必修第二册 Unit 5 On the road（word练习）-【导学教程】2025年英语新编高考大一轮总复习（外研版）

[对应学生用书P510] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2023·福州调研)Should we be thrilled that，for the first time in a century，Australia went more than a week without using any coal to make electricity？While some are welcoming this as a sign that the country is going green，the bigger picture is less encouraging. For one thing，renewables supplied only 23 per cent of electricity during this coal­free period，while 45 per cent came from natural gas. In the past decade，the country has gone from getting a third of its electricity from coal to obtaining more than a third from renewables like onshore wind on average. Australia now gets 11 per cent of its electricity from “renewable” biomass(生物质能燃料)，much of it using imported wood. But forest campaigners say swapping coal for wood isn't truly renewable and is actually doing huge damage to the environment. For another，Australia is off­track when it comes to meeting its long­term targets for cutting greenhouse gas emissions(排放).Producing electricity without burning fossil fuels is relatively easy. But it is much harder to heat homes，to make cement and steel，to grow food and to power cars，ships and planes without producing any greenhouse gases. In view of this，we should handle the energy and climate crises at the same time by finding climate­friendly alternatives to coal. Australia has now stopped the financial aid that drove its renewables revolution. So growth in renewable energy is expected to come to a stop in a decade. The global renewables revolution seems to be following the same trend. The International Energy Agency(IEA) recently announced that the world added 180 gigawatts(吉瓦)of solar，wind，hydropower and bioenergy in 2018，the same as in 2017.But IEA said we must add 300 gigawatts a year to have a chance of limiting global warming to under 2 ℃ by 2100.So we should cheer the end of coal，but continue to worry about how it will be replaced. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。我们应该为澳大利亚“无碳周”感到兴奋吗？虽然一些人将其视为该国的环保举措，但从宏观角度上看它却并不那么鼓舞人心。 1．In the“coal­free week”，what did Australia use most to make electricity? A．Natural gas. B．Onshore wind. C．Biomass. D．Wood. 解析　A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“renewables supplied only 23 per cent of...while 45 per cent came from natural gas”可知，在“无碳周”，45%的电力来自天然气，故选A。 2．What can be inferred about the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in paragraph 2? A．Positive results are tracked. B．Long­term goals are ambitious. C．Additional efforts are required. D．Climate change is unavoidable. 解析　C　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Australia is off­track when it comes to meeting its long­term targets for cutting greenhouse gas emissions(排放)”并结合本段的陈述可以推断，在减少温室气体排放问题上，澳大利亚还需要付出更多努力，故选C。 3．What can we learn about renewable energy in paragraph 3? A．It ought to be replaced. B．It will see an adequate increase. C．It starts a revolution in Australia. D．It needs constant financial aid. 解析　D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Australia has now stopped the financial aid...come to a stop in a decade”可以推知，可再生能源的变革需要持续的资金援助，故选D。 4．What is the author's attitude towards the coal­free week? A．Skeptical. B．Optimistic. C．Thrilled. D．Ambiguous. 解析　A　观点态度题。根据第一段中的“Should we be thrilled that...the bigger picture is less encouraging”可知，作者对“无碳周”持怀疑态度，故选A。 B (2023·苏北统考)New bioplastics are being made in laboratories from straw，wood chips and food waste，with researchers aiming to replace oil as the source of the world's plastic. The new approaches include genetically modifying bacteria to eat wood and produce useful chemicals. But the bioplastics are currently significantly more expensive to make than fossil fuel­based plastics. Land and seas around the world，from high mountains to deep oceans，have become polluted with plastic，prompting major public concern. The world has produced about 8bn tonnes of plastic since the 1950s and demand is still rising. While some waste plastic is recycled，much of it is burnt to produce electricity，resulting in carbon emissions that drive climate change. In contrast to plastic made from oil，plastics made from plant­based materials only release the carbon the plants absorb from the air as they grow. Bioplastics will also give more options for products that biodegrade in the environment，although they can be made very long­lasting if required. “Plastics are an incredible enhancement to our daily lives，”said Paul Mines，CEO of Biome Technologies in the UK，which has spent ￡5m in the last five years on bioplastics research. “But we can't go on using fossil fuel­based materials. About 6%－7% of every barrel of oil is used to make plastics.” Using plant materials is feasible，said Professor Simon，at the University of York. Replacing half of the nation's plastic bottles could be done by using just 3% of the sugar beet crop，5% of wheat straw or 2.5% of food waste，he said. Currently，just a few thousand tonnes of bioplastics are used in the UK each year，compared to millions of tonnes of conventional plastic. Mines said this could rise to about 20，000 tonnes in the next five years. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。科学家们正在试验用秸秆、木屑和食物垃圾制造一种新型生物塑料。与传统的化石燃料塑料相比，它更具有环保性。 5．Why are high mountains and deep oceans mentioned in paragraph 3? A．To display the range of plastic waste. B．To show the widespread use of plastic. C．To stress the increasing demand for plastic. D．To raise awareness of ocean protection. 解析　A　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Land and seas around the world，from high mountains to deep oceans，have become polluted with plastic”可知，世界各地的陆地和海洋，从高山到深海，都受到了塑料的污染。由此可推知，作者提到高山和深海主要是为了展示塑料垃圾的范围，故选A。 6．What is one advantage of bioplastics over fossil fuel­based plastics? A．Producing electricity. B．Being eco­friendly. C．Driving climate change. D．Biodegrading other plastic. 解析　B　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“While some waste plastic is recycled...from the air as they grow”可知，传统的化石燃料塑料会产生很多的碳排放，而新型的生物塑料只释放能够被植物吸收的碳。由此可知，与化石燃料塑料相比，生物塑料的一个优势是有利于环保，故选B。 7．What does the underlined word “feasible” mean in paragraph 6? A．Possible. B．Troublesome. C．Original. D．Costly. 解析　A　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“Replacing half of the nation's...2.5% of food waste”可知，仅用3%的甜菜作物、5%的小麦秸秆或者2.5%的食物垃圾就可以替换全国一半的塑料瓶。由此可推知，使用植物材料是可行的，故画线词的意思与A项最为接近。故选A。 8．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Plastics are necessary in daily life. B．Oil is the source of the world's plastic. C．Bioplastic making is a promising industry. D．Scientists are researching bioplastic making. 解析　D　文章大意题。通读全文尤其是第一段内容可知，本文主要讲述了科学家正在研究一种用秸秆、木屑和食物垃圾制造的新型生物塑料。故选D。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2024·惠州检测)One summer day，Bella，our pet dog，was in the bushes in our backyard making all sorts of noises.Our 11­year­old daughter，Kaitlin，discovered her sniffing and pawing at a __1__，where several caterpillars (毛毛虫) chewed. My husband and I quite worried that our backyard—a __2__ hangout of birds，squirrels，and neighborhood cats—wasn't the safest environment for __3__ caterpillars. So we got a butterfly house where the caterpillars could __4__ transform themselves. Each day，when we took the butterfly house to the backyard，Bella __5__ with it.Each night，when we brought it back inside，Bella __6__，and then slept under the table on which it rested.We didn't know why Bella was so __7__，but she was there for every step of the budding butterflies' __8__． Finally，the caterpillars turned into beautiful queen butterflies. __9__，Bella didn't seem worried when Kaitlin __10__ them.In fact，Bella seemed to understand that this was part of the __11__．It wasn't until one last butterfly wouldn't fly away that Bella expressed __12__．She gently rested her head near the __13__ flier，which crawled onto her nose.Bella lifted her head，pointed her nose，and let out one __14__．Away flew the queen butterfly，moving her wings lightly up and down，seemingly needing a little __15__ from a friend to begin her migration. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。作者的宠物狗Bella在后院发现了几条毛毛虫，作者和丈夫担心后院的环境对毛毛虫来说不安全，于是给毛毛虫做了个蝴蝶屋。自此，Bella开始了自己的“守望”之旅，它每天护送毛毛虫从屋里到后院的来回搬动，睡在蝴蝶屋下，看着毛毛虫破茧成蝶，最后看着它们飞走。 1．A.cave B．branch C．bone D．dustbin 解析　B　根据上文中提到的“in the bushes”可知，Bella嗅树枝，并抓来抓去。故选B。 2．A.messy B．rare C．frequent D．noisy 解析　C　根据语境可知，鸟、松鼠和附近的猫经常光顾作者的后院，所以这对毛毛虫来说会很危险。故选C。 3．A.delicate B．tiny C．gentle D．delicious 解析　A　根据常识可知，毛毛虫在这个阶段比较脆弱。故选A。 4．A.gradually B．comfortably C．safely D．easily 解析　C　根据上文中的“wasn't the safest environment”可知，“a butterfly house”会确保毛毛虫可以安全地变成蝴蝶。故选C。 5．A.fought B．dealt C．agreed D．moved 解析　D　根据下文中的“she was there for every step of the budding butterflies' __8__”可知，“我们”把蝴蝶屋从屋里移到后院的时候，Bella会一起出去，而当“我们”把蝴蝶屋从院里搬回屋里的时候，Bella会跟着回去。故选D。 6．A.followed B．left C．hesitated D．ignored 解析　A　参见上题解析。 7．A.curious B．annoyed C．scared D．attached 解析　D　根据下文中的“she was there for every step of the budding butterflies' __8__”可知，Bella与毛毛虫形影不离(attached)。故选D。 8．A.journey B．transformation C．tragedy D．flight 解析　B　此处考查词汇复现。根据上文中的“we got a butterfly house where the caterpillars could __4__ transform themselves”可知，B项正确。transformation“变化，转变”。故选B。 9．A.Fortunately B．Delightfully C．Surprisingly D．Thankfully 解析　C　本空为副词修饰整个句子。根据下文中的“Bella didn't seem worried when Kaitlin __10__ them”，再结合上文中Bella与毛毛虫形影不离可知，Bella的这种表现是令人意外的。故选C。 10．A.released B．cupped C．hurt D．approached 解析　A　根据上文中的“Finally，the caterpillars turned into beautiful queen butterflies”和常识可知，毛毛虫变成蝴蝶后就不适合待在蝴蝶屋了，Kaitlin会把它们放出来。故选A。 11．A.experiment B．adventure C．cycle D．rescue 解析　C　分析语境可知，此处解释了“Bella didn't seem worried”的原因，即它似乎理解这是生命周期的一部分。故选C。 12．A.love B．concern C．doubt D．gratitude 解析　B　此处与上文中的“Bella didn't seem worried”形成对比，表示最后一只蝴蝶不愿飞走时，Bella开始担心了。故选B。 13．A.stubborn B．abnormal C．brave D．unwilling 解析　D　此处是对“one last butterfly wouldn't fly away”的形容，即这是一只“不愿意”飞走的蝴蝶。故选D。 14．A.sigh B．cry C．cheer D．regret 解析　A　上文讲到Bella开始担心，因此它叹了声气。故选A。 15．A.benefit B．hug C．understanding D．push 解析　D　根据语境可知，蝴蝶轻轻地上下扇动着翅膀，似乎是需要一个朋友助它一臂之力。故选D。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$