主题群2 环境保护-【创新教程】2025年高考英语总复习大一轮创新示范卷（新教材）

[第二部分]》主题语境专项卷 主题：人与自然 )级来 主题群2 环境保护 I,阅读理解 A I don't think I can recall a time when I wasn't aware of the beauty of the ocean.Growing up in Australia,I had the good fortune of having the sea at my side.The first time I went to Halfmoon Bay,I suddenly had the feeling of not being able to feel the ground with my feet anymore. For my 10th birthday,my sister and I were taken out to the Great Barrier Reef.There were fish 器 in different colors,caves and layers of coral ()They made such an impression on me.When I learned that only one percent of Australia's Coral Sea was protected,I was shocked.Australian ma- rine(海洋的)life is particularly important because the reefs(暗礁)have more marine species than any other country on earth.But sadly,only 45%of the world's reefs are considered healthy. This statistic is depressing,so it's important for us to do everything to protect them. The hope that the Coral Sea remains a complete ecosystem has led me to take action.I've become in- volved with the Protect Our Coral Sea activity,which aims to create the largest marine park in the world.It would serve as a place where the ocean's species will all have a safe place forever. 中 Together,Angus and I created a little video and we hope it will inspire people to be part of the movement.Angus also shares many beautiful childhood memories of the ocean as a young boy,who grew up sailing,admiring the beauty of the ocean,and trying to find the secrets of ocean species. 1.What can we learn about the author from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1? A.He seldom went sailing at the sea. B.He forgot his experiences about the ocean. C.He never went back to his hometown. D.He had a wonderful impression of Halfmoon Bay. 2.What is Australian marine life like according to the second paragraph? 或 A.It is escaping from the Coral Sea gradually. B.It depends on reefs for living greatly. C.It may be faced with danger. D.It is protected better than that in other oceans. 3.What is the aim of the Protect Our Coral Sea activity? 紫 A.To contribute to a complete ecosystem. B.To prevent more marine species being endangered. 器 C.To set up a large nature reserve for reefs. D.To raise more teenagers'environmental awareness. 4.Why do Angus and the author create a little video? A.To ask more people to take action to protect the marine species. B.To inspire more people to study the secret of the ocean. C.To share their childhood experiences about the ocean. D.To bring back to people their memory of ocean species. 77 B Humans have made the world less friendly to birds in many ways.One obvious example of this can be found in metal spikes ()or anti-bird spikes in buildings to prevent birds from landing and even nesting.However,a handful of birds have struck back. Auke-Florian Hiemstra,a biologist researching animal architecture at the Naturalis Biodiversity Center in Leiden.Netherlands,studies how wild animals use materials made by humans.He has seen nests that include some unusual materials-things like plastic flowers and sunglasses.But he was surprised when seeing a picture of a magpie (nest,the top of which had anti-bird spikes. Researchers had learned that the smart species,magpies and crows ()were stealing anti- bird spikes as a nest-building material.The two species appeared to use the anti-bird spikes in slight- ly different ways.For the crows,the spikes seemed purely structural,a material used to fashion a solid foundation.But for the magpies,there was an additional layer of intention:They appeared to use the spikes like humans do-rounded covering over their nests to keep other birds from landing. One recent study reported that nests with man-made materials have been found all over the world and that the man-made materials include all kinds of man-made materials,including knitting needles,candy wrappers,spiky wires,and cigarette ends.Although magpies and crows haven't been documented doing this,other birds have.Scientists aren't sure if birds are using artificial materials because they're better,or simply because they're easy to find.What is noteworthy is that human- made materials in bird nests can cause injuries.For example,anti-bird netting,often placed over gar- den plots,is known to be dangerous for birds,which often end up being entangled in it. For Hiemstra,while the new discoveries are fascinating,he also highlights a broader issue:the unfortunate popularity of anti-bird spikes."It's kind of sad to keep fighting against nature instead of accepting it as part of the city,"he said. 5.Why was Hiemstra surprised when seeing the photo of a magpie nest? A.A magpie decorated its nest with plastic flowers. B.Magpies and crows are as intelligent as humans. C.Magpies and crows cooperated to build the nests. D.The magpie nest was equipped with metal spikes. 6.How do magpies and crows differ from each other in using anti-bird spikes? A.Crows use them for fashion. B.Magpies use them for defence. C.Crows use them to keep off other species. D.Magpies use them to strengthen the nests. 7.What does the underline word "entangled"in Paragraph 4 mean? A.Discovered. B.Frightened. C.Released. D.Trapped. 8.What does Hiemstra intend to do in the last Paragraph? A.Support birds'using man-made materials. B.Accept anti-bird spikes as part of the city. C.Disapprove of humans'using anti-bird spikes. D.Stress the popularity of anti-bird spikes in birds. 78 C When most people think of Amish communities,they picture old-fashioned environments free of modern technology.For the most part,that's true,but there are a few surprising exceptions.Many Amish families ase solar panels to meet their modest electricity needs. According to Electric Rate,some Amish communities adopted solar as far back as the 90's.In addition to wind turbines on churches and barns,Amish homes may also have solar panels on the roofs.These are connected to batteries that power electric lights,water pumps,and even the occa- sional washing machine,refrigerator,cash register,or e-bike.Amish communities don't reject all technology for its own sake.Instead,they consider the impact each type of technology will have on their lifestyle and traditions. Television doesn't have a place in the simple Amish lifestyle,and connecting to the power grid to run multiple appliances (would threaten the community's independence and self-reli- ance.However,electric lights are another matter,according to Electric Rate.Amish families previ- ously used kerosene (lamps to light their homes.These created major safety issues,like heightened fire risk and harmful smoke. Solar panels and LED lights were the perfect solutions,Electric Rate says.They're self-con- tained,so Amish communities don't have to pay a monthly bill.They don't even have to add wiring to the whole house.Just one or two panels are enough for a whole home since they don't have many electric appliances.The lights themselves are reliable,efficient,long-lasting,affordable,and safe. Even better,solar technology is getting cheaper all the time.Ongoing breakthroughs in solar panel design have made them easier to manufacture and more efficient to use,opening up this possi- bility for even more families.Solar panels are also gentle on the planet.Unlike burning kerosene,so- lar doesn't produce air pollution that traps heat in our atmosphere.The more households,busines- ses,and governments adopt solar,the more we cool down the planet. 9.What is the popular view of Amish communities? A.They enjoy free modern facilities. B.They like old-fashioned pictures. C.They live an out-of-date lifestyle. D.They have no access to electricity. 10.What is the major concern when Amish communities decide which technology to adopt? A.The effect on the way they live. B.The difficulty level of using it. C.The energy efficiency. D.The cost effectiveness. 11.What does the underlined part "the power grid"in Paragraph 3 refer to? A.A set of batteries used to store energy. B.A device showing television programs. C.A piece of equipment used to measure power. D.A network generating and distributing electricity. 12.What is the benefit of Amish families using solar panels? A.It helps to pay their monthly bills. B.It contributes to decreasing air pollution. C.It reduces their consumption of electricity. D.It allows them to run many electric appliances. —79- Ⅱ.完形填空 Tenzing Bodosa was awoken at midnight by a sound outside.He got up and saw several wild 1 in his farm.For many farmers,seeing such animals appear in the farm is 2 However.for Bodosa,who ran a large tea farm in the state of Assam,India,it meant everything was working 3 The Asian elephants has been listed as a(n)4 species by International Union for Conserva- tion of Nature and their population has 5 by half in the past decades for various reasons.One is 6 to the vast tea farms,which elephants regard as parts of their forest habitats and their migra- tory routes over centuries. "Sadly,in India,7 between humans and wild elephants often end up 8,"said Bodosa."I decided that there must be a way for us to live 9."Then Bodosa began a natural tea farm in 2007. To create an elephant-friendly area for elephants,Bodosa planted organic grass,fruits and tea. He also provided them with easy 10 by making sure there were no fences or other 11 to restrict wild elephants'movement. Gradually,his tea farm 12 other animals'visiting.Many human visitors followed,too,and some even volunteered here.Bodosa's tea farm was 13 as "the world's first elephant-friendly tea farm".He has also trained many farmers in organic farming."We have to work hard to 14 the lives of both wild elephants and humans,Bodosa said.The tea from such farms does have an economical and 15 impact on Assam. 1.A.strains B.elephants C.fields D.plants 2.A.entertaining B.satisfying C.alarming D.embarrassing 3.A.as usual B.by contrast C.after all D.in advance 4.A.primitive B.representative C.privileged D.endangered 5.A.dropped B.risen C.doubled D.changed 6.A.adapted B.connected C.compared D.exposed 7.A.ranges B.differences C.encounters D.adventures 州 8.A.awkward B.tragic C.humorous D.controversial 9.A.publicly B.privately C.significantly D.harmoniously 10.A.passages B.solutions C.assignments D.calculations 11.A.criteria B.associations C.regulations D.barriers 12.A.lived off B.resulted from C.appealed to D.turned down 13.A.misread B.diagnosed C.imagined D.credited 14.A.extend B.secure C.involve D.threaten 15.A.ecological B.religious C.cultural D.negative Ⅲ.语法填空 Global climate change is not a future problem.Now,effects that scientists had long predicted would re- sult 1. global climate change,such as sea ice loss,accelerated sea level rise,and longer and more intense heat waves,2. (occur)and threatening the earth.Some changes,including droughts,wild- fires and extreme rainfall,are happening 3. (fast)than scientists previously assessed.In fact,mod- ern humans have never before seen the observed changes in our global climate,some of 4. are irre- versible(不可逆转的)over the next hundreds to thousands of years.. Scientists are 5. (high)confident that global temperatures will continue to rise for many decades,mainly due to greenhouse gases produced by human activities.6. is reported that human emissions (of heat-trapping gases have already warmed the climate by nearly 1.I C since pre-industrial times starting in 1750.The global average temperature rise is expected to reach 1.5 C within the next few decades. The severity of effects 7. (cause)by climate change will depend on the path of future human activities.More greenhouse gas emissions will lead to more climate 8. (extreme) and widespread damaging effects across our planet.However,those future effects depend on 9. amount of carbon dioxide we emit.So,if we can reduce emissions,we are likely 10. (avoid) some of the worst effects. 80英语（新教材） 13.B[考查名词词义辨析。句意：Molai在每棵树苗的 9,a「考查不定冠词。句意：研究人员说：“如果北极现 顶端都搭建了一个竹子平台，在那里他放置了带有 在发生的事情与上一次间冰期类似，那么在短短15 小洞的陶罐来收集雨水。A.back背部；B.top顶端： 年内，它有可能几乎没有海冰。”设空处后为名河单 C.foot脚：D.side一边，一侧。根据该段最后一句 数，表泛指，应用不定冠词，空后为辅音音素开头的单 “The water would then drip on the plants below'”可 词，应用a。故填a。] 知，水滴在下面的植物上。由此推知，竹子平台应该 10.t0[考查固定短语。句意：除了可能使一些动物物 在每棵树苗的“顶端”。] 种灭绝外，海冰的融化还可能引起毁灭性的自然灾 14.D[考查动词（短语）辨析。句意：Molai在每棵树苗 害。固定短语in addition to“除了…之外”。故 的顶端都搭建了一个竹子平台，在那里他放置了带 填t0。] 有小洞的陶掉来收集雨水。A.cool down冷却下来： 主题群2环境保护 B.keep off与…保持距离；C.purify净化，使纯净； 丁，阅读理解 D.collect收集。根据常识可知，陶罐是用来盛水的。 A.[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。作者在澳大利亚 由此可知，他将陶罐放到竹子平台上“收集”雨水。] 长大，喜欢美丽的海洋和众多的湾洋生物。当得知澳大 15.D[考查动词词义辩析。句意：在接下来的37年 利亚海洋生物面临危险时，作者采取行动，参与了“保护 里，Molai继续种树。A.returned返回；B.learned学 珊瑚海”活动，并号召更多人保护海洋物种。 会：C.failed失败；D.continued继续。根据后一句可 1.D[词义猜测题。根据第一段“Idon't think I can re 知，他的努力使1360英亩的天然土地成为许多动植 call a time when I wasn't aware of the beauty of the 物的家园。由此推知，在接下来的37年里，他“继 ocean.Growing up in Australia,I had the good fortune 续”种树。] of having the sea at my side.(我想在我的记忆中，没 Ⅲ.语法填空 有哪一段时间我没有意识到海洋的美丽。我在澳大 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。最近的一份报告称， 利亚长大，幸运的是有大海在我身边。)”可知，作者一 到本世纪末，气侯变化可能会使北极熊灭绝。除非采取 直都觉得海洋很美丽，在澳大利亚长大，很幸运身边 更多措施，否则它们的灭绝可能会更早到来，因为它们 有大海。结合下文内容中，作者描述了澳大利亚美丽 的栖息地可能会消失。 1.completely[考查副词。句意：到2035年，该地区的 的海洋和动植物，由此推知作者到达Half Moon Bay 后感受到了它的美，对Half Moon Bay有美好的 海冰可能会完全消失。设空处应用副词completely “完全地”修饰动词disappear。故填completely。] 印象。] 2.prediction[考查名词。句意：科学家利用英国气象 2.C[推理判断题。根据第二段“When I learned that 局的哈德利中心气候模型做出了这一预测。设空处 only one percent of Australia's Coral Sea was protec- 应用名词作宾语，空前为tis,设空处应用名词单数形 ted,I was shocked.(当我得知澳大利亚只有百分之一 式。故填prediction。 的珊瑚海受到保护时，我很震惊。)”和“But sadly,only 3.to compare[考查非谓语动词。句意：这个模型使研 45%of the world's reefs are considered healthy. 究人员能够比较上一个间冰期（大约发生在12.7万 可悲的是，世界上只有45%的珊瑚礁被认为是健康 年前的温暖期)和现在的北极海冰状况。设空处在句 的。)”可知，作者很震惊澳大利亚只有1%的珊瑚海受 中作非谓语，固定短语allow sb to do sth.,因此空处 到保护，得知世界上只有45%的珊瑚礁被认为是健康 填不定式，作宾补。故填to compare。] 的，作者感到难过。由此推知澳大利亚海洋生物可能 4.occurred[考查谓语动词。句意见上题解析。设空 面临危险。] 处在句中作谓语，根据时间状语around 127,000 years 3.B[细节理解题。根据第三段“IT've become involved ago,可知句子的时态为一般过去时。故填occurred。] with the Protect Our Coral Sea activity,which aims to 5.known[考查非谓语动词。句意：这些池被称为融化 create the largest marine park in the world.It would 池，在海冰融化中起着至关重要的作用。设空处在句 serve as a place where the ocean's species will all have 中作非谓语，和其逻辑主语p0ols之间是逻辑上的被 a safe place forever..(我参与了·保护我们的珊瑚海’ 动关系，应用动词的过去分词作定语。故填known。] 活动，该活动旨在创建世界上最大的海洋公因。它将 6.is will be absorbed[考查谓语动词。句意：这是因 成为海洋物种永远安全的地方。)”可知，该活动旨在 为如果融化池面积更大，海冰就会吸收更多的热量， 创建世界上最大的海洋公园，使之成为海洋物种永远 从而导致海冰进一步融化。设空处在句中作谓语，和 安全的地方，防止更多海洋物种灏临灭绝。 句子的主语heat为被动关系，叙述客观事实，应用一 4.A[细节理解题。根据最后一段“Together,Angus 般现在时：f引导的条件状语从句，采取“主将从现”的 and I created a little video and we hope it will inspire 原则，故设空处也可用一般将来时，主语为more heat, people to be part of the movement.(Angus和我一起 结合主谓一致，故填is/will be absorbed。] 制作了一个小视频，我们希望它能激励人们成为这个 7.frightening[考查形容词。句意：对于看到这种模式 活动的一部分。)”可知，作者和Angus制作了一个小 不断重复的科学家来说，这是一个可怕的想法。设空 视颜，希望它能激励人们成为“保护珊期海”活动的一 处应用形容词修饰名词，表示事物的特征，frightening 部分，敦促更多的人采取行动来保护海洋物种，防止 “可怕的”符合题意，故填frightening。] 更多海洋物种濒临灭绝。] 8.who/that[考查定语从句的引导词。句意见上题解 B.[语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人类在 析。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为scientists,从句 很多方面使这个世界对鸟类不那么友好了。一个明显 缺少主语，应用关系代词who that引导该从句。故 的例子是金属钉，或者建筑物上的防鸟钉，以防止鸟类 填who that.]. 降落甚至筑巢。 答案-48 参考答案 5.D[细节理解题。根据第二段中“But he was sur- 什的生活方式中没有电视，根据常识可知，使用电视 prised when seeing a picture of a magpie nest, 就要连接电网，因此推断划线句句意：连接到电网运 the top of which had anti-bird spikes.(但当他看到一 行多个设备将威胁到社区的独立和自力更生。划线 张喜鹊巢的照片时，他感到很惊讶，喜鹊巢的顶部有 部分表示“电网”与D项“发电和分配电力的网络”意 防鸟刺。)”可知，海姆斯特拉在看到喜鹊窝的照片时 思一致] 感到惊讶是因为喜鹊巢上装有防鸟刺。] l2.B[细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Solar panels are 6.B[细节理解题。根据第三段中“The two species also gentle on the planet.Unlike burning kerosene, appeared to use the anti-bird spikes in slightly differ- solar doesn't produce air pollution that traps heat in ent ways.For the crows,the spikes seemed purely our atmosphere.The more households,businesses, structural,a material used to fashion a solid founda- and governments adopt solar,the more we cool down tion.But for the magpies,there was an additional layer the planet,.(太阳能电池板对地球也很温和。与燃烧 of intention:They appeared to use the spikes like hu- 煤油不同，太阳能不会产生空气污染，从而将热量困 mans do-rounded covering over their nests to keep 在大气中。越多的家庭，企业和政府采用太阳能，我 other birds from landing.(这两个物种使用防鸟刺的 们就越能使地球降温。)”可知，阿米什家庭使用太阳 方式似乎略有不同。对鸟鸦来说，尖刺似乎纯粹是结 构性的，是一种用来打造坚实基础的材料。但对于喜 能电池板有助于减少空气污染。] Ⅱ，完形填空 鹊来说，还有另一层意图：它们似乎像人类一样使用 尖刺一把覆盖物覆盖在它们的巢穴上，防止其他鸟 [语篇解读]这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了印度农民 类降落。)”可知，喜鹊和乌鸦在使用防鸟刺方面的不 Bodosa的茶园是许多大象的栖息地，他们通过这种方式 同之处是喜鹊用它们来防御。] 来保护大象。 7.D[词义猜测题。根据第四段中“What is notewor 1.B[考查名词词义辩析。句意：他起床后看到农场里 thy is that human-made materials in bird nests can 有几头野象。A.strains菌株；B.elephants大象； cause injuries.(值得注意的是，筑巢的人造材会造 C.fields领战；D.plants植物。根据下文“The Asian 成伤害。)”以及划线单词句中“For example,anti-bird elephants has been listed as a(n)4_species”提到 netting.often placed over garden plots,is known to be 大象，由此可知，此处应表示他起床后看到农场里有 dangerous for birds(例如，防鸟网，通常放置在花图地 几头野象。] 块上，已知对鸟类是危险的)”可知，此处应为它们经 2.C[考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于许多农民来 常被缠住。故可猜测划线单词entangled为“缠住”的 说，看到这样的动物出现在农场是令人担忧的。 意思，与选项D项Trapped“被困”意思一致。] A.entertaining使人褕快的：B.satisfying令人满意的： 8.C[推理判断题。根据最后一段“For Hiemstra, C.alarming令人担忧的；D.embarrassing令人尴尬 while the new discoveries are fascinating,he also 的。根据下文的However转折以及“it meant every- highlights a broader issue:the unfortunate popularity thing was working(一切都在运转)”可推知，此处应表 of anti-bird spikes.'It's kind of sad to keep fighting against 示看到这样的动物出现在农场是令人担忧的。] nature instead of accepting it as part of the city,'he said. 3.A[考查固定短语辩析。句意：然而，对于在印度问 (对希姆斯特拉来说，虽然这些新发现令人着迷，但他 萨姆邦经营一家大型茶园的Bodosa来说，这意味着 也强调了一个更广泛的问題一防鸟钉的不幸流行。 一切都像往常一样。A.as usual像往常一样：B.by 他说：‘不断与自然抗争，而不是接受它作为城市的一 contrast相比之下；C.after all毕竟；D.in advance提 部分，这有点可悲。)”可推知，希姆斯特拉在最后一 前。根据上文提到的看到这样的动物出现在农场是 段想表达不赞成人类使用防鸟钉。] 令人担忧的，以及该句中的However转折，可推知，此 C.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了阿米 处应表示这意味着一切都像往常一样。] 什社区的生活方式：筒单环保，保留了自已的传统，保护 4.D[考查形容词词义辩析。句意：亚洲象已被国际自 了环境。 9.C[细节理解题。根据第一段的“When most people 然保护联盟列为濒危物种，在过去的几十年里，由于 各种原因，亚洲象的数量诚少了一半。A.primitive原 think of Amish communities,they picture old-fash- 始的：B.representative典型的，有代表性的：C.privi- ioned environments free of modern technology. 多数人想到向米什社区时，他们想象的是没有现代技 leged荣幸的：D.endangered濒危的。根据下文“and 术的老式环境。)”可知，人们对于阿米什社区的普遍 their population has 5 by half in the past decades 观点是他们过着过时的生活。] for various reasons..”以及下文说的保护大象的内容， 10.A[细节理解题。根据第二段的“Instead,they con- 可知，此处应表示亚洲象已被国际自然保护联盟列为 sider the impact each type of technology will have on 濒危物种。」 their lifestyle and traditions.(相反，他们考虑每种类 5.A[考查动词词义辨析。句意：亚洲象已被国际自然 型的技术将对他们的生活方式和传统产生的影 保护联盟列为濒危物种，在过去的儿十年里，由于各 响。)”可知，阿米什社区决定采用哪种技术时的主要 种原因，亚洲象的数量减少了一半。A.dropped下降； 关注，点是这种技术对于他们生活方式和传统的 B.risen上升：C.doubled翩了一倍；D.changed改变 影响。] 根据上文提到的亚洲象已被国际自然保护联盟列为 1l.D[词义猜测题。根据上文“Television doesn't 濒危物种，以及下文“by half in the past decades for have a place in the simple Amish lifestylet(电视在简 various reasons5.”可推知，此处应表示在过去的几十 单的阿米什生活方式中没有一席之地)”可知，阿米 年里，由于各种原因，亚洲象的数量减少了一半。] 答案-49 英语（新教材） 6.B[考查动词词义辨析。句意：其中一个与广阔的茶 14.B[考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们必须努力保护 园相连，几个世纪以来，大象将这里视为森林栖息地 野生大象和人类的生命。A.extend扩展；B.secure 和迁徒路线的一部分。A.adapted造应：B.connected 使安全，保护：C.involve涉及：D.threaten威胁。根 连接：C.compared比较；D.exposed暴露。根据下文 据下文“the lives of both wild elephants and humans'" "which elephants regard as parts of their forest habi- 可知，此处应表示努力保护野生大象和人类的 tats and their migratory routes over centuries. 生命。] 将这里视为森林桶息地和迁徙路线的一部分。)”可推 15.A[考查形容词词义辨析。句意：来自这些农场的 知，此处应表示一个原因与广阔的茶园相连。] 茶叶确实对阿萨姆邦产生了经济和生态影响。 7.C[考查名词词义辨析。句意：可悲的是，在印度，人 A.ecological生态的；B.religious宗教的：C,cultural 类与野生大象的相遇往往以悲剧告终。A.ranges范 文化的；D.negative负面的。根据上文“have an eco- 围：B.differences差异；C.encounters偶遇：D.adven nomical'”以及下文“impact on Assam.”可知，此处应 tures冒险。根据句意以及下文“between humans and 表示对阿萨姆邦产生了经济和生态影响。] wild elephants often end up”可知，此处应表示人类与 Ⅲ.语法填空 野生大象的相遇往往以悲剧告终。] [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了全 8.B[考查形容词词义辩析。句意：可悲的是，在印度， 球气候变化不是未来的间题，而是现在正在发生的。越 人类与野生大象的相遇往往以悲剧告终。A.awk 来越多的温室气体排放将导致更多的极端气候，并在我 ward难堪的；B.tragic悲剧的：C.humorous幽默的： 们的星球上造成广泛的破坏性影响。作者呼吁我们减 D.controversial有争议的。根据上文“Sadly'”以及下 少二氧化碳排放，避免一些最坏的影响。 文说的保护大象的内容，可知，此处应表示人类与野 1.from[考查介词。句意：现在，科学家们长期以来预 生大象的相遇往往以悲刷告终。] 测的全球气候变化将导致的影响，如海冰融化、海平 9.D[考查副词词义辨析。句意：我决定一定有一种方 面加速上升、更长更强烈的热浪，正在发生并威胁着 法让我们和谐地生活。A.publicly公开地；B.private- 地球。“result from.”意为“由…引起”，为因定短 ly私下地；C.significantly意义重大地：D.harmoni- 语。故填from。] ously和谐地。根据上文提到的人类与野生大象的相 2.are occurring[考查动词时态。句意同上。根据时 遇往往以悲剧告终，以及下文“To create an elephant- 间状语Now及空后and threatening可知，此处用现 friendly area for elephants,Bodosa planted organic 在进行时，又因为主语是effects,.故此处用are occur- grass,fruits and tea.”可推知，此处应表示有一种方法 ring。故填are occurring,] 让我们和谐地生活。] 3.faster[考查副词的比较级。句意：一些变化，包括 干早、野火和极端降雨，发生的速度比科学家先前估 10.A[考查名词词义辨析。句意：他还确保没有栅栏 计的要快。根据空后的比较级标志词than可知，此处 或其他障碍来限制野生大象的活动，为它们提供了 用所给副词的比较级。故填faster。」 方便的通道。A.passages过道：B.solutions解决方 4.which考查定语从句。句意：事实上，现代人类从 法；C.assignments任务；D.calculations计算。根据 未见过我们所观察到的全球气候变化，其中一些变化 下文“by making sure there were no fences or other 在未来几百到几千年是不可逆转的。分析句子结构 11 to restrict wild elephants'movement..(确保 可知，此处是“介词十关系代词”引导的一个非限制性 没有栅栏或其他障碍来限制野生大象的活动。)”可 定语从句，先行词是changes,故此处填关系代词 知，此处应表示为它们提供了方便的通道。] which。故填which。] 11.D「考查名词词义辨析。句意：他还确保没有栅栏 5,highly[考查副词。句意：科学家们非常有信心，全 或其他障碍来限制野生大象的活动，为它们提供了 球气温将在未来几十年继续上升，这主要是由人类活 方便的通道。A.criteria标准：B.associations协会； 动产生的温室气体造成的。此处用所给形容词的副 C.regulations规则：D.barriers障碍。根据上文 词修饰空后的形容词confident。故填highly.] “there were no fences”以及下文“to restrict wild 6.t[考查代词。句意：据报道，自1750年开始的前工 elephants'movement..”可知，此处应表示确保没有栅 业时代以来，人类排放的吸热气体已经使气候变暖了 栏或其他障碍来限制野生大象的活动。] 近1.1℃。此处考查“Itis十动词的过去分词十that从 12.C[考查动词短语辨析。句意：渐渐地，他的茶园吸 句”这一句型，1在句中作形式主语，真正的主语是 引了其他动物的参观。A.1 ived off以…为生： t小ht引导的主语从句：该空位于句首，故所填词的首 B.resulted from由…引起；C.appealed to吸引： 字母需大写。故填It。] D.turned down拒绝。根据下文“Many human visi- 7.caused[考查非谓语动词。句意：气候变化造成的影 tors followed,too,and some even volunteered here. 响的严重程度将取决于未来人类活动的路径。分析 (人类游客也跟着来了。)”可推知，此处应表示他的 句子成分可知，此处用非谓语动词，根据句意及关健 茶园吸引了其他动物的参观。] 词by可知，动词cause与其逻辑主语effects存在动 13.D[考查动词词义辨析。句意：Bodosa的茶场被誉 宾关系，故此处用所给动词的过去分词。故填 为“世界上第一个对大象友好的茶场”。A.misread caused。] 误读：B.diagnosed诊断，C.imagined想象：D.credi- 8.extremes[考查名词。句意：更多的温室气体排放将 ted认为。根据下文“the world's first elephant- 在我们的星球上导致更多的极端气候事件和广泛的 friendly tea farm”可知，此处应表示茶场被誉为“世 破坏性影响。根据所填词前的more和and后面的 界上第一个对大象友好的茶场”。be credited as“被 effects可知，此处用所给名词复数作宾语。climate 认可为”.] extremes意为“极端气候事件”。故填extremes。.] 答案-50 参考答案 9.the[考查冠词。句意：不过，这些未来的影响取决于 降水事件预计将增加2至3倍的历更平均水平。美国 我们排放的二氧化碳量。根据句意，此处特指“… 联邦紧急事务管理局在最近的一份研究报告中预计， 的量”，故用定冠词the。故填the。] 到本世纪末，美国洪泛区的面积将扩大45%。2021 10.to avoid[考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，如果我们 年初的一项研究发现，部分由气候变化引起的降水增 能够减少排放，我们就有可能避免一些最坏的影响。 加，每年给美国造成的洪水损失增加了25亿美元 be likely to do sth..意为“很可能微某事”，为固定用 一些研究表明，在上个世纪，密西西比河流域和中西 法。故填to avoid。 部地区的洪水频率正在增加，在过去的50年里，东北 主题群3灾害防范 部地区也是如此。)”可知，作者在第二段通过列出相 I,阅读理解 关数据的方法来论证自己的观点。] A.[语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。在流感高峰期，人们 7.D[细节理解题。根据文章第六段中的“Don't drive 会采取各种防护措施。那蚂蚁也会像人类一样采取措 through flooded streets-it's difficult to judge the wa- 施来避免疾病的传播吗？研究人员发现，蚂蚁也会通过 ter depth.and roadways hidden below the water can 减少接触的方式来避免疾病的传播，而且它们的隔离方 collapse,.(不要在被水淹没的街道上开车一很难判 式有可能比人类更为先进。 断水深，隐藏在水下的道路可能会坍塌。)”可知，作者 1.D[细节理解题。根据第五段“·We marked all ants 在文中特别建议司机们在洪水暴发时不要开车穿过 in the colony with individual labels,which carries 被洪水淹没的街道。] these two-dimensional bar code marks like QR code 8.C[主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者在前两段介绍 which is automatically detected and recorded using a 了洪水增多这一现实情况，紧接着在第三至七段重点 tracking system.'(‘我们给蚁群中的所有蚂蚁都贴上 阐述了洪水暴发前应做哪些准备。由此判断C项 标签，标签上带有二雏码等条形码，可以通过跟踪系 How Do We Prepare for Flash Floods？(我们知何应 统自动检测和记录。’)”可知，研究人员是通过追踪技 对洪水暴发？)最能够概括本文主旨。] 术来记录蚂蚁的活动轨迹的。] C.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了生长 2.B[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“After the in 在海边的红树林能够抵御风暴湖和海啸等自然灾害，从 fection,the nurse and forager ants stayed within their 而成为守护海岸的英雄。 working places and interacted less outside of their 9.D[细节理解题。根据第二段“When waves pass work group.(感染后，看护蚁和觅食蚁采在它们的工 through mangrove forests,the above-ground roots and 作地点内，很少与工作小组以外的妈蚁互动。)”可知， branches of the trees reduce wave height and energy. 被感染的蚂蚁会远离健康的妈蚁。] (当波浪穿过红树林时，地上的树根和树枝会降低波 3.C[推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Something that's 浪的高度和能量。)”可知，红树林的自然结构使得它 quite interesting in these ants that's been shown by 们能够降低波浪高度和能量。] the study is that in their ability to avoid infecting oth- 10.D「词义猜测题。根据上文“Dense(茂密的)man er members of the community,ants may be more ad- grove forests also reduce wind speeds locally,which vanced than we are,(这项研究显示，这些蚂蚁非常有 has the added advantage of preventing waves in and 趣的一点是，在避免感染群落其他成员的能力方面， immediately behind the mangroves..(茂密的红树林 妈蚁可能比我们更先进。)”可推知，Natha对妈蚁的行 也会降低当地的风速，这还有一个颜外的好处，就是 为持赞赏的态度。] 可以防止红树林内和后面的海浪。)”可知，红树林可 4.B[主旨大意题。根据第一段中“But we humans are 以减低风速和防止海浪。结合指代关系和划线词所 not the only animals that change behavior to keep dis- 在句“This can potentially reduce its hazard to nearby eases at bay..So do ants..(但我们人类并不是唯一通过 facilities.(这可以潜在地减少其对附近设施的haz 改变行为来控制疾病的动物。蚂蚁也是如此。)”结合 ard。)”可知，句中指示代词This指代上文中“减低风 文章说明了在流感高峰期，人们会采取各种防护措 速和防止海浪”这种作用，结合常识，这能减少风和 施。那妈蚁也会像人类一样采取措施来避免疾病的 风对附近设施的“咸胁”，划线词与threat的意思最 传播吗？研究人员发现，妈蚁也会通过减少接触的方 为接近。] 式来避免疾病的传播，而且它们的隔离方式有可能比 1l.A[推理判断题。根据第四段“There is growing 人类更为先进。可知，这篇文章的主旨是“蚂蚁改变 evidence that mangroves can reduce the impact of 行为来对抗疾病”。] tsunamis by lowering...wave height by between 5% B.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了 nd30%.(越来越多的证据表明，红树林可以通过降 气候变化引起洪水暴发增多以及洪水暴发前应做的准 低流入内陆的水的破坏性能量来减少海啸的影响。 备的相关内容。 2004年的印度洋海啸就是一个典型的例子。几米宽 5.C[推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Aref1 lash floods 的红树林带已被证明能使海啸波高降低5%至 becoming more severe?Natural disasters are general- 30%。)”可推知，作者提到2004年的印度洋海啸是 ly getting worse-and that's true for floods,too. 为了证明红树林能够抵御海啸。] 水是否变得越来越严重？自然灾害通常越来越严 12.B[主旨大意题。通读全文，结合文章第一段中 重一一洪水也是如此。)”和下文的内容可知，作者在 "More importantly,they can resist natural disasters, 第一段提出问题旨在介绍话题。] thus keeping communities and structures safe and 6.B[推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Heavy precipita- sound.(更重要的是，它们可以抵御自然灾害，从而 tion()events are predicted to increase by 2 to 3 保持社区和结构的安全和健全。)”、第二段中“When times...to expand by 45 percent...costs the US an waves pass through mangrove forests,the above- additional 2.5 billion...over the past 50 years. ground roots and branches of the trees reduce wave 答案-51