材 P19)Neither is there pine nor apple in father-in-law→fathers-in-law; passer-by→ passers-by。 2.(教材P19)For example, in our free time we (2)由man和woman构成的合成名词变复 (sculpt) and can sculpt a 数时,两个名词都要变成复数。如: paint a (paint), but we take a a woman teacher→women teachers; a man photo. doctor→men doctors。 (harm) actions 3.(教材P19)If (3)由“名词十名词”构成的复合名词,在变 are the opposite of (harm) 复数时,只变化中心名词,而修饰名词不变。 actions, why are (shame) and 如:agirlfriend→girlfriends. (shame) behaviors the same? 2.合成形容词 4.(教材 P2o)English was invented by people. 构成方式 例词 not computers, and it reflects the 形容词士ed结尾的 (create) of thehuman race. noble-minded高尚的. 形容词 5.(教材 P2o)That is why when the stars are good-tempered牌气好的 out, they are visible, but when the lights 形容词+现在分词 good-looking好看的. (visible). are out, they are easy-going容易相处的 D要点突破 high-quality高质量的. 英语中,单词的构成方法主要有三种:合 形容词十名词 large-scale大规模的 成、派生和转化。合成法是指由两个或更多的 duty-free免关税的. 词合成一个词。派生法是由一个词根加上前 名词十形容词 blood-red血红的 缀或后缀构成另一个词。转化法是指单词的 一种词性用作另一种词性。 peace-loving热爱和平的, 名词+现在分词 要点一 合成法 English-speaking 讲英语的 合成词就是由两个或更多的词合成的词 man-made人造的. 名词十过去分词 有时用连字符“-”连接,有时直接写在一起,有 snow-covered被雪覆盖的 时分开写。常见的合成词有以下几种 hard-working勤劳的. 1.合成名词 副词+现在分词 far-reaching影响深远的 构成方式 例词 well-behaved行为端正的 headmaster校长,blood-test验血 名词/代词十名词 副词十过去分词 widespread广泛流传的 名词十动名词 handwriting书法. sightseeing 观光 数词十名词 four-day四天的. five-year五年的 freeway高速公路. 形容词十名词 gentleman绅士 3.合成副词 构成方式 freezing point冰点. 动名词十名词 例词 reading room阅览室 形容词十名词 sometimes有时,anyway不管怎样 动词十名词 washroom厕所. 副词十名词 typewriter 打字机 indoors在室内,upstairs在楼上 breakthrough突破. 介词+名词 underfoot在脚下 动词十副词 get-together联欢会 alongside在一边 副词十动词 outbreak爆发,downfall跨台 副词十介词 nearhy 附近 39 高中英语·必修 第一册(WY) 4.合成动词 变化形式 例词 构成方式 例词 look v.看→n.表情;dream v.做 overthrow 推翻, overcome克服 动词转化为名词 副词士动词 梦→n.梦 名词十动词 typewrite打字, sleepwalk梦游 book n.书→v.预定;shouldern. 形容词十动词 broadcast 广播,whitewash粉刷 名词转化为动词 肩膀→v.负责任 5.合成代词 dirty adj.脏的→v.弄脏; 例词 构成方式 形容词转化为动词 right adj.正确的→v.纠正 itself 它自身,themselves他 代词宾格十-self/selves 们自己 total adj.全部的→n.总数; 形容词转化为名词 quiet adj.寂静的→n.寂静 myself 我自己,yourselves你 物主代词+-self/ selves 们自己 He is a man of strong build anything任何东西. 他是一个体格健壮的男人。 形容词十名词 something某物,某事 I have booked a ticket for the concert. 6.合成介词 我已预订了一张音乐会票。 构成方式 例词 She emptied the water out of the vase inside在.....里面,outside在...... 副词十名词 她把水从花瓶里倒了出来。 外面 介词+副词 The girl in red looks very beautiful. within在......之内,without没有 into进,upon在....之上 副词十介词 那个穿红色衣服的女孩儿看上去很漂亮。 [对点训练1] [对点训练2] 写出下列单词的汉语意思 写出下列句子中加黑单词的词性和词义 ①greenhouse ①He is a man with a powerful build ②throughout ③far-reaching ②Today, fresh fruit from these trees is shipped ④hotfoot overcome from one country to another. 要点二 转化法 ③The train slowed down. 把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变 ④They're running in the final 的方法叫作转化法。 You should be dressed in red. 要点三 派生法 派生法即由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成另一个词 1.常见的前缀(前缀通常只改变词义,不改变词性) 前缀 作用或意义 例词 构成动词,表示“置于......之中”,“使处 encourage(鼓励);endanger(危害);enable(使能够);enrich n 于.....状态”“赋予”;“使” (充实);enlarge(扩大) 40 UNIT2 Exploring English (续表) dis- disappear(消失);discourage(使泄气):dishonest(不诚实的) in- inactive(消极的);incorrect(不正确的);indirect(间接的) = illegal(非法的) im 构成反义词 impossible(不可能的);impolite(不礼貌的) ir irregular(不规则的);irresponsible(无责任感的) m- unfit(不适合的);unfair(不公平的);unknown(不出名的) nor- non-smoker(不抽烟的人);non-stop(直达的,不停的) co 构成名/动/副形容词“共同,一起,联合” coexist(共存):co-author(合著者) extra- 构成形容词“在.....之外,越出,超出,非常” extraordinary(非凡的);extra-large(特大的) 构成动名/副形容词“在......中,相互” inter- international(国际的);interaction(相互作用) mis 构成动/名词“坏,错,糟糕的” miscalculate(错误地估计);misfortune(不幸 构成动/名/副/形容词“上面,完全地,过分,上方” over overhead(在头上方);overcoat(长大衣) 构成名/动/形容词“后,以后” post- post-war(战后的):postgraduate(研究生 pre- 构成名/动/形容词”在.....前,先于” prehistory(史前时期);pre-war(战前的) re 构成动/名/副形容词“又,再,重新” retell(复述);reappearance(重新出现) super{ 构成名/动/副形容词“上(方),超,极” supermarket(超市);superheated(过热的) 2.常见的后缀(后缀通常改变词性,构成意思相近的其他词性的词,少数后缀同时会改变词义) 意义 后缀 例词 -age .....的状态/状况/费用 postage(邮费);shortage(不足) -ar .....地方的人 American(美国人):Korean(韩国人) -ir ......地方的人......的专家 Egvptian(埃及人);Asian(亚洲人);musician(音乐家) -ist ........者 artist(艺术家);communist(社会主义者);scientist(科学家) -ism ....主义 socialism(社会主义):realism(现实主义) .....的人(或物),具有.....的人(或 -r 物),与.....有关的人 computer(计算机);farmer(农民):foreigner(外国人) .....的人(或物) or actor(演员);sailor(水手);director(导演);calculator(计算器) .....国的人......国的语言 -se Chinese(中国人,汉语):Japanese(日本人,日语) 名 e: 受访者,与.....有关的人,称为....的人 employee(雇员);interviewee(接受采访者) -er 与......有关的人 engineer工程师;mountaineer(登ll运动员):pioneer(先锋 女.................... -e55 词 actress(女演员):hostess(女主人) ofu 充满......的量 armful[(两臂或单臂的)一抱];handful(一把);spoonful(一匙) .....的行为/组织 -ment movement(运动):development(发展);government(政府) .....的状态、性质或特点 -ness illness(疾病);darkness(黑暗) -ship 地位,资格,职位;技艺,技能;状态,性 质,品质 friendship(友谊);leadership(领导):professorship(教授职位) -(t)ion .....的行为或状态 action(行为);creation(创造) -uire ....的行动或过程;结果 departure(启程):failure(失败):pleasure(高兴) -sion ....的行为或状态 conclusion(结论);possession(拥有);impression(印象) 性质,情况,状态 t safety(安全);difficulty(困难) * 高中英语·必修 第一册(WY) (续表) -able 能......应.......具有......性质的 acceptable(令人满意的);comfortable(舒服的) -al 与......有关的 national(国家的):political(政治的) -ern ......方向的 southern(南方的);northern(北方的);eastern(东方的) -fl 有.....性质的充.满......的 helpful(有帮助的);careful(仔细的) -ish ......国家的..像.....似的;近乎.....的 形 Turkish(土耳其的),childish(孩子气的) 。 -ive 具有......性质或候向的 active(积极的);creative(创造性的);expensive(昂贵的) 词 - 充满.....的,有......性质的 cloudy(多云的);windy(有风的);dirty(脏的) -less 无,没有 careless(粗心的);harmless(无害的);useless(无用的) -some 引起或易于....的 fearsome(可怕的);tiresome(累人的):quarrelsome(爱争吵的) en 由......制成的.像.....一.样的 wooden(木制的);golden(金黄色的,金质的) -ous有.....性质的 dangerous(危险的);humorous(幽默的) -(e)n 使,变得 widen(加宽);strengthen(加强);lengthen(加长 动 -ify/-fy 变成,使得 beautify(美化):purify(净化) 词 -ize ise 成为,使像;以.....方式说想行动、对 待等:放在....里 apologize apologise(道歉):Americanize(美国化 -ly 以......方式每隔......时间 副 perfectly(完美地);suddenly(突然地) 词 ward(s)(表示方向)向.....地 forward(向前);outwards(向外):eastward(向东) -teen 十几 fourteen(十四);fifteen(十五);sixteen(十六) 数 ty 儿十 词 forty(四十);fifty(五十);sixty(六十) -t 第儿 fourth(第四);fifth(第五);sixth(第六) [对点训练3] 2. He sat down and started (gentle) 单句语法填空 talking to the dog. ①Their product is (friend)to 3. The high-speed train that connects the two the environment and popular with customers. cities is both fast and ②I can't find my toys anywhere -they've (comfort). entirely (appear). 4.Ona ③Chinese New Year is a (storm) night, his son was (celebrate) marking the end of the winter missing on the way back home. 5. Take the medicine season and the beginning of spring. (two)a day ④Filled with (curious).the after meals. artist packed his bags and left. 6. Electricity is (visible), but it can They also shared with us many be changed into energy that we can see. (tradition) stories about Hawaii that (huge) popular with hear or feel. were tourists. 7. To his surprise, he found that a lot of C即学活用 (passer-by) were (grown-up). I.单句语法填空 1. It was (polite) of you to ask him 8. He was more than just an English teacher. because he also taught me the personal question in front of so many (use) people. lessons in life. 42 UNIT2 Exploring English (equip) 9. This latest teaching 5. The number of college graduates in a country in our class is said to have cost a lot of reflects its cultural standard.( ~ money. 6. He was ill for some davs, and his wife 10. It is necessary to have a physica nursed him kindly.( ) (examine) every year. 7. You should picture to yourself the brillian II.写出下列句子中画线单词的词性及含义 future ahead of us.( ) 1. Just hang(挂) the towel on the back of the 8. The teacher seated the new student and chair so that it will dry soon.( began the class.( ) 2. No one nosed the danger before the 9. The center cares for about 5o children. It is earthquake.( ) a non-profit organization.( 。 3. Lisa can speak Chinese as fluently as a 10. The girl freed the bird from its cage. native.( ( ) 4. He decided to shoulder the burden of his 提示请完成《素能提升训练》训练五 family.( ) Section III Developing ideas & Presenting ideas 基础认知 自主学习 单词识记 句型展示 3. I.重点单词 v.计划,打算→intentionn.目 D基础单词 的;意图 4. formaladi.正式的→ 资料,(教学)资源 adj. 1. n. . .. 提醒,使......想起 (书写或言谈)非正式的 5. 3. adv. 相当,颇 v. 认识,辨认出→recognised n. 4. adi.公认的;经过验证的→recognitionn.识 评论 二 别:承认;认出 5. 靴子 6. : v. 以......为基础→based 。 区域 过 adi.以(某事)为基础的;以......为重要部分 出口 (或特征)的→basicadj.基本的;基础的 adu. 在楼下 7. adj.意识到的,明白的→ adj. 9. 消极的,负面的 awareness n.意识 10. 错误,谬误 II.重点短语 1. pull 拓展单词 向上拉;(使)停下 2. play safe 谨慎对待;在.....方 1.enterv.进入→ n.大门(口). 面不冒险 入口(处) 3. have frog in one's throat 2.actualadi.实在的;实际的→ (尤因喉咙痛)说话 adv.事实上,实际上 困难 436.话学活用①creative②creation③creativity SectionⅢl Developing ideas Presenting ideas should create a harmonious environment to get along 【基础认知 自主学习】 with others I,重点单词 一基础单词 7.活学活用①vision②visibly③to④was clearly 1,resource 2.remind 3.rather 4.comment 5.boot visible to 6.section 7.exit 8.downstairs 9.negative 10.error 8.话学活用①up②winding/to be wound③winds its 拓展单词 way through the village I.entrance 2.actually 3.intend 4.informal 重点句型 5.recognise 6.base 7.aware L.话学活用①nor②but)was①or⑤Neither did: Ⅱ，重点短语 1.up 2.with 3.8 4.to 5.with 6.place 7.to nor did 8.out 9.of 10.of 2.活学活用①performed②Once ③omj.一旦 Ⅲ.阅读词汇 ①adu.曾经⑤adu.一次 1,事故，灾难 2.在城镇中心区的，在闹市区的3。奇特 3.话学话用①why②because③That's because 的，古怪的 4That's why The reason why;was that N.重点句型 Section II Using language 1.Not only can;but you can also 2.to buy some winter 【基础认知自主学习】 boots 3.very odd 【语篇精读合作探究】 【,重点单词一基础单词 I.the differences between the English we learn in class 1.contact 2.organization 3.likely 4.subway and in the outside world 5.gas/petrol 6.apartment 7.context II.1-4 ADCB 拓展单词 III.1.stories 2.different 3.with 4.had 5.was told 1.type 2.unfamiliar 3.addition 6.the 7.confusing 8.who 9.higher 10.preparing Ⅱ，重点短语 【要点精研讲练互动】一核心词汇 1.with 2.across 3.as 4.of 5.with 6.from l.活学活用①of②are reminded③reminder 7.with 8.for/to reminding people to protect the trees Ⅲ，重点句型 2.话学话用①or②is③prefers to walk to work rather 1.using other simpler words 2.formed by combining than drive a car would rather walk to work than other words 3.It is impossible to know drive a car would walk to work rather than drive a car 【要点精研 讲练互动】一核心词汇 3.活学活用①on/upon②comments③comment on/ 1.话学活用①with②to③across④comes to:comes upon/about/make a comment/comments on/upon/about to life;comes up with:come to light 4,话学话用①to take/taking②to manage⑧intention 2.话学活用①with②to③re not familiar with ④is Oto be intended for the disabled children not familiar to 5,活学话用①tobe②is recognised③recognition 3.话学活用①in②with③contact an old friend/,make ④is recognised to be/as⑤It is recognised that contact with an old friend 6.活学活话用①on/upon②ba5ed③basic ④it was 4.活学活用①to reduce②it ③likely ④possible based on/upon a real person 5 Based on/upon a probable/possible/likely real person 7,话学活用①of②awareness③are aware of 5.活学活用①addition②to③addition ④adding: 重点句型 added to:added up:added up to l,活学活用①gaining ②To pass③to be told④To 重点句型 master English 活学活用①to carry ②1t ③it is important for 2.活学活用①finished②lying③interesting us students ④surrounded,looking Grammar- 构词法 Writing- 如何写故事性记叙文 教材示例 典题示例 1.pineapple 2.sculpture:painting 3.harmless:harmful: 词汇推敲] shameless:shameful 4.creativity 5.invisible 1.an exchange student 2.fluently 3.do a good job 4.persuade 5.reflect 要点突破 遣词造句 [对点训练1 ①living in China②speak Chinese very fluently③has ①温室②遍及③深远的①匆忙地⑤克服 some trouble understanding OChinese dumplings [对点训练2] 5his favourite fillings 6doesn't want to eat them either ①名词，体格②动词，运输)动词，减缓 ④名词，决 句式升级 赛⑤动词，穿衣 I.Jack,an American exchange student,is one of my 对点训练3] friends living in China,who can speak Chinese very ①friendly②disappeared ③celebration①curiosity fluently. ⑤traditional:hugely 2.He likes Chinese dumplings,in which there are his 即学活用 favourite fillings. 3.Neither does he want to eat them. I.1.impolite 2.gently 3.comfortable 4.stormy 妙笔成篇 5.twice 6.invisible 7.passers-by:grown-ups 8.useful 参考范文 9.equipment 10.examination Jack,an American exchange student,is one of my Ⅱ，1..变干2.u,觉察3..本地人4.u肩负，承担 friends living in China,who can speak Chinese very 5.n.大学毕业生6.，护理7..描绘，想象8..使就 fluently.And he thought he did a very good job in learning 座9.ad5.非营利的10.以.释放，使自由 Chinese.